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Description of two new species of Rhamphus related to R. oxyacanthae (Curculionidae, Curculioninae, Rhamphini) from Italy based on a morphological study supported by molecular data
Abstract
Two new species of the weevil genus Rhamphus from Italy are herein described: R. bavierai n. sp. (Sicily) and R. hampsicora n. sp. (Sardinia). Both are morphologically and from a molecular perspective close to R. oxyacanthae (Marsham, 1802) and R. monzinii Pesarini & Diotti, 2012. Aside from a diagnostic description and a synoptic key, distribution data and notes on the host plants of the four species are reported. Whereas R. monzinii can be distinguished by several morphological characters, the other three species are morphologically very similar to each other and separable only by the combination of a few subtle characters. On the contrary, a preliminary molecular study revealed substantial divergences of mtCOI from 6.2 to 14.9% between the species, confirming the importance of an integrative taxonomy.
... Recently, Diotti et al. (2021) described two new Italian species of Rhamphus [Clairville], 1798 (Curculionidae, Curculioninae, Rhamphini). As the morphological differences between them and the described taxon, R. oxyacanthae (Marsham, 1802), were subtle, the authors commenced an integrated taxonomic study using molecular data of the new species and related taxa in the genus, which strongly supported morphological differences. ...
... This opinion, although informal, lacking the 25 publications requested by Article 23.9.2, was preliminarily reported by Caldara (2013). We now apply formally in respect of Article 23.9, reporting the following 25 publications: Abbazzi & Maggini 2009;Abbazzi & Osella 1992;Abbazzi et al. 1995;Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2017;Arzanov 2015;Baviera & Caldara 2020;Braunert 2009;Caldara 2013;Caldara & Pesarini 1980;Colonnelli 2003;Diotti et al. 2021;Germann 2010;Germann & Colonnelli 2018;Mazur 2002;Lohse 1983;Pelletier 2005;Pesarini & Diotti 2012;Podlussány 2001;Rheinheimer & Hassler 2010;Telnov 2004;Tempère 1982;Tempère & Péricart 1989;Wanat & Mocrzycki 2005;Wanat & Mocrzycki 2018;yunakov et al., 2018. Therefore, we formally propose Curculio oxyacanthae Marsham, 1802 (currently Rhamphus) as nomen protectum and Rhamphus flavicornis [Clairville], 1798 as nomen oblitum. ...
... However, whereas it is certain that this species is not indigenous to Sicily (Baviera and Caldara 2020), it remains possible that a plant with immature stages, or R. kiesenwetteri itself, could have been transported from Africa to Sicilian gardens, where many species of Acacia have been present for many years (Bazan et al. 2005) and where the brothers Huet de Pavillon could perhaps have collected them during travels in Calabria and Sicily as reported by Tournier (1873). It is noteworthy that until a few years ago, the recently described Sicilian taxon R. bavierai Diotti, Caldara, Toševski, 2021, was erroneously named R. kiesenwetteri Tournier, 1873(see Curculio Team 2009). At the end of his description, Tournier (1873) wrote "Sicile: ma Collection. ...
During morphological and molecular studies of species of Rhamphus from southern and western Europe, the authors realized that some specimens currently identified as R. pulicarius (Herbst, 1795) and R. oxyacanthae (Marsham, 1802), two widely distributed species in Europe, belonged to different closely related taxa. Therefore, it was necessary to examine type specimens of these and other species considered synonymous or confused with them. It was possible to designate lectotypes for Rhamphus subaeneus Illiger, 1808 and Rhamphus kiesenwetteri Tournier, 1873. However, it was necessary to designate neotypes for: Curculio pulicarius Herbst, 1795, Curculio oxyacanthae Marsham, 1802 and Rhamphus flavicornis [Clairville], 1798. These three neotypes were sequenced for mtCOI and the sequences are now accessible online. Moreover, in accordance with Article 23.9 and the Principle of Priority of the Code, because of confirmed synonymy between R. oxyacanthae and R. flavicornis, the former name is officially proposed as nomen protectum and the latter as nomen oblitum. Detailed information regarding historical entomological collections in the Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität of Berlin and the Clairville collection in the Naturhistorisches Museum of Basel, relating to our search for relevant type specimens, is provided.
