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EVALUATING MOBILE SHOPPING PURCHASE INTENTION AMONGST GEN Y: EVIDENCE FROM MALAYSIA
Abstract
Generation Y is known as Millennials and also acknowledged as sophisticated and technology wise for which the internet became their forte. With the advancements of Internet technology especially the usage of smartphone to shop online, mobile shopping in this generation is significant and critical for exploration. While a large number of mobile phone consumers are connected to the Internet, it is also variety of online promotion appears aggressively to attract the customers'. As such research on what drives consumers to purchase online has typically been fragmented. In Malaysia setting, it is reported that-mobile phone users were dominated by generation Y users. As the reports indicate, users fully embrace the concept of getting connected everywhere at any time. With pattern showing increasing consumer subscriptions for mobile data usage, it thus indicates the importance of the purchase intentions of online users among Gen Y. The aim of this paper is to model the effect of the Gen Y consumers' usefulness, ease of use and enjoyment of their online behaviors on mobile purchase intention. This research is to propose that when Gen Y consumers shop online through mobile applications, their behavior is an important factor in terms of usefulness, ease of use and enjoyment to influence the consumer's intention. To test this proposition, one hundred and sixty usable responses were collected using non-probability sampling. The conceptual model was tested using correlation and regression analysis. The findings show that the effect of a consumer's perception on the usefulness, ease of use and enjoyment of online shopping towards purchase intentions were significant. We conclude that Gen Y has a strong influence on mobile purchase intentions. Research implications, limitations and suggestions for future researches were also discussed Keywords: Gen Y, usefulness, ease of use, enjoyment and online purchase intention.
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Since the past two decades, Generation Y consumers have become global marketers’ interest due to their spending power and high likely to engage in impulse buying behaviour. Very little research investigates the impulse buying behaviour of Generation Y and existing research do not look into the possible factors of impulse buying behaviour as an integrative approach. The main objective of the research is to integrate all the possible factors with its dimensions and examine its simultaneous relationship with impulse buying behaviour. A survey questionnaire was administered to convenient sample of 250 Generation Y consumers of fashion apparel. The results show that demographic factor (gender) has the strongest impact on impulse buying behaviour, followed by situational and personal factors. Interesting finding is that demographic factor (income); situational factor (social influence) and personal factor (extraversion) do not stimulate impulse buying behaviour of Generation Y. These findings may enable global marketers to develop an effective market segmentation strategy.
This study tested a model that organizes and presents factors that lead consumers to buy online. The model contained four explanatory variables (generalized innovativeness, innovativeness toward online buying, involvement with the Internet, and frequency of Internet use) and two response variables (amount of past purchasing done over the Internet and likelihood of future online purchase). A sample of 107 undergraduates reported their Internet-related attitudes and behaviors in the context of a longitudinal survey of purchasing behavior. Path analysis showed that a slightly modified model fit the data well. Frequency of online buying and intent to buy online in the future were predicted by general innovativeness, an innovative predisposition toward buying online, and involvement with the Internet. Thus, these appear to be important predictors of online buying that can help profile consumers for marketing strategy.
] The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of perceived risk and Internet self-efficacy on the consumers' intentions to use online channels for purchases in Jordan. To examine the above perception, a research model is proposed based on an extended version of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). A non-probability sampling technique has been used in this study to collect data by means of a self-administered questionnaire that was developed from previously validated measurements. Ten hypotheses were formulated and tested by Partial Least Squares (PLS) path modeling technique. The empirical findings reveal that perceived risk, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease-of-use have direct impact on the consumers' behavioral intention to use online channel for purchase. Furthermore, the current findings display that the Internet self-efficacy has no direct significant impact on consumers' intention to shop online in Jordan. However, the Internet self-efficacy has indirect influence on consumers' intentions toward online shopping through the intermediating factors of perceived usefulness and perceived ease-of-use. It can be concluded that perceived ease-of-use, perceived usefulness, perceived risk, and Internet self-efficacy can be considered important determinants in influencing consumers' intentions toward online shopping behavior in Jordan. Managerial implications are provided.
