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Implementation of the strategy of sustainable
development in the model of critical theory of
society and education system
Lesya Chervona1, Hanna Chornoivan2, Olena Grynko3 and Serhii Myroshnychenko4
1 PhD in Philosophy, Senior Researcher, Leading Researcher of Department of University-Society
Interaction Institute of Higher Education of the National Academy of Educational Sciences of
Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
2 PhD in Education Sciences, Academic Secretary, Senior Researcher in Department for Integration
of Higher Education and Research, Institute of Higher Education of the National Academy of
Educational Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
3 PhD in Philosophy, Assistant Professor of philosophy of Kyiv National University of Construction
and Architecture, Kyiv, Ukraine
4 Senior Lecturer, Department of Management, Information and Analytical Activity and European
Integration of the National Pedagogical Dragomanov University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Abstract: The call for democratic reconstruction of education should
contribute to the development of the acquisition and use of knowledge
and thought of as a response to emerging technologies and trends in
globalization. In particular, be aware that nowadays some unfair terms
communities, individuals are privileged in having access to technology,
a high-tech skills and cultural capital than the less privileged
communities. One way to overcome this abyss of a whole complex of
new classes of inequalities, gender, race, education is restructuring so
that all students have access to new technologies and new knowledge in
the system democratized education and training process. Hegelian
dialectics can help the efficiency of the relationship between students
and teachers today in a situation where there is a lack of cultural, social
experience as well as the specific subjectivity between groups, nations
and generations. Teachers, students, and citizens must recognize this
potential conflict and consolidate work to overcome these conflicts,
making these actions more productive. Overall, the democratization of
education can be enhanced in part by increasing elaboration and
interactive forms of education, including such as distance education, the
development of collective educational websites, online discussions and a
scientific online community, shared internet research projects. But the
restructuring of education also requires targeted public, values
education, literacy cultivation. For teaching and learning books and
printed materials based on multimedia and Internet materials should be
considered as an additional, rather than as the primary means of
democratization of education.
1 Introduction
The growth of political, economic and cultural conflicts, terrorism, wars requires
education to research issues of war and peace, the use of achievements in conflict resolution
through mediation, which is an important part of the democratic program of social
development. The growth of cultural conflict makes all the more important understanding
Ύ Corresponding author: zinchenko.72@gmail.com
© The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons
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of what is important in today's globalized world, the formation of empathy and
understanding of others, seeing how the humanistic values of tolerance and education, the
struggle for peace and justice can be established in the present situation [1]. Critical
pedagogy in this context must also deal with a difficult issue to overcome cultural
differences, understanding, and develop a convincing model of democracy, which will
include the development of existing and marginalized groups and conflict between different
communities and culture [2]. It's important noted that critical theory seeks to restore
humanized content and meaning of education is not for the introduction of capital values of
industrial and high technology, but above all, a radical democratization of education in
order to achieve the goals of progressive educators, in particular, such as Dewey, Freud,
Illich in education, research that will contribute to the development of personality
citizenship and community, social justice and strengthening democratic participation in all
kinds of life. Over the past decade there has been persistent attempts to impose neoliberal
policies on education, the desire to reorganize the school under a business model
implementation rigidly standardized curriculum. primitive testing methods, distorting the
meaning and purpose of pedagogy. This neo-liberal program is catastrophic for the content
of education and training and the critical theory of education in this context should be seen
as a critique of neoliberal restructuring of education and in this sense it is necessary to
propose an alternative concept and practice of education, training and social development
[3]. Globalization and the technology revolution have be used for a radical restructuring of
education and support for members of a radical pedagogy training conditions so that they
can offer their models of pedagogy and reconstruction of education for its service to
democracy and progressive social change. Although strictly necessary to criticize neoliberal
model, it is also important at the same time offering them an alternative. Therefore, you
must be accompanied by a demand for new knowledge and restructuring education program
of democratization.
