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‫ﻣﺪل‬ ‫ﺑﺎزﯾﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻋﯿﺎر‬ ‫ﺳﺎزي‬ ‫ﺳﺎري‬ ‫ﻃﻼي‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻧﺴﺎر‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﯽ‬ ‫اﻟﮕﻮرﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫زﻣﯿﻦ‬ ‫آﻣﺎري‬- ‬ Modelling The Grade And Recovery Of Sari Gunay Epithermal Gold With The Application Of Geostatistical Algorithms

Authors:

Abstract

With the increase in complexity of mineral deposits, understanding the grade variability is of high significance in getting enough information about the deposit, preventing financial losses and identifying optimized plans during and after exploitation. Likewise, mineralogical variability, grade, alteration … can highly effect metal recovery. Modeling these parameters is seriously substantial in order to have an optimized exploitation of the mine and to minimize the risks and costs. This study used the dataset of 91 drill holes from Sari Gunay epithermal gold deposit located in north-west of Iran to model gold grade and the recovery resulted from leaching tests. Initially, the oxide and sulphide zones were distinguished using Indicator Kriging and Simulation. Then the gold grade and recovery in each zone were modeled with the application of sequential Gaussian simulation and the developed block model. The grade-recovery curve was then drawn to estimate the total tonnage amount of the deposit which was related to the sulphide zone in more than 70%. Then with the help of recovery simulation data, the was considered a preferable parameter in depicting the curve and estimating the reserve.
ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﻪﯾﺮﺸﻧ »نﺪﻌﻣ ﯽﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ«
هرود 16هرﺎﻤﺷ ، 50 ، رﺎﻬﺑ1400ﻪﺤﻔﺻ ، 1 ﺎﺗ13
Journal of Mining Engineering (JME)
Vol 16, No 50, 2021, pp 1-13.
ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ"ﯽﻤﻠﻋ-ﯽﺸﻫوﮋﭘ"
لﺪﻣﯽﺑﺎﯾزﺎﺑ و رﺎﯿﻋ يزﺎﺳ يرﺎﺳ يﻼﻃ رﺎﺴﻧﺎﮐ ﯽﻧﻮﮔﻢﺘﯾرﻮﮕﻟا زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ
ﻦﯿﻣز يرﺎﻣآ
زﻮﻧز يرﻮﻧ اﺮﻫز
1
،يﺮﻐﺻا ﺪﯿﻣا
21
ﺎﯿﻧ ﯽﻤﯿﻬﻓ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ،
3
1- ناﺮﻬﺗ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد نﺪﻌﻣ ﯽﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ﺪﺷرا ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ يﻮﺠﺸﻧاد Zahra.nouri@ut.ac.ir
2- ناﺮﻬﺗ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد نﺪﻌﻣ ﯽﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد رﺎﯿﺸﻧاد o.asghari@ut.ac.ir
3- ناﺮﻬﺗ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد نﺪﻌﻣ ﯽﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد يﺮﺘﮐد يﻮﺠﺸﻧاد m.fahiminia@ut.ac.ir
:ﺖﻓﺎﯾرد ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ)27/11/1398 - :شﺮﯾﺬﭘ ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ03/11/1399(
هﺪﯿﮑﭼ
ترﺎﺴﺧ زا يﺮﯿﮔﻮﻠﺟ و رﺎﺴﻧﺎﮐ زا ﯽﻓﺎﮐ ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺐﺴﮐ ياﺮﺑ رﺎﯿﻋ ﻊﯾزﻮﺗ ﯽﯾﺎﻀﻓ ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ كرد ،دﻮﺟﻮﻣ يﺎﻫرﺎﺴﻧﺎﮐ ﯽﮔﺪﯿﭽﯿﭘ ﻦﺘﻓرﻻﺎﺑ ﺎﺑ و ﯽﻟﺎﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗﯽﻧﺎﮐ عﻮﻧ يﺮﯾﺬﭘﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ .دراد ﯽﯾﻻﺎﺑ ﺖﯿﻤﻫا جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا زا ﺲﭘ و ﻦﯿﺣ ﻪﻨﯿﻬﺑ يﺎﻫ و نﻮﯿﺳاﺮﺘﻟآ ،رﺎﯿﻋ ،يزﺎﺳهﺮﯿﻏ زﺎﺑ ﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﮐ ﯽﺑﺎ
ﯽﻣ ﺮﺛا فﺪﻫ .دراﺬﮔﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ لﺪﻣﻪﺑ ﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﻦﯾا يزﺎﺳهﺮﻬﺑ رﻮﻈﻨﻣﯽﻣ تروﺮﺿ ،ترﺴﺧ و ﻪﻨﯾﺰﻫ نﺪﻧﺎﺳر ﻞﻗاﺪﺣ ﻪﺑ و نﺪﻣ زا ﻪﻨﯿﻬﺑ يرادﺮ .ﺪﺑﺎﯾ
هداد ﮏﻤﮐ ﻪﺑ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا رد يﺎﻫ91 يﻼﻃ هﺮﯿﺧذ ﮥﻧﺎﻤﮔ ﻪﻘﻠﺣﭘالﺎﻣﺮﺗ يرﺎﺳلﺎﻤﺷ رد ﯽﻧﻮﮔلﺪﻣ ،ناﺮﯾا بﺮﻏﯿﻋ يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ يزﺎﺳ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزﺎﺑ و رﺎ
ﻪﯿﺒﺷ و ﻦﯿﻤﺨﺗ ﮏﻤﮐ ﻪﺑ اﺪﺘﺑا .ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا ﮓﻨﯿﭽﯿﻟ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣﮐﻮ لﺪ ﮏﻤ ﺑ ﺲﭙ .ﺪ اﺪ هﺪﯿ و هﺪﯿا ﻪﻨاد ود ﺺﺧ يز
ﻪﯿﺒﺷ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣﻪﯿﺒﺷ شور ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﮔاﺪﺟ ﻞﮑﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺮﻫ رد ،يزﺎلﺪﻣ ،ﯽﺳﻮﮔ ﯽﻟاﻮﺘﻣ يزﺎﺳلﺪﻣ ﮏﻤﮐ ﻪﺑ .ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا ﯽﯾﺎﻀﻓ يزﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد
زا ﻪﯿﺒﺷ زا ﺶﯿ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ دروآ هﺮﯿذ ناﺰﯿ و ﻢﺳر ژﺎ رﺎﯿ ﺤﻨ ،رﯿ يز70 ﺲﭙﺳ .ﺖﺳا يﺪﯿﻔﻟﻮﺳ نوز ﻪطﻮﺑﺮﻣ نآ ﺪﺻرد
ﮏﻤﮐ ﻪﺑ
هدادﻪﯿﺒﺷ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ يﺎﻫﻪﺑ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزﺎﺑ رد رﺎﯿﻋ بﺮﺿ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ،ﯽﺑﺎﯾزﺎﺑ يزﺎﺳﻢﯿﻤﺼﺗ و ﯽﻨﺤﻨﻣ ﻦﯾا ﻢﺳر ياﺮﺑ يﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ناﻮﻨﻋﺪﺷ دﺎﻬﻨﺸﯿﭘ يﺮﯿﮔ
.
ﺪﯿﻠﮐ تﺎﻤﻠﮐي
لﺪﻣﻪﯿﺒﺷ ،ﻦﯿﻤﺨﺗ ،يزﺎﺳﯽﭘا يﻼﻃ ،يزﺎﺳيرﺎﺳ ،لﺎﻣﺮﺗﯽﻧﻮﮔ
1
لﻮﺌﺴﻣ هﺪﻨﺴﯾﻮﻧ
ﺎﯿﻧ ﯽﻤﯿﻬﻓ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ،يﺮﻐﺻا ﺪﯿﻣا ،يرﻮﻧ اﺮﻫز
ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﻪﯾﺮﺸﻧ»نﺪﻌﻣ ﯽﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ«
2
1-ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ
ﯿز رد اا زا هﯿذﯿﯿا رﺎﻣآ
ﺪﺷ حﺮﻄﻣ]1[ . لﺎﺳ رد ا1977 ،ﺪﯾﻮﯾد
1
]2[ ﺤﺗ رد تﺎﻘﯿﻘ
تروﺮﺿ دﻮﺧ هﺮﯿﺧذ ﻦﯿﻤﺨﺗ ﺸﺗ ﻪﺑ ارﺮﮐ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ
شور يرﻮﺌﺗ و ﯽﻠﻤﻋ ﻪﯾﺎ لﺎﺳ رد هﺮﯿﺧذ ﻦﯿﻤﺨﺗ ياﺮﺑ ﺞﯾار يﺎﻫ
1978 ﻂﺳﻮﺗ و ﻞﻧروژ
2
و ﺖﺧﺮﺑﻮﻫ
3
]3[ .ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻬﻧ ﻨﺑ ﻪﺘﺴﻫ
ﻠﺻا زرا ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣﺑﺎ ﺧذﯿ،هﺮ ﻌﺗﯿﯿ و ژﯿرﺎ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ رﺎﺴﻧﺎﮐ
زﺎﺑﺑﺎ ﮏﻤﮐ ﻪ ﻧﺪﻌﻣ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺖﺳا ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳ لﺪﻣ .
كﻮﻠﺑ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ هﺮﯿﺧذ زا هﺪﺷ ﻮﺗ نآ دﻌﺑا ﻪﮐ ا ﯽﯾ
هداد ﻠﺻﺎﻓيﺎﻫ ﯽﻣ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻈﻧرد دﻮﺟﻮﻣ.دﻮﺷ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ راﺪﻘﻣﺎﻫي
رد هﺪﺷ ﺖﺷادﺮﺑ ﺧذ ﻢﺠﺣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ،هژوﺮﭘﯿهﺮ ﺴﺑﯿرﺎ
اﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ .ﺖﺳا ﮏﭼﻮﮐ ﺎﺑﺖﺴ ﯿرﺎ ﺎﺳ و رد ار ﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ
ﻃﺎﻘﻧ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﮐرادﺮﺑي دروآﺮﺑ ،ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮕﻧ ترﻮﺻدﺮﮐﻤﺨﺗ .ﯿ رد
ا رد طﯿﯿتاﺮ ﭘ وﯿﯿﮔﺪﺎﻫي ﻣزﯿ-
ﺳﺎﻨ ﻣاي ﻧ هدﺎﺳﯿﺖﺴ ]4[.