Research dealing with various aspects of* the theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 1985,
1987) is reviewed, and some unresolved issues are discussed. In broad terms, the theory is
found to be well supported by empirical evidence. Intentions to perform behaviors of different
kinds can be predicted with high accuracy from attitudes toward the behavior, subjective
norms, and perceived behavioral control; and these intentions, together with perceptions of
behavioral control, account for considerable variance in actual behavior. Attitudes, subjective
norms, and perceived behavioral control are shown to be related to appropriate sets of salient
behavioral, normative, and control beliefs about the behavior, but the exact nature of these
relations is still uncertain. Expectancy value formulations are found to be only partly
successful in dealing with these relations. Optimal rescaling of expectancy and value
measures is offered as a means of dealing with measurement limitations. Finally, inclusion of
past behavior in the prediction equation is shown to provide a means of testing the theory*s
sufficiency, another issue that remains unresolved. The limited available evidence concerning
this question shows that the theory is predicting behavior quite well in comparison to the
ceiling imposed by behavioral reliability.
There is an increasing attention being accorded to mobile marketing activities in recent business management literature in the past decade as both academicians and practitioners recognize that mobile activities have potential influence on mobile marketing acceptance and customer purchase intention. Notwithstanding this, there is dearth of research on the same in the African context. In view of this development, the purpose of this research paper is to investigate the extent to which mobile marketing activities influence customers’ mobile marketing acceptance and their purchase intention in South Africa. Five research hypotheses are postulated and using data collected from mobile marketing activities partakers, the hypotheses are tested using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) approach (Smart PLS). Managerial implications of the findings are discussed and limitations and future research directions are indicated.
When people wakefully rest in the functional MRI scanner, their minds wander, and they engage a so-called default mode (DM) of neural processing that is relatively suppressed when attention is focused on the outside world. Accruing evidence suggests that DM brain systems activated during rest are also important for active, internally focused psychosocial mental processing, for example, when recalling personal memories, imagining the future, and feeling social emotions with moral connotations. Here the authors review evidence for the DM and relations to psychological functioning, including associations with mental health and cognitive abilities like reading comprehension and divergent thinking. This article calls for research into the dimensions of internally focused thought, ranging from free-form daydreaming and off-line consolidation to intensive, effortful abstract thinking, especially with socioemotional relevance. It is argued that the development of some socioemotional skills may be vulnerable to disruption by environmental distraction, for example, from certain educational practices or overuse of social media. The authors hypothesize that high environmental attention demands may bias youngsters to focus on the concrete, physical, and immediate aspects of social situations and self, which may be more compatible with external attention. They coin the term constructive internal reflection and advocate educational practices that promote effective balance between external attention and internal reflection.
© The Author(s) 2012.
Information technology (IT) acceptance research has yielded many competing models, each with different sets of acceptance determinants. In this paper, we (1) review user acceptance literature and discuss eight prominent models, (2) empiri- cally compare the eight models and their exten- sions, (3) formulate a unified model that integrates elements across the eight models, and (4) empiri- cally validate the unified model. The eight models reviewed are the theory of reasoned action, the technology acceptance model, the motivational model, the theory of planned behavior, a model combining the technology acceptance model and the theory of planned behavior, the model of PC utilization, the innovation diffusion theory, and the social cognitive theory. Using data from four organizations over a six-month period with three points of measurement, the eight models ex- plained between 17 percent and 53 percent of the variance in user intentions to use information technology. Next, a unified model, called the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Tech- nology (UTAUT), was formulated, with four core determinants of intention and usage, and up to four moderators of key relationships. UTAUT was then tested using the original data and found to outperform the eight individual models (adjusted
Much previous research has established that perceived ease of use is an important factor influencing user acceptance and usage behavior of information technologies. However, very little research has been conducted to understand how that perception forms and changes over time. The current work presents and tests an anchoring and adjustment-based theoretical model of the determinants of system-specific perceived ease of use. The model proposes control (internal and external--conceptualized as computer self-efficacy and facilitating conditions, respectively), intrinsic motivation (conceptualized as computer playfulness), and emotion (conceptualized as computer anxiety) as anchors that determine early perceptions about the ease of use of a new system. With increasing experience, it is expected that system-specific perceived ease of use, while still anchored to the general beliefs regarding computers and computer use, will adjust to reflect objective usability, perceptions of external control specific to the new system environment, and system-specific perceived enjoyment. The proposed model was tested in three different organizations among 246 employees using three measurements taken over a three-month period. The proposed model was strongly supported at all points of measurement, and explained up to 60% of the variance in system-specific perceived ease of use, which is twice as much as our current understanding. Important theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
These days we can do many things with mobile phones, which probably explains why consumers have adopted mobile devices faster than any other consumer product. In Australia, most households have a mobile phone and it is the young who own and use them most. In a year or two, there will be more mobiles than PCs and they will be as common as TV sets. But what might they be used for? Will m-commerce revolutionise retailing or be a failure? Such speculation led us to investigate intentions to use mobile phones for shopping among university students using a web-based survey. We tested a series of hypotheses based on the literature on non-store purchase environments and data were analysed using stepwise discriminant analysis. We found that owners of mobile phones, who have a high intention to use them for shopping, are more experienced with other non-store purchase environments and have a low concern for online fraud and privacy risk than those with a low intention to m-shop. Limitations, implications, and further research are discussed. Yes Yes
Purpose
– With recent advances in internet technologies, internet of things (IoT) technology is having an increasing impact on our daily lives, and beginning to offer interesting and advantageous new services. The current research aims to develop and test an integrative model of factors determining consumers' acceptance of IoT technology.
