Abstract
How does a room affect an occupant's behavior and well-being? How does a building influence its residents' health? Environmental Psychology for Design, 3rd Edition, explores these questions with an in-depth look at psychosocial responses to the built environment. Awarded the 2006 ASID Joel Polsky Prize, the first edition served as an introduction to the discipline of environmental psychology and inspired readers to embrace its key concepts and incorporate them into their practice. This 3rd edition continues to analyze the interaction between environments and human behavior and well-being, while exploring how individual differences related to age, gender, and cultural background impact that interaction.
... The concept of eco-urbanity is the melding together of sustainability practices and diversity, equity, and inclusion into a cultural richness in the urban context (Tapia-Fonllem, 2017 (Kopec, 2006;CCARE, 2017). ...
... For example, commuters via public transportation. Here, there are any number of variables that contribute to one or another's preferred seating, one's perceived efficiency, or territoriality (Kopec, 2006) for that matter. The example of odour pollution as an organic pollutant is a valuable experiment of this influence (Kopec, 2006). ...
... Here, there are any number of variables that contribute to one or another's preferred seating, one's perceived efficiency, or territoriality (Kopec, 2006) for that matter. The example of odour pollution as an organic pollutant is a valuable experiment of this influence (Kopec, 2006). There are particularly potent odours that cause passengers to want to quickly vacate affected sections of a bus. ...
Spatial Peace Understanding the influence of the world around us on our behaviours and cognitions is a vital step in understanding people's individual and collective experiences with positive peace (Lindgaard, 2017; Lindsay et al. 2022). This paper begins in the first section outlining the background of the evolution of space, place, and why they matter. The next section explains the concept of peace cities while grounding the understanding of spatiality and its implications with placemaking and eco-urbanity. The third section includes human cognition and mental processes; the fourth covers the field of behavioural economics in nudge units and the emergence of social physics; the fifth section delves into deep mapping; the sixth section of this chapter covers the spatial peace pole in Lindsey et al., (2022) proposed quantified spatial peace assessment. And finally, the last section concludes with a summarization of these concepts and practices with their implications on Peace and Conflict Studies and the wider communities engaged in urban and economic development, as well as conflict resolution and political analysis. Architecture and lived space have long since been recognized as having an innate influence on behaviours and social patterns, yet, until recent history, these structures and spaces haven't been met with the critical thought and systematized inquiry necessary to understand in earnest their true impact (Smith, 1977). Understanding these lived spaces is vital in order to comprehend the deeper impacts unconscious cues have on our systems, identities, and cognitive frames and general health (Deiner, 1977). Smith wrote, The city should promote. .. the magnification of all the dimensions of life. .. The chief mission of the city of the future [is] that of creating a visible regional civic structure designed to make man at home with his deeper self and his larger world. ..... For the city should be an organ of love; and the best economy of cities is the care and culture of men (Smith, 1977, p. 12). This paper is about how bodies operate in space, and by connection, how the experience of these embodiments may influence potential peace states. There are several factors which push, pull, frame incentives, and alter cognitions that drive human behaviour beyond 2 This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed. Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4813170 typical decision trees. In fact, according to Goldhagen (2017) up to 80 to 90 percent of human cognitions are non-conscious. In order to understand how persons work and move in these spaces and places while comprehending the mental priming and cognitive framing involved, requires its own chapter filled with a variety of fields to cultivate these spatial understandings (Deprés, 2017). Background
... Five predominating qualities enhance its legibility to the average person. Santayana "The Sense of Beauty" published in 1955 [18], the mental map elements by Kevin Lynch in 1960 [13], the "Pattern Language" by Christopher Alexander in 1977 [19], "Human Aspects of Urban Form" by Amos Rapoport in 1977 [20], "Creating Defensible Spaces" by Oscar Newman in 1973 [21], the eco master planning (the four infra-structures) by Ken Yeang in 2009 [22], the variables of "Ecological Urbanism" by Mohsen Mostafavi in 2016 [23], variables of "Environmental Psychology" by Dak Kopec in 2012 [15], and lastly Helen Woolley's variables of "Urban Open Spaces" in 2013 [24] (Tables 3, 4, and 5). Moreover, a comparative analysis between all the previously mentioned variables and "The Place Making Model" from project for public spaces formed in 2013 is explored to achieve the final matrix of S.E.A.M's variables [15]. ...
... Santayana "The Sense of Beauty" published in 1955 [18], the mental map elements by Kevin Lynch in 1960 [13], the "Pattern Language" by Christopher Alexander in 1977 [19], "Human Aspects of Urban Form" by Amos Rapoport in 1977 [20], "Creating Defensible Spaces" by Oscar Newman in 1973 [21], the eco master planning (the four infra-structures) by Ken Yeang in 2009 [22], the variables of "Ecological Urbanism" by Mohsen Mostafavi in 2016 [23], variables of "Environmental Psychology" by Dak Kopec in 2012 [15], and lastly Helen Woolley's variables of "Urban Open Spaces" in 2013 [24] (Tables 3, 4, and 5). Moreover, a comparative analysis between all the previously mentioned variables and "The Place Making Model" from project for public spaces formed in 2013 is explored to achieve the final matrix of S.E.A.M's variables [15]. "The Place Making Model" (31) parameters in Table 6 were cross examined with many variables concluded from literature to formulate the final representation of S.E.A.M's matrix of 38 variables in Tables 3, 4, and 5 that will be latterly used to trace correlations. ...
... Theories, models, and perspectives in environmental psychology[15]; edited by Dalia M. Rasmi (author) 2021 ...
Under the supervision of UN-Habitat, the Egyptian General Organization of Physical Planning started its first phase of “Promoting Better Quality and More Manageable Public Spaces Project, 2021” that targets enhancement and development of open spaces quality in New Cairo, Egypt. This project is functioning under three main objectives: (1) recognize the most occupied urban open spaces in New Cairo, (2) identify the required community needs in these urban open spaces, and (3) evaluate quality and suitability of these open spaces for public usage. In this paper, we are attempting to achieve the 2nd objective addressed previously by laying hands on hidden correlations among socio-ecological community needs. This is achieved in two phases; the first phase is mainly concerned with adapting thematic analytical method to tackle multiple correlations while reviewing literature, while the second phase is focusing on conducting a pilot study survey in East Academy district to validate the previously concluded socio-ecological correlations. Also findings indicate that East-Academy’s open spaces have strong correlations with multiple socio-ecological attributes and that ten urban qualities showed the highest positive measures. These correlations, in the future, can be used to establish an intervention action model.
... Gambar 6 merupakan museum yang menggunakan declarative memory pada material, skala, opening, dan enclosure untuk memunculkan emosi traumatik pada ruang. Menurut Kopec [2], adanya rangsangan declarative memory akan memudahkan penyimpanann ingatan pada ingatan jangka panjang. Ingatan jangka panjang dapat dibagi menjadi dua, yaitu explicit memeory dan implicit memory. ...
