This chapter provides an overview of the historical evolution and contemporary legal framework of the EU’s common commercial policy (CCP). A structured presentation of the most important European Court of Justice (ECJ) case law in the field recalls the scope and objectives of the CCP. Specific attention is paid to the unilateral regulation of trade, that is, the EU’s regulations on imports (including trade defence) and exports, services, intellectual property, and foreign direct investment. The chapter also presents the trade barriers and enforcement regulations in their context. Finally, it provides an outline of the main points in the EU’s Free Trade and Investment Agreements with third countries.