Design/methodology/approach
– Based on technology acceptance model (TAM), the authors proposed an IoT acceptance model that consists of three technology factors (perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and trust); one social context factor (social influence); and two individual user characteristics (perceived enjoyment and perceived behavioral control). Data from 368 Chinese consumers were used to test the research model through the use of structural equation modeling.
Findings
– The results showed particularly strong support for the effects of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, social influence, perceived enjoyment, and perceived behavioral control. However, trust played an insignificant role in predicting the intention. In addition, perceived ease of use and trust were found to affect perceived usefulness. Compared with the individual TAM model, the integrated model provides more explanation on user behavioral intention toward IoT usage.
Originality/value
– The integrated model explores the driving factors of individuals' willingness to use IoT technology from the perspectives of the technology itself, social context and individual user characteristic. It links the constructs of social influence, enjoyment, and perceived behavioral control to the TAM and successfully extends TAM in the IoT technology context.
While mobile shopping (m-shopping) is convenient in the age of mobile commerce, many people still discontinue their shopping using mobile devices even though they have the experience. Therefore, it is important for the m-shopping providers to understand the determinants of m-shopping continuance. This study extended Expectation-Confirmation Model (ECM) to examine the determinants of m-shopping continuance by incorporating trust. There were 244 effective questionnaires obtained for survey analysis. The results showed that trust can overcome the limitations of ECM on predicating m-shopping continuance and improve the explanatory power of initial ECM.
Purpose
– The aim of this research is to propose a new prospective and methodology to explore how design affordance affects smartphone usage with a contextual approach to investigating the relationship among design features, functional affordance, descriptive beliefs, and inferential beliefs.
Design/methodology/approach
– This research was conducted in two phases to explore the effect of design affordance on adoption of smartphone. In the first phase, the paper investigated how smartphone's innovative design features afford user's functional perception. Subsequently, two affordance-based beliefs – intuition and diversity – were elicited from the design features of smartphone's user interface. In the second phase, a theoretical model was developed and empirically assessed for exploring the effects of the elicited affordance-based variables along with the innovation diffusion theory (IDT) variables on smartphone adoption.
Findings
– Results show that the diversity has significant positive effect on both perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use of smartphone usage. However, the effect of intuition is significant on perceived ease of use but not on perceived usefulness. Of the IDT variables, only relative advantage is statistically significant for attitudes.
Research limitations/implications
– The paper only focused on exploring some innovative design features and associated affordances for smartphone adoption. Other design features should be taken into consideration in future research.
Practical implications
– The result of this research implies that managers or designers should take advantage of the current advanced technology to develop diverse and intuitive design features on smartphone for attracting user's attention and affection.
Originality/value
– There is a contradiction in prior studies concerning the explanations for the causes of ICT artifact adoption while preserving both the generalizability of TAM model and the accuracy and salience to practice. This research contributes a new vision and methodology to explain what and how innovative design features influence user's attitudes towards smartphone usage from the affordance perspective.
Purpose
This study aims to examine mobile shoppers' shopping motivations compared with those of non‐mobile shoppers (i.e. potential adopters) and to identify driving motivations for consumers to use the mobile shopping channel.
Design/methodology/approach
A sample of 400 mobile service users was drawn from a purchased consumer panel who completed a web‐based survey. Multiple discriminant analysis was used to analyze the data.
Findings
The results indicate that idea, efficiency, adventure, and gratification shopping motivations are significant determinants of mobile shoppers, implying that those shopping motivations are push factors of mobile shopping.