... Menurut Kopec [2], memory merupakan suatu proses yang nantinya dapat menyimpan suatu informasi yang dapat diingat dilain waktu. Dengan begitu, diharapkan jika adanya memori pada suatu arsitektur dapat menjadi wadah tranportasi transfer suatu informasi yang nantinya dapat diingat oleh pengunjung itu sendiri. ...
... Dengan begitu, diharapkan jika adanya memori pada suatu arsitektur dapat menjadi wadah tranportasi transfer suatu informasi yang nantinya dapat diingat oleh pengunjung itu sendiri. Selain itu berdasarkan pernyataan Kopec [2], perception and sensation adalah proses dan rasa yang dapat ditafsirkan berdasarkan suatu rangsangan pada indra manusia. ...
... By extending their sense of self to include their environments, people frequently try to personalize it. Personalization often reflects self-identity thus the manner in which people expect and decorate their homes reflects their self-images [9]. ...
... Individuals develop attachment to places that provide them a sense of freedom and belonging in addition to helping them define or express who they are (their self-images) or who they want to be seen as. Place attachment is an affiliation between a person and a place that develops over time; it is a personal sense of connection that elicits feelings of comfort and security [9]. ...
... Residential satisfaction involves multiple contributing factors that include cultural identification, personality, values, expectations, and aspirations; social influences relating to 13 MSA ENGINEERING JOURNAL Volume 2 Issue 1, E-ISSN 2812-4928, P-ISSN 28125339 (https://msaeng.journals.ekb.eg//) independence, security, privacy, neighbors and psychological attributes of the physical residence [9]. It is worth noting that throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, people all across the world developed new forms of interest in homes. ...
Today, the need for designing appropriate housing spaces becomes a fundamental aspect of architecture. To ensure the operation of these spaces and their sustainability, an architectural approach is needed. Transformable architecture, which encompasses designs that can be transformed according to different functions and used for many purposes, is the architectural approach for enhancing housing spaces that might adapt with the ongoing process of changing needs. Hence, architects are challenged to create innovative spaces to satisfy the needs of all users. Therefore, the main aim of this research is to explore the role of transformable architecture in redefining contemporary housing spaces in respect to the various needs of users in different psychological, environmental and economic contexts. To achieve this aim, this research employs a scientific methodology starting by reviewing the literature that provides knowledge about transformable architecture and its implementation in contemporary housing spaces; then analyzing four selected international case studies: Suitcase house in China, Safe house in Poland, Living Room House in Germany, and Sharifi-ha House in Iran and comparing them. These facts serve as the foundation for the authors' argument that transformable architecture is a good stand point for suitable design strategies to improve the functionality of housing spaces and to respond to diverse users’ needs. A set of recommendations regarding the application of this architectural approach are drawn as guidelines in designing contemporary housing spaces.
Keywords: Transformable architecture, redefinition of contemporary housing spaces.
... Human ideas, morality, and ideologies that reflect contextual aspects of society are connected by the built environment. Spaces serve as a reflection of the everyday language of communication used by humans [22]. There are many ways that the built environment influences how people behave. ...
... Human behavior, which may be influenced by hormonal secretion in the brain, is controlled by physical, biological, and social factors. The relationship between humans and the environment is one of collaboration since the physical environment affects human behavior and impacts well-being [22]. Because of physical environmental stimuli such as noise, sound, light, and temperature, and physical structures such as walls, furniture, natural forms, and symbolic artifacts, human-environmental interactions are based on how people perceive their surroundings [3,24,25] (Figure 5). ...
... The body of literature establishes that structures internally construct interior spaces in various ways to support human needs and demands and assist in mediating people in their current physical environment [22]. Their interpretations suggest that the phrase "built environment" can be used in a broad sense, much like "furniture", "room" or "environment". ...
Bangladesh is an emerging nation that is urbanizing the fastest. Generally, middle-income families (as the main economic contributors) reside in high-density urban housing due to their socioeconomic disparities in Dhaka, Bangladesh, where physical design aspects focus on current housing sectors. The congested living situation worsens indoor environmental quality and has a negative impact on occupants’ mental well-being in their dwellings, resulting in a direct or indirect adverse effect on their productivity. Occupants’ living conditions can be improved by adjusting individual perceptions and experiences in their domestic environments. This study has developed an “Environmental Experience Design (EXD)” methodological approach that reflects a user-centered design theoretical framework. A field study on dwelling units (±1000 sq ft) conducted throughout the selected housings in Dhaka, Bangladesh, was carried out to examine occupants’ domestic experiences using semi-structured and structured interviews. After binary and thematic coding with significance, “Association Rules and Cluster Analysis” were used to ascertain relationships between three aspects (spatial, environmental, and user context) to explore and customize outcomes. This EXD methodological approach can be utilized to create an environmental (architectural) design solution that will enhance mental well-being by considering occupants’ needs and demands in household settings locally and worldwide.
... It means living in a healthy and nonthreatening environment, for a healthy lifestyle, and having equal social contact (Evans & McCoy 1998). Thus, interior design, as Kopec (2006) argues, can meet the health needs of a community by providing objective conditions of the space and the subjective experiences for the individuals which have come to be known as objective and subjective well-being (Kopec, 2006). ...
... It means living in a healthy and nonthreatening environment, for a healthy lifestyle, and having equal social contact (Evans & McCoy 1998). Thus, interior design, as Kopec (2006) argues, can meet the health needs of a community by providing objective conditions of the space and the subjective experiences for the individuals which have come to be known as objective and subjective well-being (Kopec, 2006). ...
The relationship between interior space qualities and well-being is being understood as consequential and reciprocal. On the one hand, the place has been demonstrated to have a strong psychological and physiological effect; on the other hand, feelings and human experience play a significant role in what individuals perceive to be efficient design. However, such research on well-being is predominately concerned with the health and work environments, and partial to more general features such as accessibility, comfort, or positive distraction.
This thesis aims to bring well-being and spirituality to the foreground, including the spiritual relation with physical space into the discussion, and produce a framework for design thinking that includes a broad list of concerns, qualities, principles and approaches relevant to the construction of appropriate spatial identity and atmosphere. Hence, the focus is on the framework for meditation interiors, recreation, and spiritual experience where these qualities are desired. The main research questions of this study are; which features, elements, or qualities of interior space may be most effective in experience with respect to well-being and spirituality? What may be the physical features or qualities of interior architecture or space for healing and well-being?
Accordingly, this study has a qualitative methodology. To extend understanding of the qualities that underlie the healing potential of interior architecture or space, it surveys relevant theoretical sources for clues on the concept of well-being and spirituality in correlation with the experience of space/place. Furthermore, in order to obtain the principal features of spatial identity and atmosphere for spirituality, along with design tools and principles contributing towards it, the study surveys architectural theoretical sources and conducts a brief overview of traditional meditation or religious interior spaces. Finally, it focuses on the spatial analysis of contemporary meditation interiors chosen from selected practice examples of the world.
This thesis does not address the full scope and possibilities that architectural space may present for the experience of well-being or spirituality. However, it offers inception – an initial and broad list of concerns, qualities, principles, design approaches, and criteria that address the constitution of spatial identity and atmosphere for spirituality. In this respect, it is a pilot study for frameworks and is open to further refinement. Nevertheless, research on such potentials of space do have broader significance and implementation in places like spas, elderly homes, schools, and other public and private institutions.
