Sustainable Development Report 2021
... Desde el año 2016, se realiza anualmente un informe sobre el desarrollo sostenible global (Sachs et al., 2016(Sachs et al., , 2020(Sachs et al., , 2021(Sachs et al., , 2022(Sachs et al., , 2023United Nations, 2016, 2017, 2018, el cual describe el progreso de los países hacia el cumplimiento de los ODS e identifica aquellas áreas que requieren atención debido a su bajo nivel de consecución. Este informe emplea los datos más actualizados de los 193 Estados miembros de la ONU, asignando una puntuación global e individual al índice de los ODS expresada en un porcentaje de rendimiento óptimo, cuyo valor máximo es 100. ...
... La metodología de evaluación suele seguir varios pasos (Sachs et al., 2021): ...
... -Selección de informes sobre ODS: Para garantizar una visión global y actualizada, se seleccionaron informes de desarrollo sostenible de los años 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022 y 2023 (Sachs et al., 2019(Sachs et al., , 2020(Sachs et al., , 2021(Sachs et al., , 2022(Sachs et al., , 2023. Estos informes proporcionaron las bases comparativas para evaluar los progresos regionales en cada ODS. ...
Aquesta investigació té com a objectiu avaluar el progrés recent en el compliment dels Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible (ODS) a països d'Amèrica Llatina i el Carib, amb especial atenció als avenços i desafiaments a la regió. La motivació rau en la necessitat de comprendre l'estat actual de la implementació dels ODS, en particular l'ODS 11: Ciutats i Comunitats Sostenibles, dins del marc de l'Agenda 2030 per al Desenvolupament Sostenible. La novetat de l'estudi resideix en el seu enfocament comparatiu i actualitzat utilitzant dades dels Informes de Desenvolupament Sostenible 2019-2023 per analitzar 10 casos d'estudi seleccionats. A diferència d'altres estudis, se centra de manera més profunda en l'anàlisi de les metes de l'ODS 11. La metodologia emprada inclou l'anàlisi de 140 metes dels ODS, processant les dades obtingudes dels informes per avaluar els avenços i retrocessos en compliment. Els resultats mostren que, tot i que hi ha hagut un increment progressiu en el compliment dels ODS (de 57,1% el 2019 al 69,2% el 2023), més del 30% de les metes no han avançat o han retrocedit des del 2015. Aquesta troballa ressalta la urgència d'intensificar els esforços per assegurar un futur sostenible. La recerca ofereix un balanç que identifica condicions, reptes i oportunitats clau, i proposa un marc de referència per al futur seguiment del compliment dels ODS, particularment en el context de la sostenibilitat urbana a Amèrica Llatina i el Carib.
This research aims to assess recent progress in the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Latin American and Caribbean countries, with special attention to the advances and challenges in the region. The motivation lies in the need to understand the current state of SDGs implementation, particularly SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities, within the framework of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The novelty of the study lies in its comparative and up-to-date approach, using data from the 2019-2023 Sustainable Development Reports to analyze 10 selected case studies. Unlike other studies, it focuses more deeply on the analysis of the SDG 11 targets. The methodology employed includes the analysis of 140 SDGs targets, processing the data obtained from the reports to assess progress and setbacks in their achievement. The results show that, although there has been a progressive increase in the achievement of the SDGs (from 57.1% in 2019 to 69.2% in 2023), more than 30% of the targets have not advanced or have regressed since 2015. This finding highlights the urgency of intensifying efforts to ensure a sustainable future. The research provides a balance that identifies key conditions, challenges, and opportunities, and proposes a reference framework for future monitoring of SDGs achievement, particularly in the context of urban sustainability in Latin America and the Caribbean.
Esta investigación tiene como objetivo evaluar el progreso reciente en el cumplimiento de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) en países de América Latina y el Caribe, con especial atención a los avances y desafíos en la región. La motivación radica en la necesidad de comprender el estado actual de la implementación de los ODS, en particular el ODS 11: Ciudades y Comunidades Sostenibles, dentro del marco de la Agenda 2030 para el Desarrollo Sostenible. La novedad del estudio reside en su enfoque comparativo y actualizado, utilizando datos de los Informes de Desarrollo Sostenible 2019-2023 para analizar 10 casos de estudio seleccionados. A diferencia de otros estudios, se centra de manera más profunda en el análisis de las metas del ODS 11. La metodología empleada incluye el análisis de 140 metas de los ODS, procesando los datos obtenidos de los informes para evaluar los avances y retrocesos en el cumplimiento. Los resultados muestran que, aunque ha habido un incremento progresivo en el cumplimiento de los ODS (de 57,1% en 2019 a 69,2% en 2023), más del 30% de las metas no han avanzado o han retrocedido desde 2015. Este hallazgo resalta la urgencia de intensificar los esfuerzos para asegurar un futuro sostenible. La investigación ofrece un balance que identifica condiciones, retos y oportunidades clave, y propone un marco de referencia para el seguimiento futuro del cumplimiento de los ODS, particularmente en el contexto de la sostenibilidad urbana en América Latina y el Caribe.
... However, despite that the uneven development of SDGs may compromise the overall achievement of SDGs, the existing assessments of SDGs have largely neglected the distributional characteristics among SDG indicators (Liu et al. 2021). For example, the annually published Sustainable Development Report (SDR) (Sachs et al. 2021) uses SDG Index scores based on the arithmetic mean of all 17 SDGs scores to track and rank the progress towards SDGs of all UN member states, which might be biased and over-optimistic if large variances exist among 17 SDGs scores (Liu et al. 2021). To be more specific, a comprehensive achievement of sustainable development implies that a satisfactory achievement has been made on any single SDG, even the most underperformed one. ...
... While assessing the evenness of SDGs achievement is important, such analysis devoted to measuring the evenness, particularly on a global scale, is still evidently absent from existing literature. Since the SDGs were introduced as "the blueprint to achieve a better and more sustainable future for all", researchers have eagerly attempted to provide various comprehensive measures to monitor the progress towards SDGs at global, national and subnational levels (Sachs et al. 2021;Schmidt-Traub et al. 2017;United Nations 2020;World Banks 2020;Xiao et al. 2022;Xu et al. 2020). Notably, the accomplishment of SDGs is not a todo list containing 17 tasks which could be completed one by one. ...
... We use an improved radar chart method to construct the SDG evenness index score (EIS, more details on generating the index, see Methods). The indicators for each SDG are extracted from the widely used SDG database provided by the Sustainable Development Report (Sachs et al. 2021). Based on the proposed countrylevel SDG evenness index, our study presents quantitative evidence of the spatio-temporal patterns of SDGs balanced growth by exploring the evolution of evenness scores for each country. ...