در شورﺎﻫي ﻦﯿﻤﺨﺗ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﮏﯾدﺰﻧ ﻪﮐ راﺪﻘﻣ راﺪﻘﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ
ﯽﻠﺻاﺖﺳا اﺮﺑي ﻤﺨ كﻮﻠﺑ ﺮﻫﯿ هدزﯽﻣد رﺎﮐ ﻦﯾا و
شور ﮏﻤﮐﻦﯿﻣز ﺞﯾار يﺎﻫشور ﺎﯾ ﮓﻨﯿﺠﯾﺮﮐ ﻞﺜﻣ يرﺎﻣآ يﺎﻫ
ﻦﯿﻣزﺮﯿﻏﯽﻣ ترﻮﺻ يرﺎﻣآ طﺎﻘﻧ ﻦﯿﻤﺨﺗ ياﺮﺑ شور ﻦﯾا رد .دﺮﯿﮔ
هداد ﯽﻄﺧ ﺐﯿﮐﺮﺗ زا ﺪﯾﺪﺟﯽﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا دﻮﺟﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ ﻪﮐ دﻮﺷ
يزﺎﺳراﻮﻤﻫ ﺮﺛا نآ ﯽﻠﺻا ﻞﮑﺸﻣ
4
ﯽﺑﺎﯿﺘﺳد ياﺮﺑ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ .ﺖﺳا
ارﯿ هو ا مز
.دﻮﺷ ﻪﺘﺧادﺮﭘ ﺰﯿﻧ ﺖﯿﻌﻄﻗ مﺪﻋ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا ﻪﺑ ،ﻊﯾزﻮﺗ
ﻪﯿﺒﺷ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ لﺪﻣ ﯽﮐﻮﻠﺑ لﺪﻣ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا نﺎﻤﻫ يزﺎﺳ
ﯽﻣ ﻢﻫاﺮﻓ ار ﻦﯿﻤﺨﺗ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣمﺪﻋ زا ﯽﻟﺪﻣ ﺎﻣا ﺪﻨ ﺰﯿﻧ ﺖﯿﻌﻄﻗ
ﯽﻣ ﻪﺋاراﻪﯿﺒﺷ .ﺪﻫدﺮﮔﻮﺘﺴﯿﻫ و ماﺮﮔﻮﯾراو ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗزﺎﺑ ﺎﺑ يزﺎﺳ ما
هداد ﺪﯿﻮﺗ ﻖﻘ ﻦﯾﺪﻨﭼ ،ﯽا يﺎ،ﺪﻨﮐ هداد زا جرﺎﺧ يﺎﻫ
و هد ار درشور رد ه ح ي يﺎﻫ
شور ﻦﯾا .ﺪﻧراﺪﻧ ار ﻦﯿﻤﺨﺗﺒﺷ ﮏﻤﮐ ﻪﺑﯿزﺎﺳي كﻮﻠﺑ ﺮﻫ ياﺮﺑ
ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ﻦﮑﻤﻣ راﺪﻘﻣ ﻦﯾﺪﻨﭼ ،ﺺﺨﺸﻣ راﺪﻘﻣ ﮏﯾ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ يﺎﺟ ﻪﺑ
ﯽﻣنﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﮐ دﻮﺷﯽﻣ ﺰﯿﻧ ﺖﯿﻌﻄﻗ مﺪﻋ ﺢﻄﺳ هﺪﻨﻫد .ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ
شور زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳاﻪﯿﺒﺷ يﺎﻫ نﻮﭽﻤﻫ ﯽﻧﺪﻌﻣ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ رد يزﺎﺳ
ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﮏﺴﯾر ﺰﯿﻟﺎﻧآ ﺮﯾﺎﺧذ يﺪﻨﺑ]5[ ، مﺪﻋ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا
نﺎﮑﻣا ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ رد ﯽﻧﺪﻌﻣ ﺮﯾﺎﺧذ ﺖﯿﻌﻄﻗ هژوﺮﭘ ﯽﺠﻨﺳ ]6[ ،
ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ ﻪﻨﯿﻬﺑ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ و ﺎﻫ هﺮﯿﻏ ﺖﺳا ﺞﯾار]4،7[.
1-1- يژرﻮﻟﺎﺘﻣﻮﺋژ
ﻬﺑﯿﻪﻨزﺎﺳي ﺣاﺮﻃ نﺪﻌﻣﻪﺑ ﻪﻨﯿﻤﮐ رﻮﻈﻨﻣﺰﻫ ندﺮﮐﻪﻨ و
ﯿﯿﻪﻨ اﺰﻣ ندﻮﻤﻧ زﺎﺑ)ﺑﺎ(، لﺪﻣ ﮏﻤﻪﺑﺎﻫي ﻣزﯿرﺎﻣآي و
هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا زا نآاﺮﺑ ﺎﻫي ژرﻮﻟﺎﺘﻣﻮﺋژ فاﺪﻫا ترﻮﺻﯿدﺮ ]8[ .
ﻪﺑ يژرﻮﻟﺎﺘﻣﻮﺋژ ﻢﻠﻋ رد ﻪﺑ ،نﺪﻌﻣ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ رد يﺪﯾﺪﺟ ﺶﺨﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ
لﺪﻣﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ يزﺎﺳ ﮏﻤﮐ ﻪﺑ ﯽﮑﯾژرﻮﻟﺎﺘﻣ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ يﺎﻫ
شورﻪﯿﺒﺷ و ﻦﯿﻤﺨﺗ ﺎﯾ و ﮏﯿﺳﻼﮐ يرﺎﻣآ يﺎﻫﻦﯿﻣز يزﺎﺳ يرﺎﻣآ
ﯽﻣ ﻪﺘﺧادﺮدﻮﺷ ]4،9[ . نﻮﭼ ﯽﺻاﻮﺧ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﻦﯾا
و ﯽﺑﺎﯾزﺎﺑ ،ﺶﯾادﺮﺧ ﺖﯿﻠﺑﺎﻗ ،ﯽﺘﺨﺳ هﺮﯿﻏ نﻮﻨﮐﺎﺗ و ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ
لﺪﻣ ياﺮﺑ يرﺎﯿﺴﺑ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣنآ يزﺎﺳﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا ﺎﻫﻪﺑ .-
لﺎﺳ رد لﺎﺜﻣ ناﻮﻨﻋ2013 تروﺰﯾﻮﺑ
5
ﮏﻤﮐ ﻪﺑ نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و
هدادلﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﯽﮑﯾژﻮﻟاﺮﻨﯿﻣ يﺎﻫ يزﺎﺳ6 ﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﯽﮑﯾژرﻮﻟﺎﺘﻣﻮﺋژ
.ﺪﻨﺘﺧادﺮﭘ ﺮﺘﯿﻠﭽﯿﻟ
6
هداد ﻪﺑ ﯿ ﻼﻃ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ
شور زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣﮏﯿﺷ و نﺎﺘﻠﻏ يﺮﻄﺑ يﺎﻫ يﻼﻃ نﺪﻌﻣ ياﺮﺑ ،ﭻﯿﻟ
ازﻮﻠﮐﻻ
7
ﺖﺧﺎﺳ]9[ . لﺎﺳ رد2014 يﺮﻐﺻا و ﯽﻨﯿﺴﺣ ﺰﯿﻧ
لﺪﻣ ار نﻮﮕﻧﻮﺳ يﺮﯿﻓرﻮﺲﻣ نﺪﻌﻣ ﺲﻣ ﺪﯿﺴﮐا و ﺲﻣ يزﺎﺳ
ﻪﺑ دﺎﻬﻨﺸﯿﭘ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا يﺎﻫﺰﯿﻟﺎﻧآ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﺷور ناﻮﻨﻋﺪﻧدﺮﮐ
]10[ . لﺎﺳ رد2016 ﭻﯾود
8
نﺪﻌﻣ ﺶﯾادﺮﺧ ﺲﯾﺪﻧا نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و
ﺲﻣ- لﺪﻣ ار ﯽﺑﻮﻨﺟ ﺎﮑﯾﺮﻣآ رد نﺪﺒﯿﻟﻮدﺮﮐ ﺪﻧ]11[. ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ
لﺎﺳ رد2020 سﻮﻟاوآ
9
كارﻮﺧ ﯽﺘﺨﺳ زا ﯽﻟﺪﻣ نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و
ﺎﯿﺳآ ﻞﺧادSAG شور ﮏﻤﮐ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ ﯿﻬﺗ ﻖﯿﻤﻋ يﺮﯿﮔدﺎﯾ
]12[
لﺪﻣيزﺎﺳﻪﺑ ﯽﮑﯾژرﻮﻟﺎﺘﻣﻮﺋژ يﺎﻫ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ كرد رﻮﻈﻨﻣ
نﺪﻌﻣ ﯽﯾاﺮﺟا و يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ياﺮﺑ هﺮﯿﺧذ .ﺖﺳا يرﺎﮐ
نﺪﺷ ﻖﯿﻗر ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ و ﻦﯿﻤﺨﺗ ﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ
10
ﯽﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺳﻮﯿﭘ ﺖﺴﯾﺎﺑ
ﯾﺪﺟ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ار زﺎﯿﻧ ﻦﯾا ﺪﻧاﻮﺘﺑ ﻪﮐ ﯽﻟﺪﻣ .ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﯽﻧﺎﺳر زور ﻪﺑ
نﺎﻤﻫ .دراد مﺎﻧ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزﺎﺑ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ لﺪﻣ ،ﺪﻨﮐ دروآﺮﺑﺶﯿﭘ ﻪﮐ رﻮﻃ ﺰﯿﻧ ﺮﺗ
لﺪﻣ ﻠﺻا فﺪﻫ ،ﺪنﺎﯿﺶﯿﭘ ﯾﺎﺧذ يزﺎﺳ رﺎﯿﻋ و ژﺎﻨﺗ ﯽﻨﯿﺑ
هزﺎﺑ رد ﯽﺑﺎﯾزﺎﺑ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ هﺮﯿﺧذ تﺎﯿﻠﻤﻋ رد ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﯽﻧﺎﻣز يﺎﻫ
نﺪﻌﻣ رد .ﺖﺳا ﻆﯿﻠﻐﺗ ﻪﻧﺎﺧرﺎﮐ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ و يرﺎﮐلﺪﻣ يزﺎﺳ
رﺎﯿﻋ ﻪﮐ يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا رﺎﺴﻧﺎﮐ ژﺎﻨﺗ و رﺎﯿﻋ ،ﯽﺑﺎﯾزﺎﺑ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ هﺮﯿﺧذ نآ
ﯽﻣ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ﺖﺳا ﻪﻧﺎﺘﺳآ زا ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﺪﯾد ﻦﺘﺷاد ياﺮﺑ ﺎﻣا .دﻮﺷ
ﯽﻣ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ تﺎﯿﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا يﺮﮕﯾد تﺎﻀﺣﻼﻣ ناﻮﺗ
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد ﺰﯿﻧ ار ﯽﮑﯿﻧﺎﮑﻣﻮﺋژ و ﯽﮑﯾژرﻮﻟﺎﺘﻣﻮﺋژ]4[.
نﺪ زا ﻞﺻ ﺪﻣآرد ناﺰﯿ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﺢﺿاو زا ﯽﻌﺑﺎﺗ ،يرﺎﮐ
ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ و لﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺖﻤﯿﻗ ،ﯽﺑﺎﯾزﺎﺑ رد رﺎﯿﻋ بﺮﺿ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ
ﻪﻨﯾﺰﻫنﺪﻌﻣ ﻞﺜﻣ ﯽﺗﺎﯿﻠﻤﻋ يﺎﻫﻪﻨﯾﺰﻫ و يژرﻮﻟﺎﺘﻣ يرﺎﮐ يﺎﻫ
دﻮﺑ ﺪﻫاﻮﺧ يرادا و ﯽﻣﻮﻤ ﻪﻄﺑار) .1 (
)1(
ارا ردR نﺎﺸﻧ ،ﺪﻣآرد هﺪﻨﻫدP ،لﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺖﻤﯿﻗr
و ﯽﺑﺎﯾزﺎﺑG ﺖﺳا رﺎﯿﻋ ]4[ . هوﻼﻋ ﯽﮑﯾژرﻮﻟﺎﺘﻣﻮﺋژ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا
ﯽﻠﻌﻓ ﺺﻟﺎﺧ شزرا ندﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﻨﯿﻬﺑ ﺮﺑ
11
)NPV(، ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺎﺑ
ﺗ ،رﺎﺴﻧﺎﮐ يﺮﯾﺬﭘﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺮﯿﺛ و رﺎﺴﻧﺎﮐ ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﺮﺑ ﯽﻬﺟﻮﺗ
يرﺎﺳ يﻼﻃ رﺎﺴﻧﺎﮐ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزﺎﺑ و رﺎﯿﻋ يزﺎﺴﻟﺪﻣﯽﻧﻮﮔ ...
ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﻪﯾﺮﺸﻧ»نﺪﻌﻣ ﯽﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ«
3
و ﻪﻨﯾﺰﻫ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫدراد ﮏﺴﯾر دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﺎﺑ يژرﻮﻟﺎﺘﻣﻮﺋژ .
ﻪﺒﻨﺟ زا يروآﺮﻓ و جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ ﯽﻣﺎﻤﺗ ،ﯽﮑﯿﻨﮑﺗ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﺖﺴﯾز ﯽﻄﯿﺤ راﺪﯾﺎﭘ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﯾﺎﺷ ﮏﻤﮐ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا وﯽﻣﺪﻨﮐ
]13[.
ا رد اﺮﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣي ﻣ دروآﺮﺑﯿناﺰ ﻨﺗﺧذ ژﺎﯿهﺮ ﺮﺑ هوﻼﻋ
هدادﺎﻫي ﯿرﺎ هداد زا ،ﻼﻃﺎﻫي زﺎﺑﺑﺎ شور ﻪﺑ ﻼﻃ
ﯿﺳارﻮﻧﺎﯿنﻮ ﯿ ﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳاﯿناﺰ زﺎﺑ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ژﺎﻨﺗﺑﺎ ﺧذﯿهﺮ
ژﻮﻟﻮﻨﮑﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑي شور وﺎﻫي ﻠﻌﻓ نﺎﺸﻧ ارﺪﻫد .
2-1- ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻦﯿﻣز
ﯽﭘا هﺮﯿﺧذيرﺎﺳ لﺎﻣﺮﺗرﻮﺸﮐ ﯽﺑﺮﻏ لﺎﻤﺷ رد ﯽﻧﻮﮔ، رد
ﺳدﺮﮐ نﺎﺘﺳا و ن60 ناﺪﻤﻫ بﺮﻏ لﺎﻤﺷ يﺮﺘﻣﻮﻠﯿﮐ يور
بﺎﮑﺗ ﺪﻨﺑﺮﻤﮐﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻊﻗاو ﻪﺑ و رﺎﺴﻧﺎﮐ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﮔرﺰﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ
ﯽﭘاﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ،رﻮﺸﮐ لﺎﻣﺮﺗ ﻞﮑﺷ)1( ]14،15[. ﻦﯾا
رد هﺮﯿﺧذ ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻠﻗ ﻪﻤﯿﻧ ﺲﮑﻠﭙﻤﮐ ﮏﯾﻻﺎﺑ ﻢﯿﺳﺎﺘﭘيذﻮﻔﻧ ي-
ﯽﻧﺎﺸﻔﺸﺗآ ﻪﮐ ﻦﺳﻮﯿﻣ نارود ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ،ﺖﺳا ﯽﻧﺎﯿﻣ دراد راﺮﻗ
ﻞﮑﺷ)2( ]15،16[، ﯽﻧﺎﮐ فﺎﺸﺘﮐا زا ﺶﯿﻼﻃ يزﺎﺳ، رد ﻦﯾا
ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﯽﺗﺎﻓﺎﺸﺘﮐاو ناﻮﻤﯿﺘﻧآ يزﺎﺳ ﯽﻧﺎﮐ ياﺮﺑ آ ترﻮﺻ ﮏﯿﻨﺳر
لﺎ رد .دﻮﺑ ﻓﺮ1999 ﯽﻧﺎﮐ ﻞﯿﺴﻧﺎﺘﭘ ﺺﯿﺨﺸﺗ ﻼﻃ يزﺎﺳ
هزاا ﻪﺑ ﯽﺘ رد ﮏﯿﯿ و ﮏﯿﻟژرآ ﯽﻧﺳﺮد .ﺪ هداد16
ﻪﮔر فاﺮﻃا رد ﻊﺑﺮﻣ ﺮﺘﻣﻮﻠﯿﮐيﺎﻫ ﯽﻧﺎﮐيزﺎﺳ ناﻮﻤﯿﺘﻧآ-ﮏﯿﻨﺳرآ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ و ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾﯽﻧﺎﮐ ﺎﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﺘﻣ يرادﺮﺑيزﺎﺳﯽﭘا يﺎﻫ لﺎﻣﺮﺗ
ﻼﻃ زا ﯽﯾﻻﺎﺑ رﺎﯿﻋ ﻪﮐ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻداد نﺎﺸﻧ]14[.
ﻞﮑﺷ1 - ﻣز ﻪﺸﻘﻧﯿ ﺳﺎﻨﺷ ا،ناﺮ ا رد رﺎﺴﻧﺎﮐ ﻞﺤﻣ ﻪﺸﻘﻧ
رﺎﺳيﻧﻮﮔ ﺧﺮﺑ و ﺎﻫرﺎﺴﻧﺎﮐي ﻤﻫاﺮﭘﯿ دﺮﮕ ﯿ هﺪﺷ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ
ﺖﺳا ]14[.
ﯽﻧﺎﮐ نﺎﺑﺰﯿﻣ ﮓﻨﺳ ا رد يز ﯽﻔﯿﻃ زا ﺖﯿﺳاد
يﺮﯿﻓرﻮﭘﺖﺳا ﺴﮑﻠﭙﻤﮐ هدﻮﺗاي ود ﺎﺑ هﻮﮐ
ﻧﺎﺸﻔﺸﺗآ رﺎﺳيﻧﻮﮔ ﻞﮑﺷ) ﺖﺳا غاد قآ و2.( ،ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻦﯾا رد
ﺖﯿﺳاد ،يﺮﯿﻓرﻮﭘ ﺖﯿﺗﻻ ،يﺮﯿﻓرﻮﭘ ﺖﯾزﺪﻧآ ﯽﮕﻨﺳ يﺎﻫﺪﺣاو
شﺮﺑ ،يﺮﯿﻓرﻮﭘفﻮﺗ ،مﺮﺗﺎﯾد يﺎﻫشﺮﺑ و ﺎﻫ لﺎﻣﺮﺗورﺪﯿﻫ يﺎﻫ
ﺰﺗراﻮﮐ-ﻪﺑ ﻦﯿﻟﺎﻣرﻮﺗيرﺎﻔﺣ ياﺮﺑ فﺪﻫ ناﻮﻨﻋ رد ﻪﺸﻘﻧ ﯿﻬﺗ و
ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧهاﺸﻨﻣ .ﺪ ﯽﻧﺎﮐ ﯽﻠﺻايرﺎﺳ رد يزﺎﺳ ﯽﻧﻮﮔ
نﺎﮑﻣ رد رﺎﺸﻓ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا لﺎﻣﺮﺗورﺪﯿﻫ ﯽﻧﺎﯾﺮﺟ ﻪﮐ ﯽﯾﺎﻫ
ﯽﮕﻨﺳ تﺎﻘﺒﻃ ﺖﻤﺳ ﻪﺑ هدﻮﺑ ﻻﺎﺑ نﺎﺑﺰﯿﻣ ﮓﻨﺳ يﺮﯾﺬﭘذﻮﻔﻧ
ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ .ﺖﺳا هدﺮﮐ ﺖﮐﺮﺣ ﻪﯿﻟوا ﮏﯿﻧﺎﮑﻟولﺎﻣﺮﺗورﺪﯿﻫ ﻪﯿﻟوا يﺎﻫ،
ﻪﮔرﺰﺗراﻮﮐ يﺮﯿﻓرﻮﭘ ﻪﺒﺷ يﺎﻫ-ﻮﺳﺪﯿﻔﻟ- نﻮﯿﺳاﺮﺘﻟآ و ﺖﯿﺘﻨﮕﻣ
ﺴﻗ ا رد ﻃ رﺎﯿﻋ ﻟو ا هدروآ دﺟو ار ﯿﺳﺎ
زا ﺮﺘﻤﮐppm 5/0 ﻪﮔر .ﺖﺳاﺰﺗراﻮﮐ ﯽﺷﺮﺑ يﺎﻫ- ﻪﮐ ﻦﯿﻟﺎﻣرﻮﺗ
ﯽﻣ ﯽﺘﯿﺴﯾﺮﺳ نﻮﯿﺳاﺮﺘﻟآ ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﯽﻤﮐ راﺪﻘﻣ يوﺎﺣ ﺰﯿﻧ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ
ﻪﺑ ﯽﻟو ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻼﻃنﺎﯾﺮﺟ رﻮﺒﻋ ياﺮﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ يﺮﺘﺴﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ يﺎﻫ
هدﻮﺑ لﺎﻣﺮﺗورﺪﯿﻫﻢﻬﻣ ﺎﻣا .ﺪﻧا رد
ﻪﮔر يﺎﻫﺰﻧژارﺎﭘﺰﺗراﻮﮐ يﺎﻫ-ﺖﯾﺮﯿﭘ-ﺖﯿﻨﺒﯿﺘﺳا-رﺎﮕﻟار- ﻪﺑ ﺖﻨﻤﯿﭘرا
ﺖﺳا هدﺎﺘﻓا قﺎﻔﺗا ﮏﯿﻨﺳرآ هاﺮﻤﻫ]14[.
ﻞﮑﺷ2- ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻦﯿﻣز ﮥﺸﻘﻧيرﺎﺳ يغاد قآ و ﯽﻧﻮﮔ ]15[.
3-1- ﻪﻨﻣاديﺪﻨﺑ
ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻦﯾاﺑ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا فاﺪﻫا زا ﯽﮑﯾ ﻪﮐ ندروآ ﺖﺳد
،ﺖا ﻼﻃ ﯽﺑزﺎﺑ ﻦﺘ ﺮﻈ رد ﺎﺑ هﺮﯿذ ناﯿﯽﻣ رد ﺖﺴﯾﺎﺑ
اﺪﺘﺑاﻪﻨﻣاد ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤو ﯽﺑﺎﯾزﺎﺑ يﻮﮕﻟاﯽﮑﯾژرﻮﻟﺎﺘﻣ يﺎﻫ و ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ
ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺪﻧﻮﺷ. ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻼﻃاهداد رد دﻮﺟﻮﻣ تﺎﻋ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ يﺎﻫ
ز تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ و ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ يرﺎﻔﺣ يﻼﻃ ،ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻦﯿﻣ
يرﺎﺳ نﺪﻌﻣﯽﻧﻮ ﻪﻧادﺰﯾر رد وﻖﻤ ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣﯽﻧﺎﮐ يﺎﻫ
ﺮﻫ و ﺖﺳا يﺪﯿﻔﻟﻮﺳد ﯿز و
هﺪﺷ هﺪﯿﺴﮐا ،ﯽﻣﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﻞﮑﺷ)3.( ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮ يﻼﻃ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزﺎﺑ
ﺎﯿﻧ ﯽﻤﯿﻬﻓ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ،يﺮﻐﺻا ﺪﯿﻣا ،يرﻮﻧ اﺮﻫز
ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﻪﯾﺮﺸﻧ»نﺪﻌﻣ ﯽﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ«
4
ﯽﻧﺎﮐﮐا يﺎﻫور ﮏﻤﮐ ﻪﺑ هﺪﯿﺴشارﻮﻧﺎﯿﺳ هدﺎﺳ يﺎﻫ نﻮﯿﺳ بﻮﻠﻄﻣ
ير رد هد عﻮﻧ زا هﺪﯿﻔﻟﻮ موﺎﻘﻣ بﺎﺴﺣ ﻪﺑ
ﯽﻣﺪﻨﯾآ ﻼﻃ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزﺎﺑ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻦﯾا ﻪﺑ . نﻮﯿﺳارﻮﻧﺎﯿﺳ رد
ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣ زا ،90 دﻮﺑ ﺪﻫاﻮﺧ ﺪﺻرد]16[ . ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ ﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ
ﯽﻣ ،هﺪﺷ حﺮﻄﻣ و رﺎﯿﻋ) فﺪﻫ يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ندﺮﮐ لﺪﻣ ﺖﺴﯾﺎﺑ
ﻪﻧﺎﮔاﺪﺟ ﻞﮑﺷ ﻪﺑ نوز ﺮﻫ رد (ﯽﺑﺎﯾزﺎﺑ دﺮﯿﮔ ترﻮﺻ .