... Architecture influences human psychology [10,11]. Thus, the connection between the architectural environment and human psychology has been extensively studied, specifically regarding human health [12][13][14]. ...
... Based on the literature review, it was found that space affected human psychology [9,11,14,17]. Thus, we explored visual factors and their effects on human psychology, visual factors captured by the human eye in space, and the visual factors preferred by children. ...
... What a place means to someone (i.e., the feelings a person associates with a physical place) is an important concept related to the self, others, and environments. Aspects of our experiences and personalities, as well as our relationships with others and the physical environment, interact to create and define the meanings that we attribute to places (Kopec, 2012). ...
... Lower levels of aggression and violence were observed in public housing developments where there were views of the outdoors. A key method for restorative justice spaces in architecture and wherever we may find them in lowering stress, weariness, and aggressiveness is the provision of views to the natural environment (Kopec, 2012). ...
By fostering ethics, justice, and respect for one another, humanitarian architecture helps to create a built environment that is socially, morally, and ethically upright. This book aims to expand research on humanitarian architecture and its impact on communities facing social, psychological, educational, financial, and health issues. Based on the premise that the formative years are essential for psychological, social, physical and cognitive development, it specially targets the population of children. Using architectural design methods, child-friendly spaces for crisis-related psychological support and child safety should be developed.
Book research addresses children’s needs and well-being while adhering to internationally standards and principles that guide architectural implementations. The research is qualitative, analyzing case studies from Thailand, Brazil, Burkina Faso, and Lebanon. In a purpose to enhance the well-being of children in underprivileged communities, researchers examine these cases in search of significant distinctions and similarities to generate guidelines for equivalent architectural practices. Findings are expected to promote community well-being.
... Previous studies investigated the relation between the use of colors and perception as well as feeling of engagement (Charnofsky, 2012). Moreover, colors influence human manners through three elements which are hue, saturation and brightness (Kopec, 2006). In addition, hue is the wavelength of the ray, saturation is related to the purity of color and brightness is the degree of lightness or darkness of a color (as shown in figure 2) (Kopec, 2006). ...
... Moreover, colors influence human manners through three elements which are hue, saturation and brightness (Kopec, 2006). In addition, hue is the wavelength of the ray, saturation is related to the purity of color and brightness is the degree of lightness or darkness of a color (as shown in figure 2) (Kopec, 2006). According to Charnofsky (2012), warmer colors are more comfortable and increase the sense of attachment to a space. ...
The underemployment of autistic post-secondary diploma holders (AP-PSD) remains a pressing issue, with many facing challenges in workplace integration and communication. To address this problem, this research proposes a virtual reality (VR) system that replicates the workplace environment, providing a platform for AP-PSD to anticipate and overcome potential difficulties, master job-specific tasks, and ensure emotional stability. The VR solution aims to: (1) encourage employers to hire AP-PSD; (2) identify key emotional and social situations challenging AP-PSD during integration, training, and daily work life; (3) examine the factors surrounding AP-PSD, as identified by relevant literature and workplace managers; (4) explore technological adaptations to assist in emotion recognition, enhancing workplace communication and understanding; and (5) discuss the role of human supervision alongside potential technological support for autistic employees. Results indicate that supporting AP-PSD in the workplace is an attainable goal, regardless of the company's size, and can increase overall business performance. Involving AP-PSD in their own integration process, which encompasses training, human support, and environmental adaptations, has been shown to be crucial. Autistic individuals overwhelmingly desire employment, and with appropriate accommodations, they can be up to 30% more productive than neurotypical employees, offsetting the costs of implementing accommodations. This study emphasizes the importance of combining human-centered approaches and technological innovations to promote the employability of AP-PSD. The proposed VR system, designed in collaboration with AP-PSD, seeks to create a more inclusive and supportive workplace environment. While sector-specific integration details are beyond the scope of this research, the findings underscore the potential for tailored solutions that cater to each company's unique culture.
... Research has established that interior environments significantly impact both mental and physical well-being. Kopec [2] suggests that spatial design influences cognitive function, stress levels, and overall health, demonstrating that well-planned spaces enhance relaxation and mental clarity. The application of environmental psychology in interior architecture underscores the importance of user-centered designs that cater to comfort, aesthetics, and functional efficiency [3]. ...
... zones [21,22]. Private zones, including bedrooms and personal bathrooms, offer maximum privacy and are essential for individual comfort, solitude, and the maintenance of personal identity. ...
The COVID-19 pandemic profoundly affected every aspect of human life. Among the myriad changes, it catalyzed a significant shift in the way we perceive and use our living spaces. The home, traditionally seen as a refuge from work and external pressures, rapidly became a multifunctional space, doubling as an office, school, gym, and recreation center. Before the pandemic, open-plan living was on the rise, championing multifunctional spaces. However, with the sudden need for remote work, the demand for dedicated home offices or quiet corners became evident. People began to value having a distinct, quiet workspace that would not disturb other members of the household. In this paper, we highlight the importance of incorporating a separate room, distanced from the main private areas of a home, during the early design stages. This approach enhances privacy and subsequently boosts the psychological well-being of the household occupants. The research contributes to building-system integration by demonstrating how architectural configurations and spatial design elements can be optimized to enhance building performance, functionality, and occupant comfort in multi-family residential structures. The aim of this study is to explore the correlations between spatial design quality and occupants’ productivity while working from home. It employs a mixed-methods approach that combines various techniques to provide comprehensive analyses.
... [1] This approach emphasizes the interaction between the environment and people and aims to create spaces that meet people's psychological and behavioral needs. [2] ...
... Environmental psychology, similarly, can aid in a designers' understanding of how the built environments deeply affect the people using them. "The research and practice of environmental psychology is holistic, considering biological, social, and environmental causal agents" [6]. As a result, designers with some knowledge of human psychology can anticipate with more certainty the emotional reactions people will have to environmental cues. ...
Through theoretical frameworks and applications of cognitive ergonomics, this article illustrates, with practical examples, the role of designing restaurants from the perspective of cognitive ergonomics concerning the process of perception and sensory stimuli. The goal is intended to promote well-being and differentiation in a saturated and competitive market by optimizing the interaction between patrons and their environments with a focus on perceived comfort and quality. This paper examines the application of selected universal principles of design and environmental psychology that affect how people might respond to spatial qualities and designs in the dining experience. Central to the integration of these concepts is designing for well-being which increases patron satisfaction and supports positive mental and emotional effects.
... Он је директно одговоран за пријатна, смислена искуства која доприносе добробити људи (Desmet & Pohlmeyer, 2013), и има потенцијал да функционише као платформа за срећу и благостање, односно комбинацију позитивних осећања и оптималног људског функционисања (Huppert & So, 2013). Поред просторних компоненти као објективних услова креирања окружења, неопходно је нагласити значај искустава људи, као субјективних услова од велике важности за психологију животне средине (Kopec, 2006), која су у пројектовању унутрашњег простора најдиректније применљива. ...
