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ISSN: 1735-9740
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ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺩﺍ ﺓﺪﻜﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻖﺑﺎﺳ ﺔﻠﺠﻣ
ﺖﺴﻴﺑ ﻝﺎﺳ ﻭﻡﻭﺩ ، ﺓﺭﺎﻤﺷ٧٦
ﺭﺎﻬﺑﻥﺎﺘﺴﺑﺎﺗ ﻭ ١٣٩٣
ﺐﺷ ﻥﺎﻣﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻴﺴﻨﺟ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺔﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻨﻤﻬﺑ ﷲﺍﺪﻳ ﻱﻭﺮﻣ ﺩﺍﺰﻬﺑ ،ﻖﻠﻄﻣ
ﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷﻥﺎﻣﺮﻬﻗ ﻑﺮﺸﺗ ﻭ ﻱﺯﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺁ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻭ ﺐﻠﻃ ﻭ ﺕﻮﻋﺩ
ﻲﺒﻴﻜﺷ ﻦﻳﺮﺴﻧ ،ﻲﻨﻴﺴﺣ ﻢﻳﺮﻣ ﺯﺎﺘﻤﻣ
ﻪﺑ ﻲﻠﺒﺷ ﻥﻮﻨﺟ ﺔﺑﺎﺜﻣﺏﺎﻘﻧ
ﺐﻴﺒﺣ ﻲﻤﺷﺎﻫ ﺖﺧﺩﻮﻨﻴﻣ ،ﻲﺳﺎﺒﻋ ﷲﺍ
ﻲﺘﺴﻫ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺳﺍ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻲﺑﻮﻨﺟ ﻥﺎﺳﺍﺮﺧ ﻱﺎﻫﺍﻭﺁﺭﺎﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ
ﻞﻴﻠﺟ ﺍﻲﻨﻴﺴﺣ ﺪﻴﻫﺎﻧ ﻩﺪﻴﺳ ،ﻥﻻﺍﻭﺪﻨﻫ ﻲﻗﻭﺭﺎﻓ ﻪﻟ
ﺣﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺯﺍﺩﺮﭘﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛﻱﺭﻮﻧﺍ ﻦﺨﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻡﻮﺠﻧ ﻡﺎﻜ
ﻱﺩﻻﻮﻓ ﻪﻴﺿﺍﺭ ﺭﺎﻴﻫﺎﻣ ﺱﺎﺒﻋ ،ﺮﻬﭙﺳ
ﻦﻴﻣﺯﺮﺳ ﻭﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻧﺎﻘﺷﺎﻋ ﺖﻳﺍﻭﺭ ﻪﺳ
ﻲﻣﺍﺮﻬﺑ ﻦﻴﺷﻮﻧ ،ﻱﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﻲﻠﻋ ﺭﻮﭘ
ﻲﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﺮﻌﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺍﺪﻨﻳﺎﭘ ﻲﻣﻼﻛ ﺶﻨﻴﺑ
ﻲﺑﺎﻘﻧ ﺖﻔﻋ
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ﻣﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺩﺍ ﺓﺪﻜﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻖﺑﺎﺳ ﺔﻠﺠ ﻲﻣﺯﺭﺍﻮﺧ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ)ﺖﻴﺑﺮﺗ ﻖﺑﺎﺳ ﻢﻠﻌﻣ(
ﺖﺴﻴﺑ ﻝﺎﺳ ،ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﺓﺭﻭﺩ ﻭﻡﻭﺩ ﺓﺭﺎﻤﺷ ،۷۶
ﺭﺎﻬﺑﻥﺎﺘﺴﺑﺎﺗ ﻭ ۱۳۹۳
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∗ ﻝﻮﺌﺴﻣﺮﻳﺪﻣ :ﺡﻼﻓ ﻲﻠﻌﻣﻼﻏ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ
∗ ﺮﻴﺑﺩﺮﺳ :ﺡﻼﻓ ﻲﻠﻌﻣﻼﻏ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ
∗ ﻪﻳﺮﻳﺮﺤﺗ ﺖﺌﻴﻫ:
ﺎﻳﺭﺍﺪﻣﺎﻧﺭﻮﭘ ﻲﻘﺗ ﺮﺘﻛﺩﻥ ﺩﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ
ﻞﻴﻠﺠﺗ ﻞﻴﻠﺟ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺩﺎﺘﺳﺍ
ﻥﺍﺮﻴﺑﺩ ﻪﻤﻴﻜﺣ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ ﻲﻣﺯﺭﺍﻮﺧ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺩﺎﺘﺳﺍ
ﻲﻠﻋ ﺮﺘﻛﺩﺩﺎﺠﺳ ﺪﻤﺤﻣﻱ ﻲﺘﺸﻬﺑﺪﻴﻬﺷ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺩﺎﺘﺳﺍ
ﺦﻴﺷ ﻲﻠﻋ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ ﻲﻣﻼﺳﻻﺍ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺩﺎﺘﺳﺍ
ﻱﺪﺑﺎﻋ ﺩﻮﻤﺤﻣ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ ﻲﻣﺯﺭﺍﻮﺧ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺩﺎﺘﺳﺍ
ﺐﻴﺒﺣ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ ﻲﺳﺎﺒﻋ ﷲﺍ ﺩﺎﺘﺳﺍﻲﻣﺯﺭﺍﻮﺧ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ
ﻲﺣﻮﺘﻓ ﺩﻮﻤﺤﻣ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ ﻲﺳﻭﺩﺮﻓ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺩﺎﺘﺳﺍ
ﺡﻼﻓ ﻲﻠﻌﻣﻼﻏ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ ﻲﻣﺯﺭﺍﻮﺧ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺭﺎﻴﺸﻧﺍﺩ
ﺭﺎﻴﻫﺎﻣ ﺱﺎﺒﻋ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ ﻲﻣﺯﺭﺍﻮﺧ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺩﺎﺘﺳﺍ
ﻲﻤﺷﺎﻫﺮﻴﻣ ﻲﻀﺗﺮﻣﺪﻴﺳ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ ﻲﻣﺯﺭﺍﻮﺧ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺭﺎﻴﺸﻧﺍﺩ
ﻲﺑﺩﺍ ﺭﺎﺘﺳﺍﺮﻳﻭ : ﺡﻼﻓ ﻲﻠﻌﻣﻼﻏ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ
ﻲﺴﻴﻠﮕﻧﺍ ﺭﺎﺘﺳﺍﺮﻳﻭ :ﻱﺪﺳﺍ ﻞﺿﺎﻓ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ ﺍﺪﺠﻣ
ﻲﻳﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﺮﻳﺪﻣ :ﻱﺮﺑﺎﺻ ﺍﺮﻫﺯ
ﻑﻭﺮﺣ ﻪﺤﻔﺻ ﻭ ﻦﻴﭼ ﺍﺭﺁ :ﻱﺪﻤﺣﺍﺮﻴﻣ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﺳ ﻩﺮﻫﺎﻃ
ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﺔﺟﺭﺩ ﺖﻓﺎﻳﺭﺩ
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ﻲﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻭ ﻭ
۲۱۴/۲۹۱۰/۳ ۳۶۸/۲۹۱۰/۳ ۹۸۳۲/۳
۲۴/۳/۷۶ ۲۲/۳/۸۰ ۷/۱۱/۸۶
ﻙﺍﺮﺘﺷﺍ ﺖﺳﺍﻮﺧﺭﺩ
ﻲﻣﺯﺭﺍﻮﺧ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ
ﻭﺩﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺔﻣﺎﻨﻠﺼﻓﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺩﺍ ﺓﺪﻜﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻖﺑﺎﺳ ﺔﻠﺠﻣ ؛ﻲﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺩﺍ ﻭ «
ﺎﻧﻡﺎﻧ ﻭ ﻡ ﻲﮔﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﻪﺴﺳﺆﻣ
ﻞﻐﺷ ﺕﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﻦﺳ
ﻲﻧﺎﺸﻧ :ﺎﺘﺳﺍﻥ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻥﺎﺑﺎﻴﺧ
ﻪﭼﻮﻛ ﻙﻼﭘ ﻲﺘﺳﺍﻮﺧﺭﺩ ﺓﺭﺎﻤﺷ
ﻲﺘﺴﭘﺪﻛ ﻲﺘﺴﭘ ﻕﻭﺪﻨﺻ ﻦﻔﻠﺗ
ﻲﻜﻴﻧﻭﺮﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﺸﻧ
ﻲﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻎﻠﺒﻣ
ﻙﺍﺮﺘﺷﺍ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ:
ﻚﺗ ﻱﺎﻬﺑ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ :۳۰۰۰۰ﻝﺎﻳﺭ
ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ :۱۰۰۰۰ ﻝﺎﻳﺭ )ﻞﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻝﺎﻐﺘﺷﺍ ﻲﻫﺍﻮﮔ ﺔﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﺎﺑ(
ﻪﻧﻻﺎﺳ ﻙﺍﺮﺘﺷﺍ ﻱﺎﻬﺑ :۵۰۰۰۰۰ﻝﺎﻳﺭ
ـﺣ ﻪـﺑ ﻙﺍﺮﺘﺷﺍ ﻪﺟﻭ ﺖﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﺶﻴﻓ ﺎﺒﻴـﺳ ﺏﺎﺴ۰۱۰۳۰۳۳۹۳۹۰۰۰ ﻱﺎﻫﺪـﻣﺁﺭﺩ ﻡﺎـﻧ ﻪـﺑ
ﻩﺍﺮﻤﻫ ،ﻲﻣﺯﺭﺍﻮﺧ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺔﺒﻌﺷ ﻲﻠﻣ ﻚﻧﺎﺑ ﺩﺰﻧ ﻲﻣﺯﺭﺍﻮﺧ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﺻﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ» ﺖﺳﺍﻮﺧﺭﺩ
ﻙﺍﺮﺘﺷﺍ «ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﻝﺎﺳﺭﺍ ﻪﻠﺠﻣ ﺮﺘﻓﺩ ﻪﺑ .
ﻲﻧﺎﺸﻧ : ﺓﺭﺎﻤﺷ ،ﺢﺘﻔﻣ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ ﺪﻴﻬﺷ ﻥﺎﺑﺎﻴﺧ۴۹ﻲﺘﺴﭘﺪﻛ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ، :۱۵۷۱۹۱۴۹۱۱
ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﺮﺘﻓﺩ ﻦﻔﻠﺗ :۸۸۸۲۸۲۹۲-۰۲۱ﻦﻔﻠﺗ ﺝﺮﻛ ﺮﺘﻓﺩ :۳۴۵۷۵۰۱۵-۰۲۶
ﻪﻠﺠﻣ ﺮﺘﻓﺩ ﻲﻜﻴﻧﻭﺮﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﺖﺴﭘ:
mdazabanfarsi72@yahoo.com ﻭ mda72@khu.ac.ir
ﻩﺎﮕﻳﺎﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻳﺮﺸﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻲﻣ ﻪﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﺮﻳﺯ ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺩﻮﺷ:
ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻱﮊﻮﻟﻮﻨﻜﺗ ﻭ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻱﺍ
www.srlst.com
ﻲﻫﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺩﺎﻬﺟ ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ
www.sid.ir
ﻲﻣﻼﺳﺍ ﻱﺮﺗﻮﻴﭙﻣﺎﻛ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ
www.noormags.com
ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺭﻭﺁﺩﺎﻳ
ﻭﺩﻓ ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﺔﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺩﺍ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺔﻣﺎﻨﻠﺼ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﺮـﻫ ،ﻥﺎﮔﺪـﻨﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻚﻳ ﻞﺼﻓﻭﺩ ﻲﻣ ﺮﺸﺘﻨﻣ ﺭﺎﺑ ﺩﻮﺷ . ﻲﻣ ﺮﺸﺘﻨﻣ ﺍﺭ ﻲﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺕﻻﺎﻘﻣ ﻂﻘﻓ ﻪﻠﺠﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﻛﺎﺠﻧﺁﺯﺍ ،ﺪـﻨﻛ
ﺭﺎﭼ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻡﺯﻻﻢﻳﻮﺷ ﺭﻭﺁﺩﺎﻳ ﺍﺭ ﻲﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺔﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﺏﻮﭼ.
• ﺖـﺳﺩ ﻭ ﻱﻮـﻋﺩ ﺎـﻳ ﻭ ﻡﺎـﻴﭘ ،ﻪﺸﻳﺪﻧﺍ ،ﺮﻈﻧ ،ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﺔﻠﺌﺴﻣ ﻚﻳ ﻱﻭﺎﺣ ﻲﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺔﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻢـﻛ
ﻩﺯﺎﺗ ﺕﺎـﺒﺛﺍ ﻭ ﻥﺎـﻴﺑ ﻲـﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻭ ﻲـﻤﻠﻋ ﻲـﺷﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻨﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻱﺍ
ﻲﻣ ﺩﻮﺷ.
• ﺔﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ word ۲۰۰۳ ﺭﺯ ﻢﻠﻗ ﺎﺑ ۱۳ ﻴﻧﻭﺮﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺷ ﭗﻳﺎﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻡﺎﻧ ﺖﺒﺛ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻜ
ﻲﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻠﺠﻣ ﺖﻳﺎﺳir.jpll://http ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﻝﺎﺳﺭﺍ . ﺯﺍ ﻪـﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻢﺠﺣ۲۰ ﺔﺤﻔـﺻ ۲۴ ﻱﺮﻄـﺳ
ﺪﺷﺎﺒﻧ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ.
• ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ : ﻩﺪﻴﻜﭼ← ﻪـﻣﺪﻘﻣ ← ﻦﺘـﻣ) ﺚـﺤﺑ ،ﺕﺎﻣﺪـﻘﻣ ﺡﺮـﻃ(← ﻪـﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻱﺮـﻴﮔ←
ﻲﭘ ﺖﺷﻮﻧ ← ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ
• ﻩﺪﻴﻜﭼ : ﻪﺤﻔﺻ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﻴﻜﭼ ﺭﺩ ،ﻪﻧﺎﮔﺍﺪﺟ ﻱﺍ ﺮﺜﻛﺍﺪﺣ۲۰۰ ﺵﻭﺭ ،ﻖـﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺔﻠﺌﺴـﻣ ﻞﻣﺎـﺷ ﻪﻤﻠﻛ
ﻩﮊﺍﻭﺪﻴﻠﻛ ﻩﺍﺮﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺴﻴﻠﮕﻧﺍ ﻭ ﻲﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﻪﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻭ ﺭﺎﻛ ﺎﻫ .
• ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ : ﻩﺪـﺷ ﻡﺎـﺠﻧﺍ ﺕﺎـﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺔﻨﻴﺸـﻴﭘ ﻭ ﻥﺁ ﺕﺭﻭﺮﺿ ،ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺔﻠﺌﺴﻣ ﺎﻳ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﺡﺮﻃ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ
ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﺓﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ.
• ﻞﻜﺷ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﺍﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ : ﻥﺁ ﻱﺎﺟ ﻭ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﭖﺎﭼ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻩﺩﺎﻣﺁ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻜﻣﺍ ﺪﺣ ﺎﺗ ﺎﻫ ﻦﺘﻣ ﺭﺩ
ﺩﻮﺷ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ . ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺕﺎﺟﺭﺪﻨﻣ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﻭ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁ ﻭ ﻦﺷﻭﺭ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﻱﺭﺍﺬﮔ ﻪـﺑ ﺰـﻴﻧ ﺎـﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﻦﺘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﺒﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﺪﻳﺁ.
• ﺬﺧﺂﻣ ﻭ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ :ﺩﻮﺷ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﺍ ﺮﻳﺯ ﻱﻮﮕﻟﺍ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻥﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﺬﺧﺂﻣ ﻭ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﺮﻛﺫ ﺭﺩ:
ﺏﺎﺘﻛ : ﻩﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ ﻲﮔﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﻡﺎﻧ ، ﻩﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ ﻡﺎﻧ ) ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﺍ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ (
ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﻡﺎﻧ
. ﺟﺮـﺘﻣ ﻡﺎـﻧ ﺢﺤﺼـﻣ ﺎـﻳ ﻢ .
ﺪﻠﺟ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ .،ﭖﺎﭼ ﺖﺑﻮﻧ ﺮﺸﻧ ﻞﺤﻣ :ﺮﺷﺎﻧ.
ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ :ﻒﻟﺍ ( ﺕﻼﺠﻣ ﺯﺍ : ﻩﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ ﻡﺎﻧ ،ﻩﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ ﻲﮔﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﻡﺎﻧ) ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﺍ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ (» ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ« ﻡﺎـﻧ ؛
ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻱﺎﻬﺘﻧﺍ ﻭ ﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﻪﺤﻔﺻ ﺓﺭﺎﻤﺷ ،ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ،ﻪﻠﺠﻣ ﺓﺭﻭﺩ ،ﻪﻳﺮﺸﻧ.
ﺏ ( ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫ : ﻡﺎﻧ ،ﻩﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ ﻲﮔﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﻡﺎﻧ) ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﺍ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ (»ﻋ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨ« .
ﺎـﻳ ﻪـﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻡﺎـﻧ
ﺏﺎﺘﻛ
. ﻡﺎﻧ ﻭ ﻡﺎﻧ ﻦﻳﻭﺪﺗ ﻲﮔﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛ . ﺮﺸـﻧ ﻞـﺤﻣ : ﺮـﺷﺎﻧ . ﻭ ﺍﺪـﺘﺑﺍ ﻪﺤﻔـﺻ ﺓﺭﺎﻤـﺷ
ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻱﺎﻬﺘﻧﺍ.
ﻩﺎﮕﻳﺎﭘ ﺏﻭ ﻱﺎﻫ : ﻡﺎﻧ ﻡﺎﻧ ،ﻩﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ ﻲﮔﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ) ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﺍ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ (» ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ« ﻩﺎﮕﻳﺎﭘ ﻲﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﻭ ﻡﺎﻧ ،
ﻱﺮﮕﻧﺯﺎﺑ ﻦﻳﺮﺧﺁ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ،ﻚﻴﻟﺎﺘﻳﺍ ﻢﻠﻗ ﺎﺑ ﻲﺘﻧﺮﺘﻨﻳﺍﻩﺎﮕﻳﺎﭘ ﺭﺩ .
• ﺕﺎﻋﺎﺟﺭﺍ : ﺪﻳﺎﻴﺑ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﹰﺎﻘﻴﻗﺩ ﻦﺘﻣ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﺭﺩ) :ﻡﺎﻧ ﺮﺸﻧ ﻝﺎﺳ ،ﻩﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ ﻲﮔﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ : ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ
ﻪﺤﻔﺻ.(
• ﻲﭘ ﺖﺷﻮﻧ : ﭻﻴﻫ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﺕﺎﺤﻔﺻ ﺲﻳﻮﻧﺎﭘ ﺭﺩ ﺎـﺑ ﻲﺤﻴـﺿﻮﺗ ﻪـﻧﻮﮔﺮﻫ ،ﺩﻮﺸـﻧ ﺝﺭﺩ ﻲﺤﻴـﺿﻮﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ
ﻲﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻚﹸﺗ ﺓﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﻲﻣ ﺬﺧﺂﻣ ﻭ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺶﻴﭘ ﻭ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻥﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ـ ﺖﺷﻮﻧ ﻞﻘﺘﻨﻣ ـ ﺪﻳﺁﺩﺩﺮﮔ.
ﻭ ﺮﺸﺘﻨﻣ ﻲﺸﻳﺎﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺭﺎﻨﻴﻤﺳ ،ﻪﻳﺮﺸﻧ ﭻﻴﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻟﺎﺳﺭﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻩﺪﺸﻧ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ.
ﻲﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﭖﺎﭼ ﺖﺑﻮﻧ ﺭﺩ ،ﺪﻴﻳﺄﺗ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺭﺩ ،ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻭ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﺕﻻﺎﻘﻣ ﺩﺮﻴﮔ.
ﻲﻤﻧ ﻩﺪﻧﺍﺩﺮﮔﺮﺑ ﻲﻟﺎﺳﺭﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﻘﻣ ﺩﻮﺷ.
ﺩﺍﺯﺁ ﻩﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﺕﻻﺎﻘﻣ ﺶﻳﺍﺮﻳﻭ ﻭ ﺺﻴﺨﻠﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻠﺠﻣﺖﺳﺍ.
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زر د ر تد و نز
ﺖﺳﺮﻬﻓ
ﺐﺷ ﻥﺎﻣﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻴﺴﻨﺟ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺔﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ..................................................................................٧ ﻲﻨﻤﻬﺑ ﷲﺍﺪﻳ ﻖﻠﻄﻣ ،ﻱﻭﺮﻣ ﺩﺍﺰﻬﺑ
ﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻥﺎﻣﺮﻬﻗ ﻑﺮﺸﺗ ﻭ ﻱﺯﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺁ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻭ ﺐﻠﻃ ﻭ ﺕﻮﻋﺩ ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ............................٢٧ ﻲﻨﻴﺴﺣ ﻢﻳﺮﻣ ،ﻲﺒﻴﮑﺷ ﻦﻳﺮﺴﻧ ﺯﺎﺘﻤﻣ
ﻪﺑ ﻲﻠﺒﺷ ﻥﻮﻨﺟ ﺏﺎﻘﻧ ﺔﺑﺎﺜﻣ )ﺍﻪﺸﻳﺪﻧﺍ ﻭ ﻢﻴﻫﺎﻔﻣ ﻥﺎﻴﺑ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻥﻮﻨﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻠﺒﺷ ﺓﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳ ﻪﻧﺎﻴﻓﻮﺻ ﻱﺎﻫ(.....٥١ ﺐﻴﺒﺣ ﻲﺳﺎﺒﻋ ﷲﺍ،ﻲﻤﺷﺎﻫ ﺖﺧﺩﻮﻨﻴﻣ
ﻲﺘﺴﻫ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺳﺍ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻲﺑﻮﻨﺟ ﻥﺎﺳﺍﺮﺧ ﻱﺎﻫﺍﻭﺁﺭﺎﮐ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ
.................................................................٧١ ﻞﻴﻠﺟ ﻥﻻﺍﻭﺪﻨﻫ ﻲﻗﻭﺭﺎﻓ ﻪﻟﺍ،ﻲﻨﻴﺴﺣ ﺪﻴﻫﺎﻧ ﻩﺪﻴﺳ
ﻱﺭﻮﻧﺍ ﻦﺨﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻡﻮﺠﻧ ﻡﺎﮑﺣﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺯﺍﺩﺮﭘﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﮐ.....................................................................٨٩ ﻱﺩﻻﻮﻓ ﻪﻴﺿﺍﺭ ﺮﻬﭙﺳ ،ﺭﺎﻴﻫﺎﻣ ﺱﺎﺒﻋ
ﻦﻴﻣﺯﺮـﺳ ﻭﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻧﺎﻘـﺷﺎﻋ ﺖـﻳﺍﻭﺭ ﻪﺳ ؛ ﻪـﺑﺍﺩﻭﺭ ﻭ ﻝﺍﺯ، ـﻴﺑ ﮋـﻴﻨﻣ ﻭ ﻥﮋ ،ﻩ ـﻴﻟﻭﮊ ﻭ ﻮـﺌﻣﻭﺭ،ﺖ ﻲـﺳﺭﺮﺑ
ﺖﻳﺍﻭﺭ ﺎﻨﺷﺘﺧ ﻥﺎﻤﺘﻔﮔ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻲ......................................................................................................١٠٩ ﻱﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﻲﻠﻋ،ﻲﻣﺍﺮﻬﺑ ﻦﻴﺷﻮﻧ ﺭﻮﭘ
ﻲﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﺮﻌﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺍﺪﻨﻳﺎﭘ ِﻲﻣﻼﻛ ﺶﻨﻴﺑ..........................................................................................١٣٧ ﻲﺑﺎﻘﻧ ﺖﻔﻋ
ﻩﺪﻴﻜﭼ ﻲﺴﻴﻠﮕﻧﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ......................................................................................................................١٦٢
ﺖﻓﺎﻳﺭﺩ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ: ۱۷/۱۱/۹۱ ﺵﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ: ١١/٩/٩٢
ﻭﺩ ﻝﺎﺳ ،ﻲﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺩﺍ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺔﻣﺎﻨﻠﺼﻓ٢٢ ﺓﺭﺎﻤﺷ ،٧٦ ﻥﺎﺘﺴﺑﺎﺗ ﻭ ﺭﺎﻬﺑ ،١٣٩٣
ﺴﻨﺟ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺔﻄﺑﺍﺭﻴﺐﺷ ﻥﺎﻣﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺖﺎﻫﻱﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ
ﻳﻨﻤﻬﺑ ﷲﺍﺪﻲ ﻖﻠﻄﻣ
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ﻭﺮﻣ ﺩﺍﺰﻬﺑﻱ
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ﻩﺪﻴﻜﭼ
ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳﻱﻛ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻭ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﻥﺎﻣﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻪ ، ﺖﻴﺴـﻨﺟ ﻭ ﻥﺎـﺑﺯ ﺔـﻄﺑﺍﺭ
ﺖﺳﺍ . ﺍ ﺭﺩﻳ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻦ، ﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻪﮐ ﻲ ﻴﺑﺎﻨﻪﺘﺷﺭ ﻱﺍ ﺖـﺳﺍ ، ﮑﺗ ﺎـﺑ ﺪـﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺪﺼـﻗ ﻥﺎﮔﺪـﻨﻫﻭﮋﭘ ـﻴ ﺮـﺑ ﻪ
ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﺳﺎﻨﺷﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻲ ـ ﻪﺑ ﻩﮋﻳﻭﺮﻈﻧ ﻳﻟ ﺔﻴﻑﺎﮑ ﺴـﻨﺟ ﻭ ﻥﺎـﺑﺯ ﺔﻄﺑﺍﺭ ـﻴ ﻥﺎـﻣﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺖ
ﺐﺷﺎﻫﻱ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ
ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻲ ﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺎﺗ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻳ ﺭﺬﮕﻫﺭ ﻦ ﺗﺛﺄﻴ ﺴﻨﺟ ﺮﻴ ﻮﻧ ﺖﻳ ﻣ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻣﺭ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺮﺑ ﻩﺪﻨﺴﻴ ﻥﺍﺰ
ﻘﻓﻮﻣﻴﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺶﺘﻳﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﺩﺎﺠﻲﺴﻨﺟ ﺎﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﺘﻣ ﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﺖﻴﺖﺎﻫ ﻮﺷ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻣﺩ. ﺍﺮﺑﻱﺍ ﻳ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻦ
ﻐﺘﻣ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺭ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻧﺯﻴﺎﻫﺮﻲﻳ ﻥﻮﭼ ﻌﻣ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﻴﺭﺎ ، ﻪﻧﺍﺮﻣﺁ ﺕﻼﻤﺟ ،ﻊﻄﻗ ﻡﻼﮐ ،
ﻪﻤﻟﺎﮑﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺘﮐﺭﺎﺸﻣ ﻲ ﺘﺑﺎﻗﺭ ﻭ ﻲ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻧﻳ ﻌﻃﺎﻗ ﺖﻴ ﻘﻧﺍ ﻭ ﺖ ـﻴ ﺩﺎ ـﺳﺭﺮﺑﻲ ﺪـﺷ .ﻳ ﻪـﺘﻓﺎ ﺎـﻫ ﻥﺎﺸـﻧ
ﻣﻲ ﺪﻫﺩ ﺼﺨﺷ ﻥﺎﺑﺯﻴﺖ ﺎﻫ ﺛﺄﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ ﻴ ﺴﻨﺟ ﺮﻴ ﻮﻧ ﺖﻳ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻨﺴ .ﻌﻣﻴﺎﻫﺭﺎﻱ ﻧﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﻧﺯ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﻲ
ﺑﻴﺮﺘﺸﻱ ﻮﻧ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺭﺍﺮﮑﺗ ﻳ ﺴﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺪﻨﺴﻴﺭﺎﻱ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﺴﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲ ﺴـﻨﺟ ﺎﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﺘﻣﻴ ﺖ
ﺼﺨﺷﻴﺖ ﺎﻫﺍﻳ ﺪﻨﮐ ﺩﺎﺠ . ﺧﺮﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﺗ ﻡﺪﻋﻲﻐﺘﻣ ﻴﺮ ﺎﻫﻌﻣ ﺎﺑﻴﺎﻫﺭﺎﻱﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ،ﻲﺎﺗ ﻪـﺑ ﯼﺩﻭﺪﺣ
ﺶﻳﺍﺮﮔﻤﻓ ﯼﺎﻫﻴ ﻩﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ ﯽﺘﺴﻴﻨﺖﺳﺍ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ.
ﺪﻴﻠﻛﻩﮊﺍﻭﺎﻫ :ﻥﺎﻣﺭ ،ﺐﺷ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ ،ﻥﺎﺑﺯﺳﺎﻨﺷ ،ﻲﻥﺎﺑﺯ ،ﺖﻴﺴﻨﺟ.
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ﺭﺎﻳﺩﺎﺘﺳﺍﺑﺮﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻴﺖ ﺑﺩﻴﻬﺷ ﺮﻴﺎﺟﺭﺪﻳﯽ y_bahmani43m@yahoo.com
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ﺑﺮﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺪﺷﺭﺍ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﺭﺎﮐ ﯼﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩﻴﺖ ﺑﺩﻴﻬﺷ ﺮﻴﺎﺟﺭﺪﻳﯽ b.marvi907@gmail.com
ﻝﺎﺳ ،ﻲﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺩﺍ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ۲۲، ﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﺓ ۷۶
٨
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ
ﺴﻨﺟ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺔﻠﺌﺴﻣﻴ ﻟﻭﺍ ﺍﺭ ﺖﻴﻦ ﻤﻓ ﺭﺎﺑﻴﻨﻴﺖﺴﺎﻫﻱ ﺪﻧﺩﺮﮐ ﺡﺮﻄﻣ ﻡﻭﺩ ﺝﻮﻣ . ﻠﺻﺍ ﺩﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍﻲ ﻧﺁ ﺎﻬ ﺮﺑ
ﺭﻻﺎﺳﺩﺮﻣﻱ ﻌﺒﺗ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻭ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻴﺾﺎﻫﻱ ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻲ ﺩﻮﺑ .ﺮﺑﻤﻫﻴﻦ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﻳﮑﻲ ﻪﺻﺮﻋ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫﻱ ﻢـﻬﻣ
ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺯﺭﺎﺒﻣﺩﺍﺪﻤﻠﻗ ﻣ ﻲﺪﺷ .ﻧﺁ ﺎﻬ ﻥﺎـﺑﺯ ﺔـﻤﻫ ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺩﺎﻘﺘﻋﺍ ﺎـﻫ ﻮـﺤﻧ ﻪـﺑﻱ ﺯﺍ ﺮـﻈﻧ
ﺴﻨﺟﻴﺘﻲ ﺩﺮﻣ ﺭﺍﺪﻣ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻴ ـﻌﺒﺗ ﻦﻴﺾ ﺎـﻫﻱ ﻧﺎـﺑﺯ ﻲ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﻥﺎـﻧﺯ ﺏﻮﮐﺮـﺳ ﺚـﻋﺎﺑ .
ﻤﻓ ﺕﺎﺿﺍﺮﺘﻋﺍﻴﻨﻴﺖﺴﺎﻫ ﺴﺑﻴﺭﺎﻱ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺯﺍ ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷﻲ ﻧﺎـﺑﺯ ﺕﺎﻓﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﻲ ﻥﺍﺩﺮـﻣ ﻭ ﻥﺎـﻧﺯ
ﻏﺮﺗﻴ ﺴﻨﺟ ﺔﻟﻮﻘﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺪﺷ ﺐﺒﺳ ﻭ ﺩﺮﮐ ﺐﻴ ﺩﻮـﺑ ﻩﺪـﻧﺎﻣ ﻝﻮﻔﻐﻣ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﻥﺁ ﺎﺗ ﻪﮐ ﺖ ﻭ ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ ـﻳﻩﮋﺍﻱ
ﺩﻮﺷ .ﺍﺮﺑﻱ ﻟﻭﺍ ﻴﻦ ﺑﺍﺭ ﺭﺎﺑﻴ ﻟ ﻦﻴ ﻑﺎﮑ)١٩٧٥ ( ﺏﺎﺘﮐ ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﺍ ﺎﺑ
ﺎﺟ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺑﺯﻳ ﻥﺎﻧﺯ ﻩﺎﮕ
ﺪﻨﭼ ﻭ ﻳ ﺔﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻦ
ﺩﻳﺮﮕ ﺪﺟ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑﻱ ﻠﻋ ﻭ ﻲﻤ ﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﺕﺎﻓﻼﺘﺧﺍﻲ ﺮﺸـﺗ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻧﺯ ﻳ ﺩﺮـﮐ ﺢ . ﺩﻮـﺑ ﺪـﻘﺘﻌﻣ ﻭﺍ
ﺕﺭﺪﻗ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻣ ﺭﺩﻴ ﻪﺑ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻧﺯ ﻥﺎ ﻧﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﻥﺪﻣﺁﺩﻮﺟﻭﻲ ﻪﻄﻠﺳ ﻭ ﻢﮐﺎﺣ ﺯﺍ ﺮﮔﻳﮏ ﻭ ﻮـﺳ
ﻧﺎﻧﺯﻲ ﻄﻣ ﻭ ﻊﺑﺎﺗ ﻴ ﺯﺍ ﻊﻮﺳﻱ ﺩ ﻳ ﻣ ﺮﮕﻲﻮﺷﺩ . ﻪـﺑ ﻉﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺒﺴـﻧ ﺭﻮـﻃﻲ ﺎﭘ ﻥﺎـﻧﺯ ﻳ ﻋﺎـﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻩﺎـﮕﻲ
ﻢﮐ ﺕﺎﺒﺛ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻭ ﺮﺗ ﺎﻫﻱﺮﺗﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ﻱﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ،ﺍﻳﺑ ﻦﻲﺗﺎﺒﺛﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻝﺰﻟﺰﺗ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻲ ﻥﺎـﻧﺁ
ﺏﺎﺗﺯﺎﺑﺭﻮﺧﺭﺩ ﻪﻈﺣﻼﻣ ﺍﻱ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ . ﺍﺮﻓ ﺭﺩﻳ ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺪﻨﻲ ﺍﺮﻓ ﻥﺎﻧﺯ ﻥﺪﺷﻣﻲ ﮔﻴ ﺏﻮﺠﺤﻣ ﺪﻧﺮ ، ﻭ ﺏﺩﺆﻣ
ﻢﮐ ﻣ ﻭ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻭﺭﻲ ﺎﺷ ﹰﻼﺻﺍ ﻪﻧﺎﻌﻃﺎﻗ ﺭﺎﺘﻔﮔ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺯﻮﻣﺁﻳ ﺔﺘﺴﻳﻧ ﻥﺯ ﮏﻴﺖﺴ. ﺮﺑﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺮـﮔ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﻳ ﺶ
ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻪﺑﺎﻫﻱ ﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﻲ ﻋﻮﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﻲ ﻤﻃﺍ ﻡﺪﻋ ﻴ ﻣ ﻁﺎﺒﻨﺘﺳﺍ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﻨﻲ ﺭﺎـﺘﻔﮔ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮـﺷ
ﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﻧﺯﻴ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﺘﺸ . ﻉﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺰﻴﻧﺯﺍ ﺤﺻ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻥﺎﻧﺯ ﻴﺢ ﺮﺗﻱ ﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺎﻈﺘﻧﺍ ﻳ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻦ
ﺧ ﻥﺎﻧﺁﻴﻠﻲ ﻩﮊﺍﻭ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﺎﻫﻱ ﻣﺎﻋ ﻴ ﻭ ﻪﻧﺎ ﻩﮊﺍﻮﺷﺩﺎﻫﻱ ﮐﺭ ﻴ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﮏ .»ﻩﮊﺍﻮﺷﺩ ﺎﻫ
ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺮﮐﺫ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻲﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲـﻘﻠﺗ ﺖﺴـﻳﺎﺷﺎﻧ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻭ ﻲﺒﻫﺬﻣ ،ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻅﺎﺤﻟ
ﻲﻣﺩﻮﺷ ... ﻩﮊﺍﻭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﺎﻧ ﻭ ﺶﺤﻓ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺍﺰﺳ ﻲـﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ﺭﺎﺑ ﺓﺪﻨﻫﺩ
ﺖﺳﺎﻬﻧﺁ«) ،ﺏﺎﺑﺭﺍ١٣٩١ :١٠٨ ـ١٠٩.(
ﻟﻴ ﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻑﺎﮑﻳ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﻧﺯ ﺭﺎﺘﻔﮔ ﮏﺒﺳ ﻦ" ﻌﺿ ﻥﺎﺑﺯﻴﻒ" ﻳ ﻣ ﺩﺎﻲ ﻠـﺻﺍ ﺖـﻠﻋ ﻭ ﺪـﻨﮐﻲ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺁ
ﻣ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﻂﻠﺴﺗﻲ ﻟﺩ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺍﺩﻴ ﺍ ﻞﻳ ﻪﻠﺴﻠﺳ ﺍﺭ ﻂﻠﺴﺗ ﻦ ﺒﻃ ﺐﺗﺍﺮﻣﻴﻌﻲ ﺴﻨﺟ ﻴ ﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﺖﻲ ﻣ ﻲﺪﻨﮐ . ﻪـﺑ
ﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﻧﺯ ﻭﺍ ﺮﻈﻧﻳ ﻧﺍﻮﺘﺑ ﺪ ﺎﻤﺣ ﺪﻨﻳ ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺔﺘﺷﺍﺪﻧ ﺖﻲﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻮﺳﻱﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺐﻠﺟ ﺩﻮﺧ .ﻪﺑ ـﻤﻫﻴﻦ ﻟﺩ ـﻴ ﻞ
ﺸﻨﻟﺩ ﺕﺎﻔﺻﻴ ﺑ ﻦﻴﺮﺘﺸﻱ ﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻪ ﻣ ﺭﺎﮐﻲ ﮔﻴﺪﻧﺮ ،ﻣ ﻑﺮﺣ ﻪﻧﺎﺑﺩﺆﻣﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻡﺎﻬﺑﺍ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻧﺯﻲﻮﺧ ﻳ ﺍﺭ ﺶ
ﺗﻼﻤﺟ ﺭﺩﻲ ﺳ ﻴ ﻭﺄﺗ ﻭ ﻝﺎﻳﻞﺬﭘﻳ ﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺮﻳ ﻥﺍﺮﮕ) ﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻝﻮﻗ ﻞﻘﻧﻴﻢ ( ﻤﮑﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻒﻄﻋ ﺎﺑﻴ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺁ ﻞ
ﻑﺮﻃﻥﺍﺮﮕﻳﺩ) ﻡﺎﻤﺗﺎﻧ ﺕﻼﻤﺟ (ﺗﺯﺎﺑﻣ ﺏﺎﻲﺪﻨﻫﺩ) ﺪﻤﺤﻣﻱﻞﺻﺍ ،١٣٨٨ :٢٢(.
ﺐﺷ ﻥﺎﻣﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻴﺴﻨﺟ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺔﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﺺﺻ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ۷-۲۶
٩
ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺔﻨﻴﺸﻴﭘ
ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻨﺔ ﻘﺤﺗ ﻴ ﺭﺩ ﺕﺎﻘﺍﻳﻦ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺍﻭﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻳ ﻫﺩ ﻞﺔ ﻣ ﺩﺎﺘﻔﻫ ﻴﺩﻼﻱ ﺮﺑ ﻣﻲﺩﺩﺮﮔ .ﭘﺎﺳﻴﺮ
١
)١٩٢٩( ،ﻭﺎﺒﻟ
٢
)١٩٧٢( ،ﺪــﻧﺮﺑ
٣
)١٩٧٥( ،ﺍﻮــﺑﻭﺩ
٤
ﭺﺍﺮــﮐ ﻭ
٥
)١٩٧٥( ،ﮔﺩﺍﺮﺗــﻴﻞ
٦
)١٩٨٣( ،ﻥﻭﺭﺎــﺑ
٧
)١٩٨٦( ،
ﻥﻭﺮﻣﺎﮐ
٨
) ١٩٨٩ (ﻭ ...ﺯﺍ ﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﻬﺟ ﻥﺍﺮﮕﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﺍ ﺭﻳ ﻣﺯ ﻦﻴﻪﻨ ﺪـﻧﺍ ) ﺭﺎـﻴﻋ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎـﻛﺩﺭﺍ ﻱﺭﻭﺍﺩ ،
١٣٨٧ :١٦٥(.
ﺮﮕﺴــﻋﻱ) ١٣٧٥( ،ــﺷﻮﻧﻴﻦﺮــﻓ )١٣٧٤( ،ﻕﺁ ﺮــﮔﺯﺮﺑ ﻪــﻌﻠﻗ)١٣٧٨( ،ــﺳﺭﺎﻓﻴ ﻥﺎ)١٣٧٨( ،
ﻥﺎﺟ ﺩﺍﮋﻧ)١٣٨٠ ( ﺳﺭﺪﻣ ﻭﻲ) ١٣٨٧ ( ﺎﺑ ﺰﻴﻧﻟﺄﺗﻴﻒﻥﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﻲﻳﺎﻫ ،ﺯﻭﺍ ـﻳﺎ ﺍﺭ ﻉﻮـﺿﻮﻣ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻳ
ﺩﺮﻛ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻲﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺭﺩﻩ ﺪﻧﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻲـﻠﻛ ﻲﻳﺎـﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻬﺟ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻤﺸﻳ
ﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺖﺳﺩﻪﺍﺪﻧ . ﻢﺠﻧ ﻥﻮﭼ ﻱﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﮕﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘﺩﺎﺑﺁﻱ) ١٣٧٧( ، ـﻠﻋﻲ ﺩﺍﮋـﻧ)١٣٨١( ، ـﻨﻤﻬﺑﻲ ﻭ
ﺑﺮﻗﺎﻱ) ١٣٩١( ﺭﺩ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﻲﺗﻻﺎﻘﻣ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻴﺴﻨﺟ ﺏﺎﺑﻪ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﻭ ﻪـﻧﺎﻧﺯ ﻲﻧﺎـﺑﺯ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﺪﻴﺸﺨﺑ ﺎﻨﻏ ﻲﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﺍﺩﺮﻣﻩﺍﺪﻧ.
ﻮﻧﻳ ﻥﺎﻣﺭ ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻨﺴ ﺍﺮﺑ ﻱ ﺍ ﻳ ﻮﺘﺑ ﻪﮑﻨ ﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻨﻧﺍﻲ ﺼﺨﺷ ﺎﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﺘﻣ ﻴ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻥﺎﻧﺎﻣﺮﻬﻗ ﺖ
ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ،ﺎﺑﻳ ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﺎﺑ ﹰﻼﻣﺎﮐ ﺪ ﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﺹﺎﺧ ﻱﺎﻫﻲ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﺎﻨﺷﺁ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻧﺯ ؛ ﺩ ﺕﺭﺎـﺒﻋ ﻪﺑﻳ ﺮـﮕ ﺪـﻳﺎﺑ
ﺼﺨﺷ ﻱﺍﺮﺑﻴﺖﺎﻫﻱ ﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺯ ﻲ ﺍﺮﺑ ﻭ ﻪﻧﺎﻧﺯ ﻱ ﺼﺨﺷ ﻴﺖﺎﻫﻱ ﺩﺮﻣ ﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﺯﺍﻲ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻪﻧﺍﺩﺮﻣ
)ﻱﺮﻗﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻲﻨﻤﻬﺑ ، ١٣٩١ :٤٥(.
ﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺍ ﻪﻳ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻪﮑﻨﺎﻫﻱ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷﻳﻣﺯ ﻦﻴﻪﻨ ،ﺭﺎﺘﻔﮔ ﺓﺯﻮﺣ ﻪﺑﻱ ﺹﺎﺼـﺘﺧﺍ ﻥﺎـﺑﺯ
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ، ﺍ ﺭﺩﻳ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﻲﻣ ﻢﻴﺷﻮﻛﻋ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻴﻨﻲﺮﺑ ﻭ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﻳﻪ ﻱﺎﻫﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺳﺎﻨﺷﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ،ﻲ ﺎﺑ
ﮑﺗﻴ ﻐﺘﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻪﻴﺎﻫﺮﻲﻳ ﻌﻣ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﻥﻮﭼ ﻴﺭﺎ ، ﻪﻧﺍﺮﻣﺁ ﺕﻼﻤﺟ ،ﻪﻤﻟﺎﮑﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺘﮐﺭﺎﺸﻣ ﻲ ﺘﺑﺎـﻗﺭ ﻭ ،ﻲ
ﻌﻃﺎﻗﻴ ﻘﻧﺍ ﻭ ﺖﻴﺩﺎ ﻥﺎﻣﺭ
ﺐﺷﺎﻫﻱ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ
ﻠﻋ ﻪﻟﺍﺰﻏ ﺔﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﻴ ﻩﺩﺍﺰ ﺍﺭﺍﺮﺑﻱ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻳﺑﺎﻲ ﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻴ ﺛﺄﺗ ﻥﺍﺰﻴ ﺮ
ﺴﻨﺟﻴ ﻮﻧ ﺖﻳ ﺮـﺿ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺮﺑ ﻩﺪﻨﺴﻳ ﻘﻓﻮـﻣ ﺐﻴ ﻞﮑـﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺶﺘ ـﻫﺩﻲ ﻧﺎـﺑﺯ ﻲ ﺎـﺑ ﺐـﺳﺎﻨﺘﻣ
ﺴﻨﺟﻴ ﺼﺨﺷ ﺖﻴﺖﺎﻫ ﺳﺭﺮﺑﻲ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻢﻴﻨﻛﺎﻬﻧﻳ ﺎﺘﻧ ﺖﻳ ﻪﺑ ﺞ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺍﺭﻠﺤﺗﻴ ﺯﺭﺍ ﻭ ﻞ ـﻳﺑﺎﻲ ﻢﻴـﻨﻛ .
ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺎﻤﻧ ﻪﺘﻔﮔﺎﻧﻟﻴ ﭘ ﻭ ﻑﺎﮑﻴ ﻥﻮﺘﻨﻐﺘﻣﻴﺎﻫﺮﻱ ﺩﻳﺮﮕﻱ ﺍﺭﻧﻴﺰ ﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻳ ﺡﺮﻄﻣ ﻩﺯﻮﺣ ﻦﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﺪﻧﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ
ﻟﺩﻴ ﻧﻻﻮﻃ ﻞﻲ ﺑ ﻥﺪﺷﻴ ﻧﺁ ﻪـﺑ ﻦﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮـﭘ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﺪﺣ ﺯﺍ ﺶ ﺎـﻬ ﺏﺎـﻨﺘﺟﺍ ﻢﻳﺩﺮـﻛ . ـﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪـﺘﺒﻟﺍﻲ
ﻐﺘﻣﻴﺎﻫﺮﻱ ﺑﺰﻣ ﺴﺑ ﺭﻮﻴﺭﺎﻱ ﻨﺑ ﺕﺎﻓﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻴﺩﺎﻳ ﺮـﺛﺍ ﺔـﻧﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﻭ ﻪـﻧﺎﻧﺯ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻦ ﺖـﺤﺗ ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
ﻣ ﻦﺷﻭﺭﻲﺩﺯﺎﺳ .
ﻫﺎﮕﻧﻲﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻠﻋ ﻪﻟﺍﺰﻏ ﻴﻩﺩﺍﺰ
ﻪﻟﺍﺰﻏ ﻠﻋ ﻴﻩﺩﺍﺰ ﺭﺩ ٢٧ ﻦﻤﻬﺑ ١٣٢٥ ﺭﺩﺎﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻱ ﻮﻧ ﻭ ﺮﻋﺎﺷ ﻳﻩﺪﻨﺴ ﺪﻬﺸﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺩﺍﺯ ﺪﺷ. ﺼـﺤﺗ ﻴ ﺕﻼ
ﻟﻭﺍﻴﻪ ﺍﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺑﺩﻴﻥﺎﺘﺳﺮ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍﻲ ﺘﺴﻬﻣﻲ ﻪﺑ ﺎﭘﻳﻥﺎ ﺮﺑﺩ . ﺍﺮﺑ ﺲﭙﺳﻱ ﺼﺤﺗ ﺔﻣﺍﺩﺍ ﻴ ﻥﺍﺮـﻬﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻞ
ﻝﺎﺳ ،ﻲﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺩﺍ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ۲۲، ﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﺓ ۷۶
١٠
ﺳ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﺔﺘﺷﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺪﻣﺁﻴﺳﺎﻲ ﻟ ﻴ ﺕﺪﻣ ﻭ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺲﻧﺎﺴ ﺎﻫ ﺭﺎـﭘ ﻪـﺑ ﺪﻌﺑﻳ ﻩﺎﮕﺸـﻧﺍﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺖـﻓﺭ ﺲ
ﻭ ﻪﻔﺴﻠﻓ ﺔﺘﺷﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻦﺑﺭﻮﺳﺳﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺩﺮﮐ ﻞ) ﻣﺍﻴﻦ ،١٣٨٤ :١٨٢(.
ﻪﺼﻗ ﺭﺎﮐ ﻪﮐ ﻩﺎﺠﻨﭘ ﻭ ﻞﻬﭼ ﺔﻫﺩ ﺭﺩﻮﻧﻳﺴﻲ ﺎﻓﻮﮑﺷ ﺝﻭﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻳ ﺳﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻴ ﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺪ ، ﻧ ﻭﺍ ـﻴ ﺰﻳ ـﮑﻲ
ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﺯﺍﻳ ﻮﻧ ﻥﺎﻧﺯ ﻦﻳ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﻥﺁ ﺓﺪﻨﺴﻳﮑﻲﻥﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺟ ﻳﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﻮﻧ ـﻳﺴﻲ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎـﻧﺯ
ﺍﻳ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﺮ ﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﻣ ﻲﺪﻣﺁ .ﻟﺎﻌﻓﻴ ﺑﺩﺍ ﺖﻲ ﺳﺍﺩ ﭖﺎﭼ ﺎﺑ ﻞﻬﭼ ﺔﻫﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺵﺍﻥﺎﺘ ﺎـﻫﻳ ﻪـﻠﺠﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺶ ﺎـﻫ ﻭ
ﻮﺒﻄﻣ ﺩﺮـﮐ ﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﺶﻫﺎﮔﺩﺍﺯ ﺕﺎﻋ . ﺭﺩﻧﻴ ﺘﺴـﺨﻧ ﻞـﻬﭼ ﺔـﻫﺩ ﻡﻭﺩ ﺔـﻤﻴ ﺔـﻣﺎﻧﺯﻭﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻧﺎﺘـﺳﺍﺩ ﻦ
ﻥﺎﺳﺍﺮﺧ
ﺪﺷ ﺮﺸﺘﻨﻣ . ﺭﺩ١٣٥٥ ﻟﻭﺍ ﻴ ﻡﺎﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺵﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻦ
ﻨﺘﺷﺬﮔﺎﻧ ﺮﻔﺳﻲ
ﺪـﻌﺑ ﻝﺎـﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻭ
ﺪﻨﻠﺑ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍﺩ
ﻥﺎﺘﺴـﺑﺎﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺪـﻌﺑ
ﺪﻧﺎـﺳﺭ ﭖﺎـﭼ ﻪـﺑ ﺍﺭ . ﻥﺎـﻣﺭ ﻭﺍ
ﻩﺮـﻈﻨﻣ ﻭﺩ
ﻝﺎـﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ١٣٦٣ ﻭ
ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ
ﻩﺍﺭﺭﺎﻬﭼ
ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ١٣٧٣ﺖﺷﻮﻧ .
ﻥﺎﻣﺭ
ﺭﺩﺍ ﺔﻧﺎﺧﻳﺴﻲ ﺎﻫ
ـﺑ ﻪﮐﻴ ﻝﺎـﺳ ﻦ ﺎـﻫﻱ١٣٧١-١٣٧٠ ﺪـﺷ ﻪﺘـﺷﻮﻧ ، ﻮﺼـﺗﻳ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻮـﺧﺮﺑ ﺮ
ﻣﺁﺭﺩﻴ ﺩﺎﻋ ﻡﺩﺮﻣ ﻭ ﻑﺍﺮﺷﺍ ﺔﻘﺒﻃ ﻭﺩ ﻦﺘﺨﻱ ﺯﺍ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺏﻼﻘﻧﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺑﻴﻦ ـﺑ ﺯﺮـﻣ ﻦﺘـﻓﺭﻴ ﻧﺁ ﻦ ﺎـﻬ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ . ﻫﺎﮔ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍﺩﻲ ﻪﺑ ﻫﺎﮔ ﻭ ﺖﻋﺮﺳﻲ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻨﮐﻱ ـﭘ ﻴ ـﻣ ﺶﻲ ﻧﺎﺘـﺳﺍﺩ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎـﺳ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺭﻲ ﺵﺍ
ﺴﺑﻴ ﺭﺎﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺎﻨﺑ ﻢﮑﺤﻣ) ﻳﻧﺍﺩﺰﻲﻡﺮﺧ ،١٣٨٨ :٣٤.(
ﻥﺎﻣﺭ
ﺐﺷﺎﻫﻱ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ
ﺍﻭﺭ ﻳ ﻑﺍﺮﺷﺍ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭﺩ ﺖﻩﺯﺎﺗ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺍﺯ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﺭﻭﺩ ـﺳﺭﻴ ﻪـﮐ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻪـﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺓﺪ
ﺮﻫ ﺪـﻧﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﺕﻭﺮـﺛ ﻭ ﻩﺎـﻓﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻭﺩ . ﻑﺍﺮـﺷﺍﻩﺩﺍﺯ ﺎـﻫ ﺎﭘ ﻭ ﺖﻟﺎـﺻﺍﺎﺑﻳ ـﻗﻼﺧﺍ ﻝﻮـﺻﺍ ﻪـﺑ ﺪـﻨﺒﻲ ﻭ
ﻩﺯﺎﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﺭﻭﺩ ﺳﺭﻴﻩﺪ ﺎﻫ ﻝﻮﭘ ﺎﺑﺘﺳﺮﭘﻲ ﻭ ﺹﺮﺣ ﻭ ... ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﻩ ﺪـﻧﺍ .ﺍ ـﻳ ﺪﺼـﺸﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎـﻣﺭ ﻦ
ﻪﺤﻔﺻ ﻝﺎﺳﺎﻫﻱﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻩﺎﺠﻨﭘ ﻭ ﻞﻬﭼ ﺔﻫﺩ ﺮﺧﺁ ﻲﺪﻫﺩ .
ﻠﻋﻴ ﺩﺮﮐ ﺝﺍﻭﺩﺯﺍ ﺭﺎﺑﻭﺩ ﻩﺩﺍﺰ ﻪﮐ ﻭﺩﺮﻫ ﺍﺪﺟ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺎﺑﻳﻲ ﺪـﺷ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ . ﻲﮔﺪـﻧﺯ ﺵﺍ ﺩ ـﻳﺮﻱ ﺎﭙﻧ ﻳ ـﻴﺪ ﻭ
ﺑ ﺐﺒﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍﺮﺳﻴﺭﺎﻤﻱ ﻥﺎﻃﺮـﺳ ﺖـﻔﮔ ﺕﺎـﻴﺣ ﺩﻭﺭﺪـﺑ ﻪﺒﻨـﺷﻭﺩ ﺯﻭﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ٢٤/٢/١٣٧٥ ﺭﺩ
ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻣﺮﻨﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﻮﮔﻣﺍ ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺮﭙﺳ ﮎﺎﺧ ﻪﺑ ﺝﺮﮐ ﺮﻫﺎﻃ ﻩﺩﺍﺰﻣﺎ) ﻠﺳﻮﺗ ،ﻲ١٣٨٥ :٨٧.(
ﺐﺷ ﻥﺎﻣﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻧﺯ ﻥﺎﺑﺯﺎﻫﻱﺯﺍ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺮﻈﻧﺳﺎﻨﺷﻲ
ﺍ ﺭﺩﻳ ﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﺕﺎﻓﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﻲ ﺼﺨﺷ ﻴﺖﺎﻫﻱ ﻥﺎـﻣﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺮـﻣ ﻭ ﻥﺯ
ﺐـﺷ ﺎـﻫﻱ ﻥﺍﺮـﻬﺗ
ﺮـﻈﻨﻣﺯﺍ
ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺳﺎﻨﺷﻲ ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻲ ﻣ ﻲﺩﻮﺷ .ﺍﺮﺑﻱ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻳﺑﺎﻲ ﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻳ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻦ ، ﺍﺪـﺘﺑﺍﻳ ﻪـﺘﻓﺎ ﺎـﻫﻱ ﮋـﭘ ﺶﻫﻭ ﺎـﻫﻱ
ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻦ ، ـﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﻥﺎـﺑﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻪﭼﻲ ﻠﮕﻧﺍ ﻥﺎـﺑﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻪـﭼ ﻭ ـﻴﺴ ،ﻲ ـﻣ ﻩﺩﺭﻭﺁﻲ ﺩﻮـﺷ ؛ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺲﭙـﺳ ﺎـﻫﻱ
ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳﺩ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺭ ﻦﺘﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁﻳ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷﻲ ﻣ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺖﻘﺑﺎﻄﻣ ﻲﺩﻮﺷ .ﺭﺩﺎﻬﻧﻳ ﻪـﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺖ
ﻣﻴ ﺼﺨﺷ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺖﻘﺑﺎﻄﻣ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﺖﺎﻫﻱ ﻌﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺭ ﻴﺎﻫﺭﺎﻱ ﻪﻧﺎﻧﺯ ﻭ ﻪﻧﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﻘﻓﻮﻣ ـﻴ ﻮﻧ ﺖ ـﻳ ﻩﺪﻨﺴ
ﺍ ﺭﺩﻳﺩﺎﺠﺑﺯ ﻧﺎﻲﺴﻨﺟ ﺎﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﺘﻣ ﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﺖﻴﺖ ﺎﻫﺯﺭﺍﻳﺑﺎﻲﻣ ﻲﺩﺩﺮﮔ.
ﺐﺷ ﻥﺎﻣﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻴﺴﻨﺟ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺔﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﺺﺻ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ۷-۲۶
١١
ﻌﻣ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐﻴﺭﺎ ،ﻣﺎﻋﻴﻪﻈﻓﺎﺤﻣ ﻭ ﻪﻧﺎ ﻪﻧﺍﺭﺎﮐ
ﺎﻤﺗ ﻡ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺎﻫﺍﺭﺍﺩﻱ ﻌﻣ ﻞﮑﺷ ﻴ ﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺭﺎﻳ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺮﮕ ﺎـﻫﻱ ﻧﺁ ﺎـﻬ ﻪـﻬﺟﻭ ﺯﺍ ﺭﺎـﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﻭ
ﺑﻴﺮﺘﺸﻱ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ . ﻌﻣ ﻞﮑﺷﻴ ﺏﺎﺘﮐ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺎﺎﻫ ،ﻪﻧﺎﺳﺭﺎﻫ ،ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺯﻭﺭﺎﻫ ،ﻮﺒﻄﻣ ﻭ ﺕﺎـﻋ ...
ﻪﺑ ﻣ ﺭﺎﮐﻲ ﺩﻭﺭ .ﺭﺩ ﻌﻣ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﻣﻴﺭﺎ ،ﻮﮔﻳﺶ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺠﻬﻟ ﻭﺎﻫﻱ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ، ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﺒﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﻣﻲ
ﻳ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺎﺎﻫﻱ ﻮﻗ ﻲﻣ ﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻭﻲ ﻪـﻘﺒﻃ ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺼﺤﻨﻣ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ـﻳ ﻩﻭﺮـﮔ ﺎ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﺹﺎﺧ . ﺍ ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐﻳ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻦﺎﻫﻱ ﻣﺎﻋ ﻴ ﻋﻮﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻑﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻧﺎﻲﺐﻘﻋ ﺮﺑ ﮔﺪﻧﺎﻣﻲ ﻧﺁ ﺎﻬ
ﻣ ﻞﻤﺣﻲﺩﻮﺷ .ﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑﻳ ﻪﺑﺩﻮﺧ ﻦ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍﻱ ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺖﻟﺰﻨﻣ ﻪﮐ ﻲ ﺎﭘ ﻴﻳﻦﺮﺗﻱ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ،ﺍﺮﺑﻱ ﺐﺴـﮐ
ﺎﺟﻳ ﻻﺍﻭ ﻩﺎﮕﻱ ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻲ ﻌﻣ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﻪﺑ ﻴ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﺔﻬﺟﻭ ﺯﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺭﺎﻱ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻣ ﺏﺮﻘﺗﻲﻮﺟﻳﺪﻨ . ﻪﺑ
ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ،ﻲﻧﺁﺯﺍﺎﺠ ﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐﻴ ﻊﻣﺍﻮﺟ ﺮﺘﺸ ، ﺎﻘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎـﻧﺯ ـﻳ ﻥﺍﺩﺮـﻣ ﺎـﺑ ﻪﺴﺎﺟﻳ ﻩﺎـﮕ
ﻤﺘﺟﺍﻋﺎﻲ ﺎﭘ ﻴﻳﻦﺮﺗﻱ ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﻲ ﺤﺻ ﻴﺢ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻭ ﺮﺗ ﺮـﺗﻱ ـﻣ ﺭﺎـﻈﺘﻧﺍ ﻲﺩﻭﺭ،
ﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭﻲ ﻧ ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ﻴ ﻪﻧ ﺰ ﻨﺗ ﺎﻬ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﺕﻭﺎـﻔﺘﻣ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﺎﺑ، ـﺑ ﻪـﮑﻠﺑﻪ ﻛﺭﻮـﻃﻠﻲ ﻋﺎـﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺮـﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻲ ﺯﺍ
ﻞﮑﺷ ﺎﻫﻱ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﻳﺤﺻ ﺎﻴﺢﺮﺗﻱﺖﺳﺍ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ .
ﺳﺎﺴﺣﻴ ﻞﮑﺷ ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻧﺯ ﺖﺎﻫﻱ ﻌﻣ ﻴ ﻪـﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺐﺒﺳ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺭﺎ ﻧﺁ ﺎـﻬ ﻧﺎـﺑﺯ ﺭﺎـﺘﻓﺭﻲ
ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺤﻣ ﺮﺗﺭﺎﮐﻱ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺎﻫﻱ ﺪﺟ ﻳ ﺪﻳ ﻏ ﺎﻴ ﻋﻮﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺮﺒﺘﻌﻣﺮﻲ ﺎﭘ ﺕﺎﻘﺒﻃ ﺎﺑ ﻴﻳ ﻦ
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺪـﻨﻨﮐ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘـﺳﺍ ﺮـﺘﻤﮐ ؛ﺭﺩ ﻟﺎـﺣﻲ ﺕﺭﻮـﺻ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘـﺳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺩﺮـﻣ ﻪـﮐ ﺎـﻫﻱ
ﻏﻴﺮﺒﺘﻌﻣﺮ ، ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺤﻣ ﺮﺘﻤﮐﺭﺎﮐﻱﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻲﺪﻨﻫﺩ . ﺍﺮﺑﺎـﻨﺑﻳ ﻪـﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺩﺮـﻣ ﻦ ﮔﺭﺎـﮐﻴﺮﻱ ﺵﺮﺘﺴـﮔ ﻭ
ﺑﺖﻋﺪ ﺎﻫ ﻳ ﻭ ﺎﻳﮔﮋﻲﺎﻫﻱ ﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﻲ ﻏ ﻴ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺒﺘﻌﻣﺮﺭﻮﻃﻠﮐﻲ ﭘ ﻴ ﺮﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻭﺮﺸ ﺳﺎﺴﺣ ﺲﮑﻋﻴ ﺑ ﺖﻴ ﺮﺘﺸ
ﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻧﺯﻲ ﺩﻮﺧ ، ﭘ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﻧﺁﻴ ﻭ ﺵﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻭﺮﺸﻳ ـﮔﮋﻲ ﺎـﻫﻱ ﻧﺎـﺑﺯ ﺮـﺒﺘﻌﻣ ﻲ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﺧﺎـﺳ
)ﺷﻮﻧﻴﻦﺮﻓ ،١٣٨١ :١٨٦(. ﮔﺩﺍﺮﺗ ـﻴ ﻞ ﺓﺭﺎـﺑﺭﺩ ﻮﮔ ﺓﺩﺎﻔﺘـﺳﺍ ـﻳ ﺕﺭﻮـﺻ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺯ ﻥﺍﺭﻮﺸ ﺎـﻫﻱ ﻭ ﺮـﺘﻬﺑ
ﺖﺳﺭﺩﻣ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺮﺗﻲﻮﻧﻳﺪﺴ:
ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻖﺒﻃ ﹰﻻﻭﺍﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ،ﻲ ﺑ ﻥﺎﻧﺯﻴ ﻩﺎـﮔﺁ ﺩﻮـﺧ ﺖـﻟﺰﻨﻣ ﻭ ﻡﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺶ
ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ،ﻪﺑ ﻤﻫﻴﻦ ﻟﺩﻴ ﻧﺁ ﻞ ﺎﻬ ﻤﻫﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧﻴ ﻋﺎـﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺖﻲ ﻐﺘﻣ ﻴ ﺎـﻫﺮﻱ ﻧﺎـﺑﺯ ﻲ ﺔـﻘﺒﻃ ﻪـﺑ ﻁﻮـﺑﺮﻣ
ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍﻲ ﺱﺎﺴﺣ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺮﺗ ،ﻧﺎﺛﻴ ﻋﺍﺪﺗ ﻪﮐ ﺮﮔﺭﺎﮐ ﺔﻘﺒﻃ ﺭﺎﺘﻔﮔ ﹰﺎﻲ ـﺘﺨﻣﺯ ﺓﺪـﻨﻨﮐﻲ ﻭ ﺖـﺳﺍ ـﻳ ﮏ
ﺼﺧﻴ ﻣ ﺏﻮﺴﺤﻣ ﻪﻧﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﺔﺼﻲﺷ ﮕﻧﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﻭ ﺩﻮﻲ ﻢﻫ ﻥﺁ ﺎﺑ ﻧﺍﻮﺧﻲ ﺑ ﻴﺮﺘﺸﻱ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ، ﺍﺭ ﻥﺍﺩﺮـﻣ
ﺍﻭﻣﻲﺑ ﺩﺭﺍﺩﻴﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻧﺯ ﺯﺍ ﺶ ﺎﻫﻱﻏ ﻴﺮﻌﻣﻴﺎﻤﺗ ﺭﺎﻳﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻞ) ﮔﺩﺍﺮﺗﻴﻞ ،١٣٧٦ :١١٥ .(
ﺎﭘ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺪﻘﺘﻌﻣ ﻭﺍﻴﻳﻦ ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺖﻟﺰﻨﻣ ﻭ ﺭﺪﻗ ﻥﺩﻮﺑﻲ ﺍ ﻭ ﻉﺎـﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻧﺯ ﻳ ﻧﺁ ﻪـﺑ ﻪـﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻪـﮑﻨ ﺎـﻬ
ﻤﻧ ﻩﺯﺎﺟﺍﻲ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻫﺩﺮﻃﻳ ﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻖﻴ ﺩﺎﺼـﺘﻗﺍ ِﺖﻱ ﺍﺮـﺑ ﺭﺎـﮐ ﺭﺍﺯﺎـﺑ ﻪـﺑ ﺩﻭﺭﻭ ﻭ ﻱ ﺖـﻟﺰﻨﻣ ﻭ ﻥﺄـﺷ ﺩﻮـﺧ
ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍﻲ ﺍ ﻳﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺩﺎﺠ ،ﻲﻣ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺩﻮﺷﺩﺎﻤﻧ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣﻳﻩﺮﻬﭼ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻦ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﻭ ﺍﺮـﺑﻱ ﻻﺎـﺑ ﻥﺩﺮﺑ
ﺎﺟﻳﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻩﺎﮕﻲ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ .
ﻝﺎﺳ ،ﻲﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺩﺍ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ۲۲، ﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﺓ ۷۶
١٢
ﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻳ ﺍﺮﺑ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻱ ﻌﻣ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ﻴ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺤﻣ ﻭ ﺭﺎﻪﻧﺍﺭﺎﮐ ، ﻐﺘﻣ ﻭﺩﻴ ﻩﮊﺍﻮﺷﺩ ﺮ ﺎﻫ ﺕﺎـﻤﻠﮐ ﻭ
ﺏﺮﺿ ﻭﻞﺜﻤﻟﺍﺎﻫﻱ ﻣﺎﻋ ﻴ ﻥﺎﻣﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻪﻧﺎ ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻲ ﻩﺩﺮﮐ ﺍﻳﻢ . ﺎﭘ ﹰﺎﻤﻠﺴﻣﻴﻳﻦ ﻣ ﻥﺩﻮﺑﻴ ﺍ ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎـﮐ ﻥﺍﺰ ـﻳ ﻦ
ﻐﺘﻣﻴﺎﻫﺮ ،ﺭﺎﺠﻨﻫﻳﻪﻈﻓﺎﺤﻣ ﻭ ﻦﺭﺎﮐ ﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﻥﺩﻮﺑﻲﺪﻫﺩ.
ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺭﺩﺎﻫﻱ ﭘ ﻴﺸﻴﻦ ﺮﻈﻧﺭﺩ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﻠﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔﻲ ﻈﻧ ﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺔﻘﺒﻃ ﺮ ،ﻲ
ﺩﺍﮋﻧ ﻩﻭﺮﮔﻱ ﻨﺳ ﻭ ،ﻲ ﭘ ﻥﺎﻧﺯﻴ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺘﺳﻮﺎﻫﻲﻳ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺭﺎﮐ ﻣ ﻲ ﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺮﺑﻴ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺯﺍ ﺶ ﺎﻫﻱ ﺩﺭﻮـﻣ
ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﺓﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻌﻣ ﺔﻧﻮﮔﻴ ﺩﺰﻧ ﺭﺎﻳ ـﮑﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ . ﺶﻫﻭﮋـﭘ ـﺳﺭﺪﻣﻲ) ١٣٦٨ ( ـﻣ ﻥﺎﺸـﻧﻲ ﺭﺩ ﺪـﻫﺩ
ﺳﺭﺎﻓﻲ ﻧﺍﺮﻬﺗ ،ﻲ ﺑ ﻥﺎﻧﺯﻴ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺮﺘﺸﺎﻫﻱ ﻈﻔﻠﺗ ﻲ ﻌﻣ ـﻴ ﻪـﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺭﺎ ـﻣ ﺭﺎـﮐﻲ ﺪـﻧﺮﺑ) ـﺳﺭﺪﻣ ،ﻲ١٣٦٨ :
١٦٦(. ﻥﺎﺟ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺩﺍﮋﻧ)١٣٨٠ (ﻧﻴ ﺑ ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﺰﻴ ﻩﮊﺍﻮﺷﺩ ﺮﺘﺸ ﺎﻫ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻮﮔ ﺐﻧﺎﺟﻳ ﺄﺗ ﺩﺮﻣ ﻥﺍﺭﻮﺸﻴﻳ ﺪ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﮐ) ﻥﺎﺟﺩﺍﮋﻧ،١٣٨٠ :١١٦(. ﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﻳ ﻣ ﺭﺎﻈﺘﻧﺍ ﻦﻲ ﻥﺎﻣﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺖﺤﺗﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ، ﻥﺎـﻧﺯ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ
ﻗ ﺭﺩﻴﻌﻣ ﺔﻧﻮﮔ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺎﺑ ﺱﺎﻴﺩﺰﻧ ﺭﺎﻳﮏﻪﻈﻓﺎﺤﻣ ﻭ ﺮﺗﺭﺎﮐﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺮﺗ .
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻩﮊﺍﻭ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻳﺎﻫﺎﻫﻱﻣﺎﻋ ﻴﻪﻧﺎ
]ﺷﻴﺩﺍﺯﺮ[ﭘ ﺖﻓﺭ ـﻴ ﺶﻳﻟﻭ ﺰﺒﻨﻠﺟ ﮏﻲﺖﺸﮔﺮﺑ ﻩﺭﺎﺑﻭﺩ ) ﻠﻋﻴﻩﺩﺍﺰ ،١٣٨٤ :٣٣(.
]ﮒﺭﺰﺑﺭﺩﺎﻣ[ﺒﺷ ﺍﺮﭼ ـﻴﺑ ﻪﻴﺯ ﺮﺳ ﺵﻮﻐﻳﻩﺩﺮﮐ ﻝﺎﺑ ﺮﺍﻱ ؟)ﻥﺎﻤﻫ :٢٠٥(.
]ﻥﺮﺘﺴﻧ ﺭﺩﺎﻣ[ﺍ ـﻱﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺵﺎﮐ ﻳﻫ ﻖﻤﺣﺍ ﻦﻴﺩﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺯ ﭻﻱﭘ ﻴﻤﻧ ﺍﺪﻲﻡﺩﺮﮐ) ﻥﺎﻤﻫ: ٢٩٢(.
]ﺩﺍﺰﻬﺑ[ ﻢﮔﺭﺰﺑﺭﺩﺎﻣ ـﻳ ﮏﻠﺗ ﮏ ﮑﻠﭘﻲ ﺍﺮﺑ ﻱ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺬﮔ ﻦﻣ ، ﺍ ﺎﺑﻳﻨ ﻻ ﻪﮑﻳ ﻡﺩﻮـﺒﻧ ﺶـﻘ) ﻥﺎـﻤﻫ :٥٠٤ (
ﻭ....
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧﺎﻫﻲﻳﻩﮊﺍﻮﺷﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫ
ﻏﻴﺮﮐﺭﻴﮏ:
]ﺮﺴﭘ[ﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﺮﺧﺮﺳ ﺯﺎﺑ ـﻱ ؟)ﻠﻋﻴﻩﺩﺍﺰ ،١٣٨٤ :١٩(.
]ﺷﻴﺩﺍﺯﺮ[ﺱﻭﺭ ﺮﮕﻣ ﻮﺷ ﻪﻔﺧ ـ ﺎﻫﺩﺁﻡﺪﻧﺍ) ﻥﺎﻤﻫ :٢٥(.
]ﺥﺮﻓ[ﺑ ـﻴﺖﻔﻣ ﻭ ﺭﺎﮑﻧ ﺭﻮﺧﻴ ؟ﺪﻨﻓﺎﺒﺑ ﺭﻭ ﻭ ﺮﺷ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺘﺴ)ﻥﺎﻤﻫ :٢٧(.
ﮐﺭﻴﮏ:
]ﺩﺮﻣ[ﺘﻗﻭ ـﻲﺑ ﻢﻫ ﺎﻤﺷ ﻡﺩﺮﻣ ﻦﻣ ﻴﺎﻴﻳ ﺪﻳﺳ ﻢﮑﺷ ﮏﻴﻡﺮﺒﻗ ﺮﺳ ﺮ] ...[) ﺎﻤﻫﻥ :٢١(.
]ﺷﻴﺩﺍﺯﺮ[ ﺍﺮﭼ ـﻤﻧﻲﻫﺩﻴﺍ ﺪﻳ ﻥﺎﮑﻠﭘ ﻦ[...]ﻤﻌﺗ ﺍﺭ ﻡﺍﺮﺣﻴ ؟ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺮ)ﻥﺎﻤﻫ :٤٧١(.
ﺐﺷ ﻥﺎﻣﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻴﺴﻨﺟ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺔﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﺺﺻ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ۷-۲۶
١٣
ﻝﻭﺪﺟ١.ﺎﻘﻣ ﻳﻌﻣ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺔﺴﻴﻪﻈﻓﺎﺤﻣ ﻭ ﺭﺎﺐﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﮐﺎﻫﻱﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ
ﻫﺎﮕﻧﻲ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﻪﺑ ١ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻣﻲﺪﻫﺩ ، ﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ٥/٦٢ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫﻱ ﻣﺎﻋ ﻴ ﻭ ﻪﻧﺎ٨٨/٧٣ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ
ﻩﮊﺍﻮﺷﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫﻥﺎﻧﺯ ﻭ ٥/٣٧ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫﻱﻣﺎﻋ ﻴﻭ ﻪﻧﺎ ١١/٢٧ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﮊﺍﻮﺷﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻩ ﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘـﺳﺍ
ﻩﺩﺮﮐ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺍﻳﻪﺘﻓﺎﺎﻫﻱﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺳﺎﻨﺷﻲﺴﻨﺟ ﻴﻢﻫ ﺖ ﻧﺍﻮﺧﻲﺩﺭﺍﺩ .
ﻳﻪﺘﻓﺎ ﺎﻫﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧﻲﺼﺨﺷ ﺪﻫﺩﻴﺖﺎﻫﻱﹰﺎﺒﻟﺎﻏ ﻥﺎﻣﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﻌﻣﻴﺭﺎ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﮐﺪﻧﺍ ﻭ ﻪﺑ ﺕﺭﺪﻧ
ﺕﺭﻮﺻﺎﻫﻱ ﻣﺎﻋﻴﺔﻧﺎ ﺭﺎﺘﻔﮔﻱ ﺍﺭ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺎﮐ ﻩﺩﺮﺑﺪﻧﺍ. ﻳﮑﻲﺯﺍ ﻻﺩﻳﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣﻣﻲﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ
ﻡﺎﻤﺗ ﺼﺨﺷﻴﺖﺎﻫﻱ ﻥﺎﻣﺭ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺕﺎﻘﺒﻃ ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍﻲ ﻻﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻪﹼﻓﺮﻣ ﻪـﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺍﺩﻱ ﺼـﺤﺗﻴﺕﻼ
ﻟﺎﻋﻲ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ؛ﺼﺨﺷﻴﺖ ﺎﻫﻱ ﻠﺻﺍﻲ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍﺩ ﮕﻤﻫﻲ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺼﺤﺗﻴﺕﻼ ﻻﺎﺑﻲﻳﺍﺩ ﺪﻧﺭ ،ﺑﻱﺍﺮ ﻝﺎـﺜﻣ
ﺩﺍﺰﻬﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺮﻣﻳﺎﮑ ﺷﺎﻘﻧﻲ ﻩﺪﻧﺍﻮﺧ ،ﮒﺭﺰﺑﺭﺩﺎﻣ ﻳﺎ ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ﻢﻧﺎﺧ ﻢﺠﻧ ﻳﮑﻲ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﻜﻟﺎﻣﻭ ﻑﺍﺮﺷﺍ ﻥﺎـﮔﺩﺍﺯ
ﻭ ﺮﺒﮐﺍ ﺷﻴﺩﺍﺯﺮ ﻦﺷﻭﺭﺮﮑﻓ ﻱﺑﻼﻘﻧﺍﻲ ﺖﺳﺍ.
ﺎﺑﻳﺪ ﺖﻔﮔ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﻥﺎﻣﺭ ﺣﺯﺍﻴﺚ ﻌﻣﻴﺭﺎ ﻭ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺤﻣﻥﺩﻮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ، ﺪﺣ ﺭﺩﻣﻟﻮﺒﻘﻲ ﻪﺑ ﺘﺳﺭﺩﻲ ﻭ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ
ﺎﺑ ﻠﮐﻴﻪﺸﺎﻫﻱ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺳﺎﻨﺷﻲﺍ ﻪﻧﺎﻧﺯ ﻭ ﻪﻧﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﻳﺩﺎﺠ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻭ ﺭﺎﮐ ﻮﻧﻳﻩﺪﻨﺴ ﺯﺍ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻘﻓﻮﻣﻴﺖﻣﺁ ـﻴﺰ
ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺖﺳﺍ .ﺯﺍﺩ ﻑﺮﻃﻳﺮﮕ ،ﺡﻭﺭ ﮕﻧﺎﻧﺯﻲ ﺮـﺑ ﻥﺎـﺑﺯ ﻥﺎﺘـﺳﺍﺩ ﻢﮐﺎـﺣ ﺖـﺳﺍ ؛ﻟﺩ ـﻴﻞ ﺍ ـﻳﻦ ﻉﻮـﺿﻮﻣ ،
ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ﻪﮐ ﺭﻮﻃ ﺴﺑﻴﺭﺎﻱ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﻧ ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷﻴﺰ ﺩﺎﻘﺘﻋﺍ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ،ﺍﺮﮔﻳﺶ ﺗﺍﺫﻲ ﻥﺎﻧﺯ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻋﺭﻳﺖ ﺏﺩﺍ ﺭﺩ
ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭﻱ ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍﻲﺖﺳﺍ ﻭ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻧﺎﺑﺯﻲ ﻢﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭﻱ ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍﻲ ﺯﺍ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻩﺪـﻋﺎﻗ ﻨﺜﺘﺴـﻣﺎ
ﻧﻴﺖﺴ .ﻥﺎﻧﺯ ﻪﺑ ﺎﺟﻱﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻩﮊﺍﻮﺷﺩﺎﻫﻱ ﮐﺭﻴﮏ ﻭ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﮐﺭﻴﮏ ـ ﻪﮐ ﺯﺍﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎـﺑﺯ
ﻪﻧﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﺩﺍﺪﻤﻠﻗ ﻣﻲﺩﻮﺷ ـ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﮐﻪﻧ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﭼ ﺖﺷﺯ ﻭ ﺑﻲﻪﻧﺎﺑﺩﺍ ﺍﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻊﻗﺍﻮﻣ ﻡﻭﺰﻟ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺎﮐ ـﻣﻲ ﺪـﻧﺮﺑ .
ﺖﻗﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻩﮊﺍﻮﺷﺩﺎﻫﻱ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍﺩ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﻣﻲﺪﻨﮐ ﻪﮐ ﺮﺜﮐﺍ ﮊﺍﻮﺷﺩﻩﺎﻫﻱﺎﻧﺯ ﻥ ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﮐ ﻏﻴﺮﮐﺭﻴﮏ
ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ :ﻖﻤﺣﺍ ،ﻭ ﻥﺍﺩﺎﻧ ...ﺖﺳﺍ .ﻩﻭﻼﻋ ﺮﺑﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﮐ ﻣﺎﻋﻴﻪﻧﺎ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍﺩ ﺴﺑﻴﺭﺎ ﮎﺪﻧﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ ،
ﻪﮐﺑﻪ ﻨﺷﻭﺭﻲ ﺛﺄﺗﻴﺮ ﺴﻨﺟﻴﺖ ﻮﻧﻳﻩﺪﻨﺴ ﺍﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍﺩ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻣﻲﺩﺯﺎﺳ.
٢ .ﻪﻧﺍﺮﻣﺁ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ
ﻥﺎﺑﺯﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﻪﻧﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﺍﺭ ﺪﻨﻤﺗﺭﺪﻗ ﻭ ﺮﻣﺁ ،ﻭ ﻥﺎـﺑﺯ ﻪـﻧﺎﻧﺯ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻤﺣ ـﻳﺖ ﺐـﻠﻃ ﻭ ﺖﮐﺭﺎﺸـﻣ ﺍﺮـﮔ
ﺻﻮﺗﻴﻒ ﻣﻲﺪﻨﻨﮐ .ﻧﺁ ﺎﻬﺪﻧﺪﻘﺘﻌﻣ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻩﻭﺮﮔﺎﻫﻲﻳ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﮐ ﻪﺑ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﻠﺴـﻠﺳ ـﺒﺗﺍﺮﻣﻲ
ﺴﻨﺟﻴﺖ
ﻐﺘﻣ ﻴﺎﻫﺮ
ﺩﺮﻣ ﻥﺯ ﻞﮐ
ﻣﺎﻋ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﮐﻴﻪﻧﺎ ٥ ٣ ٨
ﺏﺮﺿﻞﺜﻤﻟﺍﺎﻫﻱﻣﺎﻋ ﻴﻪﻧﺎ ٠ ٠ ٠
ﻩﮊﺍﻮﺷﺩﺎﻫ ٦٣ ٨ ٧١
ﻝﺎﺳ ،ﻲﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺩﺍ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ۲۲، ﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﺓ ۷۶
١٤
ﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳﻥ ﻳﻪﺘﻓﺎ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻭ ﺋﺭﻴﺲ ﻳﺎ ﺮﺒﻫﺭ ﻩﻭﺮـﮔ ﺍﺮـﺑﻱ ﺕﺎـﺒﺛﺍ ﺶﺗﺭﺪـﻗ ﺮـﺑ ﻭ ﻩﻭﺮـﮔ ﻥﺁ ﻝﺮـﺘﻨﮐ ،ﺯﺍ
ﺕﺭﻮﺻﺎﻫﻱ ﻮﻗﻱ ﺭﻮﺘﺳﺩﻱ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ـﻣﻲ ﺪـﻨﮐ . ﻭﻼـﻋﻩ ﺍﺮـﺑﻳﻦ، ﹰﺎـﺒﻟﺎﻏ ﻥﺍﺩﺮـﻣ ﻪﻄﻠـﺳ ﺐـﻠﻃ ﻭ ﺭﺩ
ﺕﺎﻤﻟﺎﮑﻣ ﺭﺩ ﭘﻲ ﻪﺒﻠﻏ ﺮﺑ ﻢﻫﺖﺒﺤﺻ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻥﺩﺍﺩ ﺮﺗﺮﺑﻱﺩﻮﺧ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ. ﺍﻳﻦ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻣﻲﺩﻮﺷ ﻥﺎﻧﺁ
ﺑﻴﺮﺘﺸ ﺯﺍ ﺕﺭﻮﺻﺎﻫﻱ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺔﻧﺍﺮﻣﺁ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ؛ﺎﻣﺍ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻩﻭﺮﮔﺎﻫﻱ ﻪﻧﺎﻧﺯ ﻏﻴﻠﺴﻠﺳﺮﻪ ﺒﺗﺍﺮﻣﻲ
ﻭ ﻨﺘﺒﻣﻲ ﺮﺑ ﺖﮐﺭﺎﺸﻣ ﻭ ﺮﺸﺗﻳﮏ ﻌﻤﺟﻲ ﺖﺳﺍ. ﻥﺎﻧﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻪـﻤﻟﺎﮑﻣ ﺎـﻫ ـﭘﺭﺩﻲ ﺭﺍﺮـﻗﺮﺑﻱ ﻞـﻣﺎﻌﺗ ﻭ
ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺩﻳﻥﺍﺮﮕ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ. ﺍﻳﻦ ﻞـﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﺚـﻋﺎﺑ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻥﺎـﻧﺁ ﻪـﺑ ﺎـﺟﻱ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘـﺳﺍ ﺯﺍ
ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺘﺳﺩ ﻘﺘﺴﻣﻴﻢ ،ﺑﻴﺮﺘﺸ ﻥﺎﺷﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﺍﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻮﻃ ﭘﻴﺩﺎﻬﻨﺸﻱ ﻳﺎ ﻏﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣﺮﻴﻢ ﺡﺮﻄﻣ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ .
ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺘﺳﺩ ﻪﻧﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﻪﮐ ﻘﺘﺴﻣﻴﻢ ﺑﻴﻥﺎ ﻣﻲﺩﻮﺷ ﻭ ﺎﺑ ﻢﹼﮑﺤﺗ ﺪﺷﻳﺪ ﻩﺍﺮﻤﻫ ﺖﺳﺍ ،ﺮﻣﺍ ﺪﺸﺗﻳﺪﻱ
ﻭ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺘﺳﺩ ﻪﻧﺎﻧﺯ ﻪﮐ ﺑﻴﺮﺘﺸ ﻪﺑ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﭘﻴﺩﺎﻬﻨﺸﻱ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺴﻣﺮﻘﺘﻴﻢ ﺡﺮﻄﻣ ﻣﻲﺩﻮﺷ ،ﺮﻣﺍ ﺪﻌﺗﻳﻠﻲ
ﺎﻧﻡﺭﺍﺬﮔﻱ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺖﺳﺍ ؛ ﺔﻠﻤﺟ ﹰﻼﺜﻣ»ﺩﺮﮔﺮﺑ ﺎﺧﻪﻧ « ﺪﺸـﺗ ﺮﻣﺍﻳﺪﻱ ﺔـﻠﻤﺟ ﻭ» ﺮـﮔﺍ ﻖـﻓﺍﻮﻣ ـﺷﺎﺑﻲ
ﺩﺮﮔﺮﺑﻳﻢ ﺎﺧﻪﻧ« ﺔﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺪﻌﺗﻳﻞ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻭ ﺔﻧﺎﻣﺮﺘﺤﻣ ﻥﺁ ﺖﺳﺍ.
ﺴﻨﺟ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﻴ ﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺖﻲ ﺑ ﻥﺍﺩﺮـﻣ ﺪـﻫﺩ ـﻴ ﺕﺭﻮـﺻ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎـﻧﺯ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﺸ ﺎـﻫﻱ ﻪـﻧﺍﺮﻣﺁ
ﻣ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍﻲﺪﻨﻨﮐ .ﻘﺤﺗﻴ ﭘ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻘﺶﻫﻭﮋﺎﻫﻲﻳ ﻠﮕﻧﺍ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﻴﺴﻲ ﺓﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ ﺮﺘﺧﺩ ﻥﺎﮐﺩﻮﮐ
ﺮﺴﭘ ﻭ)ﻭﺩﻮﮔﻳﻦ،
٩
١٩٩٠( ، ﺭﺩﺎـﻣ ﻭ ﺭﺪـﭘ) ﻞـﮕﻧﺍ،
١٠
١٩٩٨ ( ﻥﺯ ﻭ ﺩﺮـﻣ ﻥﺎﮑـﺷﺰﭘ ﻭ) ﺖـﺳﻭ،
١١
١٩٩٠ (ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺕﺭﻮﺻﺖﺳﺍ ﮕﻤﻫﻲﺆﻣ ﻳﺍ ﺪﻳﺎﻋﺪﻣ ﻦ ﺖﺳ)ﻭﺮﺴﺧﺩﺍﮋﻧ ،٢٠٠٧ :١٩(.
ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘﺎﻫﻲﻳ ﻪـﮐ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎـﺑﺯ ـﺳﺭﺎﻓﻲ ﻡﺎـﺠﻧﺍ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻧ ـﻴﺰ ﺓﺩﺎﻔﺘـﺳﺍ ﺑ ـﻴﺮﺘﺸ ﺮـﻣﻥﺍﺩ ﺯﺍ
ﺕﺭﻮﺻﺎﻫﻱ ﻪﻧﺍﺮﻣﺁ ﺍﺭ ﺄﺗﻴﻳﺪ ﻩﺩﺮﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ .ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻥﺎﺟﺩﺍﮋﻧ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻣﻲﺪﻫﺩ ﻪﮐ ﻮﮔﻳﻥﺍﺭﻮﺸ ﺩﺮﻣ ﻪـﺑ
ﻣﻴ ﻥﺍﺰ٥/٧٧ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻧﺯ٥/٢٢ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﺗﺎﻤﻟﺎﮑﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻡﻼـﮐ ﻪـﻧﺍﺮﻣﺁ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘـﺳﺍ ـﻣﻲ ﺪـﻨﻨﮐ
)ﻥﺎﺟﺩﺍﮋﻧ، ١٣٨٠ :١١٥(.ﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﻳﺭﺎﻈﺘﻧﺍ ﻦ ﻣﻲﺩﻭﺭ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻘﺤﺗﻴﺕﺎﻘ ﻥﺎـﺑﺯ ﻥﺎـﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻣ ـﻴﻥﺍﺰ
ﺓﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻡﻼﮐ ﻪﻧﺍﺮﻣﺁ ﺑﻪ ﻩﮋﻳﻭ ﺮﻣﺍ ﺪﺸﺗﻳﺪﻱ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻣﺭ ﺩﺭﻮﻣﺮﻈﻧ ﺑﻴﺮﺘﺸ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﻧﺯ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
ﻮﻤﻧﻪﻧﻥﺎﻣﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﺍﺮﻣﺁ ﺕﻼﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ
ﺪﺸﺗ ﺮﻣﺍﻳﺪﻱ:
]ﺯﺮﻓﻳﻦ[ﻭﺮﺑ ﺕﺩﻮﺧ ـ ،ﭘ ﻢﻧﺎﺧ ﻥﻮﭼﻴﻩﺩﺮﭙﺳ ﺎﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻭﺍ ﺮ) ﻠﻋﻴﻩﺩﺍﺰ ،١٣٨٤ :١٦(.
]ﺩﺮﻣ[ﺑ ـﻴﺒﺑ ﻮﻠﺟ ﺎﻴﺖﻤﻨ) ﻥﺎﻤﻫ:٢٠(.
] ﺥﺮﻓ[ﭼ ـﻴﺰﻱﻮﺧ ﺮﻌﺷ ﺰﺟ ﻪﺑ ﻧ ﻆﻔﺣ ﺵﺩﻴﺖﺴ ،ﺍﺮﺑﻱﻥﺍﻮﺨﺑ ﻥﺎﻤﻧﺎﺘﺳﻭﺩ ) ﻥﺎﻤﻫ :٢٨(.
]ﺷﻴﺩﺍﺯﺮ[ﺯﺮﻓ ـﻳﺑ ﻦﻴﮐ ﻭ ﺎﻴﺑ ﺍﺮﻣ ﻒﻴ ﺭﻭﺎ)ﻥﺎﻤﻫ :٣٠.(
ﺪﻌﺗ ﺮﻣﺍﻳﻠﻲ:
]ﻥﺮﺘﺴﻧ[ﺎﺑ ـﻳﺩﺮﮔﺮﺑ ﺪﻳﻢ) ﻥﺎﻤﻫ :١٦(.
ﺐﺷ ﻥﺎﻣﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻴﺴﻨﺟ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺔﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﺺﺻ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ۷-۲۶
١٥
]ﺳﺁﻴﻪ[ﺑ ـﻴﻭﺮﺑ ﺎﻳﺒﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻭﺍ ﻢﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻢﻴﻨﻴﻢ) ﻥﺎﻤﻫ :٢٠٦(.
]ﻮﮑﺳﺍﻲﻳ[ﺷﺎﺑ ﻖﻓﺍﻮﻣ ﺮﮔﺍ ﺲﭘ ـﻴﺮﺳ ﺪﻱﻧﺰﺑ ﻩﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻴﻢ) ﻥﺎﻤﻫ :٣٦٢(.
] ﺩﺍﺰﻬﺑ[ﻡﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻦﻣ ـ ،ﻭﺮﺑﻳﺒﺑ ﻢﻫ ﺎﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻍﺎﺑ ﻢﻴﻨﻴ ﻢ)ﻥﺎﻤﻫ :٣٧١.(
ﻝﻭﺪﺟ٢.ﺎﻘﻣ ﻳﺎﻫﺭﻮﺘﺳﺩ ﺔﺴﻥﺎﻣﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﺍﺮﻣﺁ ﻡﻼﮐ ﻭ ﺐﺷ ﺎﻫﻱﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ
ﻩﺩﺍﺩﺎﻫﻱ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﻡﻼﮐ ﻪﻧﺍﺮﻣﺁ ﺭﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻥﺎﻣﺭ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻣﻲﺪﻫﺩ ،ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﺕﺭﻮﺻﺎﻫﻱ ﺔﻧﺍﺮﻣﺁ
ﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ٤٦/٧٨ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻧﺯ ِﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ٥٤/٢١ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺯﺍ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﻥﺍﺰ ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﺕﻼﻤﺟ
ﺔﻧﺍﺮﻣﺁ ﺪﺸﺗﻳﺪﻱ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ٤٤/٨٤ ﺪـﺻﺭﺩ ﻭ ِﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎـﻧﺯ٣٥ ﺪـﺻﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻣ ـﻴﻥﺍﺰ ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎـﮐ ﺕﻼـﻤﺟ
ﺪﻌﺗﻳﻠﻲ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ٤٦/١٥ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﺪﻌﺗ ﺕﻼﻤﺟ ﻭﻳﻠﻲ ﻥﺎﻧﺯ٦٥ ﺪـﺻﺭﺩ ﻩﺩﻮـﺑ ﺍ ﺖـﺳ . ﺎـﻫﺮﻣﺍ ﻪـﺘﺒﻟﺍﻱ
ﻘﺘﺴﻣﻴﻧ ﻥﺎﻧﺯ ﻢﻴ ﻦﺤﻟ ﺎﺑ ﻩﺎﮔ ﺰﺖﺳﺍﻮﺧﺭﺩﻮﺸﺗ ﻭ ﻳﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺍﺮﻤﻫ ﻖ.
