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Annals of Library and Information Studies
Vol. 68, June 2021, pp. 198-207
Scientometric portrait of Professor Wolfgang Glänzel, an expert in the field of
scientometrics
Behzad Gholampoura and Alireza Noruzib
aDepartment of Knowledge and Information Sciences, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran,
Iran, ORCID: 0000-0003-4418-1117,
E-mail: behzad903727@yahoo.com
bCorresponding author: Associate Professor; Department of Knowledge and Information Sciences; Faculty of Management;
University of Tehran, Iran, ORCID: 0000-0003-0877-1566,
E-mail: noruzi@ut.ac.ir
Received; 12 March 2021; revised: 05 May 2021; accepted: 11 May 2021
Professor Wolfgang Glänzel, an outstanding and leading professor at the University of Leuven (KU Leuven) in
Belgium, received the international Derek John de Solla Price Award for remarkable contributions to the quantitative studies
of science in 1999. During his 37yearsof scientific career, 276articles have been individually or collaboratively indexed
with his name in Web of Science. Thirty five out of 276 papers were single authored by Glänzel, and the other 241
ones were collaborative works. Glänzel’s highest level of scientific productivity with 122 documents was during the
years 2008 to 2017, when he was 53 to 62 years old. Scientometrics was his preferred journal. Glänzel has mainly
collaborated with researchers from Hungary and Belgium, specifically some of the KU Leuven and the Hungarian
Academy of Sciences. For instance, outstanding researchers including Schubert, Thijs, Braun and Zhang are part his
authorship teams. Professor Glänzel has done considerable work in areas such as hybrid clustering, text mining, citation
analysis, bibliometric analysis, scientometric indicators, altmetrics, and others.
Keywords: Scientometric portrait; Bibliometrics; Bio-bibliometrics; Wolfgang Glänzel
Introduction
Scientometrics is the field of study that uses
mathematical methods to measure, monitor and
analyse science, technology, and innovation (STI) in
terms of the quantity and quality. Hess in1997 defined
scientometrics as the “quantitative study of science,
communication in science, and science policy”1.
Researchers and scientists are the most important
pillars of science, technology and innovation.
Evaluating the performance of individual researchers
and scientists and measuring the impact of their
research is the main objective of bio-bibliometric
analysis. This type of study, in which a researcher or a
scientist is scientifically and methodically assessed
using bibliometric techniques, is called "scientometric
portrait", "biographical bibliometrics" or 'bio-
bibliometrics"2. The current study evaluates and
presents the research performance of Wolfgang
Joachim Emil Glänzel.
Wolfgang Joachim Emil Glänzel, more commonly
known as Wolfgang Glänzel in the scientific
communities, was born on April 13, 1955 in
Frankfurt, Germany. He is a full professor at KU
Leuven (Belgium), and serves as the director of the
Centre for Research and Development Monitoring
(ECOOM) at the KU Leuven Belgium. He holds a
PhD in mathematics from the Eötvös Lorand
University (ELTE) in Budapest obtained in 1984 as
well as a PhD in the Social Sciences obtained from
Leiden University (Netherlands) in 1997. Among the
specialized fields thoroughly studied by this
prominent researcher of the KU Leuven Belgium,
‘quantitative studies of science’, ‘models of the
information processes in scientific research’, ‘
theories of probability distributions’3, ‘a model of
scientific collaboration’, ‘national-specific scientific
indicators’, ‘citation analysis’, ‘bibliographic
couplings’, ‘journal classification’, etc. could have
been outstandingly outlined4.
Glänzel is currently the Editor-in-Chief of
Scientometrics and the Secretary-Treasurer of the
International Society for Scientometrics and
Informetrics (ISSI). He has worked as an editorial
board member of the Journal of Informetrics, and he
also served as an Academic Editor of PLoS One.
Glänzel is also affiliated with associations including
GHOLAMPOUR & NORUZI: SCIENTOMETRIC PORTRAIT OF PROF WOLFGANG GLÄNZEL
199
the Hungarian Humboldt Association, the American
Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS),
the Association for Information Science and
Technology (ASIS&T) and the GeWiF - Gesellschaft
für Wissenschafts for schung. In addition, he is a
senior scientist affiliated with the Science Policy &
Scientometrics section of the Library of the
Hungarian Academy of Sciences in Budapest
(Hungary) and was Visiting Professor at the North
China University of Water Conservancy and Electric
Power, Zhengzhou China, Visiting Professor at the
Faculty of Social Sciences at University of Kent
(UK), Guest Professor at the Zhejiang University
(Hangzhou, China), Guest Professor at the Shanxi
Medical University (Taiyuan, China), Guest Professor
at the Chengdu University (China), Visiting Professor
at Dalian University of Technology (China), Guest
Professor at the Wuhan University (China)3.
