poster

Abstract

The pandemic of COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 affects millions of people
globally. Due to lack of specific pharmaceutical intervention to prevent this disaster is major cause of concern at this current point of time. In this concern, a systematic review was done to identify the foremost druggable targets to prevent the infection. The pathology of SARS-CoV-2 infection progresses in three steps- (1) viral entry into the cells especially that of lung alveoli (type-2 pneumocytes), (2) viral multiplication and infection of other cells, and (3) activation of body’s immune response to combat the foreign infection. Major druggable targets in SARS- CoV-2 includes spike protein, envelop protein, nucleocapsid protein, membrane protein, protease, NTPase/helicase, and hemagglutinin esterase. Alteration of endosomal pH, inhibition of viral entry, replication, transcription, translation inside the host cell prevents further infection. We have also provided drugs list of drugs that helps to treat the secondary symptoms like the fever, shortness of breath etc. Apart from this, we have also suggested list of drugs that must not be taken during underlying health conditions like diabetes, pregnancy etc.

Full text

Since the pandemic influenza outbreak of 1918, the COVID-19 pandemic represents the greatest
global public health crisis of this generation. The viral genome of SARS-CoV-2 is rapidly
investigated by the researchers to enable diagnostic testing, epidemiologic tracking, and
development of preventive and therapeutic strategies. The speed and volume of clinical trials
launched to investigate potential therapies for COVID-19 produce high-quality evidence even in the
middle of a pandemic.
Currently, there is no evidence from randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that any potential therapy
improves outcomes in patients with either suspected or confirmed COVID-19. There are no clinical
trial data supporting any prophylactic therapy. More than 300 active clinical treatment trials are
underway globally (refer to ClinicalTrials.org), which is highest as compared to other pandemic
situations.
In-spite of great variability in the viral genome (i.e more than 10 types of mutated SARS-CoV-2
found from the date of outbreak) researchers are doing best towards finding therapeutic candidate.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
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Jervey S, Albaiu D. Research and development on therapeutic agents and vaccines for
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New England Journal of Medicine. 2020 Mar 30.
Baden LR, Rubin EJ. Covid-19—the search for effective therapy.
DRUG COMBINATIONS
DRUGS CONTRAINDICATED DURING UNDERLYING HEALTH CONDITIONS
I would acknowledge Biswajoy Ghosh ,Research scholar (SMST, IIT
Kharagpur) for his expert consultations.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
DRUG TARGETS FOR COVID 19
Nikhil Kumara, Abhijit Deb, Pranabesh Chakraborty*
Bengal School of Technology, Hooghly, W.B
The global pandemic COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) originated in Wuhan, China, in December 2019,and has since
spread worldwide. As of May 5, 2020, there have been more than 6.9 million reported cases and 4,00,000 deaths in more than 200 countries. According to its genetic proximity,
likely to be originated from bat with spread via an intermediate mammal host (Pangolin) to humans.
This novel Beta-coronavirus is similar to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV).
Apanel of commercially available antiviral drugs exhibit in vitro anti–SARS-CoV activity includes nucleoside analogues, interferons, protease inhibitors, reverse transcriptase
inhibitors, and neuraminidase inhibitors.
Chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine, Remdesivir is one of the most promising compounds that has gained international attention for its potential activity against COVID-19.
INTRODUCTION
Structural assembly of SARS –CoV-2 (Spike protein,
Envelop protein , Membrane protein, Nucleocapsid protein)
ACE-2 and Plasma membrane (TMPRSS-2) receptor
Membrane fusion
Endosomal pH
Proteases, Papain-like protease, Hemagglutinin esterase, helicase
Replication, Transcription, Translation of Viral genome
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp)
Cytokine storm(IL-2,6,mTOR receptor)
Immune system
Inflammatory pathways
THERAPEUTIC TARGETS FOR COVID-19 VACCINES IN DEVELOPMENT
Coronavirus vaccine (self-replicating RNA)
BNT-162 (mRNA vaccine)
Vaccine adjuvant CpG 1018
INO-4800 (DNA-based vaccine)
Tuberculosis vaccine –BCG
VIR-7831, VIR-7832 (anti-SARS antibodies)
siRNA
mRNA-1273