The monograph UB-FA MIAD School of Interior Architecture has its primary purpose in education in interior architecture, presenting the educational model of the University of Belgrade - Faculty of Architecture (UB-FA). It covers the period of the first accredited interior architecture program launched in 2014 at the University of Belgrade. The publication makes a significant contribution by providing a retrospective view of the development of the specific field of interior architecture at UB-FA, emphasizing the importance of educating interior architects – master engineers in interior architecture. The seven-year experience during the first accreditation cycle of the Master’s study program in Interior Architecture (MIAD) is presented through subject curricula, students’ achievements, and results during their studies. The publication presents the Educational Model UB-FA MIAD, illustrated with specific tasks and teaching outcomes, accompanied by the authors’ review of the educational process and the possibilities for improvement. The evaluation aspect of the teaching process and learning outcomes is a particular focus, demonstrating students’ achievements upon completion of their education. The tendency to enhance the educational model in the field of interior architecture, in line with the necessary flexibility that follows the trends of contemporary society, represents a significant contribution to a wider field of architectural design. The publication's specific goal is to promote the UB-FA Master’s study program, which focuses on the current field of interior architecture. Illustrating the learning process and its multi-layered and diverse approach to characteristic topics in architecture and design, the UB-FA MIAD School of Interior Architecture aims to motivate students to pursue formal education in the field of interior architecture.
... From Ebenezer Howard's conception of "Garden Cities" [24] in the late 19th century to Le Corbusier's vision of "Modern Cities" [25] and from Clarence Perry's formulation of the Neighborhood Unit theory in 1929 to the emergence of the New Urbanism planning movements in the postmodern era, all these theories and movements share a common belief that cities should be conducive to walking. Some scholars emphasize the dual nature of walkable cities, delineating physical elements (streets, spaces, proximity, and convenience) and perceptual elements (comfort, safety, enjoyment) [26][27][28], thus affirming that urban walking encompasses purposeful transportation, leisure, recreation and social interaction. Numerous studies have classified different walking behaviors based on varying purposes. ...
As a new urban model, the 15-min city has gradually become a touchstone with which to measure the future sustainability of cities. With a time-limited planning of urban living circles, urban residents can be allowed to access basic daily needs, such as food, health and education, while walking or cycling, thus reducing motor traffic and carbon dioxide emissions and contributing to the improvement of people’s well-being and the environmental climate. Within the temporal and spatial confines of the 15-min living sphere, governmental authorities and community bodies commonly integrate public art installations into public spaces to enrich spatial dynamics, cultivate cultural identities, enhance environmental aesthetics, elevate service quality, and foster communal interactions. This study aims to probe into the impact of public art on encouraging urban pedestrianism within the specific context of the 15-min community living sphere along the Suzhou River in northern Shanghai. Drawing upon Stimulus–Organism–Response (SOR) theory, a theoretical framework is constructed to unravel the mechanisms by which public art influences residents’ propensity for walking, encompassing the attributes of public art, perceived value, and walking intention. Employing Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), the model is analyzed to scrutinize the proposed hypotheses. Through this research, we establish and substantiate a novel and pertinent theoretical perspective for advancing human-centric and sustainable urban regeneration. The findings underscore that integrating public art within the framework of constructing 15-min community living spheres contributes to catalyzing proactive urban pedestrianism by enhancing its value proposition.
... Bununla birlikte çocuğun gözlendiğini hissetmemesi gerekmekte, bu durumun mekânın tercih edilmemesine sebep olduğu belirtilmektedir (Kopec, 2012;Sanoff, 1995). Dolayısıyla, çocukların kendine ait hissedebileceği özel mekânların, okulöncesi eğitim ortamları tasarımında dikkatle planlanması önem taşımaktadır. ...
Özet Okulöncesi eğitim mekânlarında çocukların gereksinimlerinin sağlanması, eğitim programının amaçlarına ulaşılması ve gelişimin desteklenmesi açısından önem taşımaktadır. Çocuğun mekânda aradığı temel gereksinimlerden biri mahremiyettir. Bu kapsamda eğitim ortamında bir veya birkaç çocuğun kullanabileceği özel mekânların sağlanması gerekmektedir. Son yıllarda okulöncesi eğitim ortamlarında bu amaca yönelik sessiz oyun mekânlarına yer verildiği görülmektedir. Ancak genel olarak bu gereksinimin yeterince dikkate alınmayışı ve okulöncesi eğitim ortamlarında gereken mekânların sağlanmayışı eleştirilmektedir. Bu araştırmada çocukların mahremiyet gereksinimine yönelik sessiz oyun mekânlarının niteliğini belirleyen mekânsal parametreler araştırılmaktadır. Literatür araştırması yöntemiyle, çalışmada anaokullarında mahremiyet gereksinimine yönelik sessiz oyun mekânlarının niteliğini belirleyen bileşenler "renk, aydınlatma, doku, akustik, materyal, ölçek ve mekân organizasyonu" kriterleri açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda her temel bileşen kapsamında sessiz oyun mekânları tasarımına yönelik öneriler tanımlanmıştır. Bu değerlendirmenin okulöncesi eğitim mekânlarında mahremiyet gereksinimin önemine işaret ederek tasarım süreçlerine katkı sağlayabileceği düşünülmektedir.
Anahtar kelimeler: Okulöncesi eğitim mekânı, Mahremiyet gereksinimi, Sessiz oyun mekânları, Kişisel mekânlar.
... Por esta razón, empieza a tomar importancia la psicología del espacio: el cómo los individuos, conforme a su entorno, cambian de manera posi tiva o negativa sus conductas y pensamientos. Kopec (2018), especialista en la materia, la define como "el estudio de las relaciones y comportamientos humanos en relación a su contexto, en entornos construidos y natu rales". Es decir, la arquitectura y la psicología se relacionan directamente, lo que significa que las características de los espacios en los cuales se habita influyen en la salud, dado que por medio de la arquitectura se pueden prever enfermedades mentales las cuales posteriormente afectan el estado físico de las personas. ...
A partir de la pandemia generada por el COVID 19, la opción de teletrabajo se contempló como una alternativa laboral. Por esta razón, es importante verificar las condiciones bioclimáticas de los nuevos lugares de trabajo ya que estas pueden incidir sobre la productividad laboral, la salud mental e inclusive la salud física de las personas. El objetivo de esta investigación es identificar la percepción de las personas con respecto a los aspectos bioclimáticos de los espacios de teletrabajo en comparación con los espacios que usualmente cuentan en las empresas y asimismo determinar cuál es la modalidad de su preferencia (presencialidad, alternancia o virtualidad). Para esta investigación se implementó la técnica de recolección de información llamada encuesta en donde se entrevista a 280 personas, ubicadas en Colombia, principalmente en las ciudades de Medellín, Bogotá, Cali y Pereira. Final-mente, se evidencia la importancia que ejerce considerar, al momento de seleccionar la modalidad de trabajo, el desempeño bioclimático para favorecer la salud de las personas y la productividad laboral. Abstract Due to the COVID 19 pandemic, teleworking was considered a work alternative. For this reason, it is relevant to verify the bioclimatic conditions of the new workplaces since they can affect labor productivity, mental health, and even people's physical health. The objective of this research is to identify the perception of people regarding the bioclimatic aspects of teleworking places in comparison with the places that are commonly used in companies for that puporse, and also determine which is the modality of people´s preference (face-to-face, alternation, or virtuality). For this research, the survey method was the information collection technique that was implemented, where 280 people were surveyed in Colombia, mainly in the cities of Medellín, Bogotá, Cali, and Pereira. Finally, it is very important to consider the selection of the work modality, the bioclimatic performance to improve people's health and the labor productivity.