2- رﺎﮐ شور
ﯿﺴﮐا و هﺪﯿﻔﻟﻮﺳ ﺶﺨﺑ ندﺮﮐ اﺪﺟ ياﺮﺑ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا رد هﺪ ﺎﺑ
هداد ندﻮﺑ ﻪﺘﺴﺴﮔ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗشور زا ﺎﻫ ﮓﻨﯿﺠﯾﺮﮐ ﻦﯿﻤﺨﺗ يﺎﻫ
) ﺺﺧﺎﺷIKﻪﯿﺒﺷ و () ﯽﻟاﻮﺘﻣ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ يزﺎﺳSIS (.ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا
ﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ،ﯽﮐﻮﻠﺑ لﺪﻣ رد ﺶﺨﺑ ﺮﻫ ﻢﻬﺳ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ زا ﺲﭘ و رﺎﯿﻋ يﺎﻫﺮ
ﻪﯿﺒﺷ شور ﻪﺑ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزﺎﺑﯽﺳﻮﮔ ﯽﻟاﻮﺘﻣ يزﺎﺳ .ﺪﻧﺪﺷ دروآﺮﺑ
1-2-ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﮓﻨﯿﺠﯾﺮﮐ
ﮓﻨﯿﺠﯾﺮﮐﻦﯿﻣز ردﺷور رﺎﻣآنورد ياﺮﺑ ﯽﯿ و
ﺖﺳاﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ناﻮﻨﻋﺮﮕﻨﯿﻤﺨﺗ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﯽﻄﺧ ﺐﯾراﺎﻧ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ
ﯽﻣدﻮﺷ ]17[ .ﻪﯿوا ضﺮ ﻪﮐ نآ ﺖﻠ ﻪﺑ ﺺﺧ ﮓﻨﯿﯾﺮ يا
ﯽﻤﻧ ﻈﻧ رد نآ ف ﻊﻗاو رد .ا يﺘﻣار ﯽﻨﯿﺨﺗ دﯿ
ﮑﻠﺑ ﺖﺴﯿﻧ ﻊﯾزﻮﺗ ﮏﯾ يﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﻦﯿﻤﺨﺗ دﻮﺧ ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻦﯿﻤﺨﺗ ﻪ
ﻊﯾزﻮﺗﺖﺳا ]18[ .ا اﺮﺑ شوري زاﯿ هداد ﺮﺛا ندﺮﺑﺎﻫي
ﯿ زدﺎ و ﯿ ﻣ ﻢﮐﺖﺳا ﺮﺛ.
ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ لﺎﺜﻣ ياﺮﺑZ(u) ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧود ﻞﯾ ﮏﯾ ﻂﺳ
) ﻪﻄﺑار1ﯽﻣ ﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗ (: دﻮﺷ
)2(
ردﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ،ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﮓﻨﯿﺠﯾﺮﮐ ﻪﺘﺳﻮﯿﭘ z ﻒﯾﺮﻌﮏﻤﮐ ﻪﺑK
ﻪﻧﺎﺘﺳآ )K=1,2,3,….( رد ﻪﺘﺴﺴﮔ ﻞﮑﺷ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻣﺪﯾآ ﻊﯾزﻮﺗ ﻊﺑﺎﺗ .
ﯽﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﯽﻌﻤﺠﺗn ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ هﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد ﻪﯿﻟوا ﻊﯾزﻮﺗ ناﻮﻨﻋ
) ﻪﻄﺑار ﻖﺒﻃ ﺮﺑاﺮ نازوا ﺎﺑ ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺎﺑ و2( ﺖﺳد
ﯽﻣ.ﺪﯾآ
)3(
نﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﻄﺑار ﻦﯾاﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ هﺪﻨﻫد يﺎﻫ زا ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﻪﮐ
ﻪﻧﺎﺘﺳآ ﯽﻣ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫﺪﺷﺎﺑ ]4[.
2-2-ﻪﯿﺒﺷ ﯽﺳﻮﮔ ﯽﻟاﻮﺘﻣ يزﺎﺳ
ﻪﯿﺒﺷ ﮏﻤﮐ ﻪﺑﻖﻘﺤﺗ ﯽﻟاﻮﺘﻣ يزﺎﺳﺪﻣ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﯽﯾﺎﻫياﺮﺑ ل
هداد دﺎﺠﯾا يدورو يﺎﻫﯽﻣ.دﻮ ﺖﯿﻫﺎﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑهداد يﺎﻫ
ﯽﻣ ﻪﮐ يدوروﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺴﺴﮔ ﺎﯾ و ﻪﺘﺳﻮﯿﭘ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ، ﻪﯿﺒﺷ زا يزﺎﺳ
،ﯽﺳﻮﮔ ﯽﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺎﯾ و ﺺﺧﺎﺷ دﻮﺷ]17،19[.
شور ﻪﯿﺒﺷيزﺎﺳ ﯽﺳﻮﮔ ﯽﻟاﻮﺘﻣ ﻪﮐ ﯾﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ياﺮﺑ
نآ ﯽﮕﺘﺳﻮﯿﭘ دراد دﺮﺑرﺎﮐ ﺖﺳا ﺖﯿﻤﻫا ﺰﺋﺎﺣ ﺎﻫ]19،20[ . ﻦﯾا رد
شور ،ﯽﻤﺠﺗ ﻊﯾزﻮ ﻊﺑﺎ ﻢﺳر و ﺮﻈﻧ درﻮﻣ ﻪﻨﻣاد ﻦﯿﯿﻌ زا ﺲﭘ
هدادا مز ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ) دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا لﺎﻣﺮﻧ ﻞﮑﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ0 و
ﺲﻧﺎﯾراو1.ﺪﻨﯾآرد ( ﻪﯿﺒﺷ ياﺮﺑيﻮﻀﯿﺑ اﺪﺘﺑا يزﺎﺳ ﻮﺟ و ﺖﺴ
د ﻦﺘﻓﺎﯾ ياﺮﺑهدا.دﻮﺷ ﯽﻣ ﻢﯿﺳﺮﺗ ﯽﻃﺮﺷ يﺎﻫ ﺲﭙﺳ ﮏﻤﮐ ﻪﺑ
هداد ماﺮﮔﻮﯾراو لﺪﻣ و هدﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﯿﺠﯾﺮﻦﯿﻤﺨﺗلﺎﻣﺮﻧ يﺎﻫ، ﻊﺑﺎﺗ
ﻞﺤﻣ رد ﯽﻌﻤﺠﺗ ﻊﯾزﻮﺗu دﯽﻣ ﺖﺳ ﮏﻤﮐ ﻪﺑ ﺖﯾﺎﻬﻧ رد .ﺪﯾآ
ﻪﯿﺒﺷﻮﻟرﺎﮐ ﺖﻧﻮﻣ يزﺎﺳ، ﺪﻘﻣ ﮏﯾ را
ﺠﺗ ﻊﯾزﻮﺗ ﯽﻌﻤﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﻄﻘﻧ ﺮﻫ ﻪﺑ هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳدﯽﻣ هداد .دﻮﺷ
ﺖﺳد ياﺮﺑ طﺎﻘﻧ ﯽﻣﺎﻤﺗ رد ﻞﻤﻋ ﻦﯾا ﺖﯾﺎﻬﻧرد ﻖﻘﺤﺗ ﮏﯾ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺑﺎﯾ
ﯽﻣ مﺎﺠﻧادﺮﯿﮔ ]21[ .ﻪﯿﺒﺷ ﻦﯾا ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ تر ا ار يز
ﯽﻣ ﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗﺪﻧﻮﺷ]20-18[:
1- ﻧ درﻮﻣ ﻪﻨﻣاد ﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗهداد ﻊﯾزﻮﺗ ندﺮﮐ لﺎﻣﺮﻧ و ﺮﻈﺎﻫ؛
2- هداد ﯽﻓاﺮﮔﻮﯾراوهﺪﺷ لﺎﻣﺮﻧ يﺎﻫ ﻮﺟ و ﺖﺴﺟ ﯽﻀﯿﺑ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ و؛
3- طﺎﻘﻧ مﺎﻤﺗ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﻓدﺎﺼﺗ ﺮﯿﺴﻣ ﮏﯾ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ؛
4- ﻦﯿﻤﺨﺗهدﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﯿﺠﯾﺮﮐ ﻪﻄﻘﻧ ﺮﻫ ردزر ،
ﯽﻌﻤﺠﺗ؛ ﻪﯿﺒﺷ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا وياﺮﺑ ﻮﻟرﺎﮐ ﺖﻧﻮﻣ يزﺎﺳ ﺖﺳد
د ﺺﺨﺸﻣ راﺪﻘﻣ ﮏﯾ ندروآ؛ﻪﻄﻘﻧ ر
5- طﺎﻘﻧ ﯽﻣﺎﻤﺗ رد ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ راﺮﮑ؛
6- هداد نﺪﻧادﺮﮔزﺎﺑﻪﯿﻟوا ﻊﯾزﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ لﺎﻣﺮﻧ ﻞﮑﺷ زا ﺎﻫ.
