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Da captura incidental de Manta birostris (Chondrichthyes, Mobulidae) em pescaria industrial de camarão-rosa na plataforma continental amazônica.

DOI:10.37002/revistacepsul.vol4.5071-4
Authors:
Israel Cintra at Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA)
Israel Cintra
Kleber de Sá Paiva
Kleber de Sá Paiva
Kleber de Sá Paiva
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Alex Garcia Cavalleiro de Macedo Klautau
Alex Garcia Cavalleiro de Macedo Klautau
Alex Garcia Cavalleiro de Macedo Klautau
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Kátia Cristina de Araújo Silva
Kátia Cristina de Araújo Silva
Kátia Cristina de Araújo Silva
  • This person is not on ResearchGate, or hasn't claimed this research yet.
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Abstract and Figures

A pesca industrial de arrasto de fundo para camarões na costa norte do Brasil tem como espécies alvo Farfantepenaeus subtilis e F. brasiliensis, com absoluta predominância da primeira. Nesta pescaria, acidentalmente são capturadas algumas espécies que constam na Lista Vermelha da União Internacional para a Conservação da Natureza - UICN, com destaque para os elasmobrânquios. Em setembro de 2010 às 16:27 horas foi capturada uma raia-jamanta, Manta birostris. O exemplar era uma fêmea e estava a 42 metros de profundidade quando capturada. Após registro em vídeo o indivíduo foi devolvido ao mar com vida. Este estudo faz o primeiro registro de captura de M. birostris por uma embarcação da frota industrial camaroneira na costa norte brasileira.
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Abstract. Incidental capture of Manta birostris (Chondrichthyes, Mobulidae)
in industrial pink-shrimp fishery in the Amazon continental shelf. Industrial
shrimp fishery in the northern Brazil has Farfantepenaeus subtilis and F. brasiliensis as
targeted species, with predominance of the former. Some species listed in the Red List of the
International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources are accidentally
caught by this fishery, remarkably elasmobranchs. On september, 2010, a female manta ray,
Manta birostris was captured at 42m depth and released back to the ocean after videotaped.
This study is the first record of a capture of M. birostris by an industrial shrimp fishery in
the northern Brazil.
Keywords: Atlantic manta; bycatch; extinction; IUCN; red book.
Resumo. A pesca industrial de arrasto de fundo para camarões na costa norte do Brasil tem
como espécies alvo Farfantepenaeus subtilis e F. brasiliensis, com absoluta predominância
da primeira. Nesta pescaria, acidentalmente são capturadas algumas espécies que constam
na Lista Vermelha da União Internacional para a Conservação da Natureza - UICN, com
destaque para os elasmobrânquios. Em setembro de 2010 às 16:27 horas foi capturada uma
raia-jamanta, Manta birostris. O exemplar era uma fêmea e estava a 42 metros de profundi-
dade quando capturada. Após registro em vídeo o indivíduo foi devolvido ao mar com vida.
Este estudo faz o primeiro registro de captura de M. birostris por uma embarcação da frota
industrial camaroneira na costa norte brasileira.
Palavras-chave: jamanta; fauna acompanhante; extinção; UICN; livro vermelho.
ISRAEL HIDENBURGO ANICETO CINTRA1, ALLEX GARCIA CAVALLEIRO DE MACEDO KLAUTAU2, KLEBER
DE SÁ PAIVA3 & KÁTIA CRISTINA DE ARAÚJO SILVA1
1Instituto Socioambiental e dos Recursos Hídricos, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Av. Tancredo Neves, 2021, Terra
Firme CEP - 66077-530, Belém, PA, Brasil, israel.cintra@ufra.edu.br; ksilva@hotmail.com;
2Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação da Biodiversidade Marinha do Norte - CEPNOR/ ICMBio, Av. Tancredo Neves, 2501,
Montese, CEP - 66077-530, Belém, PA, Brasil, alex.klautau@icmbio.gov.br;
3Mestrado em Aquicultura e Recursos Aquáticos Tropicais, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Av. Tancredo Neves, 2021,
Terra Firme CEP - 66077-530, Belém, PA, Brasil, kleber_paiva2003@hotmail.com.
Da captura incidental de Manta birostris (Chondrichthyes,
Mobulidae) em pescaria industrial de camarão-rosa na
plataforma continental amazônica.