ﺎﻘﻣﻳﺔﺴ ﺎﺘﻧﻳﺞ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻣﻲﺪﻫﺩ ،ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﺕﺭﻮﺻﺎﻫﻱ ﻪﻧﺍﺮﻣﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﺎﺑ٥١
ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ،ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﻥﺎﻧﺯ ﺎﺑ١٤ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ،ﻣ ﻪﺑﻴ ﻥﺍﺰﺭﻮﺧﺭﺩ ﻬﺟﻮﺗﻲ) ﺩﻭﺪﺣ٤ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ (ﺑﻴﺮﺘﺸ ﺖﺳﺍ.
ﺍﺮﺑﻳﻦ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺼﺨﺷﻴﺖﺎﻫﻱ ﺮﮐﺬﻣ ﻭ ﺚﻧﺆﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﻥﺎـﺑﺯ ﻪـﻧﺍﺮﻣﺁ ﺭﺍﺩﺎـﻨﻌﻣ ﻭ ﺎـﺑ
ﻠﮐﻴﻪﺸﺎﻫﻱ ﻥﺎﺑﺯﺳﺎﻨﺷﻲ ﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳ ﺖﺳﺍ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻲﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﺷﺎﻧﻲ ﺯﺍ ﻻﺩﻳﻞ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﺷﺮﭘ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ: ﻝﻭﺍ ﺍﻳﻪﮑﻨ
ﻥﺎﻧﺯ ﺍﺭﺍﺩﻱ ﻧﺎﺑﺯﻲ ﹰﻼﻣﺎﮐ ﻪﻧﺎﺑﺩﺆﻣ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ـ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﻢﮐ ﻩﮊﺍﻮﺷﺩ ﺎﻫﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﮐ ﻣﺎﻋﻴﻪﻧﺎ ﻪﺑ ﺑﻮـﺧﻲ
ﺍﻳﻦ ﺎﻋﺩﺍ ﺍﺭ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﻣﻲـ ﺪﻨﮐ ﻭ ﻤﻫﻴﻦ ﻡﺍﺰﺘﻟﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺎﻫﻱ ﻪﻧﺎﺑﺩﺆﻣ ،ﻧﺁ ﺎﻬﺍﺭ ﺮﺑ ﻥﺁ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺎﺗ
ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﺯﺍ ﺕﺭﻮﺻﺎﻫﻱ ﻪﻧﺍﺮﻣﺁ ﺑﻪ ﺹﻮﺼﺧ ﺕﺭﻮﺻﺎﻫﻱ ﺔﻧﺍﺮﻣﺁ ﺪﺸﺗﻳﺪﻱ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘـﺳﺍ ﺪـﻨﻨﮐ .ﺯﺍ ﻑﺮـﻃ
ﺩﻳﺮﮕ ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﻪﻧﺍﺮﻣﺁ ﺭﺩ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﺑﻴﺮﺘﺸ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﻧﺯ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪـﮐ ﻟﺩ ـﻴﻞ ﻥﺁ ﺍﺭ ﺎﺑ ـﻳﺪ ﺭﺩ
ﺼﺨﺷﻴﺖ ﻪﻄﻠﺳﺐﻠﻃ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﺖﺴﺟ ﻭﻮﺟ ﺩﺮﮐ .ﺭﺩ ﻪﻤﻟﺎﻜﻣ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺎﻫ ،ﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺕﺪﺷ ﻪﻄﻠﺳ ﺐـﻠﻃ
ﻭ ﺖﺑﺎﻗﺭﺍﺮﮔ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ. ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺚﺤﺑ ﻭ ﻝﺪﺟﺎﻫﻱ ﻧﻻﻮﻃﻲ ﻪﮐ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻪﻤﻟﺎﻜﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺑ ـﻴﺮﺘﺸ ﻝﻮﺼـﻓ
ﻥﺎﻣﺭ ﺍﺭ ﻪﺑ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺹﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﻩﮊﺍﻮﺷﺩﺎﻫﻱ ﺑﻴﺮﺘﺸ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺭﻭﺎﺤﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ، ﻪـﺑ ﻨـﺷﻭﺭﻲ
ﺍﻳﻦ ﻪﻄﻠﺳ ﺒﻠﻃﻲ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻣﻲﺪﻫﺩ.
ﺭﺩ ﺎﭘﻳﻥﺎ ﺎﺑﻳﺪ ﺖﻔﮔ ﻮﻧﻳﻩﺪﻨﺴ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻮﺧﻲ ﺯﺍ ﺓﺪﻬﻋ ﺍﻳﺩﺎﺠ ﻥﺎـﺑﺯ ﻪـﻧﺍﺮﻣﺁ ﺍﺮـﺑﻱ ﺼـﺨﺷﻴﺖ ﺎـﻫﻱ
ﻥﺎﻣﺭ ،ﺴﻨﺟ ﺎﺑ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣﻴﻧﺁ ﺖ ﺎـﻬ، ﻩﺪـﻣﺁﺮﺑ ﺖـﺳﺍ . ﺼـﺨﺷﻴﺖ ﺎـﻫﻱ ﻥﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻣ ﻪـﻤﻟﺎﻜ ﺎـﻫ ﺏﺩﺆـﻣ ﻭ
ﺖﮐﺭﺎﺸﻣﺍﺮﮔ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻭ ﻪﺑ ﺯﺍ ﺕﺭﺪﻧ ﺎﻫﺭﻮﺘﺳﺩ ﻭ ﺕﻼﻤﺟ ﻪﻧﺍﺮﻣﺁ ـﻣ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘـﺳﺍﻲ ﺪـﻨﻨﮐ ﻭ ﺮـﺑﺲﮑﻋ
ﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺕﺪﺷ ﻪﻄﻠﺳﺐﻠﻃ ﻭ ﺖﺑﺎﻗﺭﺍﺮﮔ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻭ ﹰﺎﺒﻟﺎﻏ ﺕﻼﻤﺟ ﺮﻣﺁ ﹰﺎﺻﻮﺼـﺨﻣ ﻪﻧﺍ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺘـﺳﺩ
ﺮﻣﺍ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻱﺪﻳﺪﺸﺗ ﺮﻣﺍ ﻲﻠﻳﺪﻌﺗ ﺮﻣﺍ
ﺖﻴﺴﻨﺟ
ﻥﺎﻣﺭ
ﺩﺮﻣ ﻥﺯ ﺩﺮﻣ ﻥﺯ ﻞﮐ
ﺐﺷﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ ٣٨ ٧ ١٣ ٧ ٦٥
ﻝﺎﺳ ،ﻲﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺩﺍ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ۲۲، ﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﺓ ۷۶
١٦
ﺪﺸﺗﻳﺪﻱ ﺍﺭ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺎﮐ ﻣﻲﺪﻧﺮﺑ. ﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑﻳﻦ ﻮﻧﻳﻩﺪﻨﺴ ﺭﺩ ﺍﻳﺩﺎﺠ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﺘﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺼـﺨﺷﻴﺖ ﺎـﻫﻱ ﻥﺯ ﻭ
ﺩﺮﻣ ﻖﻓﻮﻣ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺖﺳﺍ.
٣ .ﻊﻄﻗﻡﻼﮐ
ﺭﺎﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﮕﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺎﻫﺭﺩﻳﻪﺘﻓﺎ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺍ ﺭﻮﺧﺭﺩ ﺔﻧﻮﮔﻪﻈﺣﻼﻣﺍﻱ ﺑ ﻴ ﻊﻄﻗ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﻧﺯ ﺖﺒﺤﺻ ﺮﺘﺸ
ﻣﻲﺪﻨﻨﮐ .ﺭﺩﻞﺑﺎﻘﻣ ، ﺧ ﻥﺎﻧﺯﻴﻠﻲ ﻦﺨﺳ ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﻣ ﻊﻄﻗ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﻲﺪﻨﻨﮐ .ﺭﺩﻟﺎﺣﻲ ﺮﻘﺗ ﻥﺎﻧﺯ ﻪﮐﻳ ﻪﺑ ﹰﺎﺒ
ﺪﻤﻫ ﺖﺒﺤﺻ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﻪﮐ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻥﺎﻤﻫﻳ ﻣ ﻊﻄﻗ ﺍﺭ ﺮﮕﻲ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ، ﻢﻫ ﺖﺒﺤﺻ ﻥﺎﺴـﻨﺟ ﻊـﻄﻗ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮـﺧ
ﻣﻲ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ؛ﻟﻭﻲﻪﺑ ﭘ ﺕﺭﺪﻧﻴﻣ ﺶﻲﺁﻳﺭﻭﺎﺤﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻩ ﻱﺎﻫﻂﻠﺘﺨﻣ ،ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻊﻄﻗ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﺖﺒﺤﺻ .
ﺴﻔﺗﻴ ﻟﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﺮﻲ ﻥﺎﻧﺯ ﻕﻮﻘﺣ ﺭﺍﺪﻓﺮﻃ ِﻥﺍﺪﻨﻤﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻪﮐ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﺩﺩﺍﻩﺪﻧﺍ ﺍﻳ ﻡﻼـﮐ ﻊـﻄﻗ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﻄﻠﺳ ﻭ ﺕﺭﺪﻗ ﺔﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﻳ ؛ﻨﻌﻲ ﻊﻄﻗ ﺩﺮﻓ ﻡﻼﮐ ﺓﺪﻨﻨﮐ ، ﻪﺑ ﺪﺼﻗ ﺖﺳﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻪﻤﻟﺎﮑﻣ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ . ﺴﻨﺟ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﺲﭘﻴﺘﻲ ﻪﺑ ﺍ ﺔﻟﺰﻨﻣﻳ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﺍ ﻥﺎﻧﺯ ﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺔﻄﻠﺳ ﻭ ﺕﺭﺪﻗ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦ
ﻣﻲﺪﻨﻨﮐ .ﻳﻪﺘﻓﺎ ﺎﻫﻱ ﻤﺳﺍ ﻴ ﺖﻮﻟﻳ ﺩﻭﺍﺮﺑ ﻭ ﻦﻱ) ١٩٨٩ (ﻨﺒﻣﻲ ﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻳﻨ ﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﻪﮑ ﺭﺎﻬﻇﺍ ﺎـﺑ ﻥ ﺎـﻫﺮﻈﻧﻱ
ﺎﻤﺣﻳﺘﻲ ﺩ ِﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﺖﺒﺤﺻ ﻳ ﻣ ﻊﻄﻗ ﺍﺭ ﺮﮕﻲ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ،ﻟﺎﺣﺭﺩﻲ ـﺜﻨﺧ ﺕﺎـﮑﻧ ﺎﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﻧﺯ ﻦﺨﺳ ﻪﮐﻲ ـﻳ ﺎ
ﺖﻔﻟﺎﺨﻣﻣﺁﻴ ﻣ ﻊﻄﻗ ﺰﻲﺪﻨﻨﮐ ،ﺿﺮﻓﻴ ﺄﺗ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎـﻧﺯ ﺮـﺑ ﻥﺍﺩﺮـﻣ ﺕﺭﺪﻗ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﺍ ﺔ ـﻴﻳ ـﻣ ﺪﻲ ﺪـﻨﮐ) ﻞـﺑ ﻭ
ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ،٢٠٠٦ :٥(.
ﻊﻄﻗ ﻡﻼﮐ ﻤﻫﻴ ﻔﻨﻣ ﻪﺸﻲ ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣﺎﻧ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺪﻤﻠﻗ ﻤﻧ ﻲ ﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺷ ـﻴ ﻌﻣ ﻪﺸ ـﻴﺭﺎﻱ ﺍﺮـﺑ ﻱ ﺯﺭﺍ ـﻳﺑﺎﻲ
ﻪﻄﻠﺳﺮﮔﻱ ﻤﮐﺎﺣ ﻭ ﻴ ﻧ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻴﺖﺴ .ﺧﺮﺑﻲ ﻡﻼﮐ ﻊﻄﻗ ﺎﻫﻢﻫ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻪﺑ ـﺷﻮﭘﻲﺎﻤﺣ ﻭ ـﻳ ﺯﺍ ﺖ
ﻮﮔ ﺭﺎﺘﻔﮔﻳ ﻣ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻩﺪﻨﻲ ﻪﻧ ﻪﮐ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻨﺗ ﺎﻬ ﻪﻄﻠﺳ ﺔﻧﺎﺸﻧﺮﮔﻱ ﻧ ﻴﺖﺴ، ﺄﺗ ﺪﺼﻗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮑﻠﺑ ـﻴﻳ ﻥﺎﻨﺨـﺳ ﺪ
ﻮﮔﻳ ـﻣ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻩﺪﻨﻲﮔ ـﻴﺩﺮ . ـﻣ ﺲـﭘﻲ ﻧﺍﻮـﺗﻴ ﻊـﻄﻗ ﻉﻮـﻧ ﻭﺩ ﻢ ﺬـﭙﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻡﻼـﮐﻳﺮﻳﻢ :١ . ﻊـﻄﻗ ﻡﻼـﮐ
ﻪﻄﻠﺳ ﺍﺮﮔﻳﻪﻧﺎ ٢ .ﻊﻄﻗ ﺎﻤﺣ ﻡﻼﮐﻳﺘﻲ . ﻦﻧﺎﺗ)١٩٩٤ ( ﻢـﻫ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﺪﻘﺘﻌﻣ ﺭﺎـﺘﻔﮔﻱ ـﻳ ﻊـﻄﻗ ﺎ ﻡﻼـﮐ
ﺎﻤﺣﻳﺘﻲ ﻣ ﻲ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻪﻗﻼﻋ ﻭ ﻕﺎﺘﺸﻣ ﺓﺪﻨﻫﺩﻣﺪﻨ ﺖﻔﮔ ﺔﻣﺍﺩﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺩﺮﻓ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﻭ ﺍ ﻭ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ ﻮـﮔﻳ ﻪـﮑﻨ
ﺐﻃﺎﺨﻣ ﻣ ﻝﺎﺒﻧﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻪﻧﻻﺎﻌﻓ ﻲﺪﻨﮐ . ﻘﺤﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻭﺍﻴ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺕﺎﻘﻳ ﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺖﻓﺎﻳ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻦﻊﻄﻗ ﻡﻼﮐ
ﺴﺑﻴ ﺍﺭ ﺭﺎﻳ ﻝﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﻭ ﺞ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻭﻝﺎﻌﻓ ﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺍﺭ ﻩﺪﻧﻮﻨﺷ ﻥﺩﻮﺑﻲﺪﻫﺩ .ﺯﻳ ﻑﺪـﻫ ﺍﺮ ، ﺔﺘـﺷﺭ ﻦﺘﻓﺮـﮔ
ﻮﮔ ﺖﺳﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻡﻼﮐﻳ ﺖﺴﻴﻧ ﻩﺪﻨ .ﺑﻱﺍﺮ ﻝﺎﺜﻣ ،ﺪﺼﺗﻳﻖﺎﻫﺮﮔ ،ﻊﻄﻗ ﺎﻤﺣ ﻡﻼﮐﻳﺘﻲ ﻢﻫ ﻭ ﺷﻮﭘﻲ ﺭﺎـﺘﻔﮔ
ﻘﻠﺗﻲ ﻣ ﻲﺪﻧﻮﺷ . ﺍ ﺭﺎﻬﻇﺍﻳ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻦ ﺖﺒﺤـﺻ ﻪـﺑ ﻩﺪﻧﻮﻨـﺷ ﺔـﻗﻼﻋ ﻭ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺓﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﺎـﻫﻱ
ﻱﺭﺎﺟ ﺖﺳﺍ .ﻨﭽﻤﻫﻴ ﻌﻗﺍﻮﻣ ﻦﻲ ﺎﻬﺘﻧﺍ ﻩﺪﻧﻮﻨﺷ ﻪﮐ ﻱ ﻮﮔ ﺔﻠﻤﺟﻳ ﭘ ﺍﺭ ﻩﺪﻨﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺔﻠﻤﺟ ﻭ
ﻢﻫ ﻣ ﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﻥﺁ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﻲﺪﻨﮐ ،ﻋﻮﻧﻲ ﻊﻄﻗ ﻢﻫ ﻡﻼﮐﺭﺎﺘﻔﮔﻱ ﺑ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻴ ﻢﻫ ﺶﻘﻧ ﺮﺘﺸ ﻧﺎﺷﻮﭘﻲ ﻡﻼﮐ
ﺎﺒﻧ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﺭﻳﻊﻄﻗ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺁ ﺪ ﻡﻼﮐﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﺭﺩ) ﻥﺎﺟﺩﺍﮋﻧ ،١٣٨٠ :١٠٥-١٠٦(.
ﺐﺷ ﻥﺎﻣﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻴﺴﻨﺟ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺔﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﺺﺻ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ۷-۲۶
١٧
ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘﺎﻫﻱ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻠﮕﻧﺍ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷﻴﺴﻲ ﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻲ ﺧ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻫﺩﻴ ـﻠﻲ ﺑ ـﻴ ﻦﺨـﺳ ﺮﺘﺸ
ﻣ ﻊﻄﻗ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﻧﺯﻲ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ؛ﺑﻱﺍﺮ ﻝﺎﺜﻣ ،ﺪﻧﺎﮐﻳ ﺯ ﻥﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺖﺳﻭ ﺲﻳ ﻦﻣﺮﻤ)١٩٧٥ ـ ١٩٨٣ ( ﺰﺠﺗ ﻪﺑﻳ ﻪ
ﻠﺤﺗ ﻭﻴ ﻤﻟﺎﮑﻣ ﻞﻪ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻣ ﻴ ﺘﻧ ﻭ ﺪﻨﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻥﺎﻧﺯ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﻥﺎﻴ ﺎﻘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎـﻧﺯ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻪﺠ ـﻳ ﺎـﺑ ﻪﺴ
ﺖﺒﺤﺻ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻥﺪﻧﺍﺩﺮﮔﺮﺑ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ ،ﻊﻄﻗ ﻪـﺑ ﻭ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﻣ ﻑﺮﻃ ﺖﺒﺤﺻ ﻥﺩﺮﮐ ﺖـﺳﺩ ﻦﺘﻓﺮـﮔ
ﻡﻼﮐ ﺔﺘﺷﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻌﺿ ﻊﺿﻮﻣ ﻴﻒﺮﺗﻱ ﺪـﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ .ﻳ ـﮑﻲ ﻘﺤﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻴ ﺐـﻟﺎﺟ ﺕﺎـﻘ ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ ﺩ ﻳ ﺮـﮕﻱ ﻪـﮐ
ﺭﺩﺍﻳﻦ ﻩﺭﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ،ﺳﺭﺮﺑﻲ ﻪﻤﻟﺎﮑﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻣ ﻴ ﺑ ﻭ ﻥﺎﮑﺷﺰﭘ ﻥﺎﻴﺭﺎﻤﺍ ﻠﮕﻧﺍ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ـﻴﺴﻲ
ﺖﺳﺍ .ﺍﻳ ﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻴ ﺑ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺑ ﺩﺮﻣ ﮏﺷﺰﭘ ﻩﺎﮔﺮﻫ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻖﻴ ﻥﺯ ﺭﺎﻤ ، ﻡﻼـﮐ ﺩﺭﺍﻮـﻣ ﺐﻠﻏﺍ ﺭﺩ ﮏﺷﺰﭘ
ﺑﻴ ﻣ ﻊﻄﻗ ﺍﺭ ﺭﺎﻤﻲ ﺎﮕﻨﻫ ﻭ ﺩﺮﮐ ﻲﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺑ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺑ ﻥﺯ ﮏﺷﺰﭘﻴ ﺩﺮﻣ ﺭﺎﻤ ،ﺑﻴ ﻡﻼـﮐ ﺩﺭﺍﻮـﻣ ﺐـﻠﻏﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﻤ
ﻣ ﻊﻄﻗ ﺍﺭ ﮏﺷﺰﭘﻲ ﺩﺮﮐ) ﮔﺩﺍﺮﺗﻴﻞ ،١٣٧٦ :١٦٣(. ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺎـﻫﻲﻳ ـﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﻥﺎـﺑﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻪـﮐ ﻲ ﺓﺭﺎـﺑﺭﺩ
ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻧﺯ ﺭﺎﺘﻔﮔ ﻧﻴ ﺄﺗ ﺰﻴﻳ ﺍ ﺓﺪﻨﻨﮐﺪﻳ ﺿﺮﻓ ﻦﻴﻪﺖﺳﺍ . ﻥﺎـﺟ ﺶﻫﻭﮋـﭘ ﻖـﺒﻃ ﺩﺍﮋـﻧ
ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ٧/٧٣ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻧﺯ ﻭ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ٣/٢٦ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﻣ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻦﺨﺳﻢﻫﺖﺒﺤﺻ ﻣ ﻊﻄﻗ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻲﺪﻨﻨﮐ .
٣/٤٧ﻊــﻄﻗ ﺯﺍ ﺪــﺻﺭﺩ ﻡﻼــﮐﺎــﻫﻱﺎــﻤﺣ ﻥﺎــﻧﺯ ﻳﺘﻲ ﻭ ٧/٥٢ﻪﻄﻠــﺳ ﻥﺁ ﺪــﺻﺭﺩ ﺍﺮﮔﻳﺖــﺳﺍ ﻪــﻧﺎ ،
ﺭﺩﻟﺎﺣﻲ ﻪﮐ٢/٦٩ ﻊﻄﻗ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻡﻼﮐ ﺎﻫﻱ ﻪﻄﻠﺳ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﺍﺮﮔﻳ ﻭ ﻪﻧﺎ٨/٣٠ ﺩ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻳ ﺎـﻤﺣ ﻥﺁ ﺮﮕﻳﺘﻲ
ﺖﺳﺍ) ﻥﺎﺟﺩﺍﮋﻧ ،١٣٨٠: ١٠٧(؛ ﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑﻳ ﻣ ﺭﺎﻈﺘﻧﺍ ﻦﻲ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻭﺭ
ﺐﺷ ﺎﻫﻱ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ
ﻣ ﻴ ﻊﻄﻗ ﻥﺍﺰ ﻡﻼﮐ ﺎﻫ
ﻪﻄﻠﺳ ﻉﻮﻧ ﹰﺎﺻﻮﺼﺨﻣ ﺍﺮﮔﻳ ﻥﺁ ﺔﻧﺎﺭﺩﺑﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﻦﻴﺖﺎﻫﻱﺑ ﺩﺮﻣ ﻴﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺮﺘﺸ .
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧﻊﻄﻗ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﻪﻄﻠﺳ ﻡﻼﮐﺍﺮﮔﻳﻪﻧﺎ
]ﺩﻭﻭﺍﺩ[ﺧ ﺵﺮﻔﻨﺗ ـﻴﻠﻲﻌﻗﺍﻭ ﻢﻫ ﻲﻧ ﻴﺖﺴ.
ﺷ ﺮﺒﮐﺍﻴﺖﻔﮔ ﺖﺟﺎﺠﻟ ﺾﺤﻣ ﺩﺍﺯﺮ:
]ﺷﻴﺩﺍﺯﺮ[ ﻌﻗﺍﻭ ﻪﺘﺒﻟﺍ ـﻲ ﺖﺳﺍ ، ﭼ ﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻣﻴ ﻤﻫ ﺰﻴ ﻢﻗﺩﺎﺻ ﻪﺸ ،ﺖﺳﻭﺩ ﺮﻔﻨﺗ ﻭ ﻦﺘﺷﺍﺩ) ﻠﻋ ـﻴﻩﺩﺍﺰ ،
١٣٨٤ :٢٦(.