The modern concept of «critical social philosophy of education» examines the
modernization of social, economic and political development and the potential of
anthropological-psychological structure of human values and normative dimension of
contemporary globalized society world reformation strategy in society, education and
management, globalization and their institutionalization processes and perspectives
humanization of education, administration, education [4,5]. Critical Theory of Education,
which develops in recent years within the postmodern update traditionalist educational
paradigm requires researchers a new view on the social structure of education, a special
analysis of the context of solving educational problems. It requires a deep analysis of the
relationship between teaching and administrative components of democratization. But it
specifies only the general ideological and methodological framework addressing issues of
democratization of education, leaving unanswered questions about the specific terms of
such decision. Changes in the interpretation of the democratic social order led to the need to
find mechanisms and conditions for the implementation of the idea of democracy in
educational institutions, the need for new research and practical advice based on the current
systemic vision of education for school allocation as a key element of the system, the
contextual analysis of individual successful attempts of democratization. Thus, the research
problem in a generalized sense is to theoretically determine and verify the experience of
such approaches to democratization of education that would overcome the abovementioned
difficulties and solve the problem of coherent implementation of the idea of democratic
education.
2 Research methodology
In current trends of social development with ever more general need arises the need
solving in theoretical and practical terms, the problem of civic institutional democratization,
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including systems management, and education and realize the vision of a democratic public
education and enlightenment.
Modern management, philosophy and sociology of education, developmental
psychology suggest that the mechanisms and conditions for the implementation of
pedagogical ideas are reflected not only in the formal organizational structures and training
programs. A key role in pedagogically meaningful social affairs educational institution
plays a set of explicit and implicit factors – an informal organization of schools forming
objective (institutional) context of democratization of education. However, the existing
studies, this task is not fully resolved. Therefore it is important to answer the question of
what institutional context can be given in school to become a condition of its conversion to
an open democratic community? Significant severity of the theory and practice of
democratic education is the fact that existing studies on democratization listed areas are
considered on the basis of understanding of democracy, designed for advanced social
institutions at the beginning of the century. Therefore, the implementation of the said idea
requires, first, clarify ideas about democracy under contemporary socio-cultural situation
and, secondly, the development trends of transformation of education as a social institution
of specific rights, exposing idea of democracy can be implemented. The solution of this
problem makes appeal as a social theory that clarifies the modern idea of democracy and
the theory of education. Contemporary social theory offers a new understanding of
democracy (critical or pluralist model), different from the traditional liberal or
asocinianism, the essence of which is to overcome the alienation of the individual from
society and culture, diversity and globalization.
3 Results of the research
As social philosophy, philosophy of science, global studies, and management are
discussed in «critical social philosophy of education» as the basis of institutional and
ideological foundations of civil process, the educational process is presented in this context
as an object of management and socio-philosophical analysis. Therefore, researchers who
belong to this ideological school, analyze the main trends of research institutionalization of
civil society, education and training in context of global humanistic philosophical
principles, values and management models and types / levels of government. The system of
quality education, effective public education at various levels have to anticipate both and
effective system of social management, guarantee the existence of which is in turn
developed institutionalized civil society, and the formation of which requires not only the
rule of law as its premise, but a completely new concept of learning, based on the social
model philosophy of education [6]. However, only a developed and stable democratic
system of education and public education enables efficient formation of civil society, the
rule of law is the foundation of a stable democratic government and authoritative power [7].
Critical theory management of education should be based on a critical theory of society,
which is conceptually analyzes the features of actually existing capitalist societies and their
relations of domination and subordination (oppression), conflict and the prospects for
progressive social change and transformative practices that make projects more complete,
freer life and democratic society. Criticality theory means a way of seeing and
understanding, building categories, making connections, reflection and participation in
practice theory, theory of withdrawal of social practice. Critical Theory is interdisciplinary,
involving analytical criticism arsenal of different academic science and transdisciplinary
theories of various branches of knowledge for making multicultural objective view of the
present and future society. Critical theory is a boundary crossing, interaction and mediation,
combining different aspects of social life in complex projects of normative historical
thinking. Her metatheory so most models contain a holistic education that integrates a
variety of topics that are dialectical unity, not dividing the material in to knowledge.
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According to the critical theory of education in today's society there is thus a
fundamental mismatch between education and life experience, expectations of the older
generation regarding labor and new social conditions and previous organizational forms of
economy and culture, as opposed to the new digital and multimedia on based culture and
fusion global economynt.