Glänzel has authored or co-authored more than
6 books and book chapters, and 276 papers published
in prominent journals including Scientometrics,
Journal of Informetrics, Information Processing &
Management, Journal of the Association for
Information Science and Technology, and Journal of
Information Science; as well as more than 60 papers
published in international conference proceedings.
Moreover, he is the peer-reviewer of a number of
leading international journals, and the member of
international programme committee. Glänzel has
made many contributions to the fields of
bibliometrics, scientometrics and science policy.
Moreover, as a member of the International Society
for Informetrics and Scientometrics (ISSI), Glänzel
has lectured and participated in conferences in the
fields of scientometrics, quantitative science studies
and other related areas in Hungary, Belgium,
Netherlands, Austria, Germany etc.
In 1999, Professor Wolfgang Glänzel received
the Derek de Solla Price Memorial Award, or
Price Medal, the highest scientometrics award
for his outstanding contributions to quantitative
science studies5. He also won other honours and
awards such as Junior Scientist Award of the
Hungarian Academy of Sciences.
Numerous scientometric portraits eminent
scientists such as Judit Bar-Ilan6,7,8, B.K. Sen9,
Mahalanobis10, Garfield11,12, Jan Hendrik Oort13,
Mike Thelwall14, Santiago Grisolía15, Nayana Nanda
Borthakur16, Sivaraj Ramaseshan17, Tibor Braun18,
Khoo Kay Kim19, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin20,
Professor Mauro Guerrini21 and others exist. So far,
there is no known portrait of Prof. Glanzel, the
eminent scientometrician. This study attempts to
create one.
Objectives of the study
To evaluate the scientific research performance of
Prof. Glanzel;
To identify the research fields studied and
reviewed by the researcher and to analyse the
publication pattern of the researcher;
To identify scientific collaborators and research
team(s) and to find out and evaluate co-
authorships based on ideational influence
indicators;
To identify the partner countries and institutions
that have played a more significant role in the
development of the researcher career;
To assess the journals in which the researcher
published his documents and to analyze his
most cited documents, identify most used
keywords, etc.
Methodology
The present research was a scientometric study in
which bibliometric indicators and techniques have
been used. The papers published by Professor
Wolfgang Glänzel in the journals indexed by the
Clarivate Analytics Web of Science, during the period
from 1983 to 2020 have been considered for the
present study. Professor Glänzel’s first published
work indexed in the database is of the year 1983.
Using Web of Science’s advanced search, the term
‘AI=A-6280-2008 OR AU=Glanzel Wolfgang’ was
explored in indexes, including ‘Science Citation Index
Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)’, ‘Social Sciences
Citation Index (SSCI)’, ‘Arts & Humanities Citation
Index (A&HCI)’, ‘Conference Proceedings Citation
Index- Science (CPCI-S)’, ‘Conference Proceedings
Citation Index- Social Science & Humanities
(CPCI-SSH)’.
The search strategy led to the retrieval of 276
documents as on 19 February2020. In the second step,
the extracted and collected data were analysed
according to the objectives of the study. Software
such as HistCite, NodeXL, Publish or Perish,
Microsoft Excel and WordArt (online word cloud art
creator: WordArt.com) were used. To analyse the co-
authorship network and scientific collaborations, to
identify the influential co-authors, to find out the
ANN. LIB. INF. STU., JUNE 2021
200
related active and influential institutions, countries,
authors and journals, and to determine the fields
mostly studied by the researcher, NodeXL,
Publish or Perish, HistCite and WordArt were
respectively used.
Analysis
Figures 1 and 2 show that the number of
documents written by Wolfgang Glänzel or published
in his collaboration covered in journals indexed by the
Web of Science. The figures indicate that the number
of his scholarly documents rose from 13 documents
during 1983-1987 to nearly 60 during the period
2013-2017. In other words, the highest publication
rate of this researcher is limited to the years 2008-
2012, and the highest number of his citations are from
the years 2003-2007.
Also, the research impact-related results indicate
that Glänzel was able to have the greatest impact on
the scientific community between 1998 and 2012. In
other words, as the citation fertility for scientific
documents is estimated at least 2 years, considering
the low citations of recent years compared to the
middle years, it can be reasoned that the recent
documents of this researcher may not have had
enough time to be cited adequately, and they would
not have been still being considered or cited by the
scientific community to impact the field(s) or the
community. Therefore, it is reasonable that the
citations of the middle-year works have been more
than those published in the recent years.
