This study examines some cases of heteroclisis in the history of Romanian dialects, and concludes that the data call for a
reconsideration of Stump’s distinction (Language 82:279–322, 2006) between ‘cloven’ heteroclisis, where the intraparadigmatic
‘split’ is aligned with some morphosyntactic feature distinction, and ‘fractured’ heteroclisis, where this is not the case
and the pattern of heteroclisis is purely morphological. Stump’s account creates the impression that the ‘cloven’ variety
is universally predominant, and that the ‘fractured’ variety tends to follow very closely the available ‘cloven’ patterns
of the language. I shall suggest, instead, that the ‘fractured-only’ situation may in fact underlie heteroclisis cross-linguistically,
the phenomenon being in general sensitive not directly to morphosyntactic content, but rather to characteristic, and often
purely ‘morphomic’, patterns of stem-allomorphy.
This historiographical article discusses the development of "normalised Old Norse" and how this depended on the understanding of diachronic change and geographic variation within the West Nordic language area. The stable norm of grammars, dictionaries, text editions and introductory books is presented as the common language of Norway and the Atlantic islands during the Middle Ages, yet resembles most closely Icelandic c. 1200 CE. The standard orthography evolved through theory (historical linguistics) and practice (text editions) during the nineteenth century. The resulting norm depended on a historical preference for the oldest language of the "best" manuscripts, i.e. Icelandic ones from the early thirteenth century, albeit with due consideration of Modern Icelandic spelling. The ideological background was the general historicism of the nineteenth century, especially as expressed in historical and historicising linguistics.
Barlaams saga ok Jósaphats
Jan 1851
1886-1896
Barl
Barl. = Barlaams saga ok Jósaphats. Ed. by Rudolf Keyser & Carl R. Unger (1851). Christiania:
Feilberg & Landmark. In: Fritzner. 1954 [1886-1896].
Efter svenska handskrifter
1850-1854
Di
Sagan Om Didrik Af Bern
Di. = Sagan om Didrik af Bern. Efter svenska handskrifter. Ed. by Gunnar O. Hyltén-Cavallius
(1850-1854). Stockholm: Norstedt.
Þiðriks saga af Bern
Didr
Didr. = Þiðriks saga af Bern. Ed. by Språksamlingane. In: Medieval Nordic Text Archive.
Prosper's Epigrams, Gregory's Homilies on the Gospels, Gregory's Dialogues
Greg De
Greg. = De xii abusivis saeculi, Prosper's Epigrams, Gregory's Homilies on the Gospels, Gregory's
Dialogues. Ed. by Andrea de Leeuw van Weenen. In: Medieval Nordic Text Archive.
Copenhagen: Kongelige nordiske oldskriftselskab
Jan 1843
Gunl
Gunnlaugi Sagan Af Hrafni Ok
Ormstunga
Gunl. = Sagan af Hrafni ok Gunnlaugi Ormstunga, Íslendinga sögur II. Ed. by Jón Sigurðsson,
Konráður Gíslason & E. Jónsson (1843). Copenhagen: Kongelige nordiske oldskriftselskab. In: Fritzner 1954 [1886-1896].
Edda Snorra Sturlusonar
Jan 1907
Gyl
Gylfaginning
Gyl. = Gylfaginning, Edda Snorra Sturlusonar. Ed. by Finnur Jónsson (1907). Reykjavík: S.
Kristjánsson.
Hák. Hkr. = Saga Hákonar góða, Heimskringla Snorra Sturlusonar. Ed. by N. Linder & H. A. Haggson
(1868). Uppsala: W. Schultz.
= Haralds saga hins hárfagra, Heimskringla Snorra Sturlusonar
Jan 1869
Hh Hkr
HH Hkr. = Haralds saga hins hárfagra, Heimskringla Snorra Sturlusonar. Ed. by N. Linder & H. A.
Haggson (1869). Uppsala: W. Schultz.
Karlamagnus saga ok kappa hans
Jan 1860
1886-1896
Klm
Klm. = Karlamagnus saga ok kappa hans. Ed. by Carl R. Unger (1860). Christiania: H. J. Jensen. In:
Fritzner 1954 [1886-1896].
Ett forn-svenskt legendarium: innehållande medeltids kloster-sagor om helgon, påfvar och kejsare ifrån det I:sta till det XIII:de århundradet. Efter gamla handskrifter
1847-1874
Lg
Lg. = Ett forn-svenskt legendarium: innehållande medeltids kloster-sagor om helgon, påfvar och
kejsare ifrån det I:sta till det XIII:de århundradet. Efter gamla handskrifter. Ed. by George
Stephens (1847-1874). Stockholm: Norstedt.
= Möttuls saga, Versiones nordiques du fabliau français
Jan 1877
Mött
Mött. = Möttuls saga, Versiones nordiques du fabliau français. "Le mantel mautaillié". Ed. by Gustaf
Cederschiöld & Fredrik A. Wulff (1877). Lund: Berling.
= Saga Ólafs hins helga, Heimskringla Snorra Sturlusonar
Jan 1869
Oh Hkr
OH Hkr. = Saga Ólafs hins helga, Heimskringla Snorra Sturlusonar. Ed. by N. Linder & H. A. Haggson
(1869). Uppsala: W. Schultz.
