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Assessment of the Extra Capacity Required of Alternative Energy Electrical Power Systems to Completely Replace Fossil Fuels

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Abstract

The link below is to a report that examines what is going to be required to fully phase out fossil fuels as an energy source and replace the entire existing system with renewable energy sources and transportation. This is done by estimating what it would be required to replace the entire fossil fuel system in 2018, for the US, Europe, China, and global economies. This report examines the size and scope of the existing transport fleet, and scope of fossil fuel industrial actions. To replace fossil fuelled ICE vehicles, Electric Vehicles, H2 cell vehicles for cars, trucks, rail, and maritime shipping was examined. To phase out fossil fuel power generation, solar, wind, hydro, biomass, geothermal and nuclear were all examined. Conclusions were drawn after comparing all these different aspects.
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... Other works have estimated, for example, future global demand for a single element such as copper (Klose and Pauliuk, 2023). In another study, demand for the element associated with batteries was evaluated, and it was found that there would not be enough cobalt for the energy transition, indicating that the entire EV battery solution may need to be rethought and a new, less mineral-intensive solution needs to be developed (Michaux, 2021). It should be noted that most studies attempt to identify problems associated with element demand in the electrical sector (Deetman et al., 2018;Modaresi et al., 2014) and these studies often lack a comprehensive consideration of the physical infrastructure necessary to supply electricity to consumers, as well as a specific focus on mineral reserve depletion. ...
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