... Known from all Europe, Anatolia, Siberia and Mongolia . Probably living in Peninsular Italy, doubtfully in Sicily and Sardinia (Diotti et al., 2021) BIONOMY. This species is reported from many genera of Rosaceae. ...
An annotated catalogue of Coleoptera Curculionoidea of “Monte Grappa” Biosphere Reserve is presented. The 528 species surveyed, divided into 7 families and 283 genera and subgenera, include the 265 species already known, plus the 263 are reported for the first time for the area.
Faunistic, chorological and ecological information is given for all the species together with 1.015 illustrations of distinctive species, collecting techniques and selected habitats.
In addition the database of 20.000 specimens collected can be found at: doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7497691
The southern African species of the genus Rhamphus Clairville, 1798, is herein revised for the first time. Fourteen species are recognized, 13 of which are new to science. The single known species was Rhamphus namibicus Korotyaev, 1994 (Namibia), whereas the new species are R. carinatus sp. nov. (South Africa: Limpopo; Zimbabwe), R. densepunctatus sp. nov. (South Africa: Western Cape), R. gigas sp. nov. (Zambia), R. glaber sp. nov. (South Africa: Mpumalanga), R. globipennis sp. nov. (South Africa: Mpumalanga, Limpopo, KwaZulu-Natal, Eastern Cape, Western Cape), R. hispidulus sp. nov. (South Africa: Eastern Cape), R. indifferens sp. nov. (South Africa: Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Eastern Cape), R. levipennis sp. nov. (South Africa: Mpumalanga; Zimbabwe), R. longitarsis sp. nov. (Southern Namibia; South Africa: Northern Cape), R. obesulus sp. nov. (South Africa: Eastern Cape), R. pilosulus sp. nov. (South Africa: Mpumalanga, KwaZulu-Natal; Zimbabwe), R. scaber sp. nov. (South Africa: KwaZulu-Natal, Eastern Cape), R. squamidorsum sp. nov. (South Africa: Eastern Cape, Western Cape). Based on morphological characters, the species are separated into four informal groups. In considering possible relationships between these species and those from other regions, host-plant associations are also discussed.
Cet article présente une liste mise à jour aussi complète que possible des Curculionoidea de l'île connus à ce jour et propose des solutions à quelques problèmes nomenclaturaux ou systématiques patents, il complète un précédent article de l'auteur apportant quelques ajouts à la faune des Curculionoidea de Chypre. Abstract-List of Cyprus Curculionoidea (Coleoptera) (Scolytinae excluded). This article presents an updated list as complete as possible of the Curculionoidea of the island known to date and proposes solutions to some patent nomenclatural or systematic problems: it completes a previous article by the author making some additions to the fauna of the Curculionoidea from Cyprus.
L’esigenza di studiare la fauna dei Coleotteri delle 10 Riserve Naturali dello Stato gestite dal Reparto Carabinieri Biodiversità di Belluno, al fine di approfondirne le conoscenze, ha messo in evidenza la necessità di disporre di uno strumento “agile” per la determinazione delle numerose famiglie di Coleotteri della nostra fauna. Da questa necessità è nata l’iniziale idea di sviluppare una chiave dicotomica ricca di immagini e schemi di dettaglio, che in corso d’opera è stata poi arricchita anche dalle tavole anatomiche e dal glossario. A completamento del progetto, è sembrato utile allegare un catalogo di tutte le 13047 specie di Coleotteri ad oggi segnalate per il nostro Paese, oltre ad una sintetica descrizione delle famiglie esaminate, corredata da note bio-ecologiche e dall’indicazione di alcuni strumenti bibliografici utili per la determinazione a livello specifico degli esemplari in studio.
Quest’opera rappresenta principalmente uno strumento adatto a suddividere i Coleotteri della fauna d’Italia in un totale di 148 famiglie, permettendo talvolta di discriminare tra generi o specie diverse, soprattutto nel caso di famiglie per le quali la fauna italiana risulta composta da poche specie. Tutte le informazioni e i dati che sono qui riportati (caratteri anatomici, note biologiche ed ecologiche, numero di specie ...) fanno riferimento esclusivamente alle specie di Coleotteri presenti in Italia, con aggiornamento al mese di novembre 2021.