... According to environmental psychology, physical factors can directly affect the manner and quality of interaction between humans and their surrounding environment (Gifford, 2016;Lawrence, 1982;McAndrew, 1993). The relationship between humans and the environment is a symbiotic complex coexistence where we shape and change the environment according to our needs and desires and the environment can also affect our psyche and shapes our needs and desires (Kopec, 2018). The human psyche and behavior are consciously and unconsciously affected by the surrounding environment and the environment can strongly encourage a person to do a job or discourage the person from doing an activity (Gifford, 2007). ...
Objectives
To explore factors affecting the quality of child–nature interaction (CNI) based on the views and desires of children themselves and to offer solutions and strategies to provide this kind of spaces.
Background
CNI is one of the most important needs of children which causes very profound effects on the psyche of children from different aspects. Space and context that have the ability and characteristics to provide opportunities to establish this interaction have an important role in the cognitive and social development of children.
Methods
The qualitative data were collected by draw-and-write technique from a study of 119 children aged 2–6 years from five nursery schools located in the city of Hamedan, Iran. Then, the qualitative data were coded based on the grounded theory using three main steps of open, axial, and selective coding and a conceptual model of CNI is provided by the MAXQDA software.
Results
The conceptual model developed from CNI consisted of seven core categories: “intertwining with nature,” “objective natural elements,” “nature conservation,” “colors,” “exaggerated plant perceptions,” “path perceptions,” and “nature-home similarity.”
Conclusions
To reach an optimal CNI within architectural spaces, thus children should have a sense of belonging to nature, be engaged in it, and protect surrounding natural elements. It is of utmost importance to reflect on some points, such as colors, familiar signs, scales, natural elements, the boundary between natural environments and interior spaces, and natural element circulation and placement in designing and planning spaces made specifically for children.
... The basic premise is that whether a person is in wheelchair, uses a walker, is blind, etc… he/ she will be able to use and interact with the environment without the assistance of another person. Its intent is to reduce the difficulty of performing activities of daily living as much as possible [11]. ...
Architecture is for everyone, thus it needs to give a chance to all individuals and groups of society to feel included and satisfied in the various facilities and public spaces. The misconception is given when architects design built environments following the ADA regulations as a burden instead of using an innovative approach to accommodate the needs and expectations of all users. To ensure the operation of equitable spaces, an innovative architectural approach is needed. A universal space is a place where all people can fit, it is a space where people from all social categories and individual characteristics are equal and satisfied. The concept of a universal design is either used wrongly or divided into accessible or / and inclusive architecture. Therefore, the aim of this research is to investigate the significance of universal design and to put down relevant assessment criteria in order to create spaces and environments that everyone can use without feeling any discrimination. This research uses a scientific methodology to accomplish its goal by first reading the literature on universal design and its application in the design of spaces, and then by examining and comparing four chosen case studies: KWK Promes' Przelomy centre for dialogue and Steven Holl's winter visual art centre as international examples, Snohetta's Bibliotheca Alexandrina as a regional example and Zaha Hadid's Issam Fares Institute as a local example. These facts support the authors' argument that universal design is a solid starting point for appropriate design solutions to increase the equity of spaces and respond to the abilities and needs of a variety of users. As guidelines for the design of spaces, a series of recommendations are made about the effective use of this architectural approach.
... Symbolic aesthetics emphasizes the content (or meanings) of forms 10, it's related to signs and symbols reflecting the function of the space, " Nassar 1997" agreed upon the previous classification and noted that the evaluation based on person's biology, personality, sociocultural experience, adaptation levels, goals, and expectations 39 . (Kopec, D. (2018)) defined the key attributes that affect aesthetics of the university campus; style which Represents a mentally constructed "characteristic formal organization" in relation to the system of forms, and the Historical significance which is The extent to which the viewer perceives elements in the context as historically important 40 . The study identified two quality indicators to fulfil aesthetic quality on campus; presence of Symbolic aesthetic i.e.; space style, historical significance, and cultural reference, and presence of formal aesthetic i.e.; space unity, contrast, harmony, and scale. ...
... In psychological research, researchers have found that temperature can affect people's emotions (Boix-Vilella et al., 2021;Cai et al., 2021). Meteorological psychologists pointed out that temperature affects people's body, spirit, speech and behavior (Dijksterhuis et al., 2005;Kopec, 2018). Keller et al. (2005) found that warmer temperature in spring improved mood and memory compared to cooler temperature in winter. ...
Introduction
Human emotions vary with temperature factors. However, most studies on emotion recognition based on physiological signals overlook the influence of temperature factors. This article proposes a video induced physiological signal dataset (VEPT) that considers indoor temperature factors to explore the impact of different indoor temperature factors on emotions.
Methods
This database contains skin current response (GSR) data obtained from 25 subjects at three different indoor temperatures. We selected 25 video clips and 3 temperatures (hot, comfortable, and cold) as motivational materials. Using SVM, LSTM, and ACRNN classification methods, sentiment classification is performed on data under three indoor temperatures to analyze the impact of different temperatures on sentiment.
Results
The recognition rate of emotion classification under three different indoor temperatures showed that anger and fear had the best recognition effect among the five emotions under hot temperatures, while joy had the worst recognition effect. At a comfortable temperature, joy and calmness have the best recognition effect among the five emotions, while fear and sadness have the worst recognition effect. In cold temperatures, sadness and fear have the best recognition effect among the five emotions, while anger and joy have the worst recognition effect.
Discussion
This article uses classification to recognize emotions from physiological signals under the three temperatures mentioned above. By comparing the recognition rates of different emotions at three different temperatures, it was found that positive emotions are enhanced at comfortable temperatures, while negative emotions are enhanced at hot and cold temperatures. The experimental results indicate that there is a certain correlation between indoor temperature and physiological emotions.
... Environmental psychology include elements of service organization [21]. From the perspective of environmental psychology, there is a broad line of research on the influence of these factors on variables such as environmental stress, environmental overload and deprivation, psychophysiological and behavioral effects, and performance [22]. ...
Background
Currently, in the scientific literature there is a great interest on the study of strategies to implement patient-centered care. One of the main tools for this is the therapeutic relationship. Some studies suggest that the perception of the environment in which the treatment takes place can influence the perception of its quality, but this is not explored in physical therapy. For all these reasons, the aim of this study was to understand the influence of the environment in which physical therapy treatment takes place on the patients’ perception of the quality of the patient-centered therapeutic relationship in public health centers in Spain.