3-2- ﻪﯿﺒﺷﯽﻟاﻮﺘﻣ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ يزﺎﺳ
SIS ﻪﯿﺒﺷ ﺎﯾﺺﺧﺎﺷ يزﺎﺳ ﯽﻟاﻮﺘﻣ ﯽﯾﺎﻀﻓ يزﺎﺴﻟﺪﻣ ياﺮﺑ
هدادﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﺴﺴﮔ يﺎﻫﯽﻣ رﺎﮐ ﻪﻨاد ﮏﯾ رد ﺮﮔا لﺎ يا ورK
رﺎﮔزﺎﺳﺎﻧ سﻼﮐ ﻪﺘﺷاد ﻞﺤﻣ ﺮﻫ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻦﯾا ﻪﺑ ﻢﯿﺷﺎﺑu
راﺪﻘﻣ ﮏﯾ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ و ﮏﯾK ﯽﻣ صﺎﺼﺘﺧا دﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ار.ﺪﻫد
دﻮﺟو ياﺮﺑ ﯽﺼﺧﺎﺷ ﺮﮔا) 1= ( دﻮﺟو مﺪﻋ ﺎﯾ و) 0=
( سﻼﮐ ﺮﻫk ﻪﻄﻘﻧ ﺮﻫ ردu ﻦﯿﻤﺨﺗ ،دﻮﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﯾا هدﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﯿﺠﯾﺮﮐعﻮﻗو لﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﺎﻫ ﻞﺤﻣ نآ رد ار
) ﻪﻄﺑار ﻖﺒﻃ3ﯽﻣ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ (:ﺪﻨﮐ
)4(
ﻪﻄار ا رد س رﻈﺘا درﻣ راK ﺖﺳا زا ﻪﮐ
هداد راﺪﻘﻣ .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ طﺎﺒﻨﺘﺳا ﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺲﻧﺎﯾراﻮﮐ ﻞﺣ ﺎﺑ
اﺮﺑ ي ﯽﻣ ﺖﺳد ﺑار ا رد .آ يﺎﺟ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳا
ﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ زا ﯽﻠﮐ ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ يﺮﺘﻬﺑ هﺪﻨﯾﺎﻤﻧ ﺎﺗ دﻮﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﯽﻠﺤﻣ
ﯽﮕﯾﺎﺴﻤﻫ ياﺮﺑu .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
يرﺎﺳ يﻼﻃ رﺎﺴﻧﺎﮐ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزﺎﺑ و رﺎﯿﻋ يزﺎﺴﻟﺪﻣﯽﻧﻮﮔ ...
ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﻪﯾﺮﺸﻧ»نﺪﻌﻣ ﯽﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ«
5
ﻪﯿﺒﺷهداد ياﺮﺑ ﯽﻟاﻮﺘﻣ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ يزﺎﺳ ﻪﺘﺴﺴﮔ و ﻪﺘﺳﻮﯿﭘ يﺎﻫ
ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣﺖﺳا هداد رد ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﻦﯾا رد توﺎﻔﺗ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ و ،ﻪﺘﺴﺴﮔ يﺎﻫ
ياﺮﺑ ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗK .دراﺪﻧ ﯽﺘﯿﻤﻫا ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ ﻊﯾزﻮﺗ ﻊﺑﺎﺗ ﮏﻤﮐ ﻪﺑ
لﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﮓﻨﯿﺠﯾﺮﮐ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﯽﻌﻤﺠﺗﺎﻫ هزﺎﺑ رد ﯽﯾ[0,1]
ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐK ﺴﻘﺗ ﺶﺨﺑﻪﺑ هﺪﺷ ﻢﯿﯽﻣ ﺖﺳدﻪﯿﺒﺷ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ .ﺪﯾآ يزﺎﺳ
ﻪﻄﻘﻧ رد هﺪﺷu د د اوP - ﻪﮐ
ﺖﺳا لﺎﻣﺮﻧ ﻊﯾزﻮﺗ ياراد- ﯽﻣ راﺮﻗ نآ ردﺖﺳا دﺮﯿﮔ]4[.
1- هداد يراﺬﮔ ﺪﮐنآ عﻮﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ (ﻪﺘﺴﺴﮔ ﺎﯾ ﻪﺘﺳﻮﯿﭘ) ﺎﻫ
ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ مﺎﺠﻧا ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ و ﻪﻧﺎﺘﺳآ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ﮏﻤﮐ ﻪﺑ ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ
ﯽﻣدﻮﺷ؛
2- هداد ﯽﻓاﺮﮔﻮﯾراوﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﺮﻫ يﺎﻫ؛
3- ﺎﺼﺗ ﺮﯿﺴﻣ ﮏﯾ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗطﺎﻘﻧ مﺎﻤﺗ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﻓد؛
4- ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﮓﻨﯿﺠﯾﺮﮐ شور ﻪﺑ ﻪﻄﻘﻧ ﺮﻫ رد ﻦﯿﻤﺨﺗﺑﺎﺗ ﻢﺳر
ﻪﯿﺒﺷ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا و ﯽﻌﻤﺠﺗ ﻊﯾزﻮﺗﺑ ياﺮﺑ ﻮﻟرﺎﮐ ﺖﻧﻮﻣ يزﺎﺳ ﺖﺳد
؛ﻪﻄﻘﻧ رد ﺺﺨﺸﻣ راﺪﻘﻣ ﮏﯾ ندروآ
5- طﺎﻘﻧ ﯽﻣﺎﻤﺗ رد ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ راﺮﮑ؛
6- هداد نﺪﻧادﺮﮔزﺎﺑﻪﯿﻟوا ﻊﯾزﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ لﺎﻣﺮﻧ ﻞﮑﺷ زا ﺎﻫ.
3- ﺤﺑ و ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ
3-1- هداد ﯽﻓﺮﻌﻣدﻮﺟﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ
هداد هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا درﻮﻣ ي ياﺮﺑلﺪﻣيرﺎﺳ رﺎﺴﻧﺎﮐ يزﺎﺳ ﯽﻧﻮﮔ
ﻞﻣﺎﺷ هداد يرﺎﻔﺣ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ يﺎ91 ﯽﻓﺎﺸﺘﮐا ﮥﻧﺎﻤﮔ ﻪﻘﻠﺣ
يرﺎﯿﻋ ﺰﯿﻟﺎﻧآ ،تﺎﺼﺘﺨﻣ ﺎﺑ هاﺮﻤﻫ46 يﺮﺼﻨﻋICP-OES .ﺖﺳا
داﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻞﮐ دﻮﺟﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ28288 ﺖﺳا ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ و
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧيرادﺮﺑ ﺑاﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ1 ا ﺮﺘﻣ.ﺖ داﺪﻌﺗ ﻦﯾا زا ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ 14022
و يﺪﯿﺴﮐا ﺶﺨﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘ11944 و يﺪﯿﻟﻮﺳ نوز ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮ
2322 ﻪﻠﻃﺎﺑ ﺶﺨﺑ رد هدادهﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ هداد ﻪ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ يﺎﻫ
ف زا ا . ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ هداد هاﺮﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ يﺎﻫ
،هﺪﺷ ﺮﮐذ 10439 هداد دﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻼﻃ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزﺎﺑﺖﺳا. لوﺪﺟ رد1
طﻮﺑﺮﻣ تﺎﯿﺋﺰﺟ هداد ﻦﯾا ﻪﺑ.ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﺎﻫ هداد يﺎﻫ
ﯽﺑﺎﯾزﺎﺑﻪﺑ ﮏﻤﮐ نﻮﯿﺳارﻮﻧﺎﯿﺳ شور و زا ﻞﺻﺎ يﺮﻄﺑ ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ
.ﺖﺳا ،نﺎﺘﻠﻏ ﻦﯾا تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ24 يور ﺮﺑ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ100 مﺮﮔ
ﭗﻟﺎﭘ زا هﺎﮕﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ ردOMAC ﺪﻨﻟﺮﯾا رد .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا ﻞﮑﺷ
3 ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ زا ﯽﯾﺎﻤﻧ ار يﯿ و يﯿا نوزﯿ
ﻤﻧﯽﻣ ﺶﯾﺎ .ﺪﻫد
ﻞﮑﺷ3- هداد يﺎﻤﻧ ﺖﻤﺳ)راﺰﻓا مﺮﻧ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ رد هﺪﺷ ﮏﯿﮑﻔﺗ يﺎﻫ
(ﺖﺳا ﻮﺳ نوﺮﺑ ﻞﮑﺷ رد لﺎﻤﺷ
3-2- ﻪﯿﺒﺷ و ﻦﯿﻤﺨﺗهداد ﺺﺧﺎﺷ يزﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ
يﻮﮕﻟا توﺎﻔﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزﺎﺑ نوز رد رﺎﯿﻋ و و ﺪﯿﺴﮐا يﺎﻫ
ﺪﯿﻔﻟﻮﺳ لوﺪﺟ)1(، ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا زﺎﯿﻧ ﺶﺨﺑ ود ﻦﯾا اﺪﺘﺑا ﺮﮕﯾﺪﮑﯾ زا
لﺪﻣ ﺲﭙﺳ و هﺪﺷ اﺪﺟﻪﺑ ﺮﻈﻧ درﻮﻣ يﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ يزﺎﺳ اﺰﺠﻣ رﻮﻃ
دﺮﯿﮔ ترﻮﺻ نوز ﺮﻫ رد ناﺰﯿﻣ .زﺎﺑﺑﺎ ﻼﻃ ﻦﯾا رد هﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ
هدادﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ ﮏﻤﮐ ﻪﺑ ،ﺎﻫ ﯿﯿﮓﻨ ﯿﻧﺎﯿ دﺖﺳا هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳ .
ا ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﻪﺑ شورﯽﯾ ﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ شور اﺮﺑي ﻼﻃ لﺎﺼﺤﺘﺳاي
ﻔﻟﻮﺳﯿي ﺻﺎﺧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑﯿ رﻮﺘﮐﺮﻔري ﻧ نآﯿﺖﺴ رد ﻊﻗاو رد .
ا ﺧذ عﻮﯿهﺮﺎﻫ ﻔﻟﻮﺳ رد ﻼﻃ تارذ نﺪﺷ ﻞﻔﻗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮ ﺎﺑﯿﺎﻫﺪ
ﯿزﺎ ﺎﺗ ﺖﺳاﯿ ﻤﻋ زاﯿتﺎ ﯿﻧﺎرﻮﺳاﯿ،نﻮ شور زاﺎﻫي هدﺎﻣآ-
زﺎﺳي ﺳﺎﺗﻮﻠﻓ ﻞﺜﻣﯿ،نﻮ شور زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳاﺎﻫي اﺪﺟ ﻠﻘﺛ،
ﺴﮐاﯿﺳاﺪﯿنﻮ و رﺎﺸﻓ ﺖﺤﺗ شورﺎﻫي دﺮﮕ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳاﺮﮐد]22-
21[.