Achieving the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) requires an overall and well-balanced achievement of all SDGs rather than cherry-picking a few. While it is vital to assess the evenness of SDGs achievement, such analysis, particularly on a global scale, is still evidently absent from the existing literature. To remedy such a scholarly gap, this paper measures the evenness of SDGs achievement for 193 countries from 2010 to 2019 by adapting the evenness assessment method originating from ecology and biodiversity literature. Our analyses regarding the country-level SDG evenness index scores (EIS) indicate a significant heterogeneity across countries. Global South countries usually underperform in the evenness of 17 goals, while a significant portion of Global North countries also suffer from the unbalanced developments in SDGs. By integrating the evenness measures into the conventional global SDG monitoring framework, this study identifies six development paths in pursuing the SDGs and shows that maintaining the overall SDGs improvements while balancing the development of each goal is practical but has not taken place in at least 35% of countries. We estimate that the SDG evenness and average performance could further increase by 3.5 p.p. and 2.1 p.p., or 74 percent and 50 percent of the growth in the baseline continue past paths scenario, respectively, if each country could follow the effective development path of frontier counterparts with similar income levels. Our SDG evenness measures, complemented by inter-temporal cross-country analyses, could inform policies and cooperation strategies to identify the weaknesses in sustainable development, boost effective growth, and protect unevenly developed countries. Future research could further develop these measures to provide deeper insights into achieving rapid and well-balanced development of SDGs at various levels.
... Therefore, a consistent approach is required for current and future generations to achieve food, energy, and water sustainability (FEWS) [24,25]. Nevertheless, Nigeria seeks a 1% contribution of wind energy to the electricity generation mix, 13% from hydroelectricity, and 3% and 6% from solar power by 2020 and 2030, respectively [26]. ...
... Figure 3 is the map of Nigeria showing that 36 states, including Abuja in Nigeria, were chosen as the study area (i.e., case study), with increasing population growth, poverty level, hunger level, poor water and sanitation supply costs to the Nigerian economy at approximately 1.3% of GDP annually. The economy suffers an energy deficit, with approximately 50% of the population having inadequate grid electricity (IRENA, 2022) following the global ranking [25] and country growth classification of the United Nations (UN), global food index and Statista cited in [23]. ...
The world has arguably identified both output and population growth over time. Thus, the demand for agricultural commodities such as biofuels and the prominent challenges associated with sustainable land use, water, and food development all play a significant role in the development process, as all countries strive to achieve the use of different approaches, such as convergence in output per capita, energy use, water availability, and food production, more safely and ecologically. Therefore, this study is led by Access and Neo-Malthusian theories to investigate the effects of food, energy, and water security sustainability for achieving sustainable development goals using annual data covering 1980 to 2020 to estimate the asymmetric autoregressive distributive lag approach. Accordingly, the results revealed that the effects of positive changes in food, energy, and water security on sustainable development differ significantly from those of negative changes. A 1% change in food production, water supply development, or industrial value addition has a significant positive impact on sustainable development; however, a 1% change in energy use and carbon emission, population growth, or depletion of natural resources has substantial adverse effects on sustainable economic development in both the short run and the long run in Nigeria. The findings also revealed that restoring equilibrium convergence to achieve 2030 SDGs requires 16.2% each year. The study recommends adopting innovative systems that control and help manage available human and natural resources in productive sectors and increase value-added and renewable energy production in Nigeria.
... In the 2022 report, Serbia ranked 35th among 163 countries on the SDG Index, scoring 75.9 (with Finland leading with 86.5). Figures 2.11 of the report [65] illustrate Serbia's progress on each goal, with only two goals-falling into the "SDG achievement" category (one of those two is SDG4), indicating that Serbia is on the right track in terms of poverty reduction and educational development. One goal falls into the "challenges remain" category, while 12 goals are in the "significant challenges remain" category, one in the "major challenges remain" category, and one with no data. ...
... According to the 2022 SDG Report, Serbia still faces challenges in altering educational trends, yet it stands out as one of the top-performing countries in the region, alongside Croatia. Croatia achieved a higher overall score of 78.8, ranking 23rd, while Bulgaria is positioned 42nd, followed by North Macedonia at 57th place [65]. Because many of the aims are not on a national level, these findings suggest that regional solutions may be required. ...
Achieving the targets and indicators outlined in Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4) presents significant global challenges, particularly in countries like Serbia, where diverse socio-economic contexts and policy planning shape educational outcomes. SDG4 focuses on providing inclusive and fair access to quality education for everyone and encourages lifelong learning opportunities for people of all ages. It comprises ten specific targets. This paper focuses on the complexities and challenges associated with measuring five of these targets, which were not analyzed in Serbia’s official report on SDGs. By using Serbia as a case study, the paper systematically examines national policies, educational data, and assessment frameworks, identifying persistent barriers that impede progress toward the SDG4 objectives. A comparative analysis was conducted to better understand Serbia’s progress in achieving these targets. This analysis compares Serbia’s performance with that of neighboring countries in the region as well as with more developed nations. Methodological limitations in data collection and monitoring further complicate efforts to accurately assess SDG 4 indicators. Through specific examples of non-measurable indicators, the paper illustrates these challenges and explores potential strategies for improving measurement accuracy and policy effectiveness. By evaluating Serbia’s experience, this study offers insights that are valuable for finding ways to start measuring targets that currently lack data, considering the close deadline for achieving the goals.
... The "Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN) and Bertelsmann Stiftung" have provided a global SDG index and dashboards since 2016, assessing each country's performance across all 17 SDGs, giving equal weight to each goal. A country's score ranges from 0 (worst-case scenario) to 100 (ideal situation) (Sachs et al., 2021). Malaysia committed to meeting the SDGs in late 2014 by incorporating them into its 11th and 12th National Plans (Michael & Salleh, 2021). ...
... Based on its performance for each goal, Malaysia ranked highest in Goal 1 "No Poverty" and Goal 8 "Decent Work and Economic Growth," while giving the least priority to SDG 10 "Reduced Inequalities" and SDG 15 "Life on Land." Malaysia saw a slight drop in its SDGs performance compared to 2021, with an average score of 70.00% and a global rank of 68th out of 163, placing it third in Southeast Asia (Sachs et al., 2021). This drop could be attributed to the COVID-19 pandemic, which affected global SDG progress. ...
Limited research explores the private sector's role in achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly regarding factors influencing disclosure practices in emerging economies. This study addresses this gap by investigating the voluntary disclosure of SDGs and the impact of the sustainability committee (SC) on such disclosure in Malaysia. Panel data from large publicly listed Malaysian companies spanning from 2016 to 2020 is employed. Manual content analysis extracts the SDGs‐related information from the annual reports. Data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analytical models to examine the effect of the sustainability committee's existence on the SDGs disclosure. Findings reveal an increasing trend in Malaysian companies' commitment to SDGs, with a stronger emphasis on social goals compared to environmental ones. The results of the T ‐test, fixed effects, and two‐stage least squares regressions demonstrate significantly higher and more detailed SDG disclosure in companies with SCs compared to those without SCs. These findings suggest that SCs facilitate the integration of SDGs into corporate strategies and business models. Sensitivity analyses have not altered our findings. This research provides useful insights for policymakers and practitioners regarding corporate SDGs disclosure practices and the role of sustainability committees in enhancing such practices.