] ﺭﻮﺳﺁ ﻢﻧﺎﺧﻱ[ ـﻳ ﻭﺭ ﻢﺠﻧ ﻢﻧﺎﺧ ﺎﺑ ﻢﻫ ﺯﻭﺭ ﮏﻱ ـﻤﻫ ﻴ ﺍ ﻦ ـﻳ ﺩﻮـﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﻳﻢ ، ـﻣ ﻡﺪـﻗ ﺎﻤـﺷﻲﺩﺯ ـﻳﺪ ،
ﺪﻨﺘﻔﮔ :» ﻣ ﺖﻧﺍﮊﻲﻧﺍﺩ ﻳ ،ﻲ ﺘﺧﺩ ﮏ ﺮﺳ ﺮ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺩﺍﺰﻬﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻥﺮﺘﺴﻧ ﻢﻧﺎﺧ ﻞﺜﻣ ﺩﺎﺷ ﻭ ﻩﺪﻧﺯ«. ﻦﻣ
ﺄﺗ ﺍﺭ ﻢﻧﺎﺧ ﻑﺮﺣ ﹰﺎﺗﺭﺎﺴﺟﻴﻳﺪﺼﺗ ﻭ ﺪﻳﻡﺩﺮﮐ ﻖ .
ﺖﺷﺍﺬﮔ ﻡﺎﻤﺗﺎﻧ ﺍﺭ ﻭﺍ ﺔﻠﻤﺟ ﺩﺮﻣ:
]ﺩﺍﺰﻬﺑ[ ﺭﺍﺬﮕﺑ ـﻳ ﻢﻨﮐ ﻦﺷﻭﺭ ﺪ ، ﺘـﺳﻭﺩ ﻥﺮﺘﺴـﻧ ﻭ ﻦﻣﻴﻢ ، ﺭﺩﺍﺮـﺑ ﻭ ﺮﻫﺍﻮـﺧ ﻞـﺜﻣ ، ﺝﺍﻭﺩﺯﺍ ﻢـﻫ ﺎـﺑ
ﺩﺮﮑﻧﻳﻢ ،ﺘﺣﻲ ﺳﺮﻧ ﻥﺎﻣﺮﮑﻓ ﻪﺑ ﻴﻩﺪ ،ﻫﺎﮔﻲ ﻳ ﺘﺳﻭﺩ ﮏﻲ ـﺑ ﻲﺭ ـﻳ ﻭﺩﺯﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺎ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﺮـﺘﻬﺑ ﺝﺍ) ﻥﺎـﻤﻫ :
٥٩٦.(
ﻝﺎﺳ ،ﻲﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺩﺍ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ۲۲، ﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﺓ ۷۶
١٨
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻊﻄﻗ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﺎﻤﺣ ﻡﻼﮐﻳﺘﻲ
]ﺷﻴﺩﺍﺯﺮ[ﻪﺘﺷﻮﻨﻧ ﺏﺎﺘﮐ ﺵﺍﺮﺑ ؟ﺩﻮﺑ ﻥﺎﺸﻣﺍﺪﮐ ﻥﺍﺰﺳ ـ؟ﺪﻧﺍ
ﺩﺍﺩ ﺏﺍﻮﺟ ﺩﺍﺰﻬﺑ:
]ﺩﺍﺰﻬﺑ[ﻮﺴﻧﺍﺮﻓ ﻥﺍﺰﺳ ـﻱﺩﻮﺑ ) ﻥﺎﻤﻫ: ٢٦.(
ﺟ ﻝﻭﺪ٣.ﺎﻘﻣ ﻳ ﻥﺎﻣﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻡﻼﮐ ﻊﻄﻗ ﺔﺴ
ﺐﺷﺎﻫﻱﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ
ﻩﺩﺍﺩﺎﻫﻱ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻊﻄﻗ ﻡﻼﮐ ﺎﻫﺭﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻥﺎﻣﺭ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻣﻲﺪﻫﺩ ﻥﺎﻧﺯ ﹰﻼﺻﺍ ﻦﺨﺳ ﻢﻫﺖﺒﺤﺻ ﻮﺧﺩ
ﺍﺭ ﻊﻄﻗ ﻩﺩﺮﮑﻧﺪﻧﺍ .٨٠ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻊﻄﻗ ﻡﻼﮐﺎﻫﻱ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﻪﻄﻠﺳ ﻭ ﻪﻧﺍﺮﮔ٢٠ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻥﺁ ﺎﻤﺣﻳﺘﻲ ﻩﺩﻮـﺑ
ﺖﺳﺍ.
ﺎﻘﻣﻳﻊﻄﻗ ﺔﺴ ﻡﻼﮐﺎﻫﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻥﺎﻣﺭ ﺎﺑ ﻳﻪﺘﻓﺎﺎﻫﻱ ﻥﺎﺑﺯﺳﺎﻨﺷﻲ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻣﻲ ﺪـﻫﺩ ﻑﻼﺘـﺧﺍ ـﺑﻴﻦ
ﺼﺨﺷﻴﺖﺎﻫﻱ ﻥﺯ ﻭ ﺩﺮﻣ ﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﺖﺳﺍ .ﺭﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻥﺎﻣﺭ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﺼﺨﺷﻴﺘﻲ ﻪﻄﻠﺳ ﺮﮔﻭ ﺖـﺑﺎﻗﺭ ﺍﺮـﮔ
ﻭ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻤﻟﺎﮑﻣ ﺎﻫ ﺑﻴﺩ ﺮﺘﺸﺭﭘﻲ ﻪﺒﻠﻏ ﺮﺑ ﺐﻃﺎﺨﻣ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ .ﺚﺤﺑ ﻭ ﻝﺪـﺟ ﺎـﻫﻲﻳ ﺭﺩ ﻪـﮐ
ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍﺩ ﻝﻮﻃ ﺮﺑ ﺮﺳ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺮـﻨﻫ ،ﻱﺳﻴ ـﺳﺎﻲ ﻭ ... ـﺑﻴ ﺕﺭﻮـﺻ ﻥﺍﺩﺮـﻣ ﻦ ﻪـﺘﻓﺮﮔ ،
ﻪﺑ ﻨـﺷﻭﺭﻲ ﻪﻄﻠـﺳﺮﮔ ﻥﺩﻮـﺑ ﻧﺁ ﺎـﻬ ﻥﺎﺸـﻧ ﺍﺭ ـﻣﻲ ﺪـﻫﺩ .ﺍﺯ ﻑﺮـﻃ ﺩﻳ ﺮـﮕ، ﺼـﺨﺷﻴﺖ ﺎـﻫﻱﻥﺯ ﺭﺩ
ﻪﻤﻟﺎﮑﻣ ﻳﺎﻫﻥﺎﺸ ﺴﺑﻴﺭﺎ ﺏﺩﺆﻣ ﻭ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﺗﺍﺮﮔ ﻨﺘﺴﻫﺪ ،ﻪﺑ ﻮﻃﺭﻱ ﻪﮐ ﺧﻴ ـﻠﻲ ﻢـﮐ ـﭘﻴﺶ ـﻣﻲﺁ ـﻳﺪ ﺎـﺑ
ﺩﻳﻥﺍﺮﮕ ﻩﺮﺟﺎﺸﻣ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻳﺎ ﺯﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﮐ ﺖﺷﺯ ﻭ ـﺑﻲ ﻪـﻧﺎﺑﺩﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘـﺳﺍ ﺪـﻨﻨﮐ . ﺎـﺑ ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ ﻪـﺑ ﺪﻫﺍﻮـﺷ
ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻦﺘﻣ ﻥﺎﻣﺭ ﺎﺑﻳﺪ ﺖﻔﮔ ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﻊﻄﻗ ﻡﻼﮐ ﺎﻫﺭﺩ ﻥﺎـﺑﺯ ﺼـﺨﺷﻴﺖ ﺎـﻫﻱ ﻥﺎﺘـﺳﺍﺩ
ﺖﺳﺭﺩ ﻖﻴﻗﺩ ﻭﺖﺳﺍ ﻭ ﻮﻧﻳﻩﺪﻨﺴ ﺍﺯﺍﻳﻦ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺍﻳﺩﺎﺠ ﻧﺎﺑﺯﻲ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﺘﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺴﻨﺟﻴﺖ ﺨﺷﺼﻴﺖﺎﻫﻱ
ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍﺩ ﻖﻓﻮﻣ ﻩﺩﺮﮐ ﻞﻤﻋ ﺖﺳﺍ.
٤ .ﺘﺑﺎﻗﺭ ﻡﻼﮐﻲﺘﮐﺭﺎﺸﻣ ﻭ ﻲ
ﺘﺑﺎﻗﺭ ﻡﻼﮐ ﺯﺍ ﺩﻮﺼﻘﻣﻲ ﻲﻣﻼﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﻮﮔﻳ ﻣ ﺵﻼﺗ ﻩﺪﻨﻲ ﺮﺷ ﺮﺑ ﺪﻨﮐﻳ ﺩﻮـﺧ ﺖﺒﺤﺻ ﮏ
ﺪﻨﮐ ﻪﺒﻠﻏ ، ﻮﺧ ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﻭ ﺶﻧﺍﺩﻳ ﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺶ ﺪـﻨﻛ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﺍﺭ ﻪﻤﻟﺎﮑﻣ ﻭ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻭ ؛ ﻟﺎـﺣﺭﺩﻲ ﺭﺩ ﻪـﮐ
ﺘﮐﺭﺎﺸﻣ ﻡﻼﮐﻲﻮﮔ ﻳﻌﺳ ﻩﺪﻨﻲ ﻆـﻔﺣ ﺍﺭ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺪـﻨﮐ ، ﻤـﺻ ﻭ ﺪـﻫﺩ ﺵﺮﺘﺴـﮔ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺁﻴﻤﻴ ﺖ
ﺑﻴﺮﺘﺸﻱﺮﺷ ﺎﺑ ﻳ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺖﺒﺤﺻ ﮏﺭﺍﺮﻗﺮﺑﺪﻨﻛ .
ﻡﻼﮐ ﻊﻄﻗ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻪﻄﻠﺳﻪﻧﺍﺮﮔ ﻲﺘﻳﺎﻤﺣ
ﺖﻴﺴﻨﺟ
ﻥﺎﻣﺭ
ﺩﺮﻣ ﻥﺯ ﺩﺮﻣ ﻥﺯ ﻞﮐ
ﺐﺷﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ
٤ ٠ ١ ٠ ٥
ﺐﺷ ﻥﺎﻣﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻴﺴﻨﺟ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺔﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﺺﺻ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ۷-۲۶
١٩
ﻥﺎﺑﺯﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺪﻧﺪﻘﺘﻌﻣ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﮑﻣﻪﻤﻟﺎ ﺎﻫﺴﺑ ﻴﺭﺎ ﺖﺑﺎﻗﺭﺍﺮﮔ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ؛ﺯ ـﻳﺍﺮ ـﭘﺭﺩﻲ ﻝﺮـﺘﻨﮐ
ﺖﻔﮔ ﻭﻮﮔ ،ﻆﻔﺣ ﻝﻼﻘﺘﺳﺍ ،ﺍﺰﻓﺍﻳﺶ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ، ﺎﺸـﻧﻥ ﻥﺩﺍﺩ ﺶـﻧﺍﺩ ـﻳﺎ ﺕﺭﺎـﻬﻣ ، ﺐﺴـﮐ ﺮـﺗﺮﺑﻱ ﺭﺩ
ﻪﻤﻟﺎﮑﻣ ،ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﻫﺩﻲ ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﻭ ﻪﺑ ﺎﮐﺭﻥﺩﺮﺑ ﺷﻴﻩﻮﺎﻫﻱ ـﻌﻄﻗﻲ ﻭ ﻪـﻧﺍﺮﻣﺁ ﺪﻨﺘﺴـﻫ . ﺍﺮﺑﺎـﻨﺑﻳﻦ ﺑ ـﻴﺮﺘﺸ
ﻦﺨﺳ ﻢﻫﺖﺒﺤﺻ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺍﺭ ﻊﻄﻗ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻭ ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﺯﺍ ﺪﺼﺗﻳﻖ ﺮـﮔ ﺎـﻫ، ﻪـﮐ ﺔﻧﺎﺸـﻧ ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ ﺖـﺒﺜﻣ
ﻩﺪﻧﻮﻨﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻨﺨﺳ ﻮﮔﻳﻩﺪﻨ ﻭ ﺎﻤﺗﻳﻞ ﻭﺍ ﺍﺮﺑﻱ ﺔﻣﺍﺩﺍ ﻪﻤﻟﺎﮑﻣ ﺖﺳﺍ ،ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻣﻲﺪﻨﻨﮐ .ﺍﺮﺑﻱ ﻆﻔﺣ
ﻪﺒﻠﻏ ﻭ ﻂﻠﺴﺗ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺮﺑ ﻑﺮﻃ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﻣﺰﻴﻧ ،ﺑﻴﺮﺘﺸ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺩﺍﺩﺭﻮﺘﺳﺩ ﻭ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺎـﻫﻱ ﻪـﻧﺍﺮﻣﺁ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘـﺳﺍ
ﻣﻲﺪﻨﻨﮐ .ﺎﻣﺍ ﻑﻼﺧﺮﺑ ﻥﺎﻧﺁ، ﻥﺎﻧﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻤﻟﺎﮑﻣ ﺴﺑﻴﺭﺎ ﺖﮐﺭﺎﺸﻣﺐﻠﻃ ﻭ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﺗ ﺍﺮـﮔ ﺪﻨﺘﺴـﻫ ،ﺯ ـﻳﺍﺮ
ﻥﺎﺸﻓﺪﻫ ﻆﻔﺣ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍﻳ ،ﻥﺎﺴﮑﺯﺎﺳﻱ ﺏﺭﺎﺠﺗ ،ﺐﻠﺟ ﺎﻤﺣﻳﺖ ﻑﺮﻃ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﻣ ،ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﻫﺩﻲ ﻭ ﻢﻫﺎﻔﺗ
ﺑﻴﺮﺘﺸ ﻭ ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﺕﺭﻮﺻﺎﻫﻱ ﻪﻧﺎﻃﺎﺘﺤﻣ ﻭ ﺩﺮﺗﺎﺑﻳﺪ ﺖﺳﺍ .ﻧﺁ ﺎﻬﺯﺍ ﺭﺎﺘﻔﮔ ﹰﺎﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﺍﺮﺑﻱ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ،ﻆﻔﺣ
ﻭ ﺭﺍﺪﻬﮕﻧﻱ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺪﻧﺮ ﻭ ﺍﺮﺑﻱ ﺖﺳﺩﻳﺑﺎﻲ ﻪﺑ ﻤﺻﻴﻤﻴﺖ ﺑ ـﻴﺮﺘﺸ ﺵﻼـﺗ ـﻣﻲ ؛ﺪـﻨﻨﮐ
ﻪﺑ ﻤﻫﻴﻦ ﻟﺩﻴﻞ ﻏﻴﺒﺖ ﻥﺩﺮﮐ ﺍﺭ ﺑﻴﺮﺘﺸ ﺟﺮﺗﻴﺢ ﻣﻲﺪﻨﻫﺩ .ﻧﺁ ﺎﻬﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﻦﺨﺳ ﻢـﻫ ﺖﺒﺤـﺻ ﺩﻮـﺧ ﺍﺭ
ﻊﻄﻗ ﻣﻲﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺮﺘﺸ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻨﺨﺳ ﻑﺮﻃ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﻣ ﺶﻨﮐﺍﻭ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻣﻲ ﺪﻨﻫﺩ)ﺪﺼﺗ ﺯﺍﻳﻖ ﺮﮔ ﺎﻫ
ﻣ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍﻲﺪﻨﻨﮐ( ﻭ ﺍﺮﺑﻱ ﻆﻔﺣ ﻭ ﻡﻭﺍﺪﺗ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺑﻴﺮﺘﺸ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﺯﺍﺎﻫﻱﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻲﺪﻨﻨﮐ
ﻭ ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﻘﺘﺴﻣﻴﹰﺎﻤ ﺯﺍ ﺩﻳﻥﺍﺮﮕ ﺩﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﻣﻲﺪﻨﻨﮐ.
ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘﺎﻫﻱ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻠﮕﻧﺍ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷﻴﺴﻲ ﻧ ﻴ ﺄﺗ ﺰﻴﻳ ﺿﺮﻓ ﺓﺪﻨﻨﮐﺪﻴ ﺖﺑﺎﻗﺭ ﺔ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺩﺮـﻣ ﻥﺩﻮﺑﺍﺮﮔ
ﺖﮐﺭﺎﺸﻣﺍﺮﮔ ﻪﻤﻟﺎﮑﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻧﺯ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﺎﻫﺖﺳ . ﻦﻧﺎﺗ)١٩٩٠ ( ﻣ ﺭﺎﻬﻇﺍﻲﻨﻛ ـﮐ ﺪ ﺍﺮـﺑ ﻥﺎـﻧﺯ ﻪﻱ ﺍ ﻳ ﺩﺎـﺠ
ﻤﺻ ﻭ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍﻴﻤﻴ ﻣ ﻦﺨﺳ ﺖﻲﻮﮔﻳ ﻣ ﺵﻮﮔ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻲﺪﻨﻫﺩ ،ﺭﺩﻟﺎﺣﻲ ﺍﺮـﺑ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﻪﮐﻱ ﻌﺗ ﻴـﻴ ﺎﭘ ﻦ ـﻳﻪ ،
ﻣ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺯﺍ ﻝﻼﻘﺘﺳﺍ ﻭ ﻥﺄﺷﻲﺪﻨﻨﮐ) ﺘﻤﻌﻧﻭ ﻲ ﺎﺑﻳﺮ ،٢٠٠٧: ١٨٦(.
ﺭﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﺍﺮﺑﻱ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ﻡﻼﮐ ﺘﺑﺎﻗﺭﻲ ﻭ ﺘﮐﺭﺎﺸﻣ ،ﻲﻐﺘﻣﻴﺎﻫﺮﻲﻳ ـﺳﺩ ﻥﻮﭼ ﺎﻫﺭﻮﺘ ﻭ ﻡﻼـﮐ
ﻪﻧﺍﺮﻣﺁ ،ﻊﻄﻗ ﻡﻼﮐﺎﻫ ،ﺕﻻﺍﺆﺳ ﻭ ﺪﺼﺗﻳﻖﺮﮔ ﺎﻫﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺍﺭﻲﻩﺩﺮﮐ ﺍﻳﻢ . ﺍ ﻪـﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑﻳ ﻪـﮑﻨ ﻥﺍﺩﺮـﻣ ﺭﺩ
ﻪﻤﻟﺎﮑﻣ ﺎﻫ ﺖﺑﺎﻗﺭﺍﺮﮔ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ،ﻲﻣ ﺭﺎﻈﺘﻧﺍﺩﻭﺭ ﺑﻴﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﺸ ﺭﻮﺘﺳﺩ ﻭ ﻡﻼـﮐ ﻪـﻧﺍﺮﻣﺁ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘـﺳﺍ ﻭ ﺪـﻨﻨﻛ
ﺍﺮﺑﻱ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻥﺩﺍﺩ ﺮﺗﺮﺑﻱﺩﻮﺧ ،ﺑﻴﺮﺘﺸ ﻦﺨﺳ ﻢﻫﺘﺒﺤﺻﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﺸ ﻊﻄﻗ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺮﺑﺲﻜﻋ ﻥﺎﻧﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ
ﻪﻤﻟﺎﮑﻣ ﺎﻫ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﺗﺍﺮﮔ ﻭ ﻣﺖﮐﺭﺎﺸﺍﺮﮔ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ،ﺭﺎﻈﺘﻧﺍ ـﻣﻲﺩﻭﺭ ﺑ ـﻴﺮﺘﺸ ﺯﺍ ﺪﺼـﺗﻳﻖ ﺮـﮔ ﺎـﻫﻭ ﻝﺍﺆـﺳ
ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ .
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻳﺎﻫﺎﻫﻱﺘﺑﺎﻗﺭ ﻡﻼﮐ ﻲﺘﮐﺭﺎﺸﻣ ﻭ ﻲ
ﺕﻻﺍﺆﺳ :
]ﺩﺍﺰﻬﺑ[ﻣ ﻪﭼ ﻻﺎﺣ ـﻲ ؟ﺪﻨﻨﮐ)ﻠﻋﻴﻩﺩﺍﺰ ،١٣٨٤: ٦(.
]ﮒﺭﺰﺑﺭﺩﺎﻣ[ﺍﺮﺑ ـﻱﻧﺎﻤﻬﻣ ﻲﺮﮑﻓ ﻪﭼ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ ﻱ ؟)ﻥﺎﻤﻫ :٧(.
ﻝﺎﺳ ،ﻲﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺩﺍ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ۲۲، ﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﺓ ۷۶
٢٠
]ﺩﺍﺰﻬﺑ[ﺮﮑﻓ ـﻱﻩﺩﺮﮑﻧ ﻡﺍ ،ﮐﻲ ﺎﻫﻫ ؟ﺪﻨﺘﺴ)ﻥﺎﻤﻫ :٧(.
]ﮒﺭﺰﺑﺭﺩﺎﻣ[ﻘﻋ ﻥﺎﺘﻧﺎﺘﺳﻭﺩ ﺓﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ ﺎﻤﺷ ﺓﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ـﻴﻩﺪﺍﻱ ؟ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺪﻧ )ﻥﺎﻤﻫ :١٢.(
ﺪﺼﺗﻳﻖﺎﻫﺮﮔ:
]ﺩﺍﺰﻬﺑ[ﻧ ﻦﻣ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﹰﻼﺻﺍ ـﻴﺖﺴ ،ﺧﻴﻠﻲﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﺟ .
]ﮒﺭﺰﺑﺭﺩﺎﻣ[ﻣ ـﻲﭘ ﻮﺗ ﻢﻤﻬﻓﻴﻩﺪﺷ ﺮﺍﻱ) ...ﻠﻋﻴﻩﺩﺍﺰ ،١٣٨٤ :٨(.
]ﮒﺭﺰﺑﺭﺩﺎﻣ[ﺍ ﻊﻤﺟ ـﻳ ﻞﻤﺤﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺝﺭﺎﺧ ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ﻦﻳﺖﺳﺍ ﺩﺮﻓ ﮏ.
ﺮﺴﻤﻫﺎﻗﺁﻱﭘ ﻴﺍﺪﺻ ﺎﺑ ﺮﻱﺖﻔﮔ ﻪﺘﺴﺴﮔ ﮎﺯﺎﻧ :
] ﮒﺭﺰﺑﺭﺩﺎﻣ ﺮﺷﺎﺒﻣ ﺮﺴﻤﻫ[ ﻣ ﺖﺳﺭﺩ ﻢﻧﺎﺧ ـﻲﻮﮔﻳﺪ ، ﺍ ﺎﺑﻳﻨ ﮎﺩﻮـﮐ ﺵﺭﻭﺮـﭘ ﺏﺎﺘﮐ ﻡﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﻪﭽﺑ ﻪﮑ
ﺯﻳﺩﺎﻩﺪﻧﺍﻮﺧ ﻡﺍ) ﻥﺎﻤﻫ :١٣(.
