Conference PaperPDF Available

Récits et résilience : faire sens des changements environnementaux à Ittoqqortoormiit (Groenland)

  • May 2021
  • Conference: 17ème Journée Scientifique du CNFRA.
  • At: Maison des Océans – Paris
Authors:
Tanguy Sandré at Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin
Tanguy Sandré
Jean-Paul Vanderlinden at Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin
Jean-Paul Vanderlinden
Jeanne Gherardi at Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin
Jeanne Gherardi
Jean-Michel Huctin at Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin
Jean-Michel Huctin
Download full-text PDFDownload full-text PDF
Read full-text
Download citation

Abstract

Résumé. Le concept de résilience, par-delà de sa fluidité disciplinaire et de son caractère polysémique, nécessite d’être articulé avec les savoirs, les expériences, les valeurs et les aspirations qui font sens localement. Ma présentation vise à défendre qu’une approche centrée sur les récits est capable de mettre en exergue ces savoirs, expériences, valeurs et aspirations, ceci en s’appuyant sur les chocs, les changements et leurs rémanences qui sont constitutifs d’une définition localisée de la résilience. Prenant place à Ittoqqortoormiit, à l’Est du Groenland, mes recherches - qui s'inscrivent dans le cadre du projet SeMPER-Arctic - visent à mettre en dialogue ces récits locaux et les récits scientifiques portés sur la région. Ces récits pluriels ne sont pas imperméables mais se croisent, s’entrechoquent voire s’hybrident, de telle manière qu’ils agissent sur les capacités d’action et sur l’identité des communautés. L'approche proposée permet simultanément de préciser le déploiement de concepts sur des terrains dont ils ne sont pas issus, et d'améliorer leur potentiel opératoire. Mots-clés : Résilience, Récits, Groenland, Changements environnementaux. Abstract. The concept of resilience, beyond its disciplinary fluidity and a polysemic dimension, needs to be articulated with the knowledge, experiences, values and aspirations that make sense locally. My presentation aims to argue that a narrative-centred approach allow to put the emphasis on these knowledges, experiences, values and aspirations, drawing on the shocks, changes and their aftermath that are constitutive of a localised definition of resilience. Taking place in Ittoqqortoormiit, East Greenland, my research - which is part of the SeMPER-Arctic project - aims to put these local narratives into dialogue with scientific narratives about the region. These plural narratives are not impermeable but are intertwined, competitive and/or hybridized in such a way that they affect communities agency and identity. The suggested approach simultaneously makes it possible to clarify the deployment of external concepts to improve their operational potential. Keywords : Resilience, Narratives, Greenland, Environmental Changes.
210527_cnfr
a_ppt1.pdf
Content uploaded by Tanguy Sandré
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by Tanguy Sandré on May 27, 2021
Content may be subject to copyright.
210527_cnf
ra_txt.pdf
Content uploaded by Tanguy Sandré
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by Tanguy Sandré on May 27, 2021
Content may be subject to copyright.
Récits et résilience : faire sens des
changements environnementaux à
Ittoqqortoormiit (Groenland)
Tanguy Sandré*, J-P. Vanderlinden, J. Gherardi, J-M. Huctin.
* Doctorant 1A CEARC/LSCE-OVSQ, UVSQ, ED 629 SSH, Université Paris-Saclay.
Présentation, papier et références disponibles sur RG ou ici :
cyclingphd.com/2021/05/27/cnfra
Tanguy Sandré - 17ème Journée Scientifique du CNFRA –27 mai 2021, Maison des Océans –Paris. (1/8)
Financé par le projet “Sensemaking, place attachment, and extended networks as sources of resilience in
the Arctic” (SeMPER-Arctic), soutenu par le Belmont Forum [RRCAS (Arctic II)].
Questions de recherche
•Dans quelle mesure les récits locaux peuvent-ils, de manière non-
préjudiciable, dialoguer avec des récits environnementaux/
climatiques issus du monde extérieur ?
•Les représentations et les connaissances de/sur l’Arctique s’incrivent dans
un contexte (post-)colonial et portent une dimension globalisante.
•Que signifie “être resilient·e” à Ittoqqortoormiit, au regard de ce
qui fait sens localement ?
•La resilience est un concept polysémique qui peut (doit?) se comprendre à
partir des savoirs, expériences, valeurs et aspirations qui font sens pour les
acteur·rices concerné·es.