... To create a sustainable environment, the United Nations has set a goal of meeting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030 [5]. "Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization, and foster innovation (SDG 9)," "Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable (SDG 11)," "Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns" (SDG 12), and "Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts (SDG 13)" are the SDGs that necessarily apply to the construction industry. ...
... "Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization, and foster innovation (SDG 9)," "Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable (SDG 11)," "Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns" (SDG 12), and "Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts (SDG 13)" are the SDGs that necessarily apply to the construction industry. [5]. As per the United Nations (UN), the construction industry is responsible for 40% of global energy consumption, 40% of solid waste production, and 28% of global greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), 12% of global drinking water consumption [6]. ...
... In this regard, addressing the SDGs is essential to provide students with a comprehensive and relevant education (McCowan, 2019;Vasconcelos et al., 2022), which prepares them to teach this content in their future classrooms (Gómez & García, 2023). The SDGs describe the key challenges for humanity, including eradicating hunger, ensuring healthy lives, achieving gender equality, promoting peace, taking urgent action against climate change, and ensuring quality education (Sachs et al., 2021;Rieckman, 2017), as can be seen in the following figure: As can be seen, the SDGs aim to highlight the values and principles that are fundamental for building a fair, sustainable, and equitable world. Teachers play an undeniable role in achieving the SDGs and the 2030 Agenda, as agents of social transformation, reflecting on and making decisions about the role of education and how it can contribute to advancing this development agenda that requires active and participatory citizenship from everyone. ...
The United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are obligatory curricular content in primary and secondary education in many countries including Spain (LOMLOE, 2020). The main objectives of this study are to analyse student teacher perception towards the use of escape rooms and its effectiveness for the learning of the SDGs through GBL in an online university context. The intervention consisted of a two-phase practical session using GBL and online escape rooms with preservice teachers (N = 150) in the Master of Secondary Education in an e-learning university context. Participants subsequently answered a validated ad hoc questionnaire to determine perceptions towards their learning experience. Results of the quantitative analysis show very positive perception and satisfaction towards the use of GBL and online escape rooms in all areas and recommend its application in other subjects. Contrary to expectations, there are statistically significant differences with medium effect size according to gender. Women consistently gave higher scores across all items, reporting significantly greater satisfaction, interest, and engagement in GBL and its effectiveness for learning the SDGs. Findings furthermore suggest that GBL may be particularly useful in subjects with high levels of abstract content of which students have little previous knowledge.
... A 2021 analysis of sustainable development in all 193 United Nations (UN) member states led by Jeffrey Sachs summarizes the underperformance well. It concluded that while many countries have climate policies in place and the net benefits on offer are clear, global progress is stagnated and insufficient for meeting 2030 climate and SDG targets (Sachs et al., 2021). This situation exists despite (i) decades of research and practice on developing and implementing adaptation and mitigation strategies, policies and plans (Woodruff and Stults, 2016); (ii) increasing evidence that the costs of inaction outweigh the costs of action (Sanderson and O'Neill, 2020); (iii) increasing clarity on the economic and social benefits of transitioning entire societies and economies towards net zero and climate resilience (United Nations, 2020); (iv) widespread public demand for climate action being at an all-time high (Tollefson, 2021); and (v) growing recognition of the underlying significance of SDG 13 climate action in progressing all other 16 SDGs (Fuso Nerini, 2019). ...
More than 1 degree of global warming has been reached and once projected impacts are now being realized. Despite these impacts and the short timeframe available to avoid further warming, climate inaction remains a major threat to sustainable development. In this article, we bring a renewed focus to the issue of climate inaction. We unpack the systemic market failure that underpins current climate action efforts globally and how by shifting focus to address inaction this could be overcome. We explore how climate policies are inadvertently allowing climate inaction to persist, why this is happening and how to address it. Central to our argument is that climate policies still draw too heavily on a neoclassical development paradigm, rather than reinvigorated industrial policy, resulting in market interventions that fail to address the scale and systemic nature of the climate action challenge. We therefore reorient climate policies towards addressing inaction as a systemic development challenge that demands a stronger role from the government. We conclude by proposing a market systems framework for guiding policymakers to better target the systemic nature of climate inaction and the threat it poses to sustainable development.
... By providing productive jobs for the population at the base of the pyramid, sustainable economic growth is promoted. Microfinance institutions have a significant impact on job creation and entrepreneurship in small communities in Colombia, thereby contributing to the achievement of this goal (Sachs et al., 2021). Importantly, microfinance institutions also indirectly influence the achievement of other SDG goals. ...
Este artículo es un online first (versión definitiva del contenido del artículo, con diagramación provisional y asignación de DOI). Aún no cuenta con páginas definitivas, pero es citable utilizando su código DOI. DOI: Fecha de recepción: 05 de julio de 2023 Fecha de aprobación: 25 de septiembre de 2023 Cómo citar este artículo: Restrepo-Morales, J.A.; Maldonado Gallón, Á.M.; López Tovar, P.; López-Cadavid, D.A. (2023). Abstract This study focuses on the context of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) with the aim of identifying the key factors influencing the granting of credit to Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) and their alignment with sustainability principles. The article aims to provide financial institutions and SMEs with valuable information when making decisions related to loan applications and financial management in general. In addition, the importance of the proper implementation of financial indicators, the level of annual income, the guarantees offered, and economic solvency are highlighted as crucial factors for the approval of loans to SMEs. The goal of the article is to promote a more inclusive and sustainable financial environment, thereby boosting economic growth and productive development in Colombia and especially in small communities. For this purpose, 96 SMEs were interviewed, and an artificial neural network model was implemented to predict the rejection/acceptance of loans to an SME based on the values associated with the proposed independent variables. Regarding the results, the weights in the independent variables reflected that the credit approval of SMEs in the municipality of Santa Rosa de Osos depended on the management of the financial indicators (19%), the annual income (16.4%) and the availability of guarantees (16.2%) and economic solvency (16.1%). The Este artículo es un online first (versión definitiva del contenido del artículo, con diagramación provisional y asignación de DOI). Aún no cuenta con páginas definitivas, pero es citable utilizando su código DOI. results of this study have far-reaching implications for SMEs and the financial sector in general. Businesses need to address implementation of financial metrics, proper accounting, presence of lender guarantees, appropriate leverage, regulatory compliance, and credit history to increase their chances of getting a loan.