Research limitations/implications
The sample of this study consists primarily of US consumers with the largest group of respondents aged 19 to 30 years old; thus, the result may have a limited application to other countries and other age groups. Future research is encouraged to categorize mobile shopping service characteristics into shopping motivations and value.
Practical implications
The results suggest that idea, efficiency, adventure, and gratification shopping motivations need to be incorporated into the development of mobile shopping service functions and features to satisfy consumer needs and wants for the mobile shopping channel.
Originality/value
Due to the infancy stage of mobile shopping, there is minimal research comparing the two shopper segments' (mobile shoppers versus non‐mobile shoppers) motivations. This study contributes to generating multi‐dimensional mobile shopping motivation in explaining why consumers use the mobile shopping channel.
Firms invest millions of dollars in the introduction of new information systems for long-term benefit. If employees are not willing to accept a new information system, such investments may be wasted. Employee acceptance of a new information system is in part determined by external influences. However, previous research has neglected the paths of persuasive strategies and external social influences on information system acceptance. Linkages between persuasive strategies and external social influences are also scarce. By integrating social influence theory and an elaboration likelihood model, this study explores the influence of persuasive messages (source credibility and argument quality) on social influence, affective response and cognitive response. This study also investigates the interrelationships among affective response, cognitive response and behavior intention. Furthermore, the moderating roles of social influences on the impact of affective response and cognitive response on behavior intention are identified.
This paper defines hedonic consumption as those facets of consumer behavior that relate to the multisensory, fantasy and emotive aspects of product usage experience. After delineating these concepts, their theoretical antecedents are traced, followed by a discussion of differences between the traditional and hedonic views, methodological implications of the latter approach, and behavioral propositions in four substantive areas relevant to hedonic consumption-mental constructs, product classes, product usage and individual differences. Conclusions concern the usefulness of the hedonic perspective in supplementing and extending marketing research on consumer behavior.
Much fascination and speculation surrounds the impact of the World Wide Web on consumer shopping behavior. At the same time, there is little empirical evidence underlying all this speculation. This article provides one such data set. It reports on factors that consumers found salient as they browsed through selected electronic malls on the World Wide Web. We gathered consumers' reactions via an open-ended survey using a sample of 220 shoppers. We related the reactions to the factors of product perceptions, shopping experience, customer service, and perceived consumer risk, which we had identified from the existing literature on retail patronage behavior. This study translated these factors to the World Wide Web context and explored their relative salience.With respect to product perceptions, consumers were impressed by the breadth of stores on the World Wide Web but disappointed with the depth of a merchant's offerings. The shopping experience was reported to be generally enjoyable, but at the same time frustrating. Consumers also reported that they could perceive the potential for time savings and reduced effort compared with traditional forms of shopping, but that, at present, goal-directed shopping was difficult. Nearly everyone in the sample had something negative to say about customer service on the World Wide Web, judging that the sites were not designed to be responsive to their needs and that the presentation of goods and services seemed intangible. Risk was cited as a barrier to shopping on the World Wide Web, but was not as salient to our sample as product perceptions, shopping experience, and customer service. Overall, the results suggest that World Wide Web merchants need to think more about how they perform on the factors known to affect consumer behavior; namely, product perceptions, shopping experience, and customer service. We offer advice for enhancing the design of World Wide Web retail sites.
Purpose
– Given the proliferation of mobile devices, m‐commerce is expected to experience a substantial growth. However, most m‐commerce applications except for a few have failed to meet expectations. In this study, the authors aim to examine specific factors pertaining to the individual adoption of B2C transactional mobile commerce.
Design/methodology/approach
– A comprehensive framework integrating well established theories of technology adoption – i.e. the technology acceptance model (TAM) and the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) – is developed. More specifically, perceived usefulness is re‐conceptualized to enhance the specificity of these theories to mobile commerce. The resulting model is empirically tested with mobile device users who have not adopted mobile commerce yet.
Findings
– The empirical results provide strong support for the integrative approach, shedding light on the significance and relative importance of specific technological characteristics. The theoretical and empirical implications of these results are discussed.