ﻝﻭﺪﺟ٤.ﺎﻘﻣ ﻳﺘﺑﺎﻗﺭ ﻡﻼﮐ ﺔﺴﻲﺘﮐﺭﺎﺸﻣ ﻭ ﻲ ﻥﺎﻣﺭ ﺭﺩ
ﺐﺷﺎﻫﻱﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ
ﺎﻘﻣﻳ ﻐﺘﻣ ﺔﺴﻴﺎﻫﺮﻱ ﺘﺑﺎﻗﺭ ﻳ ،ﻲﻨﻌﻲ ﻊﻄﻗ ﻭ ﻪﻧﺍﺮﻣﺁ ﻡﻼﮐ ﻡﻼﮐ ﺎـﻫ ﺍ ﺭﺩ ـﻳ ـﻣ ﻥﺎﺸـﻧ ﻥﺎـﻣﺭ ﻦﻲ ﺪـﻫﺩ
ﻧﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓﻲ ﺭﻮﺘﺳﺩ ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﻪﻤﻟﺎﮑﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﺍﺮﻣﺁ ﻡﻼﮐ ﻭ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺍﺩﺮـﻣ ٤٦/٧٨ ﻥﺎـﻧﺯ ﻡﻼـﮐ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺪـﺻﺭﺩ
٥٤/٢١ ﻊﻄﻗ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻭ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻡﻼﮐﺎﻫﻱ ﻣ ﻥﺎﻧﺯ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﺩﺮ١٠٠ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﻔﺻ ﻪﺑ .ﻤﻫ ـﻨﭽﻴ ﺎﻘﻣ ﻦ ـﻳ ﺔﺴ
ﺕﺭﻮﺻﺎﻫﻱ ﺘﮐﺭﺎﺸﻣ ﻲ ﻳ ﻨﻌﻲ ﺪﺼﺗ ﻳﻖﺮﮔ ﺎﻫ ﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺕﻻﺍﺆﺳ ﻭﻲﺪﻫﺩ ﺪﺼـﺗ ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎـﮐﻳﻖ ﺮـﮔ ﺎـﻫ ﺭﺩ
ﻥﺎﻧﺯ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ،٥٠ ﻪﺑ ٥٠ ﻧﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓ ﻭ ﻲ ﺶﺳﺮﭘ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺭﺩ٦٨/٦٨ ﻭ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ
ﻥﺎﻧﺯ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺭﺩ٣٢/٣١ﺻﺭﺩ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺪ.
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺎﻫﻲﺪﻫﺩ ، ﺕﺭﻮـﺻ ﺎـﻫﻱ ﺖـﺑﺎﻗﺭ ﺔـﻤﻟﺎﮑﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺮـﮔ ﺼـﺨﺷ ﻴﺖ ﺎـﻫﻱ ﻥﺯ ﻭ ﺩﺮـﻣ
ﻪﺑ ﺘﺳﺭﺩﻲ ﻪﺑ ﺘﻓﺭ ﺭﺎﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪ . ﻊﻄﻗ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻡﻼﮐ ﺎﻫ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺘﺳﺩ ﻭ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﺑ ﺐـﺗﺍﺮﻣ ـﻴ ﻥﺎـﻧﺯ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﺸ
ﺖﺳﺍ . ﻪﺑ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺷ ﺎﻣﺍ ﺖﺳﺩ ﺪﺼﺗ ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁﻳﻖﺮﮔ ﺎﻫ ﺍ ﺭﺩﻳ ﻨﻌﻣ ﻥﺎﻣﺭ ﻦﻲ ﻧ ﺭﺍﺩﻴﺖﺴ . ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ
ﻣﻘﻴﺪ ﺼﺨﺷ ﻥﺩﻮﺑﻴﺖﺎﻫﻱ ﺍ ﻥﺯ ﻳ ﺎﻋﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺭ ﻦﻳ ﺭﺎﺘﻔﮔ ﺭﺩ ﺏﺩﺍ ﺖ ، ﻣ ﺭﺎﻈﺘﻧﺍﻲﺖﻓﺭ ﻣﻴ ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﻥﺍﺰ
ﺪﺼﺗﻳﻖﺮﮔ ﺎﻫ ﺑ ﻥﺎﻧﺯ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺭﺩﻴ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺮﺘﺸ .ﻤﻫﻨﭽﻴ ﻣ ﻦﻴ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﻥﺍﺰﺎﻫﻱﻟﺍﺆﺳ ﻲ ﺔـﻤﻟﺎﮑﻣ ﺭﺩ
ﺧ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﺑ ﻴ ﻌﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﻧﺯ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﺸﻴ ﺎـﻫﺭﺎﻱ ﻥﺎـﺑﺯ ﻝﻮـﻤﻌﻣ ـﺳﺎﻨﺷﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺪـﻧ ﺖـﻘﺑﺎﻄﻣ
ﻥﺎﻣﺭ ﺐﺷﺎﻫﻱﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ
ﺴﻨﺟ ﻴ ﺖ
ﻐﺘﻣﻴﺎﻫﺮ
ﺩﺮﻣ ﻥﺯ ﻞﮐ
ﺪﺼﺗﻳﻖﺎﻫﺮﮔ ١٦ ١٦ ٣٢
ﺕﺭﻮﺻﺎﻫﻱﻟﺍﺆﺳ ﻲ ٢٦١ ١١٩ ٣٨٠
ﻡﻼﮐ ﻊﻄﻗ ٥ ٠ ٥
ﻪﻧﺍﺮﻣﺁ ﻡﻼﮐ ٥١ ١٤ ٦٥
ﺐﺷ ﻥﺎﻣﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻴﺴﻨﺟ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺔﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﺺﺻ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ۷-۲۶
٢١
ﺯﺍﺍﻳﻦ ﺨﺷ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺮﻈﻨﻣﺼﻴﺖﺎﻫﻱ ﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻝﺎﮑﺷﺍ ﻭ ﺺﻘﻧ ﺭﺎﭼﺩ ﻥﺎﻣﺭ ﻲ ﺪـﺳﺭ . ﺎـﺷﻳ ﻟﺩ ﺪ ـﻴ ﺍ ﻞ ـﻳ ﻦ
ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﺼـﺨﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﻮﺘﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻴ ﻮﻧ ﺖ ـﻳ ﺖﺴـﺟ ﻩﺪﻨﺴ ﻭ ﺩﺮـﮐ ﻮـﺟ .ﻮﻧ ـﻳﻩﺪﻨﺴﺍﻱ ﻩﺪـﻧﻭﺮﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻪـﮐ ﺵﺍ
ﺖﺴﮑﺷﺎﻫﻱ ﺝﺍﻭﺩﺯﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ،ﺑﻴﺭﺎﻤﻱ ﺸﮐﺩﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ﻡﺍﺪﻗﺍ ﻭ ﻲ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺩﻮﻬﺸﻣ ، ﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻩﺪﻨﻧﺍﻮﺧ ـﻳ ﻦ
ﺍﻭ ﺕﻭﺎﻀﻗ ﻲﻣ ﻣ ﻭﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺭﺍﺩﻲ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻤﻋ ـﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﻌﻣ ﺮﻴ ﺎـﻫﺭﺎﻱ ﺬﭘ ﻳ ﻪـﺘﻓﺮ ـﺘﺣ ﻩﺪـﺷﻲ ﻑﺮـﻃ ﺯﺍ
ﻧ ﺵﺩﻮﺧﻴﺰ ﺼﻋﻴ ﻨﻛ ﻥﺎﺪ . ﺑ ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﺖﻠﻋﻴ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺮﺘﺸﺎﻫﻱ ﺸـﺳﺮﭘ ﻲ ﺔـﻤﻟﺎﮑﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺩﺮـﻣ ، ﺩﻮـﺟﻭ
ﻩﺮﻇﺎﻨﻣﺎﻫﻱ ﺼﺨﺷ ﻴﺖﺎﻫﻱ ﺍﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺩﺮﻣ ﻱ ﺑ ﻴ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺮﺘﺸﺎﻫﻱ ﺹﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﻣﺭ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ.
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧﻲ ﺼﺨﺷ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺪﻫﺩﻴﺖﺎﻫﻱ ﺘﺑﺎـﻗﺭ ﹰﻼﻣﺎﮐ ﺩﺮﻣ ﻲ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﺎـﺑ ﻭ ﺮـﻈﻧ ﻪـﺑ ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ
ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻘﻓﻮﻣ ﻩﺍﻮﮔﻴ ﻮﻧ ﺖﻳ ﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﻨﺴﻳ ﻣﺯ ﻦﻴ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﻨ، ﻭ ﺎﻣﺍ ﻳﮔﮋﻲ ﺎـﻫﻱ ﺘﮐﺭﺎﺸـﻣ ﻲ ﻥﺎـﺑﺯ ﺭﺩ
ﺼﺨﺷﻴﺖﺎﻫﻱ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻥﺯ ،ﻦﻳﺍﺯﺍ ﻭﺭ ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ﺔﻧﺎﺑﺩﺆﻣ ﺕﺎﻤﻟﺎﮑﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ،ﻮﻧ ـﻳ ﻪﺘﺴـﻧﺍﻮﺘﻧ ﻩﺪﻨﺴ
ﻳ ﻧﺎـﺑﺯ ﺯﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﺳﺍﻮﺨﻧ ﺎﻲ ﻞـﻣﺎﻌﺗ ﺼـﺨﺷ ﺎـﺑ ﺐـﺳﺎﻨﺘﻣ ﻭ ﺍﺮـﮔﻴ ﻧﺁ ﺖ ﺎـﻬ ﺪـﻨﮐ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘـﺳﺍ . ﻪـﺘﺒﻟﺍ
ﻮﻧﻳﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻡﻭﺩ ﺽﺮﻓ ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻨﺴﻴﻣ ﻕﺩﺎﺻ ﺮﺘﺸﻲﺪﻨﻧﺍﺩ.
٥ .ﻌﻃﺎﻗﻴﻘﻧﺍ ﻭ ﺖﻴﺩﺎ
ﺯﺍ ﻟ ﺮﻈﻧﻴ ﻑﺎﮑ)١٩٧٥ ( ﻪﻧﺎﻌﻃﺎﻗ ﻪﻧﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ، ﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻭ ﻪﻧﻻﺎﺴﮔﺭﺰﺑﻴﻢ ؛ ﻎﻟﺎﺑﺎﻧ ﻪﻧﺎﻧﺯ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﻭ ،ﺧﻴ ـﻠﻲ
ﺳﺭﻲﻤ ﺑ ﻭﻴﻏ ﻭ ﻪﻧﺎﺑﺩﺆﻣ ﺪﺣ ﺯﺍ ﺶﻴﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﻧﺎﻌﻃﺎﻗﺮ) ﺘﻤﻌﻧﻭ ﻲ ﺎﺑﻳﺮ ،٢٠٠٧ :١٨٨(.
ﺭﺍﻳﻥﻮﺴﮑ ، ﺭﺎﺑﹸﺍ ﻭ ﻥﻮﺴﻧﺎﺟ
١٢
) ١٩٧٨ ( ﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺭﺩﺶ ﺎـﻫﻲﻳ ﮏﺒـﺳ ﺎـﻫﻱ ﻭ ﻪـﻧﺍﺪﻨﻤﺗﺭﺪﻗ ﺭﺎـﺘﻔﮔ
ﻌﺿﻴ ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻒﻲ ﻩﺩﺮﮐ ﻝﻻﺪﺘﺳﺍ ﻭ ﮏﺒﺳ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺍﺎﻫﻱ ﺭﺎـﺘﻔﮔ ﻱ ﺎﺟ ﺎـﺑ ﻳ ﻋﺎـﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺕﺭﺪـﻗ ﻭ ﻩﺎـﮕﻲ
ﭘﻴ ﮕﺘﺴﺑﺍﻭ ﻭ ﺪﻧﻮﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ . ﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍﻱ ﺎﺟ ﻳ ﺎﭘ ﻩﺎﮕﻴﻳ ﮏﺒﺳ ﹰﺎﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻦﺎﻫﻱ ﺭﺎﺘﻔﮔ ﻱ ﻌﺿ ﻴ ﻪـﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻒ ﺭﺎـﮐ
ﻣﻲ ﺪﺸﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺮﺑﻳﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐﺪﺎﻫ ،ﺪﻌﺗﻳﻞﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐﺎﻫ ،ﮓﻧﺭﺩﺎﻫ ،ﺕﺭﻮﺻﺎﻫﻱ ﻟﺍﺆﺳ ﻲ) ﻦـﺤﻟ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ
ﺧﻴﻥﺍﺰ ،ﺕﺭﻮﺻﺎﻫﻱ ﻟﺍﺆﺳ ﻲ ﺯ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻳﻭﺮﻢﺑ ﺍﺪـﺻ ( ، ﺕﺭﻮـﺻ ﺎـﻫﻱ ﺧ ﻴ ـﻠﻲ ﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻪـﻧﺎﺑﺩﺆﻣ ﻱ
ﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻭ ﺖﺳﮊﻴ ﺖﺒﺤﺻ ﻡﺎﮕﻨﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ ﻭ ﻻﺎﺑ ﮋ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺍﺮﻤﻫ ؛ﺭﺩ ﻟﺎـﺣﻲ ﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﺍﺮـﻓﺍ ﻪـﮐﻱ ﺎﺟ ﻳ ﻩﺎـﮕ
ﻻﺎﺑﻱ ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻲ ﻪﺑ ﻞﮑﺷ ﺕﺭﺪﻧﺎﻫﻱ ﻌﺿ ﻴ ﻪـﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻒ ـﻣ ﺭﺎـﮐﻲ ﺪـﻧﺮﺑ . ﻧﺁﺯﺍ ﻥﺎـﻧﺯ ﺎـﺠ ﺟﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪـﮐ ﻉﺎـﻤﺘ
ﺎﺟﻳﻫﺎﮕﻲ ﻌﺿ ﻴ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﻒ ، ﻞﮑﺷ ﺯﺍﺎﻫﻱ ﻌﺿ ﻴ ﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﻒﻲ ﻣ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻲ ﺕﺭﻮـﺻ ﺲﮑﻌﻟﺎـﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺎـﻫﻱ
ﻪﻧﺍﺩﺮﻣ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﻧﺍﺪﻨﻤﺗﺭﺪﻗ ﻭ ﻊﻃﺎﻗ) ﺮﻤﺛﺭﺎﻔﻏﻭ ﻠﻋﻲﺸﺨﺑ ،ﻲ٢٠٠٧ :٦٠(.
ﻦﻧﺎﺗ)١٩٩٠ /١٩٩٤/١٩٩٥ (ﺍﻳ ﺛﺄﺗ ﻭ ﻝﺎﺒﻧﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻴ ﻋﺎـﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺮﻲ ﻭ ﻥﺎـﻧﺯ ﺮـﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺪـﺷ
ﺩﺮﮐ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ . ﻮﻤﻋ ﻥﺎﻧﺯ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻭﺍ ﻧ ﺱﺎﺴـﺣﺍ ﻖﺒﻃ ﹰﺎﻣ ـﻴ ﻟﻭﺍ ﺯﺎ ـﻴ ﺗﺭﺍ ﻪـﺑ ﻪ ﻥﺍﺩﺮـﻣ ﻭ ﻁﺎـﺒ
ﻪﺑ ﻟﺩﻴ ﻧ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﺍ ﻞﻴ ﺎﺟ ﻪﺑ ﺯﺎﻳ ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻩﺎﮕ ،ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍﻲ ﻣ ﻲﺪﻧﻮﺷ . ﺍﺮﺑ ﻥﺎﻧﺯﻱ ﻩﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮـﺑ ﻧ ﻥﺩﺮـﮐ ـﻴ ﺯﺎ
ﻮﺧﻳ ﺩ ﺎﺑ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺶﻳ ﺍ ﻥﺍﺮﮕﻳ ﻤﺻ ﺩﺎﺠﻴﻤﻴ ﻣ ﺖﻲﺪﻨﻨﮐ ،ﺭﺩﻟﺎﺣﻲ ﺍﺮﺑ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﻪﮐﻱ ﻩﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮـﺑ ﻥﺩﺮـﮐ
ﻝﺎﺳ ،ﻲﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺩﺍ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ۲۲، ﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﺓ ۷۶
٢٢
ﻧﻴ ﺎﺟ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﺷﺯﺎﻳ ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻩﺎﮕ ،ﻲ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻘﺘﺴـﻣ ﻭ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺪـﺷﻳ ـﻣ ﺖـﺳﺩ ﻥﺍﺮـﮕﻲ ﺪـﻨﻧﺯ .
ﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑﻳ ﺍﺮﺑ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﻭ ﻪﻧﺎﺑﺩﺆﻣ ﻥﺎﻧﺯ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﻦﻱ ﺎﺟ ﺐﺴـﮐ ﻳ ﺮﺗﻻﺎـﺑ ﻩﺎـﮕ ، ﻪـﻧﺍﺪﻨﻤﺗﺭﺪﻗ ﻭ ﻪـﻧﺎﻌﻃﺎﻗ
ﺖﺳﺍ) ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ،٢٠٠٧ :٦١(.
ﺍ ﺭﺩﻳﺍﺮﺑ ﺚﺤﺒﻣ ﻦﻱﻣ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ﻴﻘﻧﺍ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻌﻃﺎﻗ ﻭ ﺩﺎﻴﺭﺎﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﻥﻮﺘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺖ ،ﻱﻐﺘﻣﻴﺎﻫﺮﻲﻳ ﻥﻮﭼ
ﺪﺸﺗﻳﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐﺪﺎﻫ ،ﺪﻌﺗﻳﻞﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐﺎﻫ ،ﻞﻘﻧﻝﻮﻗ ﺎـﻫﻱ ﺘﺴـﻣ ﻘﻴﻢ ، ﺶـﺳﺮﭘ ﺎـﻫﻱ ﻤـﺿ ﻴﻪﻤﺍ ،ﻱ ﺕﻼـﻤﺟ
ﻫﺍﻮﺧﺭﺬﻋ ﻭ ﻡﺎﻤﺗﺎﻧﻲ ﺎﻫ ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺍﺭﻲ ﻩﺩﺮﮐ ﺍﻳﻢ . ﺮﻫ ﻪـﮐ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻢﻠﺴﻣ ـﻧﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓ ﺭﺪـﻗﻲ ﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘـﺳﺍ ـﻳ ﻦ
ﻐﺘﻣﻴﺮ ﺎﻫﺔﻤﻟﺎﮑﻣ ﺭﺩﺼﺨﺷ ﻴﺖﺎﻫﻱﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺭ ﻴﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺮﺘﺸ ،ﻘﻧﺍﻴﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﺩﺎﻲﻧﺁ ﺎﻬﻧﻴﺑ ﺰﻴﺩﻮﺑ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﺮﺘﺸ .
ﺯﺍﺎﺠﻧﺁ ﺍ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐﻳﻧﺍﺮ ،ﻲ ﺎﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻧﺯﻳ ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻩﺎﮕﻲ ﹰﺎﺘﺒﺴـﻧ ﺎـﭘﻴﻳﻨﻲ ﺖـﺤﺗ ﻭ ﺪـﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮـﻗ
ﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﻂﻠﺴﺗﻲ ﻣ ﻲ ﺴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻨﮐﻴﺭﺎﻱﺑ ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺐﻧﺍﻮﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻪ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻥﺍﺮﻫﻮﺷ ﺹﻮﺼﺧ ﺐﺴـﮐ
ﻣ ﺖﻟﺰﻨﻣ ﻭ ﻥﺄﺷﻲﺪﻨﻨﮐ، ﻣ ﺭﺎﻈﺘﻧﺍﻲ ﻣ ﺩﻭﺭﻴ ﻘﻧﺍ ﻥﺍﺰﻴ ﻌﺒﺗ ﻭ ﺩﺎﻴ ﻧﺁ ﺖ ﺎﻬ ﺑ ﺐﺗﺍﺮﻣ ﻪﺑ ـﻴ ﻥﺍﺩﺮـﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﺸ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ
ﺪﺸﺗﻳﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐﺪﺎﻫ:
]ﺩﺍﺰﻬﺑ[ﺮﺗ ﹰﺎﻤﺘﺣ ﺎﻤﺷ ﺪﺼﻗ ـﻧ ﻦﻣ ﻥﺪﻧﺎﺳﻴﺖﺴ) ﻠﻋﻴﻩﺩﺍﺰ ،١٣٨٤ :٧(.
]ﮒﺭﺰﺑﺭﺩﺎﻣ[ﺍﺮﺑ ـﻱﺮﮔﺮﺳ ﻲﻣ ﻫﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﺷﻲﺖﺳﺍ ﹰﺎﻤﺘﺣ ) ﻥﺎﻤﻫ :١٣(.
ﺪﻌﺗﻳﻞﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐﺎﻫ:
]ﻥﺮﺘﺴﻧ[ ـ ...ﺭﺍﺩ ﻮﺗ ﻢﻨﮐ ﺮﮑﻓ ،ﻱ ﻪﻟﺎﺧﻳﺭﻮﺗ ﺯﻮﻠﺑ ﮏﻱﺳ ﻴﺍﺮﺑ ﻩﺎﻳﻩﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﺖ) ...ﻥﺎﻤﻫ :٢٩٧(.
]ﺪﺒﻣﺍﺭ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﻣ[ ـ ...ﻣ ﺮﮑﻓﻲ ﻥﺯ ﻢﻨﮐﻳ ﺪﺷ ﺖﻨﮐ ﮏ)ﻥﺎﻤﻫ :٣٠٢.(
ﺶﺳﺮﭘﺎﻫﻱﻤﺿ ﻴﻤﻪﺍﻱ:
] ﺖﻤﮑﺣ ﻢﻧﺎﺧ[ ﻣ ﺐﺷﺮﺳ ﺯﺍ ـﻲ ﺒﺷ ﻢﺘﻔﮔﻴﭼ ﻪﻲﺘﺴﻫ ﻳ ،ﻲﻤﻬﻓ ﻪﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﮏﻴﻡﺪ ،ﺗﺭﻮﺻ ﺯﺭ ﻞﮑﺷ ،ﻲ
ﻤﻧ ﺮﮑﻓﻲﻨﮐﻴ ؟ﺪ)ﻥﺎﻤﻫ :٢١٢(.
]ﻪﻧﺎﺧﺮﻓﺎﺴﻣ ﺐﺣﺎﺻ[ﻤﻧ ﻩﺍﺭ ﺭﺎﮑﺑﺍﺮﺧ ﻭ ﺩﺎﺘﻌﻣ ﻪﮐ ﻢﺘﻔﮔ ـﻲﻫﺩﻴﻢ ،ﻣ ﻩﺍﺭﻲﻫﺩﻴ ؟ﻢ)ﻥﺎﻤﻫ :٤٥٥.(
ﻞﻘﻧﻝﻮﻗﺎﻫﻱﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻴﻢ :
]ﺷﻴﺩﺍﺯﺮ[ ﺍﻭِﺍ ـﻱ ﺯ ﻳﺎﺒ ، ﻢﻧﺎﺧ ﻢﻧﺎﺧﺎﻫ ، ﺭﺩﻳ ﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﮏ ﮕﻨﺸﻗ ﻑﺮﺣ ﻪﺒﻲ ﻪﺘﻔﮔ ، ﻪﺘﻔﮔ» ﺎـﺗ ﻪﺳ ﻂﻘﻓ
ﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺮﻣﻲ ﺍﺪﻨﺘﺴﮑﺷ ﺍﺮﻣ ﺐﻠﻗ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻡ«) ﻥﺎﻤﻫ :٢٤(.
] ﻥﺮﺘﺴﻧ[ﻨﺷ ـﻴﻩﺪﻟﺎﻇ ﻩﺎﺷ ﻪﮐ ﻡﺍﻲﻤ ﺩﻮﺑ ؛ ﺩﺮﮐ ﺭﻮﮐ ﺍﺭ ﺶﻧﺍﺪﻧﺯﺮﻓ)ﻥﺎﻤﻫ :١٩٨.(
ﻡﺎﻤﺗﺎﻧ ﺕﻼﻤﺟ:
]ﺩﺭﻮﻫﺎﺷﻱ[ﺘﻗﻭ ـﻲﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻢﻧﺎﺧ ﻪﮐ ) ...ﻥﺎﻤﻫ :٤٣٦(.
ﺐﺷ ﻥﺎﻣﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻴﺴﻨﺟ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺔﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﺺﺻ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ۷-۲۶
٢٣
] ﻪﻧﺎﺧﺮﻓﺎﺴﻣ ﺐﺣﺎﺻ[ ﺍ ـﻳﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﺮﺑﺁ ﺎﻣ ﺎﺠﻨﻳﻢ ،ﺒﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺭﺎﮑﺑﺍﺮﺧ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺯﺍﻴﻨﻴ ـﻣ ﻢﻲ ـﺳﺎﻨﺷﻴﻢ ، ﺮـﺒﺧ ﹰﺍﺭﻮـﻓ
ﻣﻲﻫﺩﻴﻢ ،ﺍﻳﻦﻔﻠﺗ ﻦ ﺎﻫ) ...ﻥﺎﻤﻫ :٤٥٥(.
