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Membangun Resiliensi Dalam Gejolak Pandemi
Abstract
Buku ini adalah Proyek Buku Pertama Komite Litbang MAFINDO
selama hampir empat tahun telah dibentuk. Sebagai proyek pertama,
bisa dikatakan buku ini cukup ambisius, karena merangkum berbagai
spektrum. Pada awalnya, di samping merupakan salah satu program
kerja Komite Litbang, inisiatif ini diilhami oleh berbagai kegiatan
yang dilakukan para relawan MAFINDO di berbagai wilayah selama
pandemi. Semangat berbagi dan semangat mengedukasi tanpa henti
menggerakkan ide untuk mendokumentasikan berbagai kisah para
relawan di daerah, dengan harapan agar kisah-kisah tersebut dapat
menginspirasi pihak-pihak lain untuk menjaga semangat, tidak putus
harapan, dan tetap berkarya, dengan memperhatikan aturan-aturan
keselamatan.
Antusiasme kemudian tumbuh membesar begitu ide ini
digulirkan. Mengingat banyak relawan yang aktif sebagai akademisi,
muncul pula ide untuk membukukan karya-karya ilmiah para
relawan. Ide berkembang dengan adanya saran untuk melibatkan
akademisi non-relawan yang selama ini mendukung kerja-kerja
MAFINDO. Sebagian akademisi, baik relawan maupun non-relawan,
lebih suka menulis dengan gaya ilmiah, dan sebagian lain lebih suka
menuangkan dalam bentuk artikel populer. Begitulah kisahnya
mengapa dalam buku ini merangkum tiga bagian yang masing-masing
dapat berdiri sendiri, namun tetap berada di bawah satu payung besar
tema “Literasi Digital dan Infodemi.”Bagian pertama buku ini terdiri dari 13 artikel ilmiah yang
ditulis oleh para akademisi, baik relawan maupun non relawan.
viii
Berbagai isu diselami secara ilmiah, baik berdasarkan riset maupun
berupa tawaran konseptual. Literasi digital sebagai kompetensi yang
sangat penting dalam menghadapi infodemi banyak menjadi fokus
perhatian, baik pada tataran konsep maupun aplikasi. Infodemiologi
sebagai disiplin baru yang baru berkembang juga menjadi salah
satu topik yang sangat menarik dalam buku ini. Disinformasi dalam
hubungannya dengan demokrasi juga menjadi isu yang dibahas
secara eksploratif dalam beberapa artikel. Kesantunan berbahasa
merupakan salah satu positive trait yang telah lama menjadi ciri khas
budaya Indonesia. Aspek ini juga tampak menjadi fokus dalam buku
ini, baik yang dikaitkan dengan media maupun dengan para relawan
ketika memberikan klarifikasi terhadap hoaks. Beberapa tema khusus
seperti dampak pandemi pada pendidikan, kekerasan terhadap
jurnalis di masa pandemi, gejala radikalisasi yang tampak pada
disinformasi selama pandemi juga menjadi isu-isu penting yang harus
mendapatkan perhatian.
Bagian kedua terdiri dari sembilan artikel populer yang
ditulis para akademisi, baik relawan maupun non-relawan dengan
gaya yang lebih luwes. Beberapa inisiatif solutif yang dilakukan
masyarakat selama pandemi menjadi pokok bahasan, baik yang
terkait dengan ekosistem informasi maupun pendidikan keluarga.
Literasi digital dan disinformasi yang masih menjadi masalah bagi
sebagian kelompok masyarakat juga diulas dengan apik, seperti
yang terjadi pada komunitas khusus seperti fandom atau masyarakat
umum. Paparan tentang bagaimana empati masyarakat pandemi
dan bagaimana menyikapi new normal merupakan topik lain yang
dibahas secara reflektif. Ada pula topik khusus yang menyoroti peran
pemeriksa fakta yang sangat penting dalam era big data, atau yang
menyoroti bagaimana narasi hoaks bernuansa keagamaan dari segi
rasionalisasinya.