Tanguy Sandré - 17ème Journée Scientifique du CNFRA –27 mai 2021, Maison des Océans –Paris. (2/8)
Terrain : Ittoqqortoormiit (Groenland)
Tanguy Sandré - 17ème Journée Scientifique du CNFRA –27 mai 2021, Maison des Océans –Paris. (3/8)
Figure 3. Colonisation
d’Ittoqqortoormiit en août 1924
(Arke, 2010: 10) (unknown).
Figure 2. Village d’Ittoqqortoormiit, en 2019
(J-P Vanderlinden).
Figure 1.
Regroupement
d’Ittoqqortoormiit
dans la grande
municipalité de
Sermersooq depuis
2009 (Nordregio).
Ittoqqortoormiit
L’approche centrée sur les récits (1/2)
•L’analyse des récits couvre des racines disciplinaires, des
rémanences méthodologiques et des objets varié·es.
Les récits sont également porteurs de différentes significations
associées au concept de résilience.
•Implication 1 - Un rasoir rhétorique porteur de valeurs et de prise
de position politique.
•Implication 2 - Une ressource pour l’action : "The stories we tell
change the way we act in the world“.
Tanguy Sandré - 17ème Journée Scientifique du CNFRA –27 mai 2021, Maison des Océans –Paris. (4/8)
L’approche centrée sur les récits (2/2)
•Implication 3 –Faire sens pour mettre en forme les identités
collectives et individuelles.
•Implication 4 –Penser sa position de recherche : réflexivité et
positionnement épistémologique.
•Implication 5 - Les sciences environnementales et climatiques
sont des récits.
Tanguy Sandré - 17ème Journée Scientifique du CNFRA –27 mai 2021, Maison des Océans –Paris. (5/8)
Méthodologie : Observation participante et
théorisation ancrée
•Terrains longs (ethnographiques) de plusieurs mois et répétés –
observation-participante. Premier terrain exploratoire : septembre
2021.
•Entretiens qualitatifs semi-directifs (entre 30 et 50).
•Séquence : codage thématique, groupement conceptuel,
théorisation, retour vers le terrain et partage de la théorisation
réalisée avec les communautés concernées.
Tanguy Sandré - 17ème Journée Scientifique du CNFRA –27 mai 2021, Maison des Océans –Paris. (6/8)
Conclusions
•L’approche basée sur les récits doit permettre de donner voix aux
habitant·es d’Ittoqqortoormiit de manière à renforcer leur
capacité à absorber des chocs et leur agentivité.
•Cet objectif s’accompagne d’une démarche réflexive constante.
•La formulation de ce que c’est qu’ « être résilient·e à
Ittoqqortoormiit » doit contribuer à une définition
décentrée/arctique de la résilience, à travers la comparaison.
Tanguy Sandré - 17ème Journée Scientifique du CNFRA –27 mai 2021, Maison des Océans –Paris. (7/8)
Merci de votre attention
•Présentation, papier et références disponibles sur RG ou
ici : cyclingphd.com/2021/05/27/cnfra
Contact : tanguy.sandre@uvsq.fr
Tanguy Sandré - 17ème Journée Scientifique du CNFRA –27 mai 2021, Maison des Océans –Paris. (8/8)
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any citations for this publication.
Meaning in the face of changing climate risks: Connecting agency, sensemaking and narratives of change through transdisciplinary research
Article
Full-text available
  • Mar 2020
This paper contributes to the body of knowledge associated with the analysis of transdisciplinary research. We use a narrative centered approach, focusing on hybridity, sensemaking and the potential for transdisciplinary research to foster agency. When confronted with changes, people – as individuals – and local communities – as groups – make sense of them in the light of their own knowledge, beliefs and experiences. The process by which communities make sense of changing institutional and natural environments can be defined as the interaction between their own frame of reference and the perception of the situational demands inherent to changes, together with their interpretation of these changes. Such a dynamic process of sensemaking constantly redefines the boundaries of the narratives that community members can call on to give meaning to their past, present and future. In this paper we use five case studies to analyze how this sensemaking plays out in situations of changing climate risk and changing frames of reference associated with the presence of trans-disciplinary scientists. We identify the central challenge of ambiguity. We define ambiguity as situations where narratives of change assign different meanings to the changes observed. In such situations, we observe three potential outcomes in our case studies: (1) communities appear to be forced into inaction – as a consequence of agency-depriving senselessness; (2) communities appear to be cornered into maladaptation – as a consequence of a misguided sense of agency; and (3) communities try to resolve ambiguity and effectively move forward – as knowledge-based agency-fostering exercise. In light of these results, we argue that by contributing to the clarification of such ambiguities, climate science may contribute to increases in local agency, thus enhancing adaptive capacities. We conclude by proposing that climate science be place-based and community–centered. The purpose of such a shift would be aimed at building the agency-enhancing sensemaking of local communities.