Methods
A qualitative study analysed thematically using a modified grounded theory approach. Data collection used semistructured interviewing during focus groups.
Results
We conducted four focus groups. The size of the focus groups ranged from six to nine participants. In total, 31 patients participated in these focus groups. Participants described a series of specific experiences and perceptions relating to the environment, which they felt were influential in the establishment of therapeutic patient-centered relationships, including six physical factors (Architectural barriers, Furniture, Use of the computer, Physical space, Ambiet conditions, and Privacy) and six organizational factors (Patient-physical therapist ratio, Treatment interruptions, Social factors, Continuity with the professional, Lack of professional autonomy, and Coordination or communication among team members).
Conclusion
The results of this study highlight environmental factors that affect the quality of the therapeutic patient-centered relationship in physical therapy from the patient’s point of view, and emphasize the need for physical therapists and administrators to underline the need to review these factors and take them into account in their service delivery.
... Por otra parte, el campo de la psicología medioambiental estudia la relación entre el individuo y su medio ambiente una vez que la obra ha sido construida (R. G. Barker, 1968;Kopec, 2012). En dichos estudios se analiza las formas en que el comportamiento individual es alterado por el medio ambiente circundante y se han desarrollado metodologías para analizarlo, tales como la evaluación post ocupación. ...
En los últimos cincuenta años, el Estado mexicano ha considerado a la vivienda como un fin en sí mismo enfocándose en su dotación, soslayando que es un medio para otros fines privados, como el desarrollo y la realización personal. Las apropiaciones de estos conjuntos habitacionales en el tiempo son evidencia de lo que los habitantes han considerado necesario para compensarlo. Esta investigación se pregunta la relación que existe entre la apropiación de la vivienda y la identidad, el apego y el sentido comunitario de sus habitantes. Se utilizó un enfoque cualitativo de aproximación ecológica que considera al habitante y su casa en una relación de co-constitución. Se tomaron seis colonias como casos de estudios, tres financiadas por el estado y tres producidas socialmente (autoconstruidas) – porque en ellas la apropiación es inherente – y se contrastaron. Se encontró que los habitantes de las viviendas producidas socialmente muestran mayor orgullo y satisfacción por su casa, muestran más autoestima y autoeficacia junto con mayor confianza en sus vecinos. Finalmente, a raíz de lo recogido en campo, se construyó un modelo de un habitar apropiando, que recoge las prácticas que conducen a este estilo de vida y que abren la posibilidad de un tejido urbano y social más solidario y robusto.
... Steels (1973) defined the word 'environment' as the surroundings and conditions which are occupied by humans; each element of which has a different impact on human perceptions and behaviours. It is the primary intention of a learning environment to assist and improve the physical aspects for its users, such as those which are auditory and visual (Kopec, 2018). The classroom environment as an intermediate for learning can be addressed separately as two components, namely physical factors and social factors (Ramli et al., 2014). ...
... The density of nerves in the human body is found at the fingertips and lips in the medical field. Thus environmental information for the blind is mainly obtained through this sense of touch (Kopec, 2018). A discussion on this other sensory outside from sight is essential when designing inclusively so that people with diverse abilities can orient themselves quickly. ...
... Dilansir dari data PUSLITBANG Kesejahteraan Sosial, Kementerian Sosial RI tahun 2015, sebanyak 65% remaja perkotaan mengalami pengabaian di lingkungan kehidupannya seperti lingkungan keluarga, sosial, maupun masyarakat [3]. Hal ini menjadikan tingkah laku dan keputusan remaja dinilai kurang terkontrol dan bersifat nonpreventif [4]. Untuk menjalankan proses edukasi ini, dibutuhkan target edukasi yang memiliki kapabilitas untuk berkembang pada suatu wilayah yang strategis untuk penerapannya. ...
... Batas antar zona dapat diidentifikasi dengan menghadirkan landmarks pada masing-masing zona tersebut. Keberadaan landmark dan petunjuk (clue) pada sebuah obyek arsitektur diperlukan untuk wayfinding, yakni metode yang digunakan seseorang untuk bernavigasi dalam rangka untuk mengenali lingkungannya [9]. Landmark yang merupakan sebuah elemen visual di kota, dikonversi menjadi gabungan dari beberapa elemen indera lain sehingga dapat menjadi sebuah identitas dari zona itu sendiri. ...
... Hal yang dipertimbangkan ketika berbicara mengenai kesejahteraan mental dengan sudut pandang arsitektur interior, salah satu yang dapat dipertimbangkan ialah pengalaman obyektif dari ruangan terdesain apakah sebaik dengan pengalaman subyektif pengguna (Petermans, A. & Pohlmeyer, A. 2014). Hal tersebut juga menjadi isu utama dalam psikologi lingkungan (Kopec, 2006). Dalam arsitektur interior, prinsip ini termasuk prinsip yang baru dan perlu dipertimbangkan. ...
Humans will essentially live influenced by the environment. Human life continues to thrive in line with lifestyle and the natural environment. in line with the development of the era from time to time, several new problems arise due to changes in lifestyle and the natural environment. Humans who are increasingly facilitated by technology in doing everything, spend a lot of time indoors. This gives rise to new phenomena that are not considered a serious problem by space users. It will have a more negative impact if allowed to occur continuouslyNot only operational and aesthetic functions are considered in the design of a space in a building, but all things that affect the physical health and well-being of users, as well as connectivity with nature, should also be considered. Marketing Gallery & Clubhouse is a facility and infrastructure owned by property developers to meet the company’s operational support facilities as well as to complement public facilities for the local people. The focus issue is how to apply the principles of health & wellbeing as a solution to improve the quality of life of users, while also facilitating all the needs and convenience of users in it. Interior design with the application of health & wellbeing principles is applied to the design process of the Marketing Gallery & Clubhouse Citraland Puncak Tidar in Malang. The method used in market research is literature study and analysis. While the methods used in the design are problem identification, problem exploration, problem redefinition, and solution proposal.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of nature when incorporated into designing living offices in administrative buildings and the subsequent effects it has on employee well-being. A descriptive methodology is used in the study through analyzing and comparing administrative built environments. The findings of the study reveal that when considering living offices, the design concept and theme of office space should evolve and change to meet the current developing needs of employees. Integrating nature and daylight into living spaces would promote employee productivity and building efficiency. Implementing sustainable design principles, such as natural lighting and greenery areas, into living spaces promotes indoor air quality and reduces electricity consumption. Designs which reflect nature have a strong influence on employee job satisfaction: which subsequently, improves work quality.
The built environment is known to affect human health and wellbeing. Yet architecture does not respond to our bodies or our minds. It tends to be static, ignoring the human occupant, their mood, behaviors, and emotions. There is evidence that this monotony of average space is harmful to human health. Additionally, differences in gender, race, and cultural conditions vary the perception of and preferences for temperature and color. To improve the psychosomatic relationship with architectural spaces, there arises the necessity for it to have a greater range of spatial reactivity and better support for personalized thermoregulation and aesthetics. This paper proposes an architecture that operates like a mood-ring, one that creates rich feedback between architecture and occupant towards individualized reactivity and expression. Sentient Concrete is a prototype of a thermochro-mically treated concrete panel that is thermally actuated by embedded electromechanical systems and can dynamically produce localized thermally reactive responses. It serves as a test case for outlining further research agendas and possible design frameworks for psychosomatic architecture.
