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India after Independence;-
. Gayatri Sunkad,
Lecturer,
Department of Political Science,
Shri Kalidas Degree College,
Badami.
Dist;-Bagalkot.
Karnataka,
India.
Cell-7019410220.
G-mail;-gayatri.sunkad@gmail.com
Member-Research Gate
ORCID iD-https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5309-9372
Abstract;
India had got independence on August 15, 1947. It is the achievement of India that without any
bloodshed, it achieved freedom and it is the recorded as an important milestone in the world history. It
can be termed as ‘’ Bloodless Revolution’’.
But after independence, India had to face many problems like illiteracy, corruption, status of women,
poverty, gender discrimination, untouchability, regionalism, communalism etc. There are so many
problems which were the greater obstacles for the economic growth of India. But still India is
successfully faced all these problems and achieved success. But the way is not so much easy. But we can
say that in a greater extent, India had successfully faced all these
problems and in the way of science and technology, space technology, it become the shining star before
the world.
Key words;-Literacy, Communalism, Regionalism, Population growth, Corruption, Social problems,
status of women etc.
Introduction;- India is the second largest populated as well as democratic country in the world.
After the independence, it had faced so many challenges and most of the times it faced successfully. The
milestone we can witness in the economic progress of India is, the launching of five year plans, as well as
preparation of constitution, reorganizing of states etc.
But at the same time the problems like poverty, communalism, status of women etc are hindrances in the
way of economic progress of the country. By providing legal provision, creating awareness among the
people, spreading education among the people, It found the remedies for the problems.
Methodology.;-
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Iproblems faced by India and also know how it is successfully found the
remedies for the solutions.
Illiteracy;-Illiteracy is the very serious problem faced by India. According to 2011 census, literacy rate is 7
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o-5% in India. But after the independence, India had faced a serious problem in terms of
illiteracy. There were no so much educational facilities at the time of independence. But the central
government had taken many steps to solve the problem of illiteracy. The central government as well as
state government, established government schools to universalize the free and compulsory primary
education.
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There were only 12% literates in India at the time of independence. It has been enhanced to 66% in 2001,
By 2011, it has increased to 74%. Still about 26% are illiterates. So the Government has taken up many
steps to eradicate this problem. ‘’Sarvaa Sikssha Abhiyaan’’ has been launched in 2001 to provide free
education for children of 6-14 years. It provides education to girls and physically challenged. In 1988 ‘’
National Literacy Mission’’ has also been established by the Government of India to make illiterates to
literates. ‘’ Sakshara Bharath’’ programme has been launched to eradicate illiteracy.
Recently through Article 21 of Our Constitution Right to Education 2009 has been guaranteed.
Compulsory free education has been implemented for the children between 6 and 14 years.
Communalism;-Terrorism causes negative impact on civilized society and governments. Terrorism
is a political tactic which creates fear complexities and glorifies the ideology of the Terroist
Organizations. Such acts of organized violence are fully unlawful and antisocial in nature. Such
acts are based on religious, political or ideological goal causing heavy psychological impact.
In short communalism in India is a menace, which is capable to disrupt the very unity and integrity of our
system. It propagates hate-philosophy among religious groups. It spreads with unwarranted
mutual accusation, insult and even physical combat among the religion groups.
national feeling above the sectarian thoughts are very essential to combat communalism
Uniform legal system , equal treatment of all citizens, practice of secularism in all aspects of public life,
furtherance of national feeling above the sectarian thoughts are very essential to combat
communalism.
Regionalism;- Regionalism means highest attachment towards one’s state. It is also strong feeling of
people in favor of their local area. Linguistic fanaticism too leads to regionalism. Extreme
regionalism harms national unity and interest. Glorification of parochialism or regionalism
hampers the unity of the nation. The regional struggles going on various parts of the country
too hamper the development of the nation.
If extreme regionalism among the states is allowed to continue, it will cause serious inter-state border
disputes, river water disputes , etc. This type of parochialism based on regionalism, acts against
national interests.
To counter regionalism, our Indian Constitution provides many remedial measures. Some of them are
as ,follows;-
a) It emphasizes national unity and integrity by upholding single national citizenship.
b) It provides enough space for regional development with the federal structure and
c) The preamble of our constitution declares ‘’ We the people of India’’ and there by stresses Indian
nationalism.
Status of women;- There are many inherent socio-economic causes which lowered their status.,
Lack of education, has been a great hindrance to women’s progress. Male domination, social
customs, religious norms are also the causes which harm the status of women etc.
The achievements of women during pre-independent India are notable. Jhansi Rani Lakshmibai, Kitturu
Rani Chennamma, Anniebesant, Kasurba Gandhi, Savithribai Phule, Sarojini Naiddu, are some
of the memorable women freedom fighters. Now women are present in all walks of life like
medical, teaching, engineering, pilot, astronaut, police,politics, military and other areas. Still, the
status of women needs a lot of improvement. The status of women has remained low due to
social customs, poverty aand illiteracy. This has affected the progress of the country.
To improve the women’s education and development, government has started Women and Children
Development Department. Through, this health; education and social status of women are
improved. Women education, Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, Dowry Prohibition Act etc are
there for the empowerment of women.
Various cooperative formations like Stree Shakti self help groups , associations of self help groups have
been formed. Women’s commissions have been established at national and state level to
address the various issues o women. Attempts are made to provide reservations at state and
national legislatures bodies. Women reservation is also provided in government recircuitments.
