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This study examines some cases of heteroclisis in the history of Romanian dialects, and concludes that the data call for a reconsideration of Stump’s distinction (Language 82:279–322, 2006) between ‘cloven’ heteroclisis, where the intraparadigmatic ‘split’ is aligned with some morphosyntactic feature distinction, and ‘fractured’ heteroclisis, where this is not the case and the pattern of heteroclisis is purely morphological. Stump’s account creates the impression that the ‘cloven’ variety is universally predominant, and that the ‘fractured’ variety tends to follow very closely the available ‘cloven’ patterns of the language. I shall suggest, instead, that the ‘fractured-only’ situation may in fact underlie heteroclisis cross-linguistically, the phenomenon being in general sensitive not directly to morphosyntactic content, but rather to characteristic, and often purely ‘morphomic’, patterns of stem-allomorphy.
Article
This historiographical article discusses the development of "normalised Old Norse" and how this depended on the understanding of diachronic change and geographic variation within the West Nordic language area. The stable norm of grammars, dictionaries, text editions and introductory books is presented as the common language of Norway and the Atlantic islands during the Middle Ages, yet resembles most closely Icelandic c. 1200 CE. The standard orthography evolved through theory (historical linguistics) and practice (text editions) during the nineteenth century. The resulting norm depended on a historical preference for the oldest language of the "best" manuscripts, i.e. Icelandic ones from the early thirteenth century, albeit with due consideration of Modern Icelandic spelling. The ideological background was the general historicism of the nineteenth century, especially as expressed in historical and historicising linguistics.
Barlaams saga ok Jósaphats
  • Barl
Barl. = Barlaams saga ok Jósaphats. Ed. by Rudolf Keyser & Carl R. Unger (1851). Christiania: Feilberg & Landmark. In: Fritzner. 1954 [1886-1896].
Efter svenska handskrifter
  • Di
  • Sagan Om Didrik Af Bern
Di. = Sagan om Didrik af Bern. Efter svenska handskrifter. Ed. by Gunnar O. Hyltén-Cavallius (1850-1854). Stockholm: Norstedt.
Þiðriks saga af Bern
  • Didr
Didr. = Þiðriks saga af Bern. Ed. by Språksamlingane. In: Medieval Nordic Text Archive.
Prosper's Epigrams, Gregory's Homilies on the Gospels, Gregory's Dialogues
  • Greg De
Greg. = De xii abusivis saeculi, Prosper's Epigrams, Gregory's Homilies on the Gospels, Gregory's Dialogues. Ed. by Andrea de Leeuw van Weenen. In: Medieval Nordic Text Archive.
Copenhagen: Kongelige nordiske oldskriftselskab
  • Gunl
  • Gunnlaugi Sagan Af Hrafni Ok
  • Ormstunga
Gunl. = Sagan af Hrafni ok Gunnlaugi Ormstunga, Íslendinga sögur II. Ed. by Jón Sigurðsson, Konráður Gíslason & E. Jónsson (1843). Copenhagen: Kongelige nordiske oldskriftselskab. In: Fritzner 1954 [1886-1896].
Edda Snorra Sturlusonar
  • Gyl
  • Gylfaginning
Gyl. = Gylfaginning, Edda Snorra Sturlusonar. Ed. by Finnur Jónsson (1907). Reykjavík: S. Kristjánsson.
= Saga Hákonar góða, Heimskringla Snorra Sturlusonar
  • Hák
  • Hkr
Hák. Hkr. = Saga Hákonar góða, Heimskringla Snorra Sturlusonar. Ed. by N. Linder & H. A. Haggson (1868). Uppsala: W. Schultz.
= Haralds saga hins hárfagra, Heimskringla Snorra Sturlusonar
  • Hh Hkr
HH Hkr. = Haralds saga hins hárfagra, Heimskringla Snorra Sturlusonar. Ed. by N. Linder & H. A. Haggson (1869). Uppsala: W. Schultz.
Karlamagnus saga ok kappa hans
  • Klm
Klm. = Karlamagnus saga ok kappa hans. Ed. by Carl R. Unger (1860). Christiania: H. J. Jensen. In: Fritzner 1954 [1886-1896].
Ett forn-svenskt legendarium: innehållande medeltids kloster-sagor om helgon, påfvar och kejsare ifrån det I:sta till det XIII:de århundradet. Efter gamla handskrifter
  • Lg
Lg. = Ett forn-svenskt legendarium: innehållande medeltids kloster-sagor om helgon, påfvar och kejsare ifrån det I:sta till det XIII:de århundradet. Efter gamla handskrifter. Ed. by George Stephens (1847-1874). Stockholm: Norstedt.
= Möttuls saga, Versiones nordiques du fabliau français
  • Mött
Mött. = Möttuls saga, Versiones nordiques du fabliau français. "Le mantel mautaillié". Ed. by Gustaf Cederschiöld & Fredrik A. Wulff (1877). Lund: Berling.
= Saga Ólafs hins helga, Heimskringla Snorra Sturlusonar
  • Oh Hkr
OH Hkr. = Saga Ólafs hins helga, Heimskringla Snorra Sturlusonar. Ed. by N. Linder & H. A. Haggson (1869). Uppsala: W. Schultz.