Bagian ketiga terdiri dari 21 esai bebas yang ditulis oleh para
relawan MAFINDO. Bagian ini memotret berbagai aspek kehidupan
kerelawanan, khususnya selama pandemi COVID-19. Apa saja yang
mereka lakukan, apa yang memotivasi mereka melakukan kerjakerja kerelawanan, kesan-kesan mereka selama menjadi relawan
adalah hal-hal yang tampak di sepanjang bagian terakhir ini. Selain
menceritakan pengalaman kerelawanan, ada pula beberapa bagian
ix
esai yang merupakan hasil refleksi, atau upaya memberikan tawaran
solusi tentang bagaimana menyikapi pandemi dan infodemi. Pada
bagian ketiga buku ini, tampak adanya kecintaan pada bangsa dan
negara, serta semangat yang tak putus dari para relawan MAFINDO
yang diwujudkan dalam berbagai bentuk, dengan tujuan mewujudkan
kehidupan yang lebih baik, baik di dunia nyata maupun dunia maya.
Apresiasi yang setinggi-tingginya kami sampaikan kepada para
kontributor yang dengan sukarela meluangkan waktu menulis dan
memberikannya sebagai bagian dari buku ini. Terima kasih yang tak
terhingga juga kami haturkan pada semua pihak lain yang terlibat atau
mendukung terlaksananya proyek Komite Litbang ini, termasuk para
reviewer, editor, proofreader, layouter, endorser, dan sebagainya yang
tak dapat kami sebutkan satu persatu. Juga kepada jajaran Presidium
MAFINDO, Komite-komite, serta semua relawan MAFINDO di
mana interaksi yang dinamis dan dukungan penuh yang diberikan
memungkinkan karya ini untuk diwujudkan.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any citations for this publication.
Unstructured:
In this issue of the Journal of Medical Internet Research, the World Health Organization (WHO) is presenting a framework for managing the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infodemic. Infodemiology is now acknowledged by public health organizations and the WHO as an important emerging scientific field and critical area of practice during a pandemic. From the perspective of being the first "infodemiolgist" who originally coined the term almost two decades ago, I am positing four pillars of infodemic management: (1) information monitoring (infoveillance); (2) building eHealth Literacy and science literacy capacity; (3) encouraging knowledge refinement and quality improvement processes such as fact checking and peer-review; and (4) accurate and timely knowledge translation, minimizing distorting factors such as political or commercial influences. In the current COVID-19 pandemic, the United Nations has advocated that facts and science should be promoted and that these constitute the antidote to the current infodemic. This is in stark contrast to the realities of infodemic mismanagement and misguided upstream filtering, where social media platforms such as Twitter have advertising policies that sideline science organizations and science publishers, treating peer-reviewed science as "inappropriate content."
Background:
In the first few months of 2020, information and news reports about the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) were rapidly published and shared on social media and social networking sites. While the field of infodemiology has studied information patterns on the Web and in social media for at least 18 years, the COVID-19 pandemic has been referred to as the first social media infodemic. However, there is limited evidence about whether and how the social media infodemic has spread panic and affected the mental health of social media users.
Objective:
The aim of this study is to determine how social media affects self-reported mental health and the spread of panic about COVID-19 in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq.
Methods:
To carry out this study, an online questionnaire was prepared and conducted in Iraqi Kurdistan, and a total of 516 social media users were sampled. This study deployed a content analysis method for data analysis. Correspondingly, data were analyzed using SPSS software.
Results:
Participants reported that social media has a significant impact on spreading fear and panic related to the COVID-19 outbreak in Iraqi Kurdistan, with a potential negative influence on people's mental health and psychological well-being. Facebook was the most used social media network for spreading panic about the COVID-19 outbreak in Iraq. We found a significant positive statistical correlation between self-reported social media use and the spread of panic related to COVID-19 (R=.8701). Our results showed that the majority of youths aged 18-35 years are facing psychological anxiety.
Conclusions:
During lockdown, people are using social media platforms to gain information about COVID-19. The nature of the impact of social media panic among people varies depending on an individual's gender, age, and level of education. Social media has played a key role in spreading anxiety about the COVID-19 outbreak in Iraqi Kurdistan.