... By providing productive jobs for the population at the base of the pyramid, sustainable economic growth is promoted. Microfinance institutions have a significant impact on job creation and entrepreneurship in small communities in Colombia, thereby contributing to the achievement of this goal (Sachs et al., 2021). Importantly, microfinance institutions also indirectly influence the achievement of other SDG goals. ...
Este estudio se enfoca en el contexto de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) con el objetivo de identificar los factores clave que influyen en el otorgamiento de crédito a las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas (PYME) y su alineación con los principios de sostenibilidad. El artículo pretende brindar a las instituciones financieras y a las PYME información valiosa para la toma de decisiones relacionadas con la solicitud de préstamos y la gestión financiera en general. Además, se destaca la importancia de la adecuada implementación de indicadores financieros, el nivel de ingresos anuales, las garantías ofrecidas y la solvencia económica como factores cruciales para la aprobación de préstamos a las PYME. El objetivo del artículo es promover un entorno financiero más inclusivo y sostenible, impulsando así el crecimiento económico y el desarrollo productivo en Colombia y especialmente en las pequeñas comunidades. Para ello, se entrevistaron 96 PYME y se implementó un modelo de red neuronal artificial para predecir el rechazo/aceptación de préstamos a una PYME con base en los valores asociados a las variables independientes propuestas. En cuanto a los resultados, los pesos en las variables independientes reflejaron que la aprobación de crédito de las PYMES del municipio de Santa Rosa de Osos dependía de la gestión de los indicadores financieros (19%), los ingresos anuales (16,4%) y la disponibilidad de garantías (16,2%) y la solvencia económica (16,1%). Los resultados de este estudio tienen implicaciones de largo alcance para las PYMES y el sector financiero en general. Las empresas necesitan abordar la implementación de métricas financieras, contabilidad adecuada, presencia de garantías de los prestamistas, apalancamiento apropiado, cumplimiento normativo e historial crediticio para aumentar sus posibilidades de obtener un préstamo.
... Thailand was ranked 43 in the world in terms of the SDGs Index in the Sustainable Development Report 2021, which was published by a group of professionals including Jeffrey Sachs. This ranking is not a remarkable one, but it is better than those of other ASEAN countries, such as Vietnam (ranked 51), Malaysia (65), Singapore (76), Indonesia (97), and the Philippines (103) (Sachs et al. 2021). As the front runner among ASEAN countries, it is necessary for the government to prepare more concrete plans to present to the international community. ...
Following the currency crisis in 1997, Thailand has employed two different approaches to respond to external shocks to its economy. The first approach aims to construct a strong state that can effectively manage crises and seeks to become a high-income country through industrial upgrading. This approach was manifested in the Kingdom of Thailand Modernization Framework (KTMF) initiated by the Thaksin government. The second approach relies on more flexible social networks, favoring resilience rather than economic growth to ensure social development. The Sufficiency Economy Philosophy proposed by King Bhumibol was representative of this approach.
Tending to avoid extreme thought and actions, Thais have preferred a middle path when pursuing development policies. This is visible in the balancing act between the Eastern Seaboard Projects (typical of Newly Industrializing Countries) and Kosit’s rural development project (typical of Newly Agro-Industrializing Countries) in the early 1980s, and then again between the state strategy of Thailand 4.0 (2017–36) on the one hand, and the World Bank joint proposal for inclusive growth (2016) and the BCG Economy Model (2019), on the other. However, such Thai-style balancing policies have revealed their limitations in the face of structural problems, such as labor shortages due to the aging society and the lack of human resource development in the realm of digital innovation.
... The decreasing trend worsened with the COVID-19 outbreak in 2020. A report released by the United Nations (UN) in 2021 reveals that less than half of countries worldwide allocated only 15% for SDG in their budgets and national recovery plans (Sachs et al., 2021). This significant setback for global sustainable development has resulted in a sustainability gap. ...
Sustainable development goals (SDGs) constitute 17 sets of goals to be achieved by the end of the said year. The SDGs prioritize problems associated with hunger, inequality, climate change, environmental destruction, peace, and justice for a better global future (United Nations, 2018). This study has two objectives, first, to examine the relationship between corporate governance mechanisms and corporate sustainability performance across ASEAN-listed companies. Second, to explore the threshold effect of corporate strategy in a nexus relationship between corporate governance mechanisms and corporate sustainability performance. This study uses 118 companies in ASEAN-5 countries as study’s sample. The period covers from 2011-2020. Both fixed effect model and fixed effect threshold regression are employed to capture linear and nonlinear estimation, respectively. The study validates the female directors and the independent directors on ASEAN boards positively impacts corporate sustainability. Intriguingly, the intervention of corporate strategy will mitigate the low company’s ESG score while strengthening the link between corporate governance and ESG score. This study has practical implications for companies, investors, and regulators looking to in incorporate ESG factors into capital expenditure decisions and reporting.
... Berdasarkan Laporan Keberlanjutan 2021, negara-negara diurutkan berdasarkan skor keseluruhan, yang mengukur kemajuan menuju tujuan SDGs. Pada tahun 2021 Indonesia menempati peringkat 97 dari 165 dengan skor 66,3 (Sachs et al., 2021) Posisi ini cukup rendah dibawah target 100 dan sebagian besar negara di Asia Tenggara khususnya berada di atas peringkat Indonesia. ...
This study investigates the effect of family ownership structure and corporate governance on sustainability performance. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) issue encourages various sectors to be faced with a sustainability orientation. This includes all companies with a family ownership structure that are listed on the capital market. The existence of quality governance as a control mechanism has the potential to maintain the sustainability efforts made by the Company. This study uses a quantitative method with a purposive sampling technique involving basic and chemical industries from companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2019-2022 as research samples with a total of 32 data. The results indicate that the corporate governance can play a role as a control mechanism to encourage the company's sustainability performance. The findings of this study indicate that family ownership structure has no impact on sustainability performance. The existence of the SDGs issue is a trigger for all companies without exception including family companies listed on the stock exchange to implement sustainability provisions.Keywords: Sustainability, Corporate Governance, Family Ownership Structure, PerformanceABSTRAKPenelitian ini menginvestigasi pengaruh struktur kepemilikan keluarga dan tata kelola Perusahaan terhadap kinerja keberlanjutan. Isu Sustainable Development Goals (SGDs) mendorong berbagai sektor dihadapkan pada orientasi keberlanjutan. Termasuk pada seluruh Perusahaan dengan struktur kepemilikan keluarga yang terdaftara di pasar modal. Adanya kualitas tata kelola sebagai mekanisme pengendalian berpotensi untuk menjaga upaya keberlanjutan yang dilakukan oleh Perusahaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan teknik purposive sampling yang melibatkan industri industri dasar dan kimia dari perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia dari tahun 2019-2022 sebagai sampel penelitian dengan total data sebanyak 32 data. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa adanya tata kelola perusahaan dapat berperan menjadi salah satu mekanisme pengendalian untuk mendorong kinerja keberlanjutan Perusahaan. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa struktur kepemilikan keluarga tidak berdampak pada kinerja keberlanjutan. Adanya isu SDGs menjadi trigger bagi semua perusahaan tanpa terkecuali termasuk Perusahaan keluarga yang terdaftar dibursa untuk menerapkan ketentuan keberlanjutan.Kata kunci: Keberlanjutan, Tata Kelola, Struktur Kepemilikan Keluarga, Kinerja
... The socio-economic development of the world's underprivileged people has been a matter of concern to the whole world at least three decades [1][2][3][4][5]. Financial sustainability plays a pivotal role for not-for-profit human development institutes (NPHDIs), as both their capability to serve these people [6] and the very survival and existence of these organizations [7] are dependent on it. ...