This cross-sectional case study (n = 20) took place in Qatar over a 3-month period spanning from September until the end of November in 2021. It examined the impacts of a post-COVID classroom arrangement that incorporated preventive measures like social distancing and the use of face coverings. Using the case study methodology, we employed two qualitative research methods, namely non-participant observation and semi-structured interviews, to gather primary data. We also conducted an extensive literature review to identify the key themes for investigation in the field. The primary focus of our study was on proxemics (personal space and crowding), technology (Zoom), non-verbal communication, and ergonomics (lighting and acoustics). Our study uncovered new areas for future research, particularly in how proxemics change in socially distanced classrooms, affecting personal space and perceptions of crowding. Additionally, it highlighted themes in post-pandemic classroom design, emphasizing the impact of factors like seating arrangements and available amenities (e.g., pinup walls) on student engagement, especially in design-studio classrooms. The study also revealed unexpected challenges, such as issues with microphone usage due to users’ lack of familiarity with their operation. In summary, the research underscores the ongoing importance of adaptable learning methods and communication strategies, particularly in response to preventive measures like social distancing and face-covering, which have reshaped our concept of personal space and emphasized the crucial role of telecommunication in crisis resilience for communities and organizations.
The term “biophilia” refers to the intrinsic affinity that humans have towards nature, natural elements and natural processes. Biophilic design theories suggest that the introduction or representation of natural characteristics or elements into the built environment can help enhance people’s health and wellbeing. Primary school buildings are important environments where children spend considerable time. However, there is limited evidence on the impact of their biophilic features on the children themselves and on perceptions of important facilitators of children’s wellbeing, such as teachers and parents. This research aims to investigate whether teachers and parents perceive children to have a preference or desire for specific biophilic characteristics in their school’s physical environment; and whether teachers perceive some biophilic characteristics as having an effect on children’s performance and behaviour. A framework for evaluating biophilic characteristics in primary schools was developed. Two case study primary schools in London and Bath (England, UK) were audited against this framework, and teachers and parents were surveyed. The results suggest that children do have a preference towards the specific biophilic features studied, which is stronger and more demanding when the exposure is higher. For some aspects, teachers’ perception of benefits is also susceptible to the quality of the environment itself.
Tüketerek var olma biçimlerinin günlük yaşam pratiklerini dönüştürdüğü günümüzde gerek çevrimiçi gerekse çevrimdışı perakende alanlarının yeri ve rolü kritiktir. Bugün pek çok ihtiyacın ‘online’ olarak çevrimdışı öneriler ile çözümlenebildiği bu ortamın fiziksel mekânı yeniden konumlandırdığı ise ortak bir kabuldür. Fiziksel olarak bir mekânda var olmak değerli bir mekânsal deneyim vaat ettiği oranda tercih edilmektedir. Çalışma kapsamında fiziksel perakende mekanlarında deneyim tasarımının günümüz yaşam pratiğindeki gereklilikleri ve bileşenleri nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden betimsel analiz ile desenlenerek araştırılmış, alan yazın taraması ile desteklenmiştir. Perakende tasarımının bugün yaratıcı disiplinlerin hemen her alanı ile stratejik kesişimler barındıran karmaşık yapısı, bu alanda çalışan tasarımcıların çoklu duyumsanabilir mekân deneyimleri geliştirmelerine açılım sağlamakta ve çok disiplinli çalışma modeline de vurgu yapmaktadır. Bu noktada fiziksel mekânın perakende tasarımı konusu için bir stratejik iletişim arayüzü olarak ele alındığı ortaya konmuştur. Buradan hareketle, mekânsal bir deneyim tasarlamanın paradigmaları bugünün yaşam eğilimleri ile detaylıca değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak bugünün perakende mekanlarına ilişkin ‘deneyim sağlayıcıları’ olarak ifade edilen bileşenlere ulaşılmış; bu bileşenlerin etkinliğini arttıran ‘deneyim sürücüleri’ olarak ifade edilen yöntemler tespit edilmiştir. Bu bulgular örnek olarak ele alınan perakende mekanları kapsamında detaylı incelemeler ile desteklenmiştir. Deneyim tasarımının multi-disipliner doğası ve kendini sürekli güncelleyen yapısı gereği konuya ilişkin farklı paradigmaları gündeme taşımaya yönelik bir potansiyeli olduğu saptanmıştır.
Günümüz sosyal yaşam edimleri içerisinde gün geçtikçe derinliği artan bir gastronomi ilgisi ve bu ilgiyi karşılamak için devamlı kendini güncelleyen bir restoran mekânı tasarımı konusu gündeme gelmektedir. İnsanların sosyalleşmek için kullandıkları pek çok tasarlanmış alanda olduğu gibi restoran mekânlarında da tasarımın pek çok disiplini birlikte çalışmaktadır. Bu durum her geçen gün kendini yenileyerek sosyal hayata yön veren bir fenomen halini almış; yeme içme kültürünü ve böylece restoranları hızlı bir tüketim konusu haline getirmiştir. Bu hız ve rekabet ortamında ağırlama endüstrisi çağın güncellemeleriyle kendini her geçen gün ileri taşımak için büyük bir gayret içerisine girmiştir.
Yeme alışkanlıklarını değiştirmeye gönüllüler, beslenme üzerine bilinçlenmiş yeni nesiller ve gıdaya her sürecinde saygı göstermeyi amaç edinmiş kollektif topluluklar da günümüz yemek alışkanlıklarına yön veren sivil girişimlerin lokomotifi haline gelmiştir. Bu durum toplumsal boyutta yeme içme davranışlarına yön veren birtakım temelleri oluştururken sosyal bir deneyim olarak görülmeye başlanan yeme içme buluşmalarına ev sahipliği yapan restoran mekânlarını da bu konunun asıl öznesi yapmıştır. Yeme- içme alışkanlıklarının sosyalleşmek adına dışarıda karşılanma durumundaki ve buna bağlı olarak restoranların sayısındaki artış doğal olarak rekabet ortamını harekete geçirmiş durumdadır. Bu noktada restoranlardan beklenti yalnızca yeme içme eylemi ile doymak ve yemek süresince bir yerde bulunmaktan öte yeni deneyimler ile sosyo-psikolojik birtakım doyumlar yaşamak noktasına evrilmiştir. Böylelikle yeme içme eylemleri ile doyuma ulaşmanın yanı sıra farklı ve yeni mekânsal deneyimlerin sunulması restoranlar için tercih edilme sebebi olmuştur.