La struttura di questa chiave dicotomica si basa sullo studio e la rielaborazione, con adattamento per le specie
della fauna italiana, di numerosi lavori scientifici e chiavi dicotomiche che vengono riportati in bibliografia, oltre
all’analisi diretta dei caratteri diagnostici, effettuata sul materiale della collezione entomologica del Reparto Carabinieri Biodiversità di Belluno e delle collezioni private degli autori.
The need to study the Beetle fauna of the 10 State Natural Reserves managed by the Reparto Carabinieri Biodiversità of Belluno, in order to increase their knowledge, has highlighted the need to have a "smart" tool for determining the numerous families of Beetles of our fauna. From this need, the initial idea of developing a dichotomous key, rich in images and detailed schemes, was born. The key was then enriched with anatomical tables and a glossary. To complete the project, it seemed useful to add a catalogue of all 13047 species of Beetles reported to date for our Country, as well as a brief description of the examined families, with bio-ecological notes and a list of some bibliographic tools to be used for the determination of the specimens under study at the specific level.
This work mainly represents a suitable tool for dividing the Beetles of the Italian fauna into a total of 148 families, sometimes allowing to distinguish different genera or species, especially in the case of families composed of a few italian species. Information and data here given (anatomical characters, biological and ecological notes, number of species ...) refer exclusively to the species of Coleoptera recorded for Italy, updated on November 2021.
The structure of this dichotomous key is based on the study and re-elaboration of numerous scientific works
and dichotomous keys, that are listed in bibliography, with adaptation for the species of the Italian fauna, in addition to the direct analysis of the diagnostic characters of the specimens of the entomological collection of the Reparto Carabinieri Biodiversità of Belluno and of the authors' private collections.
We present the latest version of the Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software, which contains many sophisticated
methods and tools for phylogenomics and phylomedicine. In this major upgrade, MEGA has been optimized for use on 64-bit computing
systems for analyzing bigger datasets. Researchers can now explore and analyze tens of thousands of sequences in MEGA. The
new version also provides an advanced wizard for building timetrees and includes a new functionality to automatically predict
gene duplication events in gene family trees. The 64-bit MEGA is made available in two interfaces: graphical and command line.
The graphical user interface (GUI) is a native Microsoft Windows application that can also be used on Mac OSX. The command
line MEGA is available as native applications for Windows, Linux, and Mac OSX. They are intended for use in high-throughput
and scripted analysis. Both versions are available from www.megasoftware.net free of charge.
Mitochondrial DNA has been the preferential genome biodiversity studies. However, several factors contribute to its inadequacy. Numts constitute one of the main complications that prevent obtaining orthologous mitochondrial sequences. Orthoptera have been a model group in numt studies because of their huge genome size. In this study we aimed to; (i) test efficiency of standard PCR protocol in producing orthologous sequences of cytochrome C oxidase, (ii) study presence/absence of numts in several unstudied Orthoptera species, (iii) test if there is a threshold between the length of mtDNA targeted for amplification and possibility of encountering numts, and (iv) estimate reliability of the sequences in databases in light of these findings. For these aims we studied 38 species of Orthoptera representing different sublineages and genome sizes. DNA extracted from each sample was used to amplify five different fragments of COI region by standard PCR protocol. Sequenced PCR amplicons were checked for numt possibility by several different numt criteria. No sequences without numt signs were obtained for the first fragment. The number of samples with numt signs for the other four fragments differed between the suborders Ensifera and Caelifera. The percentage of samples with numt signs was higher in Caelifera than Ensifera for all fragments. The numt percentage considerably decreased for the longest two fragments. Numts are more prevalent in families with larger genome size. We arrived at the following conclusions: (i) numts are common in all members of Orthoptera, but, their prevalence differs among intra-lineages, especially more prevalent in Caelifera, (ii) there seems a correlation between numt rate and genome size, (iii) there is no threshold to avoid numt co-amplification, but, a 1,000 bp length may be a threshold for Ensifera, (iv) Folmer region of COI doesn't seem an appropriate marker for animal barcoding. Additionally, a phylogenetic tree produced from the numt sequences of fragment four detected in genus Anterastes suggested a paleonumt gained in generic ancestor a 3.5–4 times slower divergence rate for numt sequences.