The socio-economic conditions of the world’s underprivileged people have been a matter of concern to the whole world for over three decades. Not-for-profit human development institutes helping this sector have financial sustainability as an important issue due to their usual dependence principally on funding from donors to operate and fund their tasks. This research has adopted a two-fold examination method. Primarily, the financial sustainability of the not-for-profit human development institutes working in Pakistan have been investigated by conducting ratio analysis grounded on donor dependence ratio (DDR), and using constructive grounded theory, a FinTech-enabled financial sustainable model, has been proposed for NPHDIs. Results of the initial phase demonstrated a heavy reliance on donors’ funding, with the DDR varying between 91.73% and 100% based on 10 randomly selected NPHDIs working in Pakistan as a sample. Furthermore, four key themes have been categorized during the subsequent phase, which have been articulated collectively to outline the FinTech-enabled endowment—a proposed financially sustainable model. The DDR for the selected NPHDIs have been found to be greater than 25%, so they are regarded as financially unsustainable. FinTech-empowered endowment is considered as an alternative to donor fundings, as such endowments based on social finance can provide income streams that are considered sustainable for these NPHDIs. The overview and implications lead to new knowledge of tackling the biggest challenges of providing sustainable finance to the social sector. This perspective of ethical finance helps to address the issues faced by this world’s underprivileged segment and address the problems of poverty and inequality elimination.
... These findings support what has been reported in previous studies that sustainability reporting variables do not affect company value (Hasanah et al.2023). The results of the research are in line with the opinion of Sachs et al. (2021) in the 2021 Sustainable Development Report, placing Indonesia ranked 97 out of 165 countries with a score of 66.3 points, the same as in 2020, both the ranking and the points obtained. In 2020, the achievement of the SDGs in Indonesia experienced obstacles ranging from simple to serious. ...
This study examines the relationship between the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) report, corporate governance, financial performance, and the value of mining companies that go public. The data analysis technique uses Partial Least Square (PLS). The research data is in the form of annual resport, and financial statements of mining companies listed on the IDX from 2019 to 2022. The scope of the study includes various determining factors such as the quality and level of disclosure of the SDG report, the effectiveness of corporate governance mechanisms, and the combined influence of them on financial performance and company value. The findings show that two determining factors significantly affect the value of a company. SDG reports have a significant positive influence on financial performance but a non-significant positive effect on company value. Good Corporate Governance has a significant positive impact on financial performance but has a significant negative effect on the SDG report and company value. Financial performance, in turn, positively and significantly affects the value of a company.
... As our study shows, the sample of companies includes one company participating in this programme. At the international level, Slovenia is ranked 9th out of 165 countries in the 2030 Agenda for the Sustainable Development Goals Report 2021 [46]. However, according to the 2024 report, it fell two places, ranking 11th out of 166 countries [47], which is still encouraging. ...
Large proportions of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are family controlled and play an important role not only in the development of many national economies, but also have great potential to reduce negative effects of human activities on the natural environment and society. This important role of family SMEs has been recognized by the European Union (EU) which has integrated them in its legislative frameworks. The main question addressed in our research is whether family SMEs integrate sustainability concerns into their strategic and operative decisions as required by the EU legislative frameworks. We designed our research with the purpose to broaden our understanding of sustainability (re)orientation of family SMEs and fill the gap in the existing literature on family businesses’ sustainability. We applied a qualitative case study research method where sustainability (re)orientation of 26 family SMEs was explored. The qualitative content analysis was used in the process of analysing data. Theoretically and empirically based cognitions on endogenous and exogenous drivers of the family businesses’ sustainability (re)orientation were applied in interpretation of the research results. Our findings show the low level of sustainability (re)orientation of most of the investigated Slovenian family SMEs. The exogenous drivers have stronger effect on sustainability (re)orientation of family SMEs than endogenous drivers.
... The decreasing trend worsened with the COVID-19 outbreak in 2020. A report released by the United Nations (UN) in 2021 reveals that less than half of countries worldwide allocated only 15% for SDG in their budgets and national recovery plans (Sachs et al., 2021). This significant setback for global sustainable development has resulted in a sustainability gap. ...
Sustainable development goals (SDGs) constitute 17 sets of goals to be achieved by the end of the said year. The SDGs prioritize problems associated with hunger, inequality, climate change, environmental destruction, peace, and justice for a better global future (United Nations, 2018). This study has two objectives, first, to examine the relationship between corporate governance mechanisms and corporate sustainability performance across ASEAN-listed companies. Second, to explore the threshold effect of corporate strategy in a nexus relationship between corporate governance mechanisms and corporate sustainability performance. This study uses 118 companies in ASEAN-5 countries as study’s sample. The period covers from 2011-2020. Both fixed effect model and fixed effect threshold regression are employed to capture linear and nonlinear estimation, respectively. The study validates the female directors and the independent directors on ASEAN boards positively impacts corporate sustainability. Intriguingly, the intervention of corporate strategy will mitigate the low company’s ESG score while strengthening the link between corporate governance and ESG score. This study has practical implications for companies, investors, and regulators looking to in incorporate ESG factors into capital expenditure decisions and reporting.
This paper evaluates the progress of Indian companies in adopting sustainable business practices, specifically focusing on carbon emissions and research and development (R&D). It aligns with the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 9, which aims to foster innovation, build resilient infrastructure, and promote sustainable industrialization. The study focuses on key targets, including CO2 emissions per unit of value-added, enhanced research and upgraded industrial technology, and R&D expenditure. The research aims to assess company policies on carbon emissions and analyze their investment in research related to this issue. The present research adopted a descriptive research design using secondary data from cement manufacturing companies to analyze the relationship between R&D spending and its impact on carbon emissions from 2017 to 2022. A convenient sampling method was used to select the sample, and statistical methods such as correlation and regression analysis were applied to assess the relationship between the variables. The study has identified a twofold relationship—qualitative and quantitative between companies’ R&D spending and carbon emissions within the framework of Sustainable Development Goal 9. Focusing on cement manufacturing companies from 2017 to 2022, the findings show that increased R&D spending significantly reduces emissions by improving manufacturing processes through advanced technology and machinery. However, the study is limited by the lack of detailed data on specific carbon-related R&D investments, making it challenging to gauge the exact impact. The precise proportion of R&D funds dedicated to reducing carbon emissions remains unclear.