لوﺪﺟ1- هداد يرﺎﻣآ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑﺎﻫ
ﻪﻨﻣاد
هﺪﯿﻔﻟﻮﺳ
هﺪﯿﺴﮐا
ﻪﻠﻃﺎﺑ
هداد داﺪﻌﺗ
رﺎﯿﻋ
11854
13090
1354
ﻧﺎﯿﻣرﺎﯿﻋ ﻦﯿﮕ
63/1
40/1
42/0
ﯽﺑﺎﯾزﺎﺑ هداد داﺪﻌﺗ
4866
5439
134
ﯽﺑﺎﯾزﺎﺑ ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ
20/14
70/67
74/22
ﺶﺨﺑ ﺮﻫ ﻢﻬﺳ
45/0
49/0
06/0
ﮏﯿﮑﻔﺗ ياﺮﺑ ،ﻪﻨﻣاد ود لوا مﺎﮔ رد هدادﺎﻫ و هﯿا ي
هﺪﯿﻔﻟﻮﺳ ﺪﮐ ﮏﻤﮐ ﻪﺑﺎﻫي 0 و1 ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ لﺪﻣ ﺲﭙﺳ ،
راوماﺮﮔﻮ ﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻦﯾاهدادﺎﻫي ﻪﺘﺴﺴﮔ ﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳدلوﺪﺟ)1 و
ﻞﮑﺷ4راو لﺪﻣ ﮏﻤﮐ ﻪﺑ .(ماﺮﮔﻮ اﺪﺘﺑاﻤﺨﺗﯿ ﮓﻨﯿﺠﯾﺮﮐ
ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا ﺺﺧﺎﺷ .ا ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑﻪﮑﻨ ﻤﺨﺗ مﺎﻤﺗﯿ هز رد 0
و1 ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ نوز ﺮﻫ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ طﺎﻘﻧ ،ﻪﻧﺎﺘﺳآ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ﺎﺑ
ﺎﯿﻧ ﯽﻤﯿﻬﻓ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ،يﺮﻐﺻا ﺪﯿﻣا ،يرﻮﻧ اﺮﻫز
ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﻪﯾﺮﺸﻧ»نﺪﻌﻣ ﯽﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ«
6
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ شور .ﯿزﺎﺳي ﺳﻮﮔ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ 100
ﮐﻮﻠﺑ لﺪﻣ زا ﻖﻘﺤ و ردﯽﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ا
ﻖﻘﺤﺗﻟﻮﺳ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺎﻫﯿهﺪ و ﺴﮐاﯿهﺪ ﮑﻔﯿ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻞﮑﺷ .5 لﺪﻣ
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﮓﻨﯿﺠﯾﺮﮐ ﮏﻤﮐ ﻪﺑ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﯽﮐﻮﻠﺑ ﻞﮑﺷ و6 ﯽﮐﻮﻠﺑ لﺪﻣ
ﻪﯿﺒﺷ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣﯽﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ار ﺺﺧﺎﺷ يزﺎﺳ.ﺪﻨﻫد
لﺪﻣ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ زا ﺲﭘﺎﻫي هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد هداد ﺎﺑﻧﺎﻤﮔ يﺎﻫﺎﻫ ،
ﺒﺷ شور ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ ﺺﺨﺸﻣﯿزﺎﺳي ﺎﻀﻓ ندﺮﮐ لﺪﻣ رد ﺺﺧﺎﺷ
ﺪﻨﺑزﺮﻣ وي ا ﺮﮐ زا ﺮﺘﻬﺑ نوز ودﯿﮓﻨ هدﺮﮐ ﻞﻤﻋ ﺺﺧ
.ﺖﺳا .ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا رﺎﮐ ﻪﻣادا ياﺮﺑ لﺪﻣ ﻦﯾا ﺖﻠﻋ ﻦﯿﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ
ﻞﮑﺷ4- هداد ﯽﻠﺻا ﺖﻬﺟ ماﺮﮔﻮﯾراوﮏﯾ و ﺮﻔﺻ يﺎﻫ
ﻞﮑﺷ5- لﺪﻣ ﻪﺑﺖﺳد هﺪﻣآ ﻪﺑ شور ﻦﯿﻤﺨﺗ ﮓﻨﯿﺠﯾﺮﮐ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ .
ﺶﺨﺑ ﺑآ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﻣ ﻪﺑ نوز ﺪﯿﺴﮐا و ﺶﺨﺑ ﺰﻣﺮﻗ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻪﺑ نوز ﺪﯿﻔﻟﻮﺳ
ﺖﺳا .
ﻞﮑﺷ6- لﺪﻣe-type ﻪﯿﺒﺷ شور ﻪﺑ هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ .ﺺﺧﺎﺷ يزﺎﺳ
ﺪﯿﻔﻟﻮﺳ نوز ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺰﻣﺮﻗ ﺶﺨﺑ و ﺪﯿﺴﮐا نوز ﻪﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﻣ ﯽﺑآ ﺶﺨﺑ
ﺖﺳا.
يرﺎﺳ يﻼﻃ رﺎﺴﻧﺎﮐ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزﺎﺑ و رﺎﯿﻋ يزﺎﺴﻟﺪﻣﯽﻧﻮﮔ ...
ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﻪﯾﺮﺸﻧ»نﺪﻌﻣ ﯽﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ«
7
مود رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ لوا
ﺮﺛا
ﻪﻌﻄﻗ
يا
ﺐﯿﺷ ﻪﯾواز
ﺖﻬﺟ ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﺶﺨﺑ
Spherical exponential
4/0 40 130
ﯽﻠﺻا
رﺎﯿﻋ
ﺪﯿﺴﮐا
ﻪﻨﻣاد
ﻒﻘﺳ
ﻪﻨﻣاد
ﻒﻘﺳ
52
35/0
22
25/0
Spherical exponential
4/0 50 310
ﻢﺋﺎﻗ
ﻪﻨﻣاد
ﻒﻘﺳ
ﻪﻨﻣاد
ﻒﻘﺳ
6/26
35/0
2
25/0
Spherical Spherical
15/0 35 175
ﯽﻠﺻا
ﯽﺑﺎﯾزﺎﺑ
ﻪﻨﻣاد
ﻒﻘﺳ
ﻪﻨﻣاد
ﻒﻘﺳ
36 5/0 26 35/0
Spherical Spherical
15/0 55 355
ﻢﺋﺎﻗ
ﻪﻨﻣاد
ﻒﻘﺳ
ﻪﻨﻣاد
ﻒﻘﺳ
3/34
5/0
2/25
35/0
exponential Spherical
15/0 60 120
ﯽﻠﺻا
رﺎﯿﻋ
ﺪﯿﻔﻟﻮﺳ
ﻪﻨﻣاد
ﻒﻘﺳ
ﻪﻨﻣاد
ﻒﻘﺳ
42
15/0
21
65/0
exponential Spherical
15/0 30 200
ﻢﺋﺎﻗ
ﻪﻨﻣاد
ﻒﻘﺳ
ﻪﻨﻣاد
ﻒﻘﺳ
7/35
15/0
3/6
65/0
Spherical exponential
1/0 30 200
ﯽﻠﺻا
ﯽﺑﺎﯾزﺎﺑ
ﻪﻨﻣاد
ﻒﻘﺳ
ﻪﻨﻣاد
ﻒﻘﺳ
48
3/0
48
6/0
Spherical exponential
1/0 60 20
ﻢﺋﺎﻗ
ﻪﻨﻣاد
ﻒﻘﺳ
دﻪﻨﻣا
ﻒﻘﺳ
7/42
3/0
5/45
6/0
لوﺪﺟ2- هداد ماﺮﮔﻮﯾراو لﺪﻣ رﺎﯿﻋ يﺎﻫﯽﺑﺎﯾزﺎﺑ و
ﺎﯿﻧ ﯽﻤﯿﻬﻓ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ،يﺮﻐﺻا ﺪﯿﻣا ،يرﻮﻧ اﺮﻫز
ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﻪﯾﺮﺸﻧ»نﺪﻌﻣ ﯽﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ«
8
3-3- ﺒﺷﯿزﺎﺳي ﯿرﺎ زﺎﺑ وﺑﺎ ﻪﻨﻣاد ﺮﻫ رد
ژﺎﻨﺗ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ياﺮﺑ نﺎﻤﻫ هﺮﯿﺧذﺶﯿﭘ ﻪﮐ رﺮﺗ ،ﺪﺷ نﺎﯿﺑ
ﯽﻣ ﺖﺴﯾﺎﺑﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘي ﯿرﺎ زﺎﺑ وﺑﺎ طﺎﻘﻧ ﯽﻣﺎﻤ رد
كﻮﻠﺑﺰﯾرلﺪﻣ يﺎﻫ زا ﺲﭘ رﺎﮐ ﻦﯾا ياﺮﺑ .ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ﯽﮐﻮﻠﺑ
هداد ﻊﯾزﻮﺗ ندﻮﻤﻧ لﺎﻣﺮﻧ تازﯿا شور ز و رﯿ ي
،لﺎﻣﺮﻧرد ﺮﻫ نوز راو لﺪﻣماﺮﮔﻮ اﺮﺑي ﻐﺘﻣ ﺮﻫﯿ ﺪﺷ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ
)لوﺪﺟ2( .ﻪﯿﺒﺷ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﺲﭙﺳﯽﻟاﻮﺘﻣ يزﺎﺳ ﯽﺳﻮﮔ ﺪﺻ ،
ﺪﺷ ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ﺮﺘﻣرﺎﭘ ﺮﻫ ياﺮﺑ ﻖﻘﺤﺗاﺮﺑ .ي ﺠﻨﺳرﺎﺒﺘﻋا ﯾاﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﺎﻫ،
راوماﺮﮔﻮﺎﻫ زﻮﺗ ﻊﺑاﻮﺗ و ﻌﻤﺠﺗ ﺒﺷ زا هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳدﯿزﺎﺳيﺎﻫ
هداد ﺎﺑﺎﻫي ﻟواﯿ ﺎﻘﻣﻪﺴ ﻞﮑﺷ .ﺪﻧﺪﺷ 9و10 ،ﺠﻨﺳ رﺎﺒﺘﻋا لﺪﻣ
و ماﺮﮔﻮﯾراو زﻮﺗ ﻊﺑاﻮﺗ ﻌﻤﺠﺗ ار ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻣ نﺎﺸﻧﻫد.