Figure 3 implies Professor Glänzel’s37-years
performance in the field of scientometrics. In general,
the entire research activity could be shown in 8 age
periods/divisions. As it could be observed, out of all
the 276 documents published by this researcher,
40 documents (14.4%) are related to the early years of
his career as aged 28-37 years old, 92 documents
(33.3%) of his research outputs are related to his years
of 38-52, and 144 of his documents go back to the
period as aged 53-65 years old. Therefore, it can be
said that more than half (52.7%) of the documents
contributed by this researcher are approximately
related to the same age of 53-65.
During the years 1983-2020, Glänzel has
individually contributed 35 documents (12.6%) as a
single author and has collaboratively published 241
documents (87.3%) as a group member. Of these 241
co-authored papers published, 92 were two-authored,
96 were three-authored, and 38 were
four-authored. Moreover, there are 5 five-authored
papers, 6 six-authored papers, 3 seven-authored
and one, 9-authored papers. In general, 2 and
3-authored papers are more common. Meanwhile,
Glänzel was the first or the corresponding author in
33.19 percent of the group documents, and he has
collaborated in the other 66.80 percent as a co-author.
Wolfgang Glänzel, as a leading inspiring
scientometric researcher, published all his 276 papers
in 40 journals. Figure 4 lists the journals that
published the most papers authored or co-authored by
Professor Glanzel. He published 164 papers in
Fig. 1 — Papers by Wolfgang Glänzel
Fig. 2 — Number of citations received by Wolfgang Glänzel
Fig. 3 — Research trends of Wolfgang Glänzel by age
GHOLAMPOUR & NORUZI: SCIENTOMETRIC PORTRAIT OF PROF WOLFGANG GLÄNZEL
201
Scientometrics. On the other hand, 6163 of all the
8647 citations received by his documents are related
to those published in Scientometrics. It is followed
by the Journal of Informetrics and Information
Processing & Management journal respectively in
which he has published 9 and 7 documents
respectively. Furthermore, the Journal of the
Association for Information Science and Technology
and the Journal of Information Science had 5
documents each authored or co-authored by the given
researcher.
Table 1 presents a list of the 11 most-cited
documents published by Wolfgang Glänzel. Among
these most-cited documents, the article entitled
"National characteristics in international scientific
co-authorship relations" published in 2001 has
received the most citations (399 times cited)
published in Scientometrics. Among Glänzel's 11
most-cited documents, nine of them were published in
Scientometrics, and the two in Library Trends and
Information Processing & Management.
Table 2 and Figure 5 show the network of
Wolfgang Glänzel’s most prolific scientific
collaborators and co-authors. This network is
composed of researchers who have collaborated with
him in at least two articles. As detailed in Table 2 and
Figure 5, Glänzel had most collaborations with
Schubert, Thijs, Braun, Zhang, Debackere, De Moor
and Janssens. This group of researchers is also
observed in the centre of the network and near
Glänzel. Wolfgang Glänzel has respectively co-
authored 68, 58, 46, 21, 15, 15 and 14 documents with
Schubert, Thijs, Braun, Zhang, Debackere, De Moor
and Janssens.
Moreover, Figure 5 also indicate that the research
duo of Glänzel-Schubert from the Hungarian
Academy of Sciences, Glänzel-Thijs from the KU
Leuven, Glänzel-Braun from the Hungarian Academy
of Sciences and Glänzel-Zhang from the KU Leuven
in Belgium and the North China University of
Water Conservancy and Electric Power had most
scientific and co-authorship collaborations during his
research career.
Prominent scientists and researchers were involved
in the collaboration network of Glänzel. Ronald
Rousseau, Henk Moed, Martin Meyer, Olle Persson,
Koenraad Debackere, Judit Bar-Ilan, Bart De Moor,
and Stefan Hornbostel have been observed in the
Fig. 4 — Ranking of the channels of communication used by Wolfgang Glänzel
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202
co-authorship network of Glänzel, those respectively
affiliated with universities and institutes of the
KU Leuven, Sapienza of Rome, Leiden in the
Netherlands and the Elsevier Institute, Aberdeen of
Scotland, Amoe in Sweden, KU Leuven, Bar-Ilan
University of Israel, KU Leuven, Humboldt Berlin,
etc. It is worth noting that some Glänzel fellow
researchers, such as Tibor Braun, Andreas Schubert,
Henk Moed, Ronald Rousseau, Olle Persson, and
Judit Bar-Ilan, were honoured to receive the Derek
John de Solla Price Award.