Unemployment;- Unemployment is a situation where a person does not find work in accordance
to his capacity or qualification . India has a huge population and unemployment is a big problem.
Usually, the huge population and improved technology are considered as the two reasons for
unemployment. Apart from these two, shortage of natural resources, over dependency of
agriculture, ruined cottage industries, and lack of skill based education unemployment has
become a huge problem. According to census of 2011, the poverty rate is 21.9%. This indicates
the growing problem of unemployment in India.
Remedies;- In order to solve the poverty related issues, both the central and state governments have
taken various measures to generate employment for people. Steps have been taken to improve
the skill level of the job seekers so that they can have better access to employment, providing
loans and subsidy to enable people to engage in self employment.
Hence, the solution is to inculcate world class skill to our people so that they compete with global
production. Apart from this, every citizen other country should be encouraged to indulge in one or the
other employment by providing job oriented course to all is another strategy to think on.
Corruption;- Corruption is another social evil in the public life of India. Now, the corruption has
spread to all strata of the society. Corruption means offering bribe and following any other illegal
means to achieve some illegal benefits. This also can be defined as misuse of public authority for
personal gains. Sweeping away all the procedures for a narrow personal gain can also be termed as
corruption.
Political corruption leads to crime. It also provides motivation of corruption in public lie and nourishes
the misadministration on the part of officials. Things like tax evasion , illegal hoarding , smuggling ,
economic offences, cheating , violation of international exchange and employment cheating all find
space in corruption.
It is impossible to root out corruption by either rejecting it at personal level or just going along with it. It
can be rooted out only through strong public ethics and morality and personal commitment. Many
times , a natural human tendency for selfishness, eagerness to find personal emergencies leads to
corruption.
Remedies;- The institutions like Lokpal and Lok Ayukta, usage of CCTV cameras are in government
offices are used to prevent the corruption. .Even the harsh punishment to corrupt officials are also the
preventive measures to stop the corruption. In nutshell, many measures are used to prevent the
levels of corruption.
Population explosion;- The number of people which a country can support largely, if not entirely,
depends upon its existing natural resources, the methods it uses in production, and the efficiency of labor
which affects labor productivity. It appears from current standards that India’s population is considerably
increasing..
This excess population is itself a symptom of over-population. This problem is becoming more and more
acute day by day due to rapidly increasing population in terms of the density of population.. So, India is
over-populated.
However, a small minority of people see that India is not really over-populated still, it is a vast country
with plenty of natural resources. These resources have not been fully used as yet. They express the view
that, if all the resources are fully employed, India can maintain a larger population than what it is having
now and in much greater comfort.
causes;-There are many causes for the population explosion in India;-
Male dominant society;- The Indian society is male dominant society. In Sanskrit language there is
slogan is there;-‘’ Aputrasya Gathinasthi’’ it means, the person who is not having a son is not qualified to
get moksha. So every Indian woman wants to beget a son and up to getting a son, she begets more and
more children. This is also, the main reason for population increasing in India.
Climatic condition in India;-In India, there is hot temperate climate. Due to this, the girls are matured
early in age and due to this the parents are started to make their daughters early marriage. So they
matured early in age, marry in early age, and become mother in early age. This is also leads to
population explosion.
Poverty;-Poverty is also leads to some times the population explosion. Due to poverty, they are not
caring about the birth control measures, and they think that if they are having more children, then they
will help and earn money for them, and take care in the old age.
Agriculture as the main occupation for livelihood;- In India the people are occupying as the agriculture
as the main occupation. But the agriculture needs more hands. So the agriculture occupying`` as the main
occupation, indirectly supports the increasing the population.
Decline in the death mortality rate ;After the independence, the both Central government and state
government had provided the free medical facilities to the needy people. For every five kilometers, the
government had established the Primary Health Centre (P.H.C.) and by this the poor people are providing
the necessary medical facilities. By this, the birth rates are increasing and death rates are decreasing.
The remedial measures to control the increasing population;- There are so many measures to control
the increasing population. They are as follows;-
Adopting family planning policy;-One of the best measures of controlling the increased population is
adoption of family planning policy. If all are adopting the family planning policy, means to restricting
ourselves, to beget only two children, then we can control the increasing population to some extent.
Encouraging the women to use birth control measures;- The women are having the important role
in controlling the population explosion. If women are educated about the bad effects of the increasing
population, then they will certainly use the birth control pills to prevent frequent pregnancy as well as
create gap between the two pregnancy, which is supports their career, health as well as they can look
after the children very well. This time of creating the gap between the two pregnancy definitely supports
the controlling the rate of increasing population.
Poverty;- Poverty is the serious problem faced by India after independence. It was existed even before
independence. This problem is considered as both social as well as economic problem. It is existed not
only due to economic condition of the nation, and also due to the mindset of the people. It is caused
due to illiteracy, population explosion , etc.
But by controlling the population explosion, by decentralizing industries, by spreading education, we can
prevent the poverty line in India.
The various measures taken by the government to mitigate poverty.;-
The rural youth are provided with training to take up self- employment . BPL cards are issued to
the poor families.
National Rural Employment Programe (NREP) has been undertaken.
Provision of Employment Programe to the rural landless laborers.
Jawahar Rojgar Yojana, Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana and other different schemes are taken
to reduce poverty.
Conclusion;- After independence, India had successfully faced the problems like poverty,
population explosion, unemployment etc. Even though we had succeeded still we have to reach our goal.
So, let us hope in this direction.
References;-
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1.
The End.
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