ﻫﺍﻮﺧﺭﺬﻋﻲﺎﻫ:
]ﺯﺮﻓﻳﻦ[ﺶﺨﺒﺑ ﻻﺎﺣ ـ ،ﭼﻴﺰﻱﻤﻧ ﻲﺪﻨﻤﻬﻓ ،ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ) ﻥﺎﻤﻫ :٣٠(.
]ﺩﺭﻮﻫﺎﺷﻱ[ﺧ ـﻴﻠﻲﺸﺨﺒﺑ ﻴﺪ ،ﺮﭘﻓﺮﺣﻲﻡﺩﺮﮐ ) ...ﻥﺎﻤﻫ :٤٣٤.(
ﻝﻭﺪﺟ٥.ﻥﺎﻣﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺎﻴﻘﻧﺍ ﻭ ﺖﻴﻌﻃﺎﻗ ﺔﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ
ﺐﺷﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻥﺎﻣﺭ ﺐﺷ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺖﻴﺴﻨﺟ
ﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ
ﺩﺮﻣ ﻥﺯ
ﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐﺪﻳﺪﺸﺗﺎﻫ ٨٠ ٤٤
ﻞﻳﺪﻌﺗﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐﺎﻫ ٣٦ ١٧
ﻞﻘﻧﻝﻮﻗﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ١٤ ٨
ﺶﺳﺮﭘﻪﻤﻴﻤﺿ ﻱﺎﻫﻱﺍ ٧ ٣
ﻡﺎﻤﺗﺎﻧ ﺕﻼﻤﺟ ٣ ٢
ﻲﻫﺍﻮﺧﺭﺬﻋﺎﻫ ٩ ٠
ﻞﮐ ٣٤٧ ٢٢٩
ﺳﺭﺮﺑﻲ ﺪﺸﺗ ﻳﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛﺪ ﺎﻫﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋﻳﮑﻲ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫﻱ ﻌـﺿ ﻴ ﻒ ﻧﺎـﺑﺯﻲ ـﻣ ﻥﺎﺸـﻧ ﻲ ﺪـﻫﺩ ـﻧﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓﻲ
ﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﻬﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺭﺩ، ﺎﺑ ٥١/٦٤ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ،ﻥﺎﻧﺯ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ، ﺎﺑ ٤٩/٣٥ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ،ﺑﻴ ﺮﺘﺸ
ﺖﺳﺍ . ـﺳﺭﺮﺑﻲ ﺕﺭﻮـﺻ ﺎـﻫﻱ ﻌـﺿ ﻴ ﻧﺎـﺑﺯ ﻒﻲ ﺮـﮕﻳﺩ ﺍ ﻪـﺑ ـﻳ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﺭﺍﺮـﻗ ﻦ : ـﻧﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓﻲ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘـﺳﺍ
ﺪﻌﺗﻳﻞ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺎﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺭﺩ٩٢/٦٧ ﺎـﺑ ﻥﺎـﻧﺯ ﻥﺎـﺑﺯ ﻪـﺑ ﺖﺒﺴـﻧ ﺪـﺻﺭﺩ ٠٧/٣٢ ـﺻﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺪ
ﻞﻘﻧ ﻝﻮﻗﺎﻫﻱ ﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻴ ﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻢﻴ ﻪﻤﻟﺎﮑﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺐ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖﺒﺴـﻧ ﻪـﺑ ﻥﺎـﻧﺯ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ ٦٣/٦٣ ﻪـﺑ ﺪـﺻﺭﺩ
٣٧/٣٦ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ،ﺶﺳﺮﭘﺎﻫﻱ ﻤﺿ ﻴﻪﻤﺍﻱ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺎﺑ ٧٠ ﻪﺑ ٣٠ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ،ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖﺒﺴـﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻡﺎﻤﺗﺎﻧ
٦٠ ﻪﺑ٤٠ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﺎﻬﻧ ـﻳ ﻫﺍﻮﺧﺭﺬـﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘـﺳﺍ ﺖﻲ ﻪـﻤﻟﺎﮑﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺎـﻫ ﻗ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺩﺮـﻣ ـﻴﺎ ﺎـﺑ ﺱ
ﻪﻤﻟﺎﮑﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﻧﺯ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ١٠٠ﺮﻔﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺑﻴﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﺘﺸ.
ﺳﺭﺮﺑﻲ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺎﻫﻱ ﻌﺿ ﻴ ﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﻒﻲ ﻪﻤﻟﺎﮑﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺼﺨﺷ ﻴﺖﺎﻫﻱ ﺍ ﻳ ـﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻥﺎﻣﺭ ﻦﻲ ﺪـﻫﺩ
ﻣﻴ ﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻥﺍﺰﻳﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻦ ﺎﻫﺑ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺭﺩﻴﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﻧﺯ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﺸ ،ﺭﺩﻟﺎﺣﻲ ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ ﺎـﺑ ﻪﮐ
ﻪﻧﺎﺑﺩﺆﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﺖﺑﺎﻗﺭ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻧﺯ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﻪﻧﺎﻌﻃﺎﻗ ﻭ ﺍﺮﮔ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ،ﺎﺑ ـﻳ ـﮐ ﺪ ﺕﺭﻮـﺻ ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎ ﺎـﻫﻱ
ﻌﺿﻴ ﻪﻤﻟﺎﮑﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻒ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺑ ﻥﺎﻧﺯ ـﻴ ﺩﺮـﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﺸﺍ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ ﻥ . ﺮـﺑﺍﻳﻦ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪـﺑ ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ ﺎـﺑ ﻭ ﺱﺎـﺳﺍ ـﻳ ﺕﺎ
ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ،ﻮﻧﻳ ﻪﺘﺴﻧﺍﻮﺘﻧ ﻩﺪﻨﺴﻳ ﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﺳﺍﻮﺨﻧ ﺎﻲ ﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﻌﻃﺎﻗ ﻱ ﺼـﺨﺷ ﻴﺖ ﺎـﻫﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺮـﻣ
ﻧﺎﺑﺯﻲ ﻏ ﻴ ﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﻌﻃﺎﻗﺮﻱ ﺼﺨﺷ ﻴﺖﺎﻫﻱ ﺍ ﻥﺯ ﻳ ﺪﻨﮐ ﺩﺎﺠ .ﺯﺍﺍﻳﻦ ﻅﺎﺤﻟ ﺎﮑﻣ ﻪـﻤﻟ ﻱﺎـﻫ ﺮـﻈﻧ ﺎـﺑ ﻥﺎـﻣﺭ
ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﺖﻘﺑﺎﻄﻣ ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ.
ﻝﺎﺳ ،ﻲﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺩﺍ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ۲۲، ﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﺓ ۷۶
٢٤
ﮐﺪﻧﺍ ﺎﺑﻲ ﺣﻭﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻗﺩ ﻴﺔ ﻠﻋ ﻴ ﻣ ﻩﺩﺍﺰﻲ ﻟﺩ ﻥﺍﻮﺗﻴ ﺑ ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﻞﻴ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺮﺘﺸﺎﻫﻱ ﻌﺿ ﻴ ﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﻒﻲ ﺍﺭ
ﻪﻤﻟﺎﮑﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻤﻬﻓ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﻴﺪ. ﺯﺍ ﻭﺍ ﻮﻧ ﻪﻠﻤﺟﻳ ﻤﻓ ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻨﺴﻴﻨﻴﺘﺴﻲ ﻪـﺑ ﺎـﭘ ﻞﻬﭼ ﺔﻫﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺩﻮﺑ
ﻮﻧ ﺔﺻﺮﻋﻳﮔﺪﻨﺴﻲ ﻱﺎﻘﺗﺭﺍ ﻑﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺖﺷﺍﺬﮔ ﺎﺟ ﻳ ﺭﻻﺎـﺳﺩﺮﻣ ﺮـﺑ ﻕﻮـﻔﺗ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻧﺯ ﻩﺎﮕﻱ ﺮـﺑ ﻢﮐﺎـﺣ
ﻉﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻢﻠﻗﺩﺯ؛ ﻮﻧ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺢﺿﺍﻭﺮﭘ ﻳﻩﺪﻨﺴﺍﻱ ﺣﻭﺭ ﺎﺑ ﻴ ﻧﺯ ﺕﺎﺎ ﻌـﺳ ﻪﻧﻲ ـﻣ ﻲ ﺪـﻨﮐ ﻥﺯ ﻥﺎـﻧﺎﻣﺮﻬﻗ
ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍﺩﺎﻫﻳ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺍﺭ ﺶﻱ ﻮﻗ ﻱ ﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻱ ﺼﺨﺷ ﻴﺘﻲ ﺭﻮﺤﻣ ﻱ ﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﻲ ﺪﻨﮐ ، ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﹰﺎﻓﺮﺻ ﻪﻧ ﻱ ﻞﻌﻔﻨﻣ
ﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﻱ ﺼﺨﺷ ﻴﺘﻲﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﻪﺘﺴﺑﺍﻭ ﭘ ﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﺭﺎﻨﮐﻴﻣ ﺍﺪﻲﺪﻨﻨﮐ .ﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑﻳ ـﻣ ﺮـﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻦﻲ ﻭﺍ ﺪـﺳﺭ
ﻪﺘﺳﺍﻮﺧ ﹰﺍﺪﻤﻋ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺼﺨﺷﻴﺖﺎﻫﻱ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺍﺭ ﺶﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍﺩ ﻥﺯ ﻱ ـﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﺪﻨﻤﺗﺭﺪﻗ ﻭ ﻊﻃﺎﻗ ﻲ ﺎـﺗ ﺪـﻨﮐ
ﺮﻓﻳﺩﺎﻱﺭﺩ ﺵﻮﻣﺎﺧ ﺭﻻﺎﺳﺩﺮﻣ ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑﻱﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺮﺑ ﻢﮐﺎﺣ ﺭﺎﮔﺯﻭﺭ ﺪﻫﺩﺮﺳ ﺵ .
ﺘﻧﻴﻪﺠ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ
ﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻞﺻﺎﺣﻲ ﻥﺎﻣﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻫﺩ
ﺐﺷﺎﻫﻱ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ
ﹰﺎﺒﻟﺎﻏ ﻥﺎﻧﺯ ﺳﺭ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺯﺍﻲﻤ ﻌﻣ ﻭﻴ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﺭﺎ
ﻣﻲﺪﻧﺮﺑ؛ ﻪﺑ ﺭﻮﻃﻱ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﻩﮊﺍﻮﺷﺩ ﺕﺭﺪﻧ ﺎﻫ ﻣﺎﻋ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﮐ ﻭﻴ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﺎﺖﻔﮔ ﻥﺎﺸﻳﺎﻫﻮﮔﻭ ﺩ ﻳ ـﻣ ﻩﺪﻲ ﺩﻮـﺷ .
ﺯﺍﺍﻳﻦ ﻪﺘﺷﺬﮔ، ﻣﻴ ﻧ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﺓﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻥﺍﺰﻴ ﻣﺎﻋ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﮐ ﺯﺍ ﺰﻴ ﺴﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﻴ ﺮـﺑ ﻭ ﮎﺪﻧﺍ ﺭﺎ ﻌﻣ ﻑﻼﺧﻴ ﺎـﻫﺭﺎﻱ
ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺳﺎﻨﺷﻲ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻣ ﺮﻈﻧﻲ ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺔﻘﺒﻃ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻮﺳ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺪﺳﺭﻲﺼﺨﺷ ﻴﺖ ﺎﻫ ﺭﺩﻥﺁﺧﺩ ـﻴ ﻞ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ .ﻘﺤﺗﻴﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺕﺎﻘﺿﺮﻓ ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷﻴﺑ ﺓﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺔﻴ ﺎﻫﺭﻮﺘـﺳﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺍﺩﺮـﻣ ﺮﺘﺸ ﻪـﻧﺍﺮﻣﺁ ﻡﻼـﮐ ﻭ
ﺪﺸﺗ ﺮﻣﺍ ﹰﺎﺻﻮﺼﺨﻣﻳﺪﻱ ﺄﺗ ﺍﺭ ﻴﻳ ﻣ ﺪﻲﺪﻨﮐ .ﻳﻪﺘﻓﺎ ﺎﻫ ﺍ ﺭﺩﻳ ﻮﮔ ﻥﺎﻣﺭ ﻦﻳﺎﻱ ﺍ ـﻳ ﻪـﮐ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻪﻠﺌﺴـﻣ ﻦ
ﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﺎﻫﺭﻮﺘﺳﺩ ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻧﺯ ﺕﺴﺑ ﺮﻣﺍﻭﺍ ﻭ ﻴﺯ ﺭﺎﻳ ﻭ ﺩﺎﻦﻴﺒﻣﻪﻄﻠﺳ ﺮﮔﻱ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻥﺍﺩﺮـﻣ .
ﻨﭽﻤﻫﻴ ﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻦﻲ ﺑ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﺪﻫﺩﻴ ﻣ ﻊﻄﻗ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﻧﺯ ﻡﻼﮐ ﺮﺘﺸﻲﺪﻨﻨﮐ، ﻧ ﻥﺎﻧﺯ ﺮﮔﺍ ﺎﻣﺍﻴ ﻪﺑ ﺰ ﻪﺑ ﺕﺭﺪﻧ
ﺍﻳ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻡﺍﺪﻗﺍ ﺭﺎﮐ ﻦ ،ﺑﻴ ﺍﺮﺑ ﺮﺘﺸﻱ ﺎﻤﺣ ﻳ ﻮﮔ ﺯﺍ ﺖﻳ ﻪﻄﻠﺳ ﺎﺗ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻨﺮﮔﻱ ﻭﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻪﺒﻠﻏ ﻭ . ﻥﺎـﻣﺭ ﺭﺩ
ﺐﺷﺎﻫﻱ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ
ﺎﻋﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻧﺯ ﻳ ﻤﻫﺍ ﻪﻤﻟﺎﮑﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺖﮐﺍﺰﻧ ﻭ ﺏﺩﺍ ﺖﻴ ﺑ ﺖﻴﺮﺘﺸﻱ ﻣ ﻲ ﻫ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻫﺩﻴﭻ ﻩﺎـﮔ
ﻢﻫ ﻦﺨﺳ ﻤﻧ ﻊﻄﻗ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺖﺒﺤﺻﻲﺪﻨﻨﮐ، ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎـﻨﺑ ﺼـﺨﺷ ﻥﺎـﺑﺯ ﻴﺖ ﺎـﻫﻱ ﻭ ﻥﺯ ﺮـﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺩﺮـﻣ
ﺘﺑﺎﻗﺭﻲ ﺘﮐﺭﺎﺸﻣ ﻭ ﻲ ﻪﺑ ﹰﻼﻣﺎﮐ ﺘﺳﺭﺩﻲ ﻞﻜﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺖﺳﺍ . ﺑ ﻢﻬﺳ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣﻴﺮﺘﺸﻱ ﻊﻄﻗ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻡﻼـﮐ
ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﻧﺍﺮﻣﺁ ﻡﻼﮐ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍﺪﺼﺗﻳﻖﺮﮔ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺎـﻧﺯ ﺎـﺑ ﻭﺎﺴـﻣ ﻱ ـﻫ ﺪﻨﺘﺴ . ﻥﺎـﺑﺯ ﻥﺎـﺳﺎﻨﺷ
ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍﻲ ﺑ ﻪ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺹﻮﺼﺧﻱ ﻟ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻴ ﻧﺎـﺑﺯ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺍﺩﺮـﻣ ﻪـﮐ ﺪـﻧﺪﻘﺘﻌﻣ ﻑﺎـﮑﻲ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘـﺳﺍ ﻪـﻧﺎﻌﻃﺎﻗ
ﻣﻲ ﮐﺪﻨﻨ ،ﺭﺩ ﭘ ﻭ ﻞﻌﻔﻨﻣ ﻥﺎﺷﺭﺎﺘﻔﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻧﺯ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﻣﻴ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﻭﺮ . ﺍ ﺭﺩﻳ ﺍﺮـﺑ ﻪـﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﻱ ﺍ ـﻳ ﻦ
ﺪﺸﺗ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣﻳﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐﺪﺎﻫ ،ﺪﻌﺗﻳﻞﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐﺎﻫ ،ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺎـﻫﻱ ﻟﺍﺆـﺳ ،ﻲ ﻘﺘﺴـﻣ ﻝﻮـﻗ ﻞـﻘﻧﻴﻢ ، ﺕﻻﺍﺆـﺳ
ﻤﺿﻴﻪﻤﺍ ،ﻱ ﻫﺍﻮﺧﺭﺬﻋ ﻭ ﻡﺎﻤﺗﺎﻧ ﺕﻼﻤﺟﻲﺎﻫﻱﺼﺨﺷ ﻴﺖ ﺎﻫﺰﺠﺗﻳﻠﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻪﻴ ﻞ ﺪـﺷ .ﺘﻧﻴ ﻪـﻜﻨﻳﺍ ﻪـﺠ
ﺼﺨﺷ ﻢﻬﺳﻴﺖﺎﻫﻱ ﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺯ ﺪﺸﺗ ﺩﺮﻳﺮﮔﺪ ﺎﻫﺑﻴ ﺮﺘﺸ ﺖـﺳﺍ، ﻐﺘﻣ ﺎـﻣﺍ ـﻴﺮ ﺮـﮕﻳﺩ ﻱﺎـﻫ ﻊـﻔﻧ ﻪـﺑ
ﺼﺨﺷﻴﺖﺎﻫﻱ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺩﺮﻣ .ﺮﺑﺍﻳﻦ ﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺱﺎـﺳﺍ ـﻳ ـﺿﺮﻓ ﻪـﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﻴ ﻟ ﺔﻴ ﺭﺩ ﻑﺎـﮑ ﺓﺭﺎـﺑﻘﻧﺍ ـﻴ ﻭ ﻥﺎـﻧﺯ ﺩﺎ
ﺐﺷ ﻥﺎﻣﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻴﺴﻨﺟ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺔﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﺺﺻ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ۷-۲۶
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ﻌﻃﺎﻗﻴ ﺄﺗ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﺖﻴﻳﻤﻧ ﺪﻲﺩﻮﺷﻪﻛ ﻟﺩﻴ ﻞﻲﻠﺻﺍﻣ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺁ ﻲﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﮔﺪـﻧﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻲ ﺻﻮﺼـﺧ ﻲ ﻞـﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻭ
ﺣﻭﺭﻲﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﻭ ﻲﻮﻧ ﻳﺖﺴﺟ ﻩﺪﻨﺴ ﻭﺩﺮﮐ ﻮﺟ.
ﻲﭘ ﺖﺷﻮﻧ
1.Sapir
2.Labov
3.Brand
4.Du Bois
5.Crouch
6.Trudgil
7.Baron
8.Cameron
9.Goodwin
10.Engle's
11.West
12.Erikson & Johnson & O'Barr
ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ
ﻩﺪﻴﭙﺳ ،ﺏﺎﺑﺭﺍ)۱۳۹۱ (»ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﻭ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑﻩﮊﺍﻮﺷﺩ ﻱﺪﻨﺑﻪﻣﺎﻋ ﻝﻭﺍﺪﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﺞﻳﺍﺭ ﻱﺎﻫ« .
ﺮﺸﻧﺔﻳ
ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﻱﺎﻫﻲﻘﻴﺒﻄﺗ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ
.ﻡﻭﺩ ﻝﺎﺳ .ﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﺓ۴ :۱۰۷- ۱۲۴.
ﻣﺍﻴﻦ ، ﻦﺴﺣ)١٣٨٤(
ﺑﺩﺍﻴﺍ ﺮﺻﺎﻌﻣ ﺕﺎﻳﻥﺍﺮ
.ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ :ﺍﺩﻳﺮةﺍ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻟﺍﻳﻥﺍﺮﺳﺎﻨﺷﻲ.
ﻲﻨﻤﻬﺑ ﻖﻠﻄﻣ ، ﻭ ﷲﺍﺪﻳ ﺲﮔﺮﻧﻱﺮﻗﺎﺑ )١٣٩١ (»ﺔﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻥﺎـﻧﺯ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﻝﻼـﺟ ﻭ ﺭﻮﺸـﻧﺍﺩ ﻦﻴﻤﻴـﺳ ﺭﺎـﺛﺁ ﺭﺩ
ﻝﺁ ﺪﻤﺣﺍ«.
ﺔﻣﺎﻨﻠﺼﻓﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻭ ﻥﺯ
. ﻡﻮﺳ ﻝﺎﺳ. ﺓﺭﺎﻤﺷ ١١: ٤٣-٥٩.
ﮔﺩﺍﺮﺗﻴﻞ ،ﭘﻴ ﺮﺘ)١٣٧٦ (
ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺎﻨﺷﺳﻲ ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻲ، ﺪﻣﺁﺭﺩﻱ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺮﺑ
. ﺔـﻤﺟﺮﺗ ﺎـﺒﻃﺎﺒﻃ ﺪـﻤﺤﻣﻲﻳ.
ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ :ﻪﮔﺁ.
ﻠﺳﻮﺗ ،ﻲﻫﺎﻧﻴ ﺪ)١٣٨٥( »ﺱﻮﭘﺎﺘﺧﺍ ، ﻣﻮﺳ ﺖﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻪﺑﻴ ﻠﻋ ﻪﻟﺍﺰﻏ ﮒﺮﻤﻟﺎﺳ ﻦﻴﻩﺩﺍﺰ« .
ﺮﺸﻧﻳﺔ ﺩﺁ ﻳﻪﻨ
. ﺓﺭﺎﻤﺷ
١٣٨: ٨٦-٨٧.
ﻥﺎﺟﺩﺍﮋﻧ ، ﻦﺴﺤﻣ)١٣٨٠( » ﻭ ﻥﺎﺑﺯﺴﻨﺟﻴﺖ : ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ؛ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻣ ـﻴ ﻥﺎ
ﮔﻮﻳﺍ ﻥﺯ ﻭ ﺩﺮﻣ ﻥﺍﺭﻮﺸﻳﻧﺍﺮﻲﻪﻤﻟﺎﮑﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺍﻱ« .ﺎﭘﻳﻥﺎﺔﻣﺎﻧﻱﺮﺘﮐﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ.
ﻲﻧﺎﻛﺩﺭﺍ ﻱﺭﻭﺍﺩ ، ﻭ ﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﻪﻴﻄﻋ ﺭﺎـﻴﻋ )١٣٨٧( » ﺶﻫﻭﮋـﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻲـﺷﺎﻜﻨﻛ ﻥﺎـﺑﺯ ﻱﺎـﻫ ﺖﻴﺴـﻨﺟ ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨـﺷ«.
ﺔﻣﺎﻨﻠﺼﻓﻥﺎﻧﺯ ﻱﺩﺮﺒﻫﺍﺭ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
. ﻢﻫﺩﺯﺎﻳ ﻝﺎﺳ. ﺷﺓﺭﺎﻤ ٤٢: ١٦٢- ١٨٢.
ﻠﻋﻴﻩﺩﺍﺰ ،ﻪﻟﺍﺰﻏ) ١٣٨٤(
ﺐﺷﺎﻫﻱﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ
.ﭼﻡﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﭖﺎ. ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ :ﺱﻮﺗ.
ﺪﻤﺤﻣﻱﻞﺻﺍ ، ﺱﺎﺒﻋ)١٣٨٨(
ﺴﻨﺟﻴﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺎﻨﺷﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻲ
.ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ :ﻞﮔﺫﺁﻳﻦ.
ﺷﻮﻧﻴﻦﺮﻓ ،ﻭﻳ ﺍﺪ)١٣٨١( » ﺴﻨﺟ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺑﺯﻴﺖ« .
ﺑﺩﺍ ﺓﺪﮑﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺔﻠﺠﻣﻴ ﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻲ ﺑ ﻴﺪﻨﺟﺮ
. ﺓﺭﺎﻤـﺷ ٢ :
١٨١-١٨٨.
ﻝﺎﺳ ،ﻲﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺩﺍ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ۲۲، ﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﺓ ۷۶ <