Figure 6 and Table 3 indicate the most frequent
partner organizations as well as the organizational
collaboration network created or collaborated by
Professor Glänzel. Institutions collaboration for at
least two documents have been presented.
Interestingly, the graphs on Figure 6 and the
analysis of the data presented in Table 3 reveal
that many the researcher's publications were the
results of scientific collaboration with researchers
from the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the KU
Leuven in Belgium.
Furthermore, institutions including the Eötvös
Loránd University, Research Association for Science
Communication and Information, and the North China
University of Water Conservancy and Electric Power
have institutional collaborations with Glänzel.
Reviewing Glänzel’s international involvement or
collaboration in Figure 7 and Table 4, it is seen that
Glänzel mainly affiliated with the KU Leuven in
Belgium, has developed scientific collaborations with
researchers from 24 countries during his 37 years of
scientific activity. Moreover, Glänzel’s scientific
collaboration network reveals that most collaborators
are from European countries, so that he has had the
highest amounts of scientific collaboration with those
from Hungary and Belgium.
Glänzel has collaborated with authors from
Hungary, Belgium, Germany and China in 216, 185,
41, and 33 documents, respectively. Furthermore, the
Table 1 — List of documents most-cited contributed by Wolfgang Glänzel
Title Journal Year
No. of
Authors
Global Citation
Score
N
ational characteristics in international scientific co-authorship relations Scientometrics 2001 1 399
A Hirsch-type index for journals Scientometrics 2006 3 341
Journal impact measures in bibliometric research Scientometrics 2002 2 322
Inflationary bibliometric values: The role of scientific collaboration and the
need for relative indicators in evaluative studies
Scientometrics 2004 3 284
Scientometric datafiles - a comprehensive set of indicators on 2649 journals
and 96 countries in all major science fields and subfields 1981-1985
Scientometrics 1989 3 222
A new classification scheme of science fields and subfields designed for
scientometric evaluation purposes
Scientometrics 2003 2 219
Science in Brazil. Part 1: A macro-level comparative study Scientometrics 2006 3 201
Co-authorship patterns and trends in the sciences (1980-1998): A
bibliometric study with implications for database indexing and search
strategies
Library Trends 2002 1 186
Double effort = Double impact? A critical view at international co-
authorship in chemistry
Scientometrics 2001 2 156
A bibliometric study of reference literature in the sciences and social
sciences
Information Processing
& Management
1999 2 155
On the h-index - A mathematical approach to a new measure of publication
activity and citation impact
Scientometrics 2006 1 146
Table 2 — Research teams of Wolfgang Glänzel
Authors No. of documents
Schubert A 68
Thijs B 58
Braun T 46
Zhang L 21
Debackere K 15
De Moor B 15
Janssens F 14
Chi, PS 11
Liu, XH 10
Gorraiz, J 9
Schoepflin U 9
Rousseau R 6
Czerwon HJ 5
Gal D 5
Gumpenberger C 5
Meyer M 5
Schlemmer B 5
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Fig. 5 — Scientific collaboration network of Wolfgang Glänzel
Fig. 6 — Institutions that have the most scientific collaborations with Wolfgang Glänzel
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Table 4 — Top countries where their researchers collaborating
with Wolfgang Glänzel
Country No. of documents
Hungary 216
Belgium 185
Germany 41
China 33
Netherlands 12
USA 11
Austria 10
Brazil 4
England 4
Spain 4
Sweden 4
Finland 3
Norway 3
Switzerland 3
proximity of Hungary, Belgium, Germany, China, the
Netherlands and the United States to each other as
seen in Figure 7 demonstrates that Glänzel worked in
some of these countries (Hungary, Belgium and
Germany) and had several scientific co-authorships
with researchers from these countries. In addition to
the countries listed in Table 4, further countries from
Eastern Europe, Western Europe, North America,
South America, Nordic countries, East Asia, the
Middle East, Oceania and South Africa are present
among Glänzel collaborating countries.