Reykjavík: Íslendingasagnaútgáfan
  • Ot
  • Ólafs
  • Tryggvasonar
OT. = Ólafs saga Tryggvasonar, Konunga sögur I. Ed. by Guðni Jónsson (1957). Reykjavík: Íslendingasagnaútgáfan.
Íslenzkar fornsögur I. Ed. by Guðmundr Þorláksson (1880)
  • Vígagl
  • Vígaglums Saga
Vígagl. = Vígaglums saga, Íslenzkar fornsögur I. Ed. by Guðmundr Þorláksson (1880). Copenhagen: S. L. Möllers. In: Fritzner 1954 [1886-1896].
= Ynglinga saga, Heimskringla Snorra Sturlusonar
  • Yng
  • Hkr
Yng. Hkr. = Ynglinga saga, Heimskringla Snorra Sturlusonar. Ed. by N. Linder & H. A. Haggson (1869). Uppsala: W. Schultz.
The Nordic Languages
  • Oskar Bandle
Bandle, Oskar et al. (2002-2005). The Nordic Languages. Ed. by Oskar Bandle et al. 2 vols. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
Inherent versus contextual inflection and the split morphology hypothesis
  • Geert E Booij
Booij, Geert E. (1996). "Inherent versus contextual inflection and the split morphology hypothesis". In: Yearbook of Morphology 1995. Ed. by Geert Booij & Jaap van Marle. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1-16.
Gammeldansk Grammatik i sproghistorisk fremstilling: IV: Adjektiver, adverbier, numeralier
  • Brøndum-Nielsen
Brøndum-Nielsen, Johs (1962). Gammeldansk Grammatik i sproghistorisk fremstilling: IV: Adjektiver, adverbier, numeralier. København: J.H. Schultz.
Article 104: The morphology of Old Nordic II: Old Swedish and Old Danish
  • Lars-Olof Delsing
Delsing, Lars-Olof (2002). "Article 104: The morphology of Old Nordic II: Old Swedish and Old Danish". In: Bandle et al., vol 1, 926-940.
Prøveframstilling av gammelnorsk bøyingslaere. Unpublished manuscript
  • Jon Erik Hagen
Hagen, Jon Erik (1980). Prøveframstilling av gammelnorsk bøyingslaere. Unpublished manuscript. University of Bergen.
Grunnbok i norrønt språk
  • Odd Haugen
  • Einar
Haugen, Odd Einar (1995). Grunnbok i norrønt språk. 2nd edn. Oslo: Gyldendal.
Article 103: The morphology of Old Nordic I: Old Icelandic and Old Norwegian
  • Kristian Emil Kristoffersen
Kristoffersen, Kristian Emil (2002). "Article 103: The morphology of Old Nordic I: Old Icelandic and Old Norwegian". In: Bandle et al., vol 1, 911-925.
Komparativens yttergrenser
  • Svein Lie
Lie, Svein (1996). "Komparativens yttergrenser". In: The Nordic languages and modern linguistics 9. Proceedings of the ninth International Conference of Nordic and General Linguistics, University of Oslo, January 11-12, 1995. Ed. by Kjartan G. Ottosson, Ruth V. Fjeld & Arne Torp. Oslo: Novus, 168-177.
Adjektivets komparation i svenskan: En semantisk beskrivning
  • Carl-Erik Lundbladh
Lundbladh, Carl-Erik (1988). Adjektivets komparation i svenskan: En semantisk beskrivning. Lund: Lund UP.
Medieval Nordic Text Archive
  • Menota
Menota. Medieval Nordic Text Archive. Bergen, 2008. <http://clarino.uib.no/menota/page>.
Article 126: Morphological developments from Old Nordic to Early Modern Nordic
  • Endre Mørck
Mørck, Endre (2005). "Article 126: Morphological developments from Old Nordic to Early Modern Nordic". In: Bandle et al., vol 2, 1128-1149.
Altnordische Grammatik II: Altschwedische Grammatik mit Einschluss des Altgutnischen
  • Adolf Noreen
Noreen, Adolf (1904). Altnordische Grammatik II: Altschwedische Grammatik mit Einschluss des Altgutnischen. Halle [an der Saale]: Max Niemeyer.
Norrøn syntax. Kristiania: Aschehoug
  • Marius Nygaard
Nygaard, Marius (1905). Norrøn syntax. Kristiania: Aschehoug. [Reprinted Oslo 1966.]
Ordbok över svenska medeltids-språket
  • Knut Söderwall
Söderwall, Knut (1884-1973). Ordbok över svenska medeltids-språket. Lund: Berling.
Adnominal and adverbal genitive constructions in Old Norse: a cognitive construction grammar account
  • Ellen Toft
  • Hellebostad
Toft, Ellen Hellebostad (2009). Adnominal and adverbal genitive constructions in Old Norse: a cognitive construction grammar account. Ph.D. Dissertation, Univ. of Oslo.
Article 112: Translations and interference by translation in Old Nordic II: Old Swedish and Old Danish
  • Lars Wollin
Wollin, Lars (2002). "Article 112: Translations and interference by translation in Old Nordic II: Old Swedish and Old Danish". In: Bandle et al., vol 1, 1005-1014. Berlin: de Gruyter.