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Journal of Economics and Allied Research (JEAR) Volume 6, Issue 2---June 2021
Abstract
Journal of Economics and Allied Research (JEAR) is a peer-reviewed open access journal published by the Center for Contemporary Economics and Allied Research, Department of Economics University of Nigeria in collaboration with the University Press, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. The journal accepts state of the art research in the following areas: All areas of mainstream economics as well as other areas such as environment, health, economics geography, social and cultural issues, petroleum and energy economics, political economy and public policy. The journal publishes articles quarterly. Articles involving cross sectional, cross country, time series and panel studies are welcome. In selecting articles for publication (from articles that have passed the review process) the journal will try to strike a balance among the subject areas and methodological approaches. In order to facilitate the speed of acceptance, articles addressing current economic problems or challenges with specific policy relevance will be given priority. Articles can be submitted online or as attachment any time to the email of the journal editor as shown below:
(Email: jeareconunn@gmail.com)
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A high proportion of people suffer from malnutrition and other diseases related to poor nutrition and the rural people are worst hit by sicknesses resulting from poor nutrition. Therefore, this research work examined effects of sickness on labour productivity among crop farmers in Obafemi/Owode Local Government Area of Ogun State. A total number of one hundred and forty two farmers were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression analytical procedure. The descriptive analysis indicated that farmers in the study area literarily have no other source of income (59.86%). They are mostly aged males (65.49%) who have little or no education but a long year of experience in farming (more than 90% have more than ten years experience). Malaria is discovered to be the main cause of the prevailing sickness in the area with about 52% victims affected by it. The regression analysis revealed that the type of toilet used by the farmers, distance of toilet from homestead, working hours per day, diversification extent of food consumed and number of days farmers fell sick during cropping season are major influencing factors. The effects of sickness on labour productivity revealed that land area cultivated by farmers and weight of seeds planted directly affect labour productivity while proportion of days lost by farmers due to sickness and educational qualification have negative effects. It is therefore, recommended that youths should be encouraged to venture into agriculture and the provisions of rural community health services should be strengthened.
This study examined the impact of Development Exchange Centre microcredit programme on crops output and standard of living among women farmers in Kaduna State, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling method was employed to select 420 respondents. Primary data were collected through the use of questionnaires and were subjected to both descriptive and inferential statistics. The mean farming experience was 22 years for DEC participants and 19 years for non-DEC participants while mean farm size for participants and non-DEC participants was 2.0 ha. Determinant of standard of living on programme participants, the study concludes that, age (0.0405, P<0.01), farm size (47.510, P<0.01), education, credit (0.6031, P< 0.01) and extension contact (0.002, P< 0.01), had direct relationship with the standard of living of programme participants, This implies DEC, increase the standard of living of programme participants in Kaduna State. Determinant of crops output of programme participants shows that, farm size (0.046, P<0.01), credit (0.821, P< 0.01), extension contact (0.0542, P< 0.05). F-chow statistics shows that DEC microcredit had positive impact on crops output of programme participants. Z – statistics also indicated positive impact on living standard of the participants. It was recommended that, DEC microcredit organization should increase the amount of loan disbursement to N100, 000, so as to increase participation; extend the repayment period, lowered interest rates and extend the programme to other farming communities in Kaduna State, there by improving the standard of living of women farmers in the state
This research work examined the empirical relationship between the Manufacturing sector and Economic Growth in Nigeria for the period 1990 to 2013 using ordinary least square method to ascertain the relationship between manufacturing, its components and economic growth. The results show that the output of the manufacturing sector contributed negatively and had an insignificant relationship to real gross domestic product growth, which was indicative of the fact that the manufacturing sector of the Nigerian economy is presently experiencing decay as a result of non-implementation of policies aimed at boosting the sector; the average manufacturing capacity utilization rate contributed positively and had a significant relationship to real gross domestic product growth; the exchange rate and interest rate did not contribute to real gross domestic product growth, which shows a sign of macroeconomic instability; the inflation rate contributed positively to real gross domestic product growth but, the insignificant nature of the inflation rate was indicative of the fact that the inflation in the Nigerian economy is not properly managed; government expenditure was significant indicating that the expenditure made by the government in the Nigerian economy was adequate but not properly managed, but nevertheless, contributed positively to economic growth. The study therefore, suggests that there should be an increase in government expenditure and proper management of the expenditure on manufacturing sector to ensure stable growth in the economy; there should be promotion of financial institutions to cater for the creation of funds for the manufacturing sector; there should be a reduction in interest rate to encourage more investment in the economy which will boost the economic growth of Nigeria; there should be a moderation in exchange rate to encourage investments thereby ensuring stability in the economic growth of Nigeria and; improving in the productivity of the manufacturing sector by upgrading its technologies.
The research work examined the effect of exchange rate fluctuations on manufacturing sector output in Nigeria from 1986 to 2014, a period of 28 years. Data sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical Bulletin and World Development Indicators (WDI) on manufacturing output, Consumer Price Index (CPI), Government Capital Expenditure (GCE) and Real Effective Exchange Rate (EXC) were analyzed through the multiple regression analysis using Autoregressive Distribution Lag (ARDL) to examine the effect of exchange rate fluctuations on manufacturing sector. Using ARDL it was discovered that exchange rate fluctuations have long run and short run relationship on manufacturing sector output. The result showed that exchange rate has a positive relationship on manufacturing sector output but not significant. However, from the empirical analysis it was discovered that exchange rate is positively related to manufacturing sector output. Therefore, the paper recommended that government should implement the policies on export strategies to encourage exports and discourage imports in order to achieve a favourable balance of payment; government should encourage the use of domestic materials in production in order to encourage international competitiveness and also increase expenditures on economic services such as manufacturing so as to increase their output
Given that the policy target of restricting imports through tariffs system and diversifying
the Nigerian economy from an import dependent is consistent with the policy options of
the domestic demand-led growth strategy, this study investigates the impact of the
domestic demand-led growth strategy on household welfare in Nigeria using a
Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model. The study formulated two scenarios; a
protectionist trade policy and a trade liberalization policy, under which 70% increase in
import tariffs and 15% increase in import tariffs respectively were simulated. The results
of both simulations indicate a fall in income, savings and utility of rich and poor
households. Similarly, the results show that both rich and poor households lose welfare
with protectionist and liberal trade policies. However, the biggest loss in household and
social welfare occurs with a 70% increase in import tariff. The study therefore
recommends a less than 15% increase in import tariffs which would likely promote
aggregate domestic demand and improve households’ welfare.
This study investigated the effects of bank credits on the manufacturing sector output in Nigeria from 1981-2018. The data for this study were sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin. The study adopted the Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bound cointegration test approach and error correction. In the bound test following the ARDL, it investigated that the variables of interest put in the model are bound together in the long-run and error correction term displayed a negative and statistically significant. The negative value shows that there exists an modification speed from short-run disequilibrium towards the long-run balance. Given the error correction instrument outcome, the study revealed that bank credits exhibited a optimistic and significant relationship with the presentation of manufacturing sector in Nigeria. The study therefore recommends that policies geared towards deepening the financial sector and enhancing the healthy and soundness of banks should be vigorously pursued. Also the Central Bank of Nigeria should as a matter of urgency review downwards the lending interest rate in view of this COVID-19 pandemic threatening the whole world.