The objective of this research is to find the components of the spatial behavior and the creative ecology
in Charoen Krung district, and develop the relationship model between the two variables. The research methods
used are both qualitative and quantitative techniques to analyze both the exploratory and second-order
confirmatory factor analysis of 450 creative people data collected, and develop the relationship between
variables by analyzing the Structural Equation Model. The results of the research showed that the spatial
behavior of creative people can be divided into 2 characteristics which are (1) the habitual usage, and (2) the
purposive usage. The creative ecology is divided into 2 types which are (1) the area that directly connects work and creative business activities (connectors), and (2) the areas that encourage creative activities (enablers). The study of the influence of the creative ecology that effect creative people’s behavior found that all spatial behaviors are significantly influenced from the connector group, and did not found a significant influence on the enablers group. Those involved in the development of the creative district can apply these findings to prioritize development that is consistent with the demand of creative users who are key users.
This research aims to investigate the physical characteristics that encourage people to use creativity and create innovation. Based on the physical analysis of eight highly creative offices and the observation of work behavior of 15 creative workers throughout 58 working days, the research finds open plan layout are being used in every offices. The designers have the highest concentrated working behavior followed by col�laborative behaviors of 2-3 designers, both occurs mainly in the workstation area. Design offices can be cat�egorized into 3 groups according to the behavior of designers: 1) the office that emphasized on high level of work concentration; 2) the office that emphasized on consultations and collaboration among employees; 3) the office that emphasized on break and relaxation. The key to creating a supportive environment for creative work processes and create innovation is to optimize office space planning that fosters the concentration of work and collaborative work.
Although workplaces have significantly evolved over the years, they continue to cling onto conventional rules and regulations. Due to the ever-changing journey of the modern-day woman, it is essential to consider their role as a multi-dimensional one in any institute they are present. Not only has the profile of the typical employee changed, the needs of students in higher education have changed tremendously as well. However, although workplaces have significantly evolved over the years, they continue to cling onto conventional rules and regulations. Therefore, the notion of the monastic institute – which is inflictive of the idea of a lack of attachments outside of the workplace, is outdated and no longer serves its stakeholders. In this chapter, critical issues revolving around feminist theories are discussed which support the need for new ideologies pertaining to the needs of the modern-day woman pursuing a job or education alike.
This article, with the aim of changing an urban space into an urban place, measures the role of "walkability" in the sense of the place that it causes. The article tries to find how and to what extent the increase of walkability may develop and make the place more meaningful within the area.The research method is based on a case study in which the qualitative and quantitative data has been gathered through observations, in-depth interviews, and questionnaires. The efficient responses are assessed by the consensus of professionals, statistical documents as well as people’s opinions and field observations. Reviewing the urban design literature, the aspects of the place, as well as “walkability” factors are analyzed and three aspects, nine dimensions, and 23 measures are suggested to assess streets’ walkability. Information for each measure has then gathered through questionnaires and the entire outcome about research questions are statistically analyzed. Thus, both qualitative and quantitative methods are used together in this research.
Based on a Likert-type scale each criterion, addressed by each question, is rated from one to five that one equals the most acceptable, and five equals the worst. The survey also includes the SWOT analyses (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) addressing all questions. So, these diagrams again provide the ability to compare the qualitative measurement with the quantitative results of questioners. Based on this research, increasing the behavioral aspects of the studied streets will have the highest impact to balance the place quality. Pedestrianized streets have shown more balanced behavioral patterns, particularly in optional dimensions. Therefore, this research uses, for the first time, Jan Gehl’s model of triple behaviors, optional, social, and functional in order to define walkability.
This research concludes that the increase of walkability means the enhancement of place aspects that balance the physical and non-physical aspects of a place. It recommends walkability as the main factor to evaluate urban development plans in historic zones. The sense of a place perceived by people who walk within the cities is one of the imperative factors which must not be neglected.
بیان مساله: مفهوم میدان با برتری حس مکانی و حضور انسانی با فلکه متمایز می شودکه فضایی با گذر اتومبیل است. میدان باید مکانمند و دارای تعامل انسانی باشد. نادیده گرفتن این وجه تمایز و چیرگی اتومبیل یکی از اسباب نامناسب شدن فضاهای شهری از جمله میادین و خیابان های تاریخی شدهاست. پرسش این است که چگونه میتوان ویژگیهای «کالبدی» و «غیرکالبدی» در نمونه ای تاریخی مثل «میدان توپخانه» و چهار گذر شمالی-جنوبی رسیده به آن را متعادل نمود و زمینه «مکانی» شدن آن ها را فراهمساخت. پیاده پذیر شدن بیشتر تا چه میزان و چگونه در این فضاها موجب ارتقا حس مکان خواهد شد؟
هدف: این مقاله با هدف مکان سازی فضاهای شهری، نقش «پیادهپذیری» یک فضا را در«مکانمندی» آن می سنجد.
روش: بنابراین سنجه هایی برای ارزیابی فضای گذرهای مجاور شمال و جنوب استفاده شده است. اطلاعات ابتدا به روش دلفی از هفت گروه متخصص تراز اول طی پرسشنامه ساختارمند و از آرای مردمی گردآوری، سپس با روش آماری و مشاهدات میدانی یافته ها تحلیل شده است.
یافته ها: افزایش پیادهپذیری در این فضاها منجر به افزایش مکانمندی شده و لازم است ولی اصرار بر گزینه پیاده مداری صرف رضایت بخش نیست. این افزایش می تواند تا الگوی «خیابان کامل» پیش رود. گسترش پیادهپذیری از میدان تا خیابانهای مجاور، کل محله، ارگ، محدوده تاریخی حصار اول و دوم تهران و ارتباط آن با کل شهر با این الگو قابل توصیه است.
نتیجه گیری: افزایش پیادهپذیری به معنی بهبود حس مکان است. در فضاهای تاریخی مراکز شهری، دست کم الگوی کامل حرکتی تعادل فضایی نسبی ایجاد می نماید. عدم مداخله یا مداخله های مطلق گرا رضایتمندی را کاهش می دهد. در میدان توپخانه و فضاهای مجاور، الگوی کامل حرکت میسر ولی باید با اولویت پیاده، سواره غیرموتوری، موتوری عمومی و خصوصی باشد.
Designers are often called upon to design therapeutic spaces that serve people who are in fragile emotional and/or physical states. While there is considerable guidance on designing for function in these spaces, the evidence‐based guidance on aesthetics is virtually non‐existent, especially when it comes to color. For a long time, the prevailing assumption in these studies, and among the public in general, has been that hues are the drivers of emotional content (e.g., red is exciting and blue is calming) and they have, for the most part, disregarded the distinct emotional connotations of light, dark, and muted versions of a hue. This oversight has led to unfortunate outcomes in the real world. The idea that blue is calming, for instance, has paved the way for brand new state‐of‐the‐art facilities featuring light blue walls that occupants may read as cold and unwelcoming. Designers need a rational, evidence‐based approach that helps them understand what many of them already know intuitively: spaces can be calm and inviting without being blue. After an overview of the design process, this article proposes that Pleasure‐Arousal‐Dominance (PAD) theory may aid designers to better understand that pale and dark (high and low value) colors convey opposites messages related to strength/power (dominance), and that vivid and muted colors (high and low chroma) convey opposite messages about energy/activity level (arousal). Finally, the author illustrates how this thought process might be applied in an architectural design practice.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.