ﺲﭘ ﺒﺷ زاﯿزﺎﺳي ﯿرﺎ ﺎﺘﻧ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ،ﻼﻃ ﺖﺳد
ﮐﻮﻠﺑ لﺪﻣ و هﺪﻣآ ﺘﺧﺎﺳﻨﺤﻨﻣ ،هﺪﺷ ﯿرﺎ ﻪﻨﻣاد ﺮﻫ رد ژﺎﻨﺗ
دﺮﮔ ﻢﺳر ﻞﮑﺷ)11 .(ﯿﯿ ﯿرﺎ ﻪﻧﺎﺘﺳآ 5/0
ﯿناﺰ ﺧذ ﻞﮐﯿهﺮ Mt 98/199 ﮐا نوز ﻢﻬﺳ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ دروآﺮﯿ
Mt 72/52 ﻔﻟﻮﺳ نوز ﻢﻬﺳ وﯿ Mt 26/147 .دﻮﺑ
لوﺪﺟ 3- ﯽﺑﺮﺠﺗ ماﺮﮔﻮﯾراو ﻪﺑ هﺪﺷ شزاﺮﺑ لﺪﻣ
ﻪﻨﻣاد
620
580
200
ﻒﻘﺳ
23/0
23/0
23/0
ﻪﻌﻄﻗ ﺮﺛايا
02/0
02/0
02/0
رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ
Spherical
Spherical
Spherical
ﺶﺧﺮﭼ
55
ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺶﺧﺮﭼ
رﻮﺤﻣZ
87
ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺶﺧﺮﭼ
رﻮﺤﻣ ﻪﺑX
4
ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺶﺧﺮﭼ
رﻮﺤﻣ ﻪﺑY
ﺎﺑ ا ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻪﮐ ﺮﺑ ياﺮﺑ شور ﮏﻤﮐ ﻪﺑ ژﺎﻨﺗ ناﺰﯿﻣ دروآ
رﻮﻧﺎﯿﺳﯽﻣ نﻮﯿﺳارد ﺰﯿﻧ ار ﯽﺑﺎﯾزﺎﺑ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺖﺴﯾﺎﺑ ،ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ
بﺮﺿ ﻞﺻﺎﺣﯿرﺎ زﺎﺑ ردﺑﺎ ﻼﻃ ، ﺺﺧﺎﺷﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣﺮﺗي اﺮﺑي
زراﺑﺎ رﺎﺴﻧﺎﮐيﺰﯾر ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ يﺎﻫنﺪﻌﻣرﺎﮐي رد .ﺖﺳا
ﻞﮑﺷ7 و8 زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ هدادﺎﻫي ﺒﺷﯿزﺎﺳي ﯿرﺎ زﺎﺑ وﺑﺎ
ﻓا و ﻢﺋﺎﻗ ﻊﻄﻘﻣ ود ﻼﻃ ﺴﮐا ﺶﺨﺑ زاﯿ ﻣ ﻪﮐ رﺎﺴﻧﺎﮐﯿناﺰ ﯿرﺎ
وﯿرﺎ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺎﺼﺤﺘﺳا ن ار كﻮ رد لﺪﻫد هﺪﺷ ﻢﺳر
هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻪﮐ رﻮﻄﻧﺎﻤﻫ .ﺖﺳادﻮﺷ زﺎﺑ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد ﺑﺎ،
ﯿناﺰ ﯿرﺎ ﺘﺳد ﻊﻗاو رد ﻪﮐ ﻼﻃﯿﺑﺎ روآﺮﻓ شور ﻪﺑ نآ ﻪﺑي
ﻟ) هﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧاﯿﯿﮓﻨ ﯿﻧﺎﯿﻣ ﻦﮑﻤﻣ (،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ كﻮﻠﺑ رد ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺎﻫ
ﻪﺘﻓﺎ .ﺖﺳا
4- ﺘﻧﺠﯿيﺮﯿﮔ
لﺪﻣيزﺎﺳ يﺮﯾﺬﭘﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗﺎﮐ يﺎﻫﺪﻨﻧﺎﻤ رﺎﺴ و رﺎﯿﻋ
ﯽﮑﯾژرﻮﻟﺎﺘﻣﻮﺋژ يﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘﻢﯿﻤﺼﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ يﺮﯿﮔ يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا
،ﺪﻌﺑ ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ رد ﯽﯾارﺎﮐ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا و ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا نﺪﻌﻣ يروآﺮﻓ و يرﺎﮐ
ﯽﻣ.دﻮﺷ توﺎﻔ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟ ﺎﺑ ﺶﻫو ﻦﯾا رد ﺖﯿﻫﺎﻣ زا ﯽﺷﺎﻧ يﺎﻫ
يﺪﯿﻔﻟﻮﺳ و يﺪﯿﺴﮐا و ﮓﻨﯿﺠﯾ ﮏﻤﮐ ﻪﺑ نوز ود ﻦﯾا رﺎﺎﮐ
ﻪﯿﺒﺷ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ يزﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ اﺪﺟ ﺮﮕ زا يﺎﻫ
5 و6لﺪﻣ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ و ﺶﯾاﺪﺟ زﺮﻣ ،ﺎﻫﺑ ي ﺎﺑ هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد
هدادﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ يﺎﻫلﺪﻣ ،ﺑ يزﺎﺳﻪﯿﺒﺷ زا هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد يزﺎﺳSIS ﻪﺑ-
ﻓﺮﮔ ﻈﻧ رد تﺎﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﯽﻘﺑﺎﻣ ياﺮﺎﻨﺒﻣ لﺪﻣ ناﻮﻨﻋ رد .
ﯿ رﯿ يز، ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺎﻨﺗ ژ
رﺎﯿﻋ ﯽﻨﺤﻨﻣ ﻢﺳر ﻤﮐ ﻪﺑ هﺮﯿﺧذ- ژﺎﻨﺗ راﺪﻘﻣ .ﺪﺷ دروآﺮﺑ ژﺎﻨﺗ
رﺎﯿﻋ ﺎﺑ هﺮﯿﺧذ ﻼﻃ ﻪﻧﺎﺘﺳآ 5/0 ﺎﺑ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ98/991 نﻮﯿﻠﯿﻣ
ﺖﺳا ﻦﺗ ﻪﮐ72/52 و ﯿا نوز نآ نﯿﯿ
26/147 ﺪﯿﻔﻟﻮﺳ نوز ﻪﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﻣ ﻦﺗ نﻮﯿﻠﯿﺖﺳا . ياﺮﺑ لﺪﻣ
هوﻼﻋ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزﺎﺑ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ هﺮﯿﺧذ ندﺮﮐ ،ﻪﻧﺎﺘﺳآ رﺎﯿﻋ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔﺮﻈﻧرد ﺮﺑ
ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳا ﺮﺘﻬﺑﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا رﻮﻈﻨﻣﻖﯿﻗد يﺎﻫ يﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﺮﺗ
.ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧرد ﺰﯿﻧ ﯽﮑﯿﻧﺎﮑﻣﻮﺋژ و ﯽﮑﯾژرﻮﻟﺎﺘﻣﻮﺋژ رد
ﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔﺮﻈﻧ،ك يا رﯿ ر رد د ي ﺪﯾد
كﻮﻠﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ يﺮﺘﻬﺑ ردنﺪﻌﻣ ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ ﯽﻣﺎﻤﺗ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ،يرﺎﮐ
و يروآﺮﻓ ﯽﻣ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﻦﯾا زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ .داد ﺪﻫاﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﺗ
ﺶﯿﭘﻖﯿﻗد ﯽﻨﯿﺑﻪﻨﯾﺰﻫ ،ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﺖﺳد ﺮﺗﯾﺎﻬﻧ رد و ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ار ﺎ ﻪﺑ
ﺪﻣآرد ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺪﯿﺳر. ا رد را ﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ
ﻼﻃ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزﺎﺑ هداد ﮏﻤﮐ ﻪﺑيﺎﻫ نﺎﺘﻠﻏ يﺮﻄﺑ ﺖﺴﺗ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ، رد
ﻪﯿﺒﺷ كﻮﻠﺑ ﺮﻫﺮﺿ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺎﺑ .ﺪﺷ يزﺎﺳ و ﻼﻃ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزﺎﺑ ب
كا رد ه رﯿ ﺎﻫﻞﮑﺷ ﻖﺒﻃ ، يﺎﻫ7 و8
ژﺎﻨﺗ ناﺰﯿﻣ لﺎﺼﺤﺘﺳا ﻞﺑﺎﻗ .اد ا
ﯽﻣ ار ﯽﺑﺎﯾزﺎﺑ رد رﺎﯿﻋ بﺮﺿ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﻦﯿﻟوا ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﺗ
كﻮﻠﺑ لﺎﺼﺤﺘﺳا ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺰﻠﻓ ناﺰﯿﻣ زا دروآﺮﺑ.ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد ﺎﻫ
يرﺎﺳ يﻼﻃ رﺎﺴﻧﺎﮐ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزﺎﺑ و رﺎﯿﻋ يزﺎﺴﻟﺪﻣﯽﻧﻮﮔ ...
ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﻪﯾﺮﺸﻧ»نﺪﻌﻣ ﯽﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ«
9
(ﻒﻟا)
(ب)
ﻞﮑﺷ7- كﻮﻠﺑ ﻢﺋﺎﻗ ﻊﻄﻘﻣ رﺎﯿﻋ (ﻒﻟا) .رﺎﺴﻧﺎﮐ ﺪﯿﺴﮐا ﺶﺨﺑ يﺎﻫ
نﺎﻤﻫ .ﯽﺑﺎﯾزﺎﺑ رد رﺎﯿﻋ بﺮﺿ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ(ب) هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻞﮑﺷ رد ﻪﮐ رﻮﻃ
ﯽﻣﺳا ﻞﺑﺎﻗ يﻼﻃ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻼﻃ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزﺎﺑ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد ﺎﺑ دﻮﺷ رد لﺎﺼﺤﺘ
كﻮﻠﺑﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺎﻫ
(ﻒﻟا)
(ب)
ﻞﮑﺷ8- كﻮﻠﺑ ﻢﺋﺎﻗ ﻊﻄﻘﻣﺎﻫي ﺴﮐا ﺶﺨﺑﯿ رد ﻪﮐ رﻮﻄﻧﺎﻤﻫ .رﺎﺴﻧﺎﮐ
ﻣ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻞﮑﺷدﻮﺷ زﺎﺑ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد ﺎﺑﺑﺎ ﻣ ﻼﻃﯿناﺰ ﻼﻃي ﻞﺑﺎﻗ
كﻮﻠﺑ رد لﺎﺼﺤﺘﺳا ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺎﻫﻪﺘﻓﺎ .ﺖﺳا بﺮﺿ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ(ب) رﺎﯿﻋ (ﻒﻟا)
ﯽﺑﺎﯾزﺎﺑ رد رﺎﯿﻋ
ﺎﯿﻧ ﯽﻤﯿﻬﻓ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ،يﺮﻐﺻا ﺪﯿﻣا ،يرﻮﻧ اﺮﻫز
ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﻪﯾﺮﺸﻧ»نﺪﻌﻣ ﯽﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ«
10
ﻞﮑﺷ9- ماﺮﮔﻮﯾراو ﯽﺠﻨﺳرﺎﺒﺘﻋا و ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗزﺎﺑلﺪﻣ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧا يﺎﻫنوز رد ﯽﺑﺎﯾزﺎﺑ و رﺎﯿﻋ يزﺎ ﺪﺻ ﮏﻤﮐ ﻪﺑ ﺪﯿﻔﻟﻮﺳ و ﺪﯿﺴﮐا يﺎﻫ
ﻪﯿﺒﺷ ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗزﺎﺑ (ج) .ﺪﯿﻔﻟﻮﺳ نوز رﺎﯿﻋ ياﺮﺑ ماﺮﮔﻮﯾراو ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗزﺎﺑ (ب) .ﺪﯿﺴﮐا نوز رﺎﯿﻋ ياﺮﺑ ماﺮﮔﻮﯾراو ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗزﺎﺑ (ﻒﻟا) .ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ يزﺎﺳ
وﺪﯿﻔﻟﻮﺳ نوز ﯽﺑﺎﯾزﺎﺑ ياﺮﺑ ماﺮﮔﻮﯾراو ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗزﺎﺑ (دا) .ﺪﯿﺴﮐا نوز ﯽﺑﺎﯾزﺎﺑ ياﺮﺑ ماﺮﮔﻮﯾرا
يرﺎﺳ يﻼﻃ رﺎﺴﻧﺎﮐ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزﺎﺑ و رﺎﯿﻋ يزﺎﺴﻟﺪﻣﯽﻧﻮﮔ ...
ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﻪﯾﺮﺸﻧ»نﺪﻌﻣ ﯽﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ«
11
ﻞﮑﺷ9 - ﻟﻮﺗزﺎﺑﯿ ﺠﻨﺳرﺎﺒﺘﻋا و ﯽﻌﻤﺠﺗ ﻊﯾزﻮﺗ ﻊﺑﺎﺗ اﺮﺑهداد يزا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ يﺎﻫ لﺪﻣزﺎﺳي ﯿرﺎ زﺎﺑ وﺑﺎ نوز ردﺎﻫي ﺴﮐاﯿ و
ﻔﻟﻮﺳﯿ ﺒﺷ ﺪﺻ ﮏﻤﮐ ﻪﺑﯿزﺎﺳي .ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ ﻟﻮﺗزﺎﺑ (ﻒﻟا)ﯿ ﯽﻌﻤﺠﺗ ﻊﯾزﻮﺗ ﻊﺑﺎﺗ اﺮي ﯿرﺎ ﺴﮐا نوزﯿﻟﻮﺗزﺎﺑ (ب) .ﯿ ﻊﺑﺎ
زﻮﺗ ﻌﻤﺠﺗ اﺮﺑي ﯿرﺎ ﻔﻟﻮﺳ نوزﯿﻟﻮﺗزﺎﺑ (ج) .ﯿ زﻮﺗ ﻊﺑﺎﺗ ﻌﻤﺠﺗ اﺮﺑي زﺎﺑﺑﺎ ﺴﮐا نوزﯿﻟﻮﺗزﺎﺑ (د) .ﯿ زﻮﺗ ﻊﺑﺎﺗ ﻌﻤﺠﺗ
اﺮي زﺎﺑﺑﺎ ﻔﻟﻮﺳ نوزﯿ.
(ﻒﻟا) (ب)
ﻞﮑﺷ10- زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣژﺎﻨﺗ رﺎﯿﻋ ﯽﻨﺤﻨﻣ100 ﻪﯿﺒﺷهﺪﯿﻔﻟﻮﺳ نوز :(ب) و هﺪﯿﺴﮐا نوز :(ﻒﻟا) رد رﺎﯿﻋ يزﺎﺳ
ﺎﯿﻧ ﯽﻤﯿﻬﻓ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ،يﺮﻐﺻا ﺪﯿﻣا ،يرﻮﻧ اﺮﻫز
ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﻪﯾﺮﺸﻧ»نﺪﻌﻣ ﯽﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ«
12
ﺮﻣا
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ﺖﺷﻮﻧ ﯽﭘ
1 David
2 Journel
3 Huijbregts
4 Smoothing Effect
5 Boisvert
6 Leichliter
7 La Colosa
8 Deutsch
9 Avalos
10 Dilution
11 Net Present Value
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Thesis
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The goal of this project was to develop a predictive geometallurgical recovery model for the La Colosa porphyry gold deposit using the gold deportment, analytical data (multi-element assays), mineralogy, and recovery data. The aim of geometallurgy is to reduce risk and uncertainty by understanding the variability within the ore body, to increase the confidence in forecasting and planning of production as well as optimizing recovery. Through different levels of testwork, such as reference, support, and proxy, relationships and predictions are made. Geometallurgy uses geology, statistics, and metallurgy to develop models that predict the behaviour or variability in the ore body due to geological or mineralogical changes. The La Colosa porphyry gold deposit is a world-class deposit located in the Central Cordillera of Colombia. It is unusual because it is gold rich and has low amounts of copper and trace molybdenum. The deposit consists of multiple intrusions of early, intermineral, and late porphyritic phases of diorites, dacite, and quartz diorites that have intruded into the schist and hornfels basement rock. The dominant alteration assemblage is potassic with weaker amounts of potassic-calcic and sodic calcic alteration. Gold-related veins include quartzsulfide (A type) and sulfide (S and D type) veins. Geologic aspects of the deposit were used to create a general geologic model for gold mineralisation at La Colosa that was used to help create a recovery model. The gold mineralisation at La Colosa occurs predominantly as native gold, gold tellurides, and gold-silver tellurides, and in veins with a halo of disseminated (vein poor) gold mineralisation. Grain size, association, and deportment of the gold at La Colosa were examined and the results used to understand the variability in the gold recoveries (cyanide leach, gravity, and flotation). Recovery data was used with leaching as the primary process, with tests such as shake leach and bottle roll analyses. Results of the geologic model, detailed visual logging, gold recovery testwork, multi-element analyses, and mineralogy testwork were used to build geometallurgical predictive models to estimate the gold recovery using multivariate statistical techniques, such as correlation analysis, Mahalanobis Distance, Principal Components Analysis (PCA), and multiple regressions. The steps used to develop the geometallurgical model were the following: 1 Identify anomalies using Mahalanobis Distance. 2 Perform correlation analysis to identify similar characteristics. 3 Perform a Principal Components Analysis (PCA) to constrain variability and develop discriminant diagrams for the data. 4 Define classes and perform linear and non-linear regressions to model the desired parameter. 5 Create process performance domains of the data and wireframe to check. 6 Evaluate and re-iterate the model as newer data is gathered. 7 Apply to resource or geologic block model. By using the recovery and gold mineralogy data along with the multivariate statistical techniques, a predictive geometallurgy model to estimate gold recovery was constructed. This model can be incorporated with the planning and resource models for the site to efficiently extract and process the gold.
Article
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Nowadays, geometallurgical modeling, as a rapidly growing discipline in mining engineering, has significant role in mine designing/planning especially for porphyry copper projects. In porphyry copper deposits, the copper ore often is composed of two main parts including oxide and sulfide ores. The oxide rock type consists a fraction of total copper which would be recovered by heap leaching. Flotation plant is used when the fraction of sulfide ore is high enough. The mineralogical inequality constraint linking both grade variables (total copper and oxide copper) is a difficulty which often complicates the joint modeling and simulation of variables. To simplify such complicated joint simulation, the stepwise conditional transformation technique is presented which transforms multiple variables to the univariate and multivariate Gaussian with no cross correlation. This makes it easy to simulate multiple variables with arbitrarily complex relationships. This study addresses the application of stepwise conditional transformation and sequential Gaussian simulation for reproduction of the total and oxide copper in different rock types of the Sungun porphyry copper deposit honoring the relationship between Cu-oxide and Cu-total of the initial data. Validation results show that the simulation model has a good agreement with the sample data and geological facts of deposit.
Chapter
The change of support and information effect concepts are fundamental in every resource model. It underpins all aspects of resource estimation in every deposit worldwide, yet is poorly understood, rarely taught, and even more rarely applied. This paper describes the practical implications of these concepts using conditional simulation, by deriving a recoverable resource estimate for the first 11 benches of the proposed Olympic Dam open cut mine. The Olympic Dam deposit is one the world’s largest polymetallic resources at 9 billion tonnes grading 0.8 % Cu, 270 ppm U3O8, 0.32 g/t Au and 1.5 g/t Ag. BHP Billion is currently undertaking a feasibility study of a large open cut operation with an estimated mine life in excess of 100 years. The resource estimation practices at Olympic Dam comprise of a combination of linear and non-linear techniques to estimate 16 different grade variables critical to the resource. In the southern portion of the deposit, at the site of the proposed open cut, the current resource estimate data spacing is insufficient to predict the recoverable tonnage and grade that will be selected using closely spaced grade control blast holes once mining commences. Conditional simulation has been used to generate a recoverable resource estimate by quantifying the tonnage and grade uplift resulting from the change of support and the information effect that occurs at the time of mining. Ten realizations of Cu, S, U3O8 and Au were generated using Sequential Indicator Simulation. The simulations were validated visually and statistically, and a single realization was then chosen to represent reality. Several grade control databases were constructed by sampling the realization at the expected blast hole spacing. Each database was used to estimate the first few pushbacks of the proposed open cut mimicking future grade control estimates. Variations were quantified and grade tonnage curves at the smaller grade control support were compared to the larger blocks of the resource. This information has been used to optimize the predictions of expected tons and grades fed to the mill, adjusting the recoverable resource estimate to control its smoothing. This information is critical for optimal mine planning. The results and conclusions of this work unequivocally demonstrate why every resource geologist should have a deep understanding of the change of support and information effect, and how it can be applied in their resource models using conditional simulation. This publication includes information on Mineral Resources which have been compiled by S. O’Connell (MAusIMM). This is based on Mineral Resource information in the BHP Billiton 2010 Annual Report which for can be found at http:// www. bhpbilliton. com. All information is reported under the ‘Australasian Code for Reporting of Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves, 2004’ (the JORC Code) by Shane O’Connell who is a full-time employee of BHP Billiton and has the required qualifications and experience to qualify as Competent Person for Mineral Resources under the JORC Code. Mr. O’Connell verifies that this report is based on and fairly reflects the Mineral Resources information in the supporting documentation and agrees with the form and context of the information presented.
Chapter
The extractive metallurgy of gold ores is largely driven by their grade and mineralogy. The concentration of gold in the Earth's crust and mantle is extremely low and highly variable, resulting in ore variability in many gold and copper–gold deposits. More importantly, gold in an ore may occur in two or three forms (i.e., microscopic gold, submicroscopic gold, and surface gold), making gold ore processing extremely challenging. The objective of gold geometallurgy is to reduce and minimize the technical risk in project evaluation, plant design, mine planning, and production forecasting through geometallurgical modeling, representative sampling, and subsequent systematic mineralogical and metallurgical test work. Geometallurgy is a technique to document variability within an orebody and quantify and evaluate the impact of many factors influenced by geology and mineralogy, on grinding, flotation, leaching, and metal recovery processes. Automated mineralogy is an important technique used widely by the minerals industry and research institutes in ore characterization, and commercialized in the form of techniques such as mineral liberation analysis (MLA), QEMSCAN, and more recently Advanced Mineral Identification and Characterization System (AMICS). It generally uses scanning electron microscopy hardware as a platform, combined with sophisticated software to provide information on mineral speciation, composition, liberation, association, size distribution, and metal balance. It plays an important role in geometallurgical projects, including those of gold ores. This chapter provides an overview of geometallurgy and automated mineralogy fundamentals and application in gold ore processing, with a focus being on the ore characterization.
Article
High-resolution spatial numerical models of metallurgical properties constrained by geological controls and more extensively by measured grade and geomechanical properties constitute an important part of geometallurgy. Geostatistical and other numerical techniques are adapted and developed to construct these high-resolution models accounting for all available data. Important issues that must be addressed include unequal sampling of the metallurgical properties versus grade assays, measurements at different scale, and complex nonlinear averaging of many metallurgical parameters. This paper establishes techniques to address each of these issues with the required implementation details and also demonstrates geometallurgical mineral deposit characterization for a copper–molybdenum deposit in South America. High-resolution models of grades and comminution indices are constructed, checked, and are rigorously validated. The workflow demonstrated in this case study is applicable to many other deposit types.
Article
The main aim of this study is the identification of potassic, phyllic and propylitic alteration zones in the hypogene zone of the Sungun Cu porphyry deposit (NW Iran) based on drillcore data, utilizing sequential geostatistical simulation (SGS) and concentration-volume (C-V) fractal model. C-V Log-log plots were generated for results obtained by 10 realizations and the average of those realizations (E-type) which used for determination of Cu threshold values for the alteration zones. Based on correlation between geological models and the results derived via SGS and C-V fractal modeling by logratio matrix, the propylitic zone has Cu values < 0.005% resulted by simulation number (sim) 1, 5 and 9 with overall accuracy (OA) of 0.94. Additionally, the phyllic alteration contents Cu values between 0.25% and 0.63% with OA of 0.70 which is delineated by E-type. Moreover, a correlation between C-V fractal modeling of realizations and the potassic alteration zone derived via the geological model reveals that this alteration zone has Cu values higher than 2.23% (sim 1, 5 and 9) with OA of 0.816. The results of this research reveal that phyllic alteration due to having many existing geological samples with the grades close to the average ore grade (0.44%) of the Sungun deposit has a proper overlap with E-Type however; potassic and propylitic alterations containing of the highest and lowest ore grades have the strong overlap with sim 1, 5 and 9.