Rapid ribbon development in Qasimabad Taluka, Hyderabad, has resulted in fragmented neighborhoods due to unplanned urban expansion. This study evaluates the critical factors influencing social sustainability in residential communities, focusing on neighborhood connectivity, safety, and green spaces. Employing a quantitative approach, data were collected through quota sampling from 5–7% of government-approved housing schemes in Qasimabad. A Satisfaction Index was developed to assess residents’ perceptions of accessibility, safety, amenities, and community engagement and analyzed via SPSS-22. Key findings revealed severe dissatisfaction: only 19% of private vehicle users reported satisfaction, while over 60% rated pedestrian and cycling infrastructure as inadequate. Green spaces intended for communal use deteriorated, causing a 21.58% reduction in satisfaction. Despite moderate daytime safety ratings (+53.95%), the overall social sustainability index remained negative (−148.61%). This study underscores the urgency of integrated urban strategies—enhancing accessibility, revitalizing green spaces, improving safety measures, and fostering community engagement—to address fragmentation and achieve socially sustainable neighborhoods.
This study focuses on the impact of sustainable agricultural practices on economic growth in Iraq, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, and Egypt, focusing on Iraq and examining key factors such as number of undernourished people (million), prevalence of undernourishment (%), agriculture’s share of government expenditure (%), agriculture value added share of GDP (%), and water use efficiency in agriculture (USD/m3). By applying a fixed-effects regression model to panel data, significant relationships were identified between these variables and GDP per capita. Specifically, life expectancy (β = 0.256), water use efficiency (β = 0.119), and number of undernourished people (β = 0.580) have positive effects on GDP per capita. In contrast, agricultural value-added (β = -0.466) and prevalence of undernourishment (β = -0.474) show negative impacts. These results underscore the importance of sustainable agricultural practices and socioeconomic factors in shaping Iraq’s economic outcomes. The negative effects of agricultural value-added and population undernourishment suggest that current agricultural practices may not contribute effectively to economic growth and must be reconsidered. On the other hand, improvements in life expectancy and water use efficiency demonstrate potential avenues for enhancing economic performance. This study provides critical insights for policymakers balancing economic growth with sustainability objectives, offering practical guidance on designing targeted policies that promote food security and sustainable agricultural development to achieve long-term economic stability in Iraq.
Tujuan penelitian saat ini untuk melakukan perancangan data bank terpadu (DBT) sebagai media perantara guna meningkatkan akselerasi transformasi data saat ini. Regresi linier berganda adalah metode statistik yang sesuai dengan penelitian saat ini, selain itu dipertimbangkan melalui analisis kuantitatif dan uji asumsi klasik yang dilakukan. Maka penelitian ini akan menghasilkan pernyataan (hipotesis) dari responden perihal kebijakan publik saat ini mengenai akselerasi transformasi data. Beberapa variabel independen pada penelitian saat ini yaitu: Data (X1), Strategi (X2), Perubahan Budaya (X3), Mengoptimalkan Proses (X4), dan Teknologi (X5). Sehingga dalam variabel independen tersebut akan menjadi parameter dalam mengetahui variabel apa yang berpengaruh terhadap akselerasi transformasi data. Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil pada penelitian saat ini adalah setiap variabel independen akan menghasilkan hipotesis dan perancangan penerapan DBT nantinya. Selain itu sebagai saran guna penelitian berikutnya dengan mengimplementasikan DBT yang menyesuaikan dengan kebutuhan industri saat ini, maka akselerasi transformasi data meningkat secara signifikan
Artificial intelligence is fundamentally transforming the very fabric of future operating environments. Elements of national power are rapidly changing given advancing technologies, conditions and influences. In terms of great power competition, this forces us to lean ahead into new normals, addressing sustainable US preeminence as both allies and adversaries judge between Chinese financial and economic gains versus US security and political values, all set against the backdrop of aggressive Russian expansion. This chapter first explores different types of artificial intelligence, fundamental drivers and how it is shaping great power competition currently, with a variety of identified risks and opportunities across political, military, economic, social, information and infrastructure domains. Given trends, a horizon scan of underlying operating environment drivers is next performed from a complex adaptive systems perspective. Key drivers include increasing connectivity, compression of timescales, complexity, and uncertainty. These profoundly change the shape, scope and contexts of national security futures with near peer competitors. Complexity frameworks also provide a coherent and comprehensive strategic, cognitive approach to navigating future operating environments through the lens of robust decision making approaches. Finally, this chapter provides some strategic recommendations on how we can intelligently adapt and prepare for change we know is forthcoming.
Під час роботи над досліджуваною проблематикою в результаті теоретичних та емпіричних досліджень було удосконалено та комплексно досліджено: сучасні підходи до забезпечення збалансованості економіки, складові системи збалансованих індикаторів, моделі сталого економічного зростання, - в результаті чого було виявлено сучасні особливості та виклики економічного зростання підприємств. Крім того, в даному дослідженні проаналізовано теоретичні основи дослідження сталого економічного зростання; визначено особливості сталого зростання підприємств в умовах глобалізації; визначено шляхи сталого економічного зростання підприємства, його фінансово-економічні показники, моделі та перспективи; визначено механізм сталого розвитку підприємств; в результаті дослідження функцій малого та середнього підприємства виявлено його сильні та слабкі сторони; визначено фактори, що стримують розвиток та глобалізацію малого та середнього підприємництва країни; розроблено основні рекомендації щодо розвитку та глобалізації підприємств.
The world’s 300 largest pension funds manage assets for more than USD 21 trillion. A strict orientation to environmental, social, and good governance (ESG) in the investment portfolio of pension funds can play a key role in triggering the economy toward a sustainable transition. Can responsible pension plans be an attractive investment opportunity for young people? Since the performance of pension funds depends on the demographic characteristics of investors, other than the financial results of investment portfolios, this study aimed to test the convenience of ESG-oriented pension plans for young contributors aged 20–29 with different risk propensities and attitudes towards sustainability. The analysis was started using accurate data provided by an Italian pension fund, observed from 2012 to 2022. The methods applied were a Monte Carlo simulation of the individual actuarial balances, the expected utility, and the willingness to pay. The results show that ESG-oriented pension funds are convenient for young people who invest in riskier lines. Still, it is sufficient for a light green preference to persuade young contributors to invest in ESG-oriented funds and balanced lines. The results of the study can support pension fund managers in defining and offering appropriate ESG lines suitable for younger investors.