Viene qui descritta di Piemonte la nuova specie Rhamphus monzinii, prossima a R. pulicarius e R. oxyacanthae, e più simile a quest’ultimo, ma distinta comunque da entrambi per la foggia ben diversa dei genitali ♂♂. La nuova specie sembrerebbe legata, al pari di R. pulicarius, a Salicacee e Betulacee.
This catalogue presents the first-ever complete inventory of all described taxa of Australian weevils, including both valid and invalid names. The geographical scope spans mainland Australia and its continental islands as well as the subantarctic Heard and McDonald Islands, the Pacific Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands and the Indian-Ocean Christmas Island. 4111 species in 832 genera (including one extinct species and one fossil) are recognised as occurring in this territory, distributed over seven families, 20 subfamilies and 94 tribes. The families and subfamilies are arranged in a currently accepted phylogenetic sequence but the tribes, genera and species in alphabetical order. Introductory chapters outline the discovery and composition of the Australian weevil fauna, the burden of synonymy, the format and conventions of the catalogue and the taxonomic and nomenclatural changes proposed. Sixteen new genera and six new species are described, two new names and 25 new generic and 72 new species synonymies and 189 new combinations are proposed and 46 type species designations are effected. The records of 356 taxa are annotated to justify or explain various taxonomic and nomenclatural acts and issues, covering descriptions of new taxa, new synonymies and generic combinations, artificial taxon concepts, changes in classification and a number of nomenclatural matters. The catalogue of the taxa present in Australia is followed by a list of 19 species incorrectly recorded from Australia or introduced as biocontrol agents but not established, and by one species inquirenda. All these records are also annotated. Two appendices list the 102 species introduced into Australia, both accidental and deliberate (as weed control agents). A bibliography with full references of all original descriptions and pertinent other citations from the literature is provided, and an index to all names concludes the catalogue.
The program MRBAYES performs Bayesian inference of
phylogeny using a variant of Markov chain Monte Carlo.
Availability: MRBAYES, including the source code, documentation,
sample data files, and an executable, is available at http://brahms.biology.rochester.edu/software.html.
Contact: johnh{at}brahms.biology.rochester.edu
We previously developed a cladistic approach to identify subsets of haplotypes defined by restriction endonuclease mapping or DNA sequencing that are associated with significant phenotypic deviations. Our approach was limited to segments of DNA in which little recombination occurs. In such cases, a cladogram can be constructed from the restriction site or sequence data that represents the evolutionary steps that interrelate the observed haplotypes. The cladogram is used to define a nested statistical design to identify mutational steps associated with significant phenotypic deviations. The central assumption behind this strategy is that any undetected mutation causing a phenotypic effect is embedded within the same evolutionary history that is represented by the cladogram. The power of this approach depends upon the confidence one has in the particular cladogram used to draw inferences. In this paper, we present a strategy for estimating the set of cladograms that are consistent with a particular sample of either restriction site or nucleotide sequence data and that includes the possibility of recombination. We first evaluate the limits of parsimony in constructing cladograms. Once these limits have been determined, we construct the set of parsimonious and nonparsimonious cladograms that is consistent with these limits. Our estimation procedure also identifies haplotypes that are candidates for being products of recombination. If recombination is extensive, our algorithm subdivides the DNA region into two or more subsections, each having little or no internal recombination. We apply this estimation procedure to three data sets to illustrate varying degrees of cladogram ambiguity and recombination.
Keywords:cladogram estimation;gene genealogy;phylogeography;population genetics;software
MrBayes 3 performs Bayesian phylogenetic analysis combining information from different data partitions or subsets evolving under different stochastic evolutionary models. This allows the user to analyze heterogeneous data sets consisting of different data types—e.g. morphological, nucleotide, and protein—and to explore a wide variety of structured models mixing partition-unique and shared parameters. The program employs MPI to parallelize Metropolis coupling on Macintosh or UNIX clusters.
Availability: http://morphbank.ebc.uu.se/mrbayes
Contact: fredrik.ronquist@ebc.uu.se
*
To whom correspondence should be addressed.