Ideational influence of a researcher is calculated by
counting the number of citations given to and
received from other researchers22,23. It is important to
determine to what extent a researcher may be
influenced by other researchers’ ideas and thoughts,
and to what extent s/he can influence their ideas and
Fig. 7 — Countries that have the most scientific collaboration with Prof Wolfgang Glänzel
Table 3—Top institutes where their researchers collaborating with Wolfgang Glänzel
Institution No. of documents
Hungarian Academy of Sciences 208
KU Leuven 184
Eötvös Loránd University 19
Research Association for Science Communication and Information (RASCI), (Berlin, Germany) 19
North China University of Water Conservancy and Electric Power 15
Max Planck Institute for the History of Science 11
University of Vienna 9
Dalian University of Technology 6
Wuhan University of Science Technology 6
LHAS 5
GHOLAMPOUR & NORUZI: SCIENTOMETRIC PORTRAIT OF PROF WOLFGANG GLÄNZEL
205
thoughts24. Where a researcher commonly uses the
works produced by specific researchers, there can be
many reasons for such references or citations. Among
such reasons, the reputation of a researcher in a given
field, the closeness of thoughts and ideas of the
referenced and referencing researcher, and the
importance of the referenced works in that subject
area field can be considered the main ones.
As Figure 8 shows, Glänzel has been respectively
influenced by the ideas of prominent scholars such as
Tibor Braun, András Schubert, Eugene Garfield,
Loet Leydesdorff, and Frizo Janssens, and he stands
on the shoulders of these giants based on Web of
Science. On the other hand, citing researchers like
Loet Leydesdorff, Mike Thelwall, Lutz Bornmann,
András Schubert and Ronald Rousseau have been
influenced by Glänzel's ideas and thoughts.
In other words, it can be generally said that an
interaction or mutual influence has occurred between
scientific duos such as Glänzel-Schubert and Glänzel-
Leydesdorff because they have reciprocally read and
cited each other’s works. The interesting point is that
among those who have influenced Glänzel or have
been influenced by him, there are researchers who have
been honoured to receive the Derek John de Solla Price
Award. In other words, four authors (other than Frizo
Janssens) who influenced Glanzel received the Derek
John de Solla Price Award between 1984 and 2003 and
all the researchers influenced by Glänzel thoughts were
also honoured to receive the Award.
Table 5 shows co-authors of Glänzel based on
ideational influence indicators. We reviewed the most
influential researchers with whom Glänzel established
the most scientific collaborations. Based on ideational
influence indicators analysing the data with the help of
the Publish or Perish software, it is observed that
Glänzel co-authorship teams and research groups,
including Bart De Moor and András Schubert,
Bart Thijs, Koenraad Debackere, Tibor Braun and
Lin Zhang, have a better position than others
mentioned. Put differently, Professor Glänzel is of the
most influential, established high scientific interactions
with outstanding peers, in scientometrics with an
H-index of 55, a G-index of 80 and an HC-index of 24.
Fig. 8 — Influential and effective network of Wolfgang Glänzel
Table 5 — Glänzel’s collaborators based on influence of thought influence indexes
Author H-Index Author G-Index Author Hc-Index
De Moor B 37 Schubert A 74 De Moor B 23
Schubert A 36 De Moor B 65 Schubert A 17
Thijs B 17 Thijs B 28 Thijs B 13
Debackere K 15 Debackere K 28 Debackere K 13
Braun T 12 Braun T 23 Zhang L 9
Zhang L 11 Zhang L 18 Braun T 7
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Figure 9 shows the words most frequently used and
repeated in Glänzel studies during his 37 years of
scientific activity. Based on this, it was determined
that words, including hybrid clustering, citation
impact, text mining, core document, h-index,
bibliometric analysis, scientometric indicators,
altmetrics, characteristic scores and scale, price index,
patent citation, bibliographic coupling, mapping of
science, cluster analysis, scientific collaboration,
network analysis, international collaboration, and
other emerging topics were more frequent in Glänzel's
papers. Therefore, it can be stated that the studies and
investigations conducted by this influential researcher
of the KU Leuven Belgium, have mainly focused on
such topics or themes over the years.
Conclusion
Scientometric portraits and biographical
bibliometrics are enlightening and inspirational
because they can show the progression of a
researcher's career. Based on this scientometric
portrait of Professor Wolfgang Glänzel, it can be
concluded that he is a collaborative researcher with
strong scholarly communication and co-authorship,
collaborating with over 100 researchers from different
countries, especially from Europe. He has been
influenced by prominent researchers in the field of
scientometrics and has influenced scientometricians.
His research career can be considered as a role model
for junior researchers. He received the Derek de Solla
Price Memorial Award, the Junior Scientist Award of
the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and other
awards; but he never stopped his research and
academic writing. For example, he published more
than 65 percent of his publications in the years 2008-
2017 as aged 53 to 62 years old. He has contributed
substantially to develop scientific knowledge and
enrich the quantitative field of metrics (information
metrics), especially bibliometrics, scientometrics and
quantitative studies in science.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank the anonymous
reviewers for their helpful comments. This study was
done in honour of Professor Wolfgang Glänzel.
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