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Propuesta de actividades para el desarrollo del pensamiento computacional en estudios pre-universitarios

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This work presents a curricular proposal of activities to include computational thinking skills in pre-university studies for students from 8-9 years old and 12-13 years old. This proposal is made for two modalities, one guided and the other by discovery, in which the development of solutions to different problems is proposed by designing an algorithm and then coding it, using visual programming languages. These activities also include robotic exercises and challenges, as well as others where the use of computers is not required. In addition, the concepts of each of the modalities are described in detail. Finally, the results of studying the interest generated by the students in the execution of activities in different schools are presented, analysing them according to age, gender, and modalities.
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XICIDU

La transformación digital de la universidad
Índice Simposios 08
SIMPOSIO 08



Rafael H
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


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Gara 

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  
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   
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           
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

XICIDU

La transformación digital de la universidad
Índice
Simposios 08

      


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Introducción
    
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         
         
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            
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XICIDU

La transformación digital de la universidad
Índice Simposios 08
 
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CS
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
Hour of Code
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Code with Google
       
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  

Según el informe de Datos y cifras del Sistema Universitario Español

  

       
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




Objetivos
         




XICIDU

La transformación digital de la universidad
Índice
Simposios 08



           
       










            








Metodología



modalidad guiada
      Code & Go® Robot

   
     






XICIDU

La transformación digital de la universidad
Índice Simposios 08
Figura 1
           

Code.org
 





  
  

  


Figura 2
  modalidad por descubrimiento para primaria se propone el uso de
ScratchPongCode.org


XICIDU

La transformación digital de la universidad
Índice
Simposios 08
Scratch

Pong


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XICIDU

La transformación digital de la universidad
Índice Simposios 08
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modalidad por descubrimiento
mBot




mBot




Figura 4
Resultados
 





XICIDU

La transformación digital de la universidad
Índice
Simposios 08

 
 
Modalidad
guiada
Modalidad

Modalidad
guiada
Modalidad

  88 alumnos 

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
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







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

  
        


P2: ¿Cuánto sabes de Ciencias de la Computación?
P3:  complejas o difíciles de estudiar?
P4:  importantes?
P5:  de la Computación?

       


Figura 5
        
        

XICIDU

La transformación digital de la universidad
Índice Simposios 08
  
        
    

         






  
        


Figura 6
           














XICIDU

La transformación digital de la universidad
Índice
Simposios 08

      



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 

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

 
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Figura 7

 
       
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

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     

XICIDU

La transformación digital de la universidad
Índice Simposios 08


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

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Figura 8
             



 













   



XICIDU

La transformación digital de la universidad
Índice
Simposios 08






Discusión






     





   





Conclusiones






 









XICIDU

La transformación digital de la universidad
Índice Simposios 08
     


Agradecimientos

 
         



Referencias
CS Unplugged
Code.org
Curso 2
Curso acelerado de introducción a CS

F
      IEEE
Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON)

Code with Google | Google for Education


Actas del V Con-
greso Internacional de Videojuegos y Educación (CIVE»17).

      
Aprendizaje, Innovación y Cooperación como
impulsores del cambio metodológico. Actas del V Congreso Internacio-
nal sobre Aprendizaje, Innovación y Cooperación. CINAIC 2019


Actas de las XXI Jornadas de la
Enseñanza Universitaria de la Informática

Makey Makey

XICIDU

La transformación digital de la universidad
Índice
Simposios 08
Datos y cifras del Sistema Universitario
Español.


Imaginar y
Comprender la Innovación en la Universidad: VII Jornadas de Innova-
ción Educativa de la Universidad de la Laguna/Coord. por Ana Vega
Navarro, David Stendardi


Communi-
cations of the ACM, 52
   Code & Go® Robot Mouse Activity Set  


Innovación docente para convencidos: VI Jornadas
de Innovación Educativa de la Universidad de La Laguna/Coord. por
Ana Vega Navarro, Jacqueline O»Dwyer




Education in the Knowledge Society (EKS), 18

mBot

      Communications of the ACM,
49
... Some authors have supported the idea of introducing Computational Thinking in pre-university studies as a way of improving students' notion of Computer Science (Funke et al., 2016;Herrero-Álvarez et al., 2023;Herrero-Álvarez et al., Jan 2021;Herrero-Álvarez et al., Oct 2021;Lye & Koh, 2014). Also, some experiments have confirmed that giving students a course in which they practice programming through a gaming environment using a robot increases the prospects of providing effective programming education to elementary students (Shim et al., 2017), or that the students' inadequate background knowledge of this field could be improved by teaching programming to children and teenagers at schools (Resnick et al., 2009), but for this to happen, it is necessary to foster the dialogue between the communities of primary and higher education (Medeiros et al., 2019), in addition to training the relevant teachers in pre-university education (Kalogiannakis & Papadakis, 2017). ...
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Full-text available
Emotions affect how we acquire knowledge, being one of the causes of the demotivation generated at the time of studying a new field. Computer Science does not always pique the interest of young people, so we carry out an analysis of emotions that are present in primary and secondary school students, around 8-9 years old and 12-13 years old, who engage in Computational Thinking activities, considering the educational level, gender, and type of intervention, to understand why this lack of interest. The sessions were based on 1 hour of face-to-face class in which activities related to Computational Thinking were carried out. The instrument used to measure emotions was the Developmental Channels Questionnaire which includes 13 different emotions that students must answer using the Likert scale from 0 to 10. The emotions felt have been mostly positive and ambiguous, while negative emotions have a low intensity, particularly in primary education. Regarding the educational level, there are differences between girls and boys only in the secondary education, while in the primary they are no significant. Also, girls show an evolution when carrying out this type of activity, while boys do not change.
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The transformation of traditional education into a Sensitive, Manageable, Adaptable, Responsive and Timely (SMART) education involves the comprehensive modernisation of all educational processes. For such a transformation, smart pedagogies are needed as a methodological issue while smart learning environments represent the technological issue, both having as an ultimate goal to cultivate smart learners. Smart learners need to develop 21st century skills so that they can become into smart citizens of our changing world. Technology and computers are an essential aspect for this modernisation, not only in terms of technological support for smart environments but also in terms of offering new methodologies for smart pedagogy and the development of smart skills. In this context, computational thinking appears as a promising mechanism to encourage core skillssinceitofferstoolsthatfitlearners’interestsandgivesthem the possibility to better understand the foundations of our ICT-based society and environments. In this work, we raise to make an effort to encourage the development of computational thinking as an opportunity to transform traditional pedagogies to smarter methodologies. We provide a general background about computational thinking and analyse the current state-of-the-art of smart education, emphasizing that there is a lack of smart methodologies which can support the training of 21st century smart skills. Finally, we provide —to those educators interested in pursuing the philosophy of smart education— information about initiatives devoted to the dissemination or promotion of computational thinking; existing tools or materials which support educators for the development of computational thinking among the students; and previous experiences and results about the application of computational thinking in educational environments.
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Various aspects of computational thinking, which builds on the power and limits of computing processes, whether they are executed by a human or by a machine, are discussed. Computational methods and models are helping to solve problems, design systems, and understand human behavior, by drawing on concepts fundamental to computer science (CS). Computational thinking (CT) is using abstraction and decomposition when attacking a large complex task or designing a large complex systems. CT is the way of thinking in terms of prevention, protection, and recovery from worst-case scenarios through redundancy, damage containment, and error correction. CT is using heuristic reasoning to discover a solution and using massive amount of data to speed up computation. CT is a futuristic vision to guide computer science educators, researchers, and practitioners to change society's image of the computer science field.
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