Originality/value
– The paper demonstrates the need to develop the innovation diffusion theory and TAM further by including the effects of social influence and individual characteristic variables. Furthermore, the paper also shows the usefulness of accounting for the specificity of the IT artifact in general and m‐commerce applications in particular. In this study, the specificity of the IT artifact is accounted for by decomposing perceived usefulness into specific considerations that are relevant to m‐commerce adoption. Such an approach presents a major advantage. Indeed, the significance and magnitude of the formative measures show which characteristics of m‐commerce are adoption drivers.
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to understand customers' repurchase intentions in online shopping. This study extends the technology acceptance model (TAM) by introducing e‐service quality dimensions, trust and enjoyment in the development of a theoretical model to study customers' repurchase intentions within the context of online shopping.
Design/methodology/approach
Data collected from 360 PCHome online shopping customers provides strong support for the proposed research model. PLS (partial least squares, PLS‐Graph version 3.0) is used to analyse the measurement and structural models.
Findings
The study shows that trust, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and enjoyment are significant positive predictors of customers' repurchase intentions.
Research limitations/implications
The data are collected from a single online shopping store – the generalisation of the model and findings to other online stores requires additional research. Our findings imply that the five dimensions of e‐service quality are possibly among the most important antecedents of customers' trust in online vendors.
Practical implications
Online vendors should ensure that they provide adequate utilitarian and hedonic value for customers instead of focusing on just one of these aspects in their web site development.
Originality/value
Customer loyalty is critical to the online vendor's survival and success. The study provides evidence that online trust is built through order fulfilment, privacy, responsiveness and contact.
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore a conceptual model for analyzing customers' perceptions of using mobile commerce services for online shopping. This paper provides insights into consumer behavior, and the results have important implications for designers, managers, marketers, and system providers of mobile shopping (m‐shopping) web sites.
Design/methodology/approach
An empirical investigation was carried out to test the hypotheses. The samples include 369 professional participants. For testing the relationships of the model, structural equation modeling (SEM) is used.
Findings
The results demonstrate that anxiety, which is an affective barrier against using innovative systems, is a key negative predictor of a customer's intentions to use mobile phones. Also, the consumer's self‐perception of mobile skillfulness significantly affects anxiety, enjoyment, and usefulness. Furthermore, enjoyment, usefulness, and compatibility have an impact on a customer's behavioral intentions.
Practical implications
The findings of this study help to understand what hinders or encourages the m‐shopping intention of online customers.
Originality/value
The results not only help develop a sophisticated understanding of mobile commerce theories for researchers, but they also offer useful knowledge to those involved in promoting m‐shopping to potential purchasers. The value of the paper is that the results could be applied to other portable information technology service adoptions, such as personal digital assistants (PDA), smart phones, advanced mobile phones, and portable global positioning systems (GPS).
In this study, we consider the online consumer as both a shopper and a computer user. We test constructs from information systems (Technology Acceptance Model), marketing (Consumer Behavior), and psychology (Flow and Environmental Psychology) in an integrated theoretical framework of online consumer behavior. Specifically, we examine how emotional and cognitive responses to visiting a Web-based store for the first time can influence online consumers' intention to return and their likelihood to make unplanned purchases. The instrumentation shows reasonably good measurement properties and the constructs are validated as a nomological network.
A questionnaire-based empirical study is used to test this nomological network. Results confirm the double identity of the online consumer as a shopper and a computer user because both shopping enjoyment and perceived usefulness of the site strongly predict intention to return. Our results on unplanned purchases are not conclusive. We also test some individual and Web site factors that can affect the consumer's emotional and cognitive responses. Product involvement, Web skills, challenges, and use of value-added search mechanisms all have a significant impact on the Web consumer. The study provides a more rounded, albeit partial, view of the online consumer and is a significant steptowards a better understanding of consumer behavior on the Web. The validated metrics should be of use to researchers and practitioners alike.
A number of emerging technologies including virtual reality, simulation rides, video conferencing, home theater, and high definition television are designed to provide media users with an illusion that a mediated experience is not mediated, a perception defined here as presence. Traditional media such as the telephone, radio, television, film, and many others offer a lesser degree of presence as well. This article examines the key concept of presence. It begins by noting practical and theoretical reasons for studying this concept. Six conceptualizations of presence found in a diverse set of literatures are identified and a detailed explication of the concept that incorporates these conceptualizations is presented. Existing research and speculation about the factors that encourage or discourage a sense of presence in media users as well as the physiological and psychological effects of presence are then outlined. Finally, suggestions concerning future systematic research about presence are presented.
55 US Mobile Facts Every Marketer Needs for
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