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A 50-year perspective on persistence and change: lessons from the rural studies communities.
Abstract
A reexamination of the six rural community study areas in the USA is presented to document some of the diverse patterns of social organization and change that have characterized US rural communities over the 50 years following the original study effort. It also discusses the community characteristics that persisted. The book consists of 9 chapters. Chapter 1 provides the introduction. Chapter 2 presents an overview of major theoretical perspectives that provide a foundation for addressing these issues. Chapters 3-8, which present individual case study reports for each of the 6 communities, provide an examination of contemporary community conditions as juxtaposed against the conditions ensued since that time. Chapter 9 draws upon the findings from all 6 of the case study chapters in: developing a comparative assessment of the patterns of change that have occurred; the effects of change on community capacity and localized social interaction processes; and the implications of such changes for rural community well being and rural development policy. An index is provided.
... Finally, the standardization of education, communication, transportation and economic modes of production has reduced the prominence of some of the unique expressions of localized rural culture, and with it, rural-urban differences in lifestyles have narrowed. Yet, rural people tend to be more politically conservative and hold more strongly to values extolling the importance of individualism and self-suffi ciency ( Fisher, 1995 ;Krannich and Luloff, 2002 ). ...
Informed by several studies of woman abuse in rural settings, the main objective of this paper is to discuss how key principles of Second Generation Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) can be applied to help design appropriate community-based prevention strategies for improving the security of women living in rural places from abuse by spouses and partners in both ongoing and terminated relationships. The gender-sensitive version of CPTED recognizes that communities are contested places where differing strands of values, norms, beliefs and tolerance for crime influence the security of rural women. Hence, some forms of social organization or collective efficacy (not social disorganization) may promote and condone rural woman abuse, and other forms serve to prevent and deter it. We propose a Second Generation CPTED framework that considers the utilization of four main strategies, each tailored to directly address feminist concerns and enhance a locality's collective efficacy to increase women's security: community culture; connectivity and pro-feminist masculinity; community threshold and social cohesion.
Conventional wisdom suggests that different views held by native and in-migrant rural residents lead to a division that ultimately damages community. Using a sample of rural residents in the Southern Appalachian Mountains, we seek to (1) determine whether these groups differ and, if they do, (2) explain the predictors of the difference. Our results suggest that there are demographic and attitudinal differences between natives and in-migrants, although a significant number of in-migrants share native attitudes. Proportion of lifetime spent in the region and perception of threat to cultural heritage play important roles in determining shared attitudes among the groups, implying that natives and in-migrants may not be as different as previously assumed and that in-migrant status by itself may not be sufficient to explain changes in rural community.
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