The taxonomic challenge posed by cryptic species (two or more distinct species classified as a single species) has been recognized for nearly 300 years, but the advent of relatively inexpensive and rapid DNA sequencing has given biologists a new tool for detecting and differentiating morphologically similar species. Here, we synthesize the literature on cryptic and sibling species and discuss trends in their discovery. However, a lack of systematic studies leaves many questions open, such as whether cryptic species are more common in particular habitats, latitudes or taxonomic groups. The discovery of cryptic species is likely to be non-random with regard to taxon and biome and, hence, could have profound implications for evolutionary theory, biogeography and conservation planning.
Molecular tools have become prominent in ecology and evolution. A target of choice for molecular ecologists and evolutionists is mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), whose many advantages have also convinced broad-scale, pragmatic programmes such as barcode initiatives. Of course, mtDNA is also of interest to human geneticists investigating mitochondrial diseases. Studies using mtDNA are however put at great risk by the inadvertent co-amplification or preferred amplification of nuclear pseudogenes (numts). A posteriori analysis of putative mtDNA sequences can help in removing numts but faces severe limitations (e.g. recently translocated numts will most of the time go unnoticed). Counter-measures taken a priori, i.e. explicitly designed for avoiding numt co-amplification or preferred amplification, are appealing but have never been properly assessed. Here we investigate the efficiency of four such measures (mtDNA enrichment, cDNA amplification, long-range amplification and pre-PCR dilution) on a common set of numt cases, showing that mtDNA enrichment is the worst performer while the use of pre-PCR dilution is a simple, yet robust method to prevent the pollution of putative mtDNA datasets with numts. Therefore, straightforward recommendations can be made that, if followed, will considerably increase the confidence in the mitochondrial origin of any mtDNA-like sequence.
Intraspecific gene evolution cannot always be represented by a bifurcating tree. Rather, population genealogies are often multifurcated, descendant genes coexist with persistent ancestors and recombination events produce reticulate relationships. Whereas traditional phylogenetic methods assume bifurcating trees, several networking approaches have recently been developed to estimate intraspecific genealogies that take into account these population-level phenomena.
Digital Weevil Determination for Curculionoidea of West Palaearctic. Isochnus/Orchestes/Pseudorchestes/Rhamphus/Rhynchaenus/tachyerges (Curculioninae: Rhamphini)
- Curculio Team
Curculio Team (2009) Digital Weevil Determination for Curculionoidea of West Palaearctic. Isochnus/Orchestes/Pseudorchestes/Rhamphus/Rhynchaenus/tachyerges (Curculioninae: Rhamphini). Snudebiller, 10, 12-38.
A new species from Portugal and a replacement name in Rhamphus Clairville, 1798 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)
- C Germann
- E Colonnelli
Germann, C. & Colonnelli, E. (2018) A new species from Portugal and a replacement name in Rhamphus Clairville, 1798 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae). Entomologische Blätter und Coleoptera, 114, 191-195.
Entomological expedition to Abyssinia
- A Hustache
Hustache, A. (1936) Entomological expedition to Abyssinia, 1926-7: Coleoptera, Curculionidae. the Annals and Magazine of
Natural history, Series 10, 18, 483-505.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933608655218
New and little known species of the weevil genus Rhamphus from Sri Lanka, Ethiopia and Namibia (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
- B A Korotyaev
Korotyaev, B.A. (1994) New and little known species of the weevil genus Rhamphus from Sri Lanka, Ethiopia and Namibia
(Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zoosystematica Rossica, 3 (1), 107-110.
New Curculionidae (Col.) from tropical Africa. the Annals and Magazine of Natural history
- G A K Marshall
Marshall, G.A.K. (1946) New Curculionidae (Col.) from tropical Africa. the Annals and Magazine of Natural history, 12,
429-448. [1945]
https://doi.org/10.1080/00222934508654742
Les Rhamphus de la faune française. Description d'une espèce nouvelle (Col. Curculionidae). L'Entomologiste
- G Tempère
Tempère, G. (1982) Les Rhamphus de la faune française. Description d'une espèce nouvelle (Col. Curculionidae). L'Entomologiste,
38 (1), 9-16.