The concept dates back to the 1970's and 1980's in a socially-critical studies P. Freire,
H.Marcuse, Ch.Reych, I.Illich, R.Prebisch, K.Leech, R.Lichtman, R.Jacoby and others. It
also uses some narobky G.Deleuze, F.Guattari, M.Foucault, J.Lacan. Methodological and
analytical principles in this area of research based on critical theory and social studies
formed on the basis of the concept of «social deliberative», «social subsidiarity», Liberty
reflex communitarianism, according to which the subject and the object is interacting
factors among the entire set of social practice at the institutional level, this stage of its
historical development. interdisciplinary Now this trend is headed philosophers, political
scientists, economists, cultural D.Kellner, I.Benjamin, R.Lichtman, R.Jacoby, P.Orban,
D.Cooper, A.Jappe, A.Badiou, M. Debes, G.Miaret, S.Zhyzhek, R.Kurz, M.Bookchin,
P.Cockshott, A.Cottrell, R.Danneman, R.Scholz, E.Lohoff and S.Miller, others. They seek
to expand the existing understanding of the theory and practice of education and social
philosophy, management of the achievements and challenges of globalization processes, the
institutionalization of civil society, their role for social life and social cognition in the
context of education and social analysis of the phenomena of education, upbringing and
training. Social philosophy, philosophy of science, global studies, and management are
discussed in «social philosophy of education» as the basis of institutional and ideological
foundations of civil process, the educational process is presented in this context as an object
of management and socio-philosophical analysis. In this concept the analysis of social,
philosophical and managerial aspects of the models and methodologies of modern
educational philosophy and management educational process.
When using the term «critical theory» (eg, education) is generally understood
methodological developments of the Frankfurt School of Social Research, but the
understanding of critical theory is broader than the version developed «Frankfurters». In the
context of theorizing and reconstructing education for the modern era, it is necessary to
include the tradition of critical pedagogy, post-structuralism and pragmatism. The last topic
covered critique of reason and of liberal democracy in particular the French version of
«posttheory» But it is also necessary to consider the critical theory research on
globalization, society, education, gender, race and subjectivity have developed a wide range
of theoretical entities in recent years. These topics can enrich critical pedagogy and help
with the project of democratization and reconstruction of education to ensure that the goals
of social justice and progressive change can provide the pedagogy and practice of
education. Metateoretychne I use the term «critical theory» as a concept of opening this
project to show the critical dimension of theoretical aspirations and political dynamics that
seek to link theory and practice. The concept of «criticality» is synoptic in a wide range of
themes and issues «critical» in ancient Greek verb meaning krinein, which means to
distinguish reason and judgment, and «theory» in the sense of the Greek noun
contemplation to which the way of seeing and contemplation. Of ancient Greek criticism is
rooted in everyday life and is an example of Socratic practice study of social life, its
institutions, values, and dominant ideas and his own thoughts and actions [8].
Criticism has become central to the project of the Enlightenment as a critique of power
and legitimation of his intellectual and political positions. According to the Kantian sense
of criticism, for example, want to question all the ideas of reason, morality, religion,
aesthetics, and other dominant ideas to see how they can be justified and institutionalized.
Kant criticism aimed at the autonomy of prejudice and unfounded ideas and demands
rigorous reflection on their background and the major positions and arguments to support
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their position. Critical theory is also based on the Hegelian concept of criticism, criticism
unilateral position (such as technophobia against technology) and development of a
complex dialectical perspectives that reject and unsubstantiated, erroneous or oppressive
features of the item at the same time creating a positive and liberating aspects. Critical
theory takes the Hegelian concept by developing a coherent theory to try to understand the
totality of the industry, however, assuming that it is important to make associations and
formulate conflict, breaking idealistic or reductive theories in general.
A critical theory of education also draws on Marxian critique, stressing the importance
of critique of ideology and situating analysis of a topic like education within the dominant
social relations and system of political economy. The Marxian project systematically
criticized the assumptions of an established hegemonic discipline, as in Marx’s critique of
political economy, and constructed an alternative theory and practice to overcome the
limitations and oppressive features of established institutions and systems of production.
Marxian critique involves radical examination of existing ideologies and practices of
education and the need for pedagogical and social transformation to free individuals from
the fetters of consumer capitalism and to help make possible a free, more democratic and
human culture and society. Marxian theorists like Antonio Gramsci criticized the ways that
Italian education and culture reproduced ideologies of the bourgeoisie and then fascism and
called for a counterhegemonic cultural project that would encompass alternative institutions
from schooling to theater to journalism to help construct a socialist and democratic society.
In our time, as Charles Reitz has demonstrated, Herbert Marcuse carried out sustained
criticisms of the existing system of education as a mode of reproducing the existing system
of domination and oppression and called for counter-institutions and pedagogies to promote
democratic social transformation and the full development of individuals.