In 2015, all United Nations Member States adopted 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for the 2030 agenda. Addressing the issue of employing alternative data sources for exploring aspects of utilizing said goals, this paper explores the Circular Economy dimension within the SDG12 score, focusing on responsible production and consumption and the broader SDG index. Data from LinkedIn are collected, examining profiles, companies, job postings, and services using the keywords ‘Sustainable Development Goals’ and ‘Circular Economy’. Furthermore, the SDG index (including the SDG12 score) for the United States is integrated in the analysis; SDG is a published metric evaluating the progress of sustainable communities within each state. Finally, data on the past five US general elections are retrieved, in order to explore the relationship between SDGs, Circular Economy, and voting behavior. Regression analyses incorporating PCA components and state election data reveal that the LinkedIn-derived SDG and circular economy components exhibit positive impacts on the corresponding indices. Notably, a state’s political inclination toward the Republican or the Democratic parties highlights contrasting effects on the SDG and SDG12 indices, indicating divergent trends based on electoral choices. Overall, this study underscores LinkedIn’s potential as a valuable source for assessing SDG and Circular Economy position in the US, and highlights the interplay between political factors and sustainable communities at state level.
Plain language summary
Rural development practitioners accredit rural tourism as one of the viable strategies for rural poverty alleviation due to its ability to offer new livelihood options for rural people. This article employs a systematic literature review to present the need to innovate and engender rural tourism as a viable strategy for poverty alleviation in the Southern Tourism Circuit of Tanzania—one of the regions with many rural tourist opportunities that are unexplored and yet to be utilized to transform local peoples’ livelihoods. The impacts of colonial legacy, limited financial capability, policy issues and poor infrastructure are the main factors for the under-exploitation of tourist resources in the southern circuit. Rural tourism assets such as natural, cultural, agritourism/farm-based tourism, and culinary assets available in this circuit still need to be utilized. Innovation and utilization of these rural tourism opportunities could be one of the appropriate strategies to improve residents’ livelihoods. Rural tourism could help to boost individual economies and government revenues and enhance community development. The study highlights the importance of effective collaboration among stakeholders and multisector linkage while putting the local community at the core of rural tourism.
The assessment of a single SDG indicator can track the progress of that indicator, but judging whether the development of a certain region is sustainable requires comprehensive consideration of the impact of different SDG indicators.
The global economy places a higher value on environmentally friendly items; as a result, corporate organisations adjust their strategies and consumer behaviour is also studied. This study is focused on determining consumer shift to sustainable consumer choices in Mangalore City. The study also analyses the factors which influence their trust in sustainable consumption. A total of 209 respondents are selected for the study based on simple random sampling. The results demonstrate that Awareness of environmental impact of single-use plastic has high correlations with Awareness (r=0.251, p0.01). The mean ratings of the factor which contributes towards sustainable consumption were in the range of 4.06 to 3.2 with S.D 1.209 to 0.921. The findings highlight the crucial role of awareness, freedom of choice, and effective communication in driving sustainable consumption practices. The key finding - a positive correlation between heightened awareness of plastic's environmental impact and its influence on product selection - reinforces the power of informed decision-making.
Non-technical summary
Brazil – one of the world's largest biocultural diversities – faces high rates of habitat loss, social inequality, and land conflicts impacting indigenous and local peoples. To challenge that, Brazilian sustainability science and education needs to be strengthened. We searched for elements in ongoing bottom-up sustainability social movements that can help serve that purpose. We found values, contents, and attitudes that, if incorporated into Brazilian sustainability science and education, can assist its transformative potential by reflecting local voices and critically engaging with (often-hegemonic) northern concepts.
Technical summary
In Brazil, a strong sustainability science and education is required to confront ‘glocal’ issues such as zoonotic pandemics and climate change, which are worsened by rampant ecosystem loss and social vulnerability. However, a largely disciplinary university system has been slow to meet these urgent needs. To address if and how dialogical processes with non-academics can prompt integration between distinct types of knowledge, we analyze four bottom-up sustainability initiatives that promote dialogues between science, the arts, religion, youth, and indigenous and local knowledge, and reflect on lessons learnt with movement organizers, scientists, and educators – the authors of this paper. Although sustainability science produced in dialogue with other forms of knowledge is still emerging in Brazil, we find that bottom-up initiatives outside academia can inspire science and education to approach sustainability as wholeness – a state of balance to be fulfilled when reached individually, collectively, and cosmically. We discuss how to approach a transdisciplinary and reflexive attitude in Brazilian sustainability science and education, and highlight its unique contribution to frontier topics in global sustainability debates.
Social media summary
Social movements’ values, contents, and attitudes can inspire transformative Brazilian sustainability science and education.
Sanayileşmenin Batı'da ortaya çıkmasıyla birlikte başlayan kapitalizm serüveninde yol alan ve neoliberal iktisadi politikaları belirleyen ülkeler, başlangıçta sadece ekonomik gelişmeyi amaçlayan bir büyüme sürecini öncelemiştir. Bu nedenle, yüzyıllar boyunca birçok topluluk, toplum ve ülke, üyelerinin maddi refahını sürekli olarak artırma çabası içinde olmuştur. Bu açıdan bakıldığında, maddi refahın artırılması büyük ölçüde, dünya üzerindeki yaşamın temelini oluşturan doğal kaynakların çıkarılmasına bağlı olduğu inancı yaygınlaşmıştır. Bu inanç, ekonomik ve insani gelişme ile ekolojik sınırlar arasındaki dengesizliğin ortaya çıktığını kabul eden “sürdürülebilir kalkınma”nın icadıyla yeniden şekillenmeye başlamış, ekolojik perspektif ise bu durumu sadece bir retorik olarak değerlendirmiştir. Ekolojik hareketler, sürdürülebilir kalkınma kavramını çeşitli açılardan eleştirirken, bu kavramın gerçekten sürdürülebilir olup olmadığına dair literatürdeki güncel tartışmalar; toplumsal ve ekonomik boyutlarını da ele almıştır. Çalışma ile tarihsel kalkınma modellerinin doğal kaynakların aşırı kullanımı ve çevresel tahribat üzerindeki olumsuz etkileri incelenmiş; sürdürülebilir kalkınmanın çevreyi koruma amacına rağmen, ekonomik büyüme odaklı yapısının uzun vadede çevresel sürdürülebilirliği tehlikeye atabileceği konusunda ekolojik perspektifin getirmiş olduğu eleştiriler çeşitli çalışmalarla birlikte ele alınmıştır.