Revista CEPSUL - Biodiversidade e Conservação Marinha (2015) 4 (1): 1-4
NOTA BREVE
A pesca industrial de camarões na costa
norte do Brasil é uma importante atividade e-
conômica e social para o estado do Pará. O ca-
marão rosa é a espécie alvo com predominân-
cia absoluta do Farfantepenaeus subtilis (Pérez
Farfante, 1967) e menor ocorrência de Farfan-
tepenaeus brasiliensis (Latreille, 1817).
A área onde se desenvolvem as pescari-
as fica compreendida entre a foz do rio Parnaí-
ba (02o53’S), no Piauí, e a foz do rio Oiapoque
(04o23’N), na fronteira com a Guiana Francesa,
compreendendo a costa dos estados do Amapá,
Pará e Maranhão. Esta área de pesca constitui
parte de um extenso banco camaroneiro que se
prolonga até as proximidades da foz do rio Ori-
noco, na Venezuela, cobrindo cerca de 223.000
km² (IBAMA, 1994).
O produto das pescarias é dirigido para
o mercado internacional e nacional, na forma
de caudas congeladas, destacando-se como
principais países importadores os Estados Uni-
dos da América e Japão. No período de 1989 a
2000 a atividade gerou uma média de divisas
da ordem de US$ 31,5 milhões (1989/1999),
com um pico de US$ 49,8 milhões em 199-
3/1994, correspondente a uma produção total
de 6.348 t e 5.383 t de caudas, respectivamente
(Aragão et al., 2005).
A pesca industrial de camarão em águas
tropicais é a pescaria que captura a maior
quantidade de fauna acompanhante e
é responsável por aproximadamente 27% dos
descartes globais. O arrasto de camarão é con-
siderado um dos métodos de pesca menos sele-
tivos, pois as capturas incidentais podem con-
sistir de centenas de espécies e superam a cap-
tura de camarão em 20 para 1 ou mais. Ne-
nhum método de pesca apresenta o mesmo vo-
lume de descarte e desperdício dos recursos
marinhos (Eayrs, 2007). Nesta pescaria aciden-
talmente são capturadas espécies ameaçadas
de extinção (tubarões, tartarugas e peixes),
com destaque para os elasmobrânquios.
A raia-jamanta, Manta birostris
(Walbaum, 1792) é uma raia de grande porte
com largura de disco superior a 6 m, reproduz-
se por viviparidade por trofonemas, e exibe há-
bitos pelágicos e migratórios, distribuída em
todos os oceanos do mundo, principalmente
em áreas tropicais (Last & Stevens, 2009).
Muitas populações desta espécie neces-
sitam de medidas de proteção, devido à rápida
diminuição dos seus estoques. O que pode le-
var à extinção por causa da pesca comercial em
vários países (Compagno & Last, 1999; Mar-
shall et al., 2011). A União Internacional para a
Conservação da Natureza – UICN (2011), rea-
valiando o gênero Manta Bancroft, 1829 pela
Lista Vermelha, lista todas as espécies deste
gênero como "vulnerável", uma atualização da
categoria de "quase ameaçada" da lista de
2010.
O Brasil em 13 de março de 2013, por
meio da Instrução Normativa Interministerial
MPA/MMA Nº 02, proíbe a pesca direcionada,
retenção a bordo, transbordo, desembarque,
armazenamento, transporte e comercialização
das espécies, produtos e subprodutos de raias
da família Mobulidae (conhecidas como raia-
manta, raia-diabo, manta-diabo, jamanta-
mirim ou diabo-do-mar) em águas jurisdicio-
nais brasileiras e em território nacional
(BRASIL, 2013) e em 17 de dezembro de 2014,
por meio da Portaria MMA Nº 445, lista M.
birostris como "vulnerável" (BRASIL, 2014).
Um espécime de raia-jamanta foi captu-
rado por uma rede de arrasto de fundo, utiliza-
da comercialmente na pesca industrial de ca-
marões (Figura 1).
Família Mobulidae Gill, 1893
Gênero Manta (Müller & Henle, 1841)
Manta birostris (Walbaum, 1792)
Após anotações da posição geográfica,
profundidade e verificação do sexo e registro
em vídeo, o exemplar vivo foi devolvido ao
mar. A captura ocorreu no dia 17/07/2010 às
Revista CEPSUL - Biodiversidade e Conservação Marinha (2015) 4 (1): 1-4
2 I. H. A. CINTRA ET AL
16:27 horas. As medidas de largura do disco e
peso total foram estimadas ainda a bordo pela
tripulação.
Em terra, por meio das imagens e do
vídeo o indivíduo foi identificado com base em
Marshal et al. (2009).
Material examinado e dados biométri-
cos: Pará: 01°25’40”N, 048°20’60”W (Figura
2), fêmea com peso estimado em 300 kg e lar-
gura do disco de 280 cm, numa profundidade
de 42 m.