Building on this tradition in the critical spirit of Hegelian philosophy, and classical
philosophy of education can help in the project of reconstruction and democratization of
education and society, but some idealist, elitist and repressive elements of classical and
modern pedagogy must be rejected. Critical Theory of Education provides a normative
dimension theory as practice building life and educational alternatives available.
Development of this educational model applies regulatory developments classical
philosophy of education from the Greeks through John Dewey and critics of classical
western education such as Ivan Illich [9,10] and Paulo Freire [11–13]. In Greek philosophy
means love of wisdom (philo-Sophia) and the practice of philosophy – a Paideia
(formation) and development of man and citizen. In the early twentieth century, John
Dewey, headed direction, which has developed the most stable premise of progressive
education, relationship education and democracy. Dewey argued that there can be no
democratic society without a democratic education that everyone should have access to
education and that education is the key to democracy, and thus social welfare. Dewey was
an advocate of a strong, egalitarian and participatory democracy, where everyone takes part
in social and political life. For Dewey, education is the key to working democracy, so as to
reasonably participate in public and political life, to be informed and educated to be able to
be of high quality and competent member of the national democratic life.
4 Conclusions
The call for democratic reconstruction of education should contribute to the
development of the acquisition and use of knowledge and thought of as a response to
emerging technologies and trends in globalization. In particular, be aware that nowadays
some unfair terms communities, individuals are privileged in having access to technology, a
high-tech skills and cultural capital than the less privileged communities. One way to
overcome this abyss of a whole complex of new classes of inequalities, gender, race,
5
E3S Web of Conferences 277, 06005 (2021)
ICEES 2021
https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127706005
education is restructuring so that all students have access to new technologies and new
knowledge in the system democratized education and training process. Hegelian dialectics
can help the efficiency of the relationship between students and teachers today in a situation
where there is a lack of cultural, social experience as well as the specific subjectivity
between groups, nations and generations. Teachers, students, and citizens must recognize
this potential conflict and consolidate work to overcome these conflicts, making these
actions more productive. Overall, the democratization of education can be enhanced in part
by increasing elaboration and interactive forms of education, including such as distance
education, the development of collective educational websites, online discussions and a
scientific online community, shared internet research projects. But the restructuring of
education also requires targeted public, values education, literacy cultivation. For teaching
and learning books and printed materials based on multimedia and Internet materials should
be considered as an additional, rather than as the primary means of democratization of
education.
In addition, the critical social and philosophical theory of education will involve
merging class-based Socratic discussions of research projects that will combine oral,
written, multimedia and cultural forms of the learning process, not favoring any of them.
Some educators still insist that direct dialogue in the classroom / class is the alpha and
omega of quality education, but seeing for classroom dialogic extremely productive, do not
need to fall into a false fetysh any of the training shapes. This also applies to new media
models of education. Rather, the task is to build in quality development in all experimental
and more all these aspects of the educational process on civil-social restructuring and
democratization of education. Consequently, the reconstruction of education on the grounds
that the socio-economic, cultural and material conditions of life and labor vary with the
social development of the mind is the answer to the great transformation of our time.
Critical Philosophy of Education is committed to providing a radical critique of existing
education in so-called Western models of democracy, creating a progressive alternative
models.
In this context, the proposed integrative metatheory that is Based on classical and
contemporary sources, concepts, committed to a comprehensive understanding of the
phenomenon and the reconstruction of education. One of the main objectives in the
democratization of education today, therefore, is to engage education for the restructuring
and democratization of society and reflect the changes in the conditions of life and thinking,
experience and transformation of subjectivity in the context of the technological revolution
and globalization. It involves using technology to democratic reconstruction of education
and the promotion of progressive social and political change without the help of the
neoliberal model values and capital social order.
Based on this premise, in the long run it allows to develop the philosophy of education
to develop a more inclusive vision of philosophical education to speak directly to issues of
democratization and changing social relations in the direction of equality and social justice.
As social circumstances are constantly changing, critical theory of education must be
radically addressed to historicism, trying to reconstruct education and its institutions as
social development conditions and create educational alternatives in terms of needs,
problems and opportunities of specific groups of people in specific situations. However, in
terms of philosophical and normative understanding and social criticism also necessary to
use an active effort on the reconstruction of education and society, the social vision of what
education and life can be and what their specific limitations in existing societies.
Thus, social and philosophical critical theory of education involves the study of
education in a public context for understanding how the radicalization of democratic
education can help to significantly change society and its essence.
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