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Impact of lifestyle diseases on income and household consumption: Evidence from an emerging economy

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Abstract

With increase in lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, hypertension and heart disease in emerging economies, it is important to understand the impact of acquiring these health issues on household income and consumption. Using a panel data of Indian households, we show that acquiring diabetes, hypertension or heart disease results in increased medical and non-medical expenses for high-income households. However, affected low-income households, to meet their increased medical expenses, had to divert resources from non-medical expenses. Our findings add to the extant marketing literature on impact of crises on consumption behaviour and the marketing implications of such changes in consumption behaviour.

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... Despite the growth in spending, inadequate healthcare systems and cost-effective allocation of scarce resources continue to be a major concern for these countries [24][25][26]. Together with rising income in these nations, other major factors contributing to rising healthcare spending include population aging, rising NCDs, and advances in medical treatments [22,[27][28][29][30][31]. ...
... Consider South Africa, which, like other African nations, faces a massive disease burden caused in part by poverty, gender disparities, natural calamities, wars, climate change, and inadequate health systems. In this area, the unfinished public health agenda for mother and child health, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis (TB), and malaria, as well as neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), need massive health finance and promotion [29]. ...
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Despite economic progress, government efforts, and increased healthcare investments, health deprivation continues to persist in the countries of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS). Hence, addressing the growing demand for health financing in a sustainable way and adopting unique approaches to healthcare provision is essential. This paper aims to review publications on the existing health financing systems in the BRICS countries, analyze the core challenges associated with health financing, and explore potential solutions for establishing a sustainable health financing system. This paper adhered to the PRISMA guidelines when conducting the keyword search and determining the criteria for article inclusion and exclusion. Relevant records were obtained from PubMed Central using nine keyword combinations. Bibliometrics analysis was carried out using R software (version 4.1.3), followed by a comprehensive manual narrative review of the records. BRICS countries experienced increased health expenditure due to aging populations, noncommunicable diseases, and medical advancements. The majority of this increased spending has come from out-of-pocket payments, which often lead to impoverishment. Due to limited fiscal capabilities, administrative difficulties, and inefficiency, providing comprehensive healthcare through public funding alone has become exceedingly difficult for these countries. Public-private partnerships are essential for achieving sustainable health financing and addressing challenges in healthcare provision.
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Chapter
Lifestyle diseases are medical conditions and are primarily caused by unhealthy habits and practices. The different risk factors responsible for lifestyle diseases include poor diet, lack of physical activity, unrestricted alcohol consumption, smoking and chronic stress, and anxiety. Commonly occurring lifestyle diseases are type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cardiovascular disorders, chronic liver disease, mental illness, and lung, breast, ovarian, and colorectal cancers. Lifestyle modification and use of herbal medicines can help in the management of lifestyle diseases. The current chapter briefly describes the different types of lifestyle diseases and their management particularly the role of herbal medicines.
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This paper finds that the incomes of urban households are more vulnerable to health shocks than rural households, that health shocks may precipitate increases in unearned income that partially offset reductions in earned income and large increases in medical spending even among insured households. It also finds that households spend less on food following a health shock, but more on budget items such as housing and electricity. Measures of household health shocks used include a recent death of a working-age household member, a long inpatient spell, and a recent sizeable drop in the body mass index of the household head.
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