O estudo faz o primeiro registro de cap-
tura incidental de M. birostris por uma embar-
cação da frota industrial camaroneira na costa
norte brasileira.
Captura incidental de Manta birostris em pescaria industrial de camarão-rosa. 3
Figura 1. Exemplar de jamanta Manta birostris (Walbaum, 1792), capturado na plataforma continental do
estado do Pará, Brasil.
Figura 2. Localização da captura de jamanta
Manta birostris (Walbaum, 1792), na plataforma
continental Amazônica.
Revista CEPSUL - Biodiversidade e Conservação Marinha (2015) 4 (1): 1-4
Referências Bibliográficas
ARAGÃO, J. A. N., K. C. A. SILVA. & I. H. A. CIN-
TRA. 2005. A pesca industrial do camarão na
costa norte. In OLIVEIRA, G. M. (Org.). Pesca
e aquicultura no Brasil, 1991/2000: produção
e balança comercial. Brasília, DF: IBAMA. 51-
54.
BRASIL. 2013. Instrução Normativa Interminis-
terial MPA/MMA Nº 02, de 13 de março de
2013. Proíbe a pesca direcionada, retenção a
bordo, transbordo, desembarque, armazena-
mento, transporte e comercialização das espé-
cies, produtos e subprodutos de raias da famí-
lia Mobulidae (conhecidas como raia-manta,
raia-diabo, manta-diabo, jamanta-mirim ou
diabo-do-mar) em águas jurisdicionais brasi-
leiras e em território nacional. Diário Oficial
da União, Brasília, DF, 14 mar. 2013. Seção 01,
p. 14 . Disp oní vel em: <h t tp ://
www.icmbio.gov.br/cepsul/images/stories/
legisl acao/ Instru c ao_ n ormat i va/20 1 3/
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ni_mpa_mma_02_2013_proibe_captura_rai
as.pdf>. Acesso em: 05 maio 2015.
BRASIL. 2014. Portaria MMA Nº 445, de 17 de
dezembro de 2014. Lista Nacional Oficial de
Espécies da Fauna Ameaçadas de Extinção -
Peixes e Invertebrados Aquáticos. Diário Ofici-
al da União, Brasília, DF, 18 dez. 2014. Seção
01, p. 126. Disponível em: <http://
www.icmbio.gov.br/cepsul/images/stories/
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p_mma_445_2014_lista_peixes_amea%C3%
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COMPAGNO, L. J. V. & P. R. LAST. 1999. Mobu-
lidae: devil rays. In CARPENTER, K. E. & V.
H. NIEM (Ed.). FAO species identification
guide for fishery purposes. The living marine
resources of the Western Central Pacific.
Rome: FAO. 1397–2068.
EAYRS, S. 2007. A guide to bycatch reduction in
tropical shrimp - trawl fisheries. Revised edi-
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IBAMA. 1994. Camarões norte e piramutaba: re-
latórios reuniões dos grupos permanentes de
estudos. Brasília, DF: IBAMA.
IUCN. 2011. IUCN Red list of threatened species.
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search>. Acesso em: 21 fev. 2014.
LAST, P. R. & J. D. STEVENS. 2009. Sharks and
rays of Australia. Australia: Harvard Univer-
sity Press.
MARSHALL, A. D., L. J. V. COMPAGNO & M. B.
BENNETT. 2009. Redescription of the genus
Manta with resurrection of Manta alfredi
(Krefft, 1868) (Chondrichthyes; Myliobatoidei;
Mobulidae). Zootaxa 2301: 1-28.
MARSHALL, A., M. B. BENNETT, G. KODJA, S.
HINOJOSA-AL V A RE Z, F. G A L VAN-
MAGANA, M. HARDING, G. STEVENS & T.
KASHIWAGI. 2011. Manta birostris. The I-
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fev. 2014.
4 I. H. A. CINTRA ET AL
Revista CEPSUL - Biodiversidade e Conservação Marinha (2015) 4 (1): 1-4
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... Additional data were obtained from the literature that cite, list or describe elasmobranch species off the Brazilian North coast: species available in the literature on bottom trawling (Pinheiro and Fredou 2004;Cintra et al. 2015;Klautau et al. 2016;Lutz et al. 2016; see Table 1B); species recorded in taxonomic works (Lessa et al. 1999;Almeida et al. 2008; see Table 1C); species recorded in exploratory fishing work (Asano-Filho et al. 2005, 2007Fredou and Asano-Filho 2006;Oliveira et al. 2007; see Table 1D); and species recorded in molecular identification work (Carmona et al. 2008;Rodrigues-Filho et al. 2012;Palmeira et al. 2013;Gemaque 2017;Silveira 2017;Feitosa et al. 2018; see Table 1E). ...