The world has faced an unprecedented challenge when coronavirus (COVID-19) emerged as a pandemic. Millions of people have contracted the virus and a significant number of them lost their lives, resulting in a tremendous social and economic shock across the globe. Amid the growing burden of the pandemic, there are parallel emergencies that need to be simultaneously tackled: the proliferation of fake medicines, fake news and medication misinformation surrounding COVID-19. Pharmacists are key health professionals with the required skills and training to contribute to the fight against these emergencies. Primarily, they can be a relevant source of accurate and reliable information to the public or other fellow health professionals thereby reducing the spread of COVID-19 medication misinformation. This can be achieved by providing accurate and reliable information based on recommendations given by relevant health authorities and professional associations to make sure the community understand the importance of the message and thus minimise the detrimental consequences of the pandemic. This commentary aims to summarise the existing literature in relation to the promising treatments currently under trial, the perils of falsified medications and medicine-related information and the role of pharmacists in taking a leading role in combating these parallel global emergencies.
The World Health Organization has not only signaled the health risks of COVID-19, but also labeled the situation as infodemic, due to the amount of information, true and false, circulating around this topic. Research shows that, in social media, falsehood is shared far more than evidence-based information. However, there is less research analyzing the circulation of false and evidence-based information during health emergencies. Thus, the present study aims at shedding new light on the type of tweets that circulated on Twitter around the COVID-19 outbreak for two days, in order to analyze how false and true information was shared. To that end, 1000 tweets have been analyzed. Results show that false information is tweeted more but retweeted less than science-based evidence or fact-checking tweets, while science-based evidence and fact-checking tweets capture more engagement than mere facts. These findings bring relevant insights to inform public health policies.
Coronavirus (COVID-19) is a humanitarian emergency, which started in Wuhan in China in early December 2019, brought into the notice of the authorities in late December, early January 2020, and, after investigation, was declared as an emergency in the third week of January 2020. The WHO declared this as Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) on 31th of January 2020, and finally a pandemic on 11th March 2020. As of March 24th, 2020, the virus has caused a casualty of over 16,600 people worldwide with more than 380,000 people confirmed as infected by it, of which more than 10,000 cases are serious. Mainly based on Chinese newspapers, social media and other digital platform data, this paper analyzes the timeline of the key actions taken by the government and people over three months in five different phases. It found that although there was an initial delay in responding, a unique combination of strong governance, strict regulation, strong community vigilance and citizen participation, and wise use of big data and digital technologies, were some of the key factors in China’s efforts to combat this virus. Being inviable and non-measurable (unlike radioactive exposure), appropriate and timely information is very important to form the basic foundation of mitigation and curative measures. Infodemic, as it is termed by WHO, is a key word, where different stakeholder’s participation, along with stricter regulation, is required to reduce the impact of fake news in this information age and social media. Although different countries will need different approaches, focusing on its humanitarian nature and addressing infodemic issues are the two critical factors for future global mitigation efforts.
In The Death of Expertise: The Campaign against Established Knowledge and Why It Matters, Tom Nichols explores the rejection of experts and the ongoing assaults against knowledge and critical thinking. He notes several influences, including the ubiquity of the Internet, the emergence of a customer satisfaction model in higher education, and the transformation of the news industry into a continual entertainment machine, among others. In this updated and expanded edition, Nichols returns to these themes and he is more alarmed than ever, especially in the aftermath of a pandemic and the outbreak of war in Europe. The rejection of expertise—in which people are hobbled by narcissism and reliant on an overestimation of their own knowledge—is now the foundation for populist political movements. The attacks on science and knowledge have become attacks on democracy itself by an army of ill-informed and angry citizens who are lost in a maze of misinformation, conspiracy theories—and even paranoia.
Developments in centrally managed communications (e.g. Twitter, Facebook) and service (e.g. Uber, airbnb) platforms, search engines and data aggregation (e.g. Google) as well as data analytics and artificial intelligence, have created an era of digital disruption during the last decade. Individual user profiles are produced by platform providers to make money from tracking, predicting, exploiting and influencing their users’ decision preferences and behavior, while product and service providers transform their business models by targeting potential customers with more accuracy. There have been many social and economic benefits to this digital disruption, but it has also largely contributed to the digital destruction of mental model alignment and shared situational awareness through the propagation of mis-information i.e. reinforcement of dissonant mental models by recommender algorithms, bots and trusted individual platform users (influencers). To mitigate this process of digital destruction, new methods and approaches to the centralized management of these platforms are needed to build on and encourage trust in the actors that use them (and by association trust in their mental models). The global ‘infodemic’ resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020, highlights the current problem confronting the information system discipline and the urgency of finding workable solutions .