Reykjavík: Íslendingasagnaútgáfan
Jan 1957
Ot
Ólafs
Tryggvasonar
OT. = Ólafs saga Tryggvasonar, Konunga sögur I. Ed. by Guðni Jónsson (1957). Reykjavík: Íslendingasagnaútgáfan.
Íslenzkar fornsögur I. Ed. by Guðmundr Þorláksson (1880)
1886-1896
Vígagl
Vígaglums Saga
Vígagl. = Vígaglums saga, Íslenzkar fornsögur I. Ed. by Guðmundr Þorláksson (1880). Copenhagen:
S. L. Möllers. In: Fritzner 1954 [1886-1896].
= Ynglinga saga, Heimskringla Snorra Sturlusonar
Jan 1869
Yng
Hkr
Yng. Hkr. = Ynglinga saga, Heimskringla Snorra Sturlusonar. Ed. by N. Linder & H. A. Haggson
(1869). Uppsala: W. Schultz.
The Nordic Languages
Jan 2002
Oskar Bandle
Bandle, Oskar et al. (2002-2005). The Nordic Languages. Ed. by Oskar Bandle et al. 2 vols. Berlin:
Walter de Gruyter.
Inherent versus contextual inflection and the split morphology hypothesis
Jan 1995
1-16
Geert E Booij
Booij, Geert E. (1996). "Inherent versus contextual inflection and the split morphology hypothesis".
In: Yearbook of Morphology 1995. Ed. by Geert Booij & Jaap van Marle. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1-16.
Gammeldansk Grammatik i sproghistorisk fremstilling: IV: Adjektiver, adverbier, numeralier
Article 104: The morphology of Old Nordic II: Old Swedish and Old Danish
Jan 2002
926-940
Lars-Olof Delsing
Delsing, Lars-Olof (2002). "Article 104: The morphology of Old Nordic II: Old Swedish and Old
Danish". In: Bandle et al., vol 1, 926-940.
Prøveframstilling av gammelnorsk bøyingslaere. Unpublished manuscript
Jan 1980
Jon Erik Hagen
Hagen, Jon Erik (1980). Prøveframstilling av gammelnorsk bøyingslaere. Unpublished manuscript.
University of Bergen.
Grunnbok i norrønt språk
Jan 1995
Odd Haugen
Einar
Haugen, Odd Einar (1995). Grunnbok i norrønt språk. 2nd edn. Oslo: Gyldendal.
Article 103: The morphology of Old Nordic I: Old Icelandic and Old Norwegian
Jan 2002
911-925
Kristian Emil Kristoffersen
Kristoffersen, Kristian Emil (2002). "Article 103: The morphology of Old Nordic I: Old Icelandic and
Old Norwegian". In: Bandle et al., vol 1, 911-925.
Komparativens yttergrenser
Jan 1995
168-177
Svein Lie
Lie, Svein (1996). "Komparativens yttergrenser". In: The Nordic languages and modern linguistics 9.
Proceedings of the ninth International Conference of Nordic and General Linguistics, University
of Oslo, January 11-12, 1995. Ed. by Kjartan G. Ottosson, Ruth V. Fjeld & Arne Torp. Oslo: Novus,
168-177.
Adjektivets komparation i svenskan: En semantisk beskrivning
Jan 1988
Carl-Erik Lundbladh
Lundbladh, Carl-Erik (1988). Adjektivets komparation i svenskan: En semantisk beskrivning. Lund:
Lund UP.
Medieval Nordic Text Archive
Jan 2008
Menota
Menota. Medieval Nordic Text Archive. Bergen, 2008. <http://clarino.uib.no/menota/page>.
Article 126: Morphological developments from Old Nordic to Early Modern Nordic
Jan 2005
1128-1149
Endre Mørck
Mørck, Endre (2005). "Article 126: Morphological developments from Old Nordic to Early Modern
Nordic". In: Bandle et al., vol 2, 1128-1149.
Altnordische Grammatik II: Altschwedische Grammatik mit Einschluss des Altgutnischen
Jan 1904
Adolf Noreen
Noreen, Adolf (1904). Altnordische Grammatik II: Altschwedische Grammatik mit Einschluss des
Altgutnischen. Halle [an der Saale]: Max Niemeyer.
Norrøn syntax. Kristiania: Aschehoug
Jan 1905
Marius Nygaard
Nygaard, Marius (1905). Norrøn syntax. Kristiania: Aschehoug. [Reprinted Oslo 1966.]
Ordbok över svenska medeltids-språket
1884-1973
Knut Söderwall
Söderwall, Knut (1884-1973). Ordbok över svenska medeltids-språket. Lund: Berling.
Adnominal and adverbal genitive constructions in Old Norse: a cognitive construction grammar account
Jan 2009
Ellen Toft
Hellebostad
Toft, Ellen Hellebostad (2009). Adnominal and adverbal genitive constructions in Old Norse: a
cognitive construction grammar account. Ph.D. Dissertation, Univ. of Oslo.
Article 112: Translations and interference by translation in Old Nordic II: Old Swedish and Old Danish
Jan 2002
1005-1014
Lars Wollin
Wollin, Lars (2002). "Article 112: Translations and interference by translation in Old Nordic II: Old
Swedish and Old Danish". In: Bandle et al., vol 1, 1005-1014. Berlin: de Gruyter.