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The Brazilian North coastline comprises a total area of approximately 223,000 km2, representing one of the world's most essential fishing grounds. Availability of data on the diversity of fishes caught in the industrial fishery trawlers in the region areusually limited to the commercially important and targeted species. Knowledge gaps on the related marine fish fauna are eminent, which hamper both fisheries and conservation efforts of the local biodiversity. A comprehensive taxonomic list of elasmobranch species captured off the North coast from Brazil through industrial trawl fishery is provided. Trawling operations acting regionally included pinkshrimp and several fish (outrigger trawling) and piramutaba catfish (pair trawlers). Sixty-eigth elasmobranch species belonging to 20 families and nine orders were recorded for this region, according to fish collection, fishery observer and literature data. Thirty-two are by-catch species caught in the local trawl operations, including endemic and rare species as well as four new records and one possible undescribed species of electric ray
View
... Annnually, 12,000 and 5,000 tons of sharks and batoids, respectively, are caught in the Brazilian fishing industry which place the country within the sixth highest sellers of shark meat worldwide (IUCN 2018;IBAMA/MMA 2007;Feitoza et al. 2018). Fisheries statistics from industrial and artisanal fisheries in Brazil and particularly at the North coast, where Pará State is the second in fishing production of the country, are lacking since 2017 (Pinheiro and Fredou 2004;Cintra et al. 2015;Lutz et al. 2016;Klautau et al. 2016), which hampers responsible conservation efforts. Furthermore, growing fishing interests in elasmobranch species of this region is alarming (Fredou and Asano-Filho 2006) as it functions as nursery area (SBEEL 2005). ...
... Additional data were obtained from the literature that cite, list or describe elasmobranch species off the Brazilian North coast: species available in the literature on bottom trawling (Pinheiro and Fredou 2004;Cintra et al. 2015;Klautau et al. 2016;Lutz et al. 2016; see Table 1B); species recorded in taxonomic works (Lessa et al. 1999;Almeida et al. 2008; see Table 1C); species recorded in exploratory fishing work (Asano-Filho et al. 2005, 2007Fredou and Asano-Filho 2006;Oliveira et al. 2007; see Table 1D); and species recorded in molecular identification work (Carmona et al. 2008;Rodrigues-Filho et al. 2012;Palmeira et al. 2013;Gemaque 2017;Silveira 2017;Feitosa et al. 2018; see Table 1E). ...
... Based on the photographs and the specimens examined, a total of 34 species were caught in the trawl fisheries off the North Coast of Brazil between 2016 and 2018 (Tab. 1, Table 1A). Out of these only seven species were previously registered in studies about the fish fauna caught through the fishing trawls (see Pinheiro and Fredou, 2004;Cintra et al. 2015;Klautau et al., 2016;Lutz, et al. 2016, see Table 1B). Two species that were not observed during the present study were listed in these accounts (Table 1B). ...
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The Brazilian North coastline comprises a total area of approximately 223,000 km2, representing one of the world’s most essential fishing grounds. Availability of data on the diversity of fishes caught in the industrial fishery trawlers in the region are usually limited to the commercially important and targeted species. Knowledge gaps on the related marine fish fauna are eminent, which hamper both fisheries and conservation efforts of the local biodiversity. A comprehensive taxonomic list of elasmobranch species captured off the North coast from Brazil through industrial trawl fishery is provided. Trawling operations acting regionally included pinkshrimp and several fish (outrigger trawling) and piramutaba catfish (pair trawlers). Sixty-eigth elasmobranch species belonging to 20 families and nine orders were recorded for this region, according to fish collection, fishery observer and literature data. Thirty-two are by-catch species caught in the local trawl operations, including endemic and rare species as well as four new records and one possible undescribed species of electric ray.
View
... Annnually, 12,000 and 5,000 tons of sharks and batoids, respectively, are caught in the Brazilian fishing industry which place the country within the sixth highest sellers of shark meat worldwide (IUCN 2018;IBAMA/MMA 2007;Feitoza et al. 2018). Fisheries statistics from industrial and artisanal fisheries in Brazil and particularly at the North coast, where Pará State is the second in fishing production of the country, are lacking since 2017 (Pinheiro and Fredou 2004;Cintra et al. 2015;Lutz et al. 2016;Klautau et al. 2016), which hampers responsible conservation efforts. Furthermore, growing fishing interests in elasmobranch species of this region is alarming (Fredou and Asano-Filho 2006) as it functions as nursery area (SBEEL 2005). ...