The uncontrolled abstraction of groundwater aquifers in arid and semi-arid regions, such as Iran, can cause serious consequences to these vulnerable resources, including pollution. Therefore, monitoring the groundwater quality in these areas is of great importance. This study aimed to assess the groundwater quality for potable uses and determine the physicochemical properties of groundwater in Fasa Plain, located in Fars Province, southern Iran. To achieve this, 204 well water samples were collected during 2018 and 2019, and their physicochemical parameters were analyzed. The water quality index was also calculated, and the geographic information system (GIS) was applied to produce the numerical spatial distribution of the variables using analytical outcomes. The maps were drawn using the GIS interpolation method with the lowest error. The analysis results indicated that the concentration of all parameters approximately all over the plain in both years was within the allowable range of drinking water according to the World Health Organization. Additionally, the increased rainfall in the second year resulted in an improvement in water quality. The water quality index values revealed that in 2018, 76.05% and 23.95% of the aquifer area were classified as excellent and good quality, respectively. In 2019, these values were 89.62% and 10.38%, respectively. However, there are signs of the vulnerability to pollution by fertilizers and wastewater especially in southern areas of the plain. Therefore, proper management and prohibiting unnecessary utilization of this water resource should be fulfilled to prevent a decline in water quality.
Purpose: Increasing public awareness of social and environmental problems has led to critique of firms, rais- ing questions about their efforts in addressing sustainability. Due to their unique position in the supply chain, retailers have enormous potential to influence sustainable progress through their business models. However, many global retailers have fallen into various sustainability-related scandals. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify activities that retailers are undertaking to address sustainability. Design/Methodology/Approach: Recent reports indicate that Nordic retailers have established themselves as sustainability pioneers. Consequently, this exploratory research is based on an empirical multiple case study, fo- cusing on eight retailers from Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden. This study draws from sustainability re- ports and employs directed content analysis to identify retailers’ activities. Findings: The study identified 44 retailing activities used to address sustainability and revealed that only six (out of 45) sustainable business model design patterns are commonly used by pioneer retailers. The findings illustrate both the common and emerging patterns in retail, and further highlight the areas that are lacking in retail business model design. Originality/Value: By exploring how a megatrend is addressed by commercial actors, this research connects retail business model and sustainable business model literature, proposes a new role for retailers as change agents, and suggests five propositions that can guide traditional retailers on their sustainability journeys.
Ethical norms can create sound normative principles, which must be applied and practised to remain relevant and valuable. In formulating propositions and premonitions, dialectical and interactive ethical methods could be proposed as a practical approach towards recovery and remediation. Consequently, the propositions under reflection take from verifiable ethical possibilities and suggest strategies, new techniques and applications, paradigm shifts, transition methods for both exnovations and innovation, etc. In doing this, emphasis is placed on the fact that possible premonitions in the approach and evaluation of moral situations are to be taken as challenges, chances or opportunities for change and never as ends in themselves with neither options nor choices. In this regard, the leading mantra of approach remains the orientation and mindset towards sustainability, the willpower to ignite concrete transitions and the resilience to translate revolutions into “re-valuation” and sustainability into building “sustained ability” (capacities) in the human person.
When the stakeholder theory challenged the neoclassical shareholder theory, it was a step forward in the theoretical and practical debate about the role and responsibility of businesses in society and how wide the responsibility is. Today, neither of these theories go far enough to explain the responsibilities of businesses in society and neither do corporate social responsibility nor corporate sustainability given the complexity of the business environment in which companies operate and how far they are going, or how far they are pushed, to respond to grand challenges or the opportunities they may entail. The aim of this paper is to provide a theoretical exploration and a critical appraisal of the need for a paradigm shift from shareholders and stakeholders to future successors. This is grounded in a discussion about corporate social responsibility/corporate sustainability, and the relevance of environmental constraints, multilateral sustainability policies and pathways, and needs and requirements of corporate future successors that are important for businesses that want to prosper in the long-term. The findings suggest that forward-looking supranational political and economic unions, intergovernmental organizations, regional and local governments, and leading businesses have moved ahead of theory towards including intra- and intergenerational interests and the natural environment into their policies, regulations, and strategies. In doing so, they even go so far as to grant personhood to the natural environment, thereby recognizing the importance of the natural environment for their own and the prosperity of present and future generations who will be future successors of businesses. Consequently, the implication of the paper is to suggest a new theoretical lens which has a much wider scope than shareholder and stakeholder theories currently do, and a strategic roadmap, emphasizing the importance of future successors for corporate responsibility and successful business operations in the long-term and pinpoint ways forward in doing so.
Energy is one of the most critical commodities of the modern society. The human use of energy has evolved through the course of history. Particularly since the Industrial Revolution of the eighteenth century, the availability of refined and efficient energy resources has been critical to the growth of societies. In the twenty-first century, the international energy scenario is experiencing a profound transition as the world is experiencing a major shift in terms of energy resources and their utilization. In recorded history, there have been two major energy transitions. The first one was a shift from wood and biomass to coal during the eighteenth-century Industrial Revolution, and the second one was the twentieth century transition from coal to oil and gas. The twenty-first-century energy transition is manifested as sustainable energy transition or zero-carbon energy transition. This paper examines the unfolding energy transition in terms of its technological and policy dimensions. It also investigates the prospects in terms of opportunities and the faced challenges.
This empirical study investigated the associations between psychological well-being, job satisfaction, trust in supervisor, and job performance. Data were collected from 277 company employees in Bahrain through online questionnaires and analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The purpose of the study is to examine the relationships between psychological well-being, job satisfaction, trust in supervisor, and job performance through the use of a theoretical framework that synthesizes prominent models in the field of organizational psychology. The research findings indicate a positive influence of psychological well-being on both job satisfaction and job performance. Notably, job satisfaction plays a mediating role in the relationship between psychological well-being and job performance. The study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by offering an integrated approach to examining the intricate connections between psychological well-being, job satisfaction, trust in supervisor, and job performance, which all are crucial for creating a sustainable workplace environment and outcomes. Practical implications highlight the need for organizations to prioritize employee psychological well-being through initiatives such as wellness programs and supportive work environments, as these initiatives directly influence job satisfaction and performance. Job satisfaction acts as a significant mediator, emphasizing the importance of fair compensation, recognition, and professional development in enhancing job satisfaction.
Processing tomato is one of the most important crops in Extremadura region, Spain, since the largest national agricultural production and first industrial processing of this sector is concentrated in this area. In these two production stages, greenhouse gases (GHGs) are emitted, but there is also a capture of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) by the plants and therefore, this study focuses on assessing the carbon balance of this activity in this specific crop area. In this work, the amount of CO2 fixed by tomato plants is evaluated, bearing in mind the production area and tomato cultivars. Subsequently, the carbon footprint is calculated, and finally, the carbon balance is established for each location. Under the conditions of this study, each processing tomato plant annually fixes 0.6090 kg of CO2, and each kilogram of tomato produced allows 0.1905 kg of CO2 to be captured. In contrast, GHG emissions average 0.0338 kg CO2 equivalent; therefore, the carbon balance is clearly positive. Even adding the emissions from the industry to those from farming, the carbon balance of this activity is clearly positive (0.0900 kg CO2 captured for each kg of tomato processed), indicating that processing tomato crops in this area of Spain could more than compensate for the emissions produced.
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