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View
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Full-text available
  • Dec 2021
Despite substantial progress in mobulid research over the past decade, knowledge gaps in manta ray ecology and behaviour remain, particularly in the South Atlantic Ocean. Opportunistic photographic and video records of manta rays collected between 2002 and 2019 at Fernando de Noronha Archipelago ( FNA ) in northeast Brazil provide evidence to support the year-round use of the region by manta rays (believed to be Mobula cf. birostris) . From a total of 130 sighting records, manta rays exhibited feeding behaviour in 36.9% ( n = 48) of sightings, indicating that the shallow waters surrounding the archipelago are used as feeding grounds. Approximately half of the records (53.8%) corresponded to identified individuals that were re-sighted repeatedly, using the area in different seasons and for several years. Of the compiled records, 69.2% of sightings were of small individuals (≤3 m disc width). All identified males had undeveloped claspers and females had no visible mating scars, suggesting a juvenile population. Despite being limited to a small local sample, here we present the first report of manta rays at FNA and provide preliminary evidence of feeding behaviour by juvenile manta rays in Brazil. This information contributes to our understanding of the regional distribution and habitat use of manta rays in Brazilian waters.
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Desempenho de redes de arrasto industrial no sistema “double rig” para captura de camarões e peixes na costa norte do Brasil
Article
Full-text available
  • Aug 2020
As pescarias de arrasto na costa Norte caracterizam-se por fornecerem uma grande quantidade de pescado. Devido essas pescarias capturarem grande biomassa de camarões e peixes, verificou-se a necessidade de avaliar e comparar a proporção da captura destes recursos utilizando redes de arrasto-duplo sistema “double rig”, sendo uma delas modificada. Os dados foram coletados durante o projeto inovação tecnológica para redes de arrasto seletivas à captura de peixes pela frota camaroneira. Na verificação dos recursos, optou-se avaliar a captura de pescada gó Macrodon ancylodon e dos camarões: camarão rosa Farfantepenaeus subtilis e sete barbas Xiphopenaeus kroyeri. A avaliação da proporção da captura entre peixe e camarões foram testadas para ambas as redes; testou-se ainda, a significância da captura das redes, em relação a série temporal, estimou-se a CPUE (Captura/horas de arrasto/dia) das redes, correlações lineares; normalidade da distribuição e suas diferenças significativas. A rede modificada para captura de peixes, obteve biomassa de pescado superior a rede para camarão, porém capturou uma biomassa inferior de camarões, com proporção de peixes superior, assim cumprindo sua premissa. Diferenças significativas foram encontradas nas séries temporais das redes (T:0,017; p<0,05). Em relação a CPUE, ambas as redes obtiveram correlação linear baixa, distribuições normais; diferenças significativas ANOVA (p<0,05) encontradas apenas para rede de peixes (p: 0,008). Dentre os pesqueiros, o denominado ‘zero zero’ destacou-se como principal área de esforço. Diante das resoluções obtidas no estudo, conclui-se que o uso das redes de peixe (rede modificada) mostraram-se eficazes para embarcações camanoeiras durante o período de defeso do camarão.
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Portaria MMA Nº 445, de 17 de dezembro de
  • Jan 2014
  • 126
  • Brasil
BRASIL. 2014. Portaria MMA Nº 445, de 17 de dezembro de 2014. Lista Nacional Oficial de Espécies da Fauna Ameaçadas de Extinção -Peixes e Invertebrados Aquáticos. Diário Oficial da União, Brasília, DF, 18 dez. 2014. Seção 01, p. 126. Disponível em: <http://
Mobulidae: devil rays
  • Jan 1999
  • L J V P R Compagno
  • Last
COMPAGNO, L. J. V. & P. R. LAST. 1999. Mobulidae: devil rays. In CARPENTER, K. E. & V.
Camarões norte e piramutaba: relatórios reuniões dos grupos permanentes de estudos
  • Jan 1994
  • Ibama
IBAMA. 1994. Camarões norte e piramutaba: relatórios reuniões dos grupos permanentes de estudos. Brasília, DF: IBAMA.
IUCN Red list of threatened species
  • Jan 2011
  • 21
  • Iucn
IUCN. 2011. IUCN Red list of threatened species. Disponível em: <http://www.iucnredlist.org/ search>. Acesso em: 21 fev. 2014.