Local narratives of change as an entry point for building urban climate resilience
Article
Full-text available
  • Mar 2020
Cities face increasing risks due to climate change, and many cities are actively working towards increasing their climate resilience. Climate change-induced risks and interventions to reduce these risks do not only impact urban risk management systems and infrastructures, but also people’s daily lives. In order to build public support for climate adaptation and resilience-building and stimulate collaboration between authorities and citizens, it is necessary that adaptation and resilience-building are locally meaningful. Thus, interventions should be rooted in citizens’ concerns and aspirations for their city. Urban policymakers and researchers have started the search for better citizen participation in adaptation. However, tools to connect the relatively strategic and long-term notions of adaptation to a gradually changing climate held by planners and scientists with how citizens experience today’s climate and weather remain elusive. This paper investigates the use of ‘narratives of change’ as an approach to elicit perceptions of past, present and future weather, water, and climate, and how these relate to citizens’ desired futures. We tested this by eliciting and comparing narratives of change from authorities and from citizens in the Dutch city of Dordrecht. Our analysis of the process showed that historical events, embedded in local memory and identity, have a surprisingly strong impact on how climate change is perceived and acted upon today. This contributes to an awareness and sense of urgency of some climate risks (e.g. flood risks). However, it also shifts attention away from other risks (e.g. intensified heat stress). The analysis highlighted commonalities, like shared concerns about climate change and desires to collaborate, but also differences in how climate change, impacts, and action are conceptualized. There are possibilities for collaboration and mutual learning, as well as areas of potential disagreement and conflict. We conclude that narratives are a useful tool to better connect the governance of climate adaptation with peoples’ daily experience of climate risks and climate resilience, thereby potentially increasing public support for and participation in resilience-building.
The role of place-based narratives of change in climate risk governance
Article
Full-text available
  • Mar 2020
In this introduction, we situate the topic of this Special Issue on ‘narratives of change’ in the scholarly literature about how we inform climate risk governance, including through climate services. We argue that many places experience a persistent mismatch between predominantly science-based and technical framings of climatic risk, and the place-based understandings of climate extremes and responses of people living in these places. We introduce the case studies presented in this issue and highlight their common focus on ‘narratives of change’ as one missing link in climate governance. Narratives of change address the past, present and future of a specific place understood as a weather-world; adding a cultural dimension to climate change experienced as a succession of weather events and seasons. They focus on memories of weather events and how people coped with them, and they are tested for their potential to improve climate governance under future climatic change. Moreover, attention to local narratives expands the scope of issues covered by climate information and improves its integration into social and cultural life. We offer up seven lessons for why it is important to incorporate narratives in climate governance and suggest some creative methods for doing so. Post-normal science, art-science cooperation, and the inclusion of the humanities mark the difference that the individual contributions make to the literature about climate governance and democratic decision-making.
The technique is never neutral. How methodological choices condition the generation of narratives for sustainability
Article
Full-text available
How to tackle uncertainties and ensure quality in integrated assessment for sustainability? To what extent does the choice of the methodology condition the narrative produced by the analysis? The present work argues that the two questions are tightly coupled. The technique is never neutral. If we are the tools of our tools, as suggested by Thoreau, then it can also be said that language is not only a vehicle for communication, it is the driver as well. For this reason, in sustainability assessment it is not unusual to discern a close relationship between arguments made and methods adopted. In the present work a set of six reflexive analytical tools – we call them lenses – is suggested which could be pooled to the effect to appraise and improve the quality of integrated assessment and the resulting sustainability narratives, and to alleviate the constraints of the method-argument dependency. None of the lenses is new and each has been used before. Never have they been used together. The lenses are (i) Post-normal science (PNS), (ii) Controversy studies, (iii) Sensitivity auditing, (iv) Bioeconomics, (v) Ethics of science for governance, and (vi) Non-Ricardian economics. The six lenses are illustrated together with a set of case/narratives/arguments. The lenses allow some narratives – or methodologies – to be shown as either implausible or inadequate, and new narratives to be developed to tackle pressing sustainability issues, which expand the horizon of possible strategies for a solution.
Toward a multi-faceted conception of co-production of climate services
Article
Full-text available
  • Feb 2019
Increasing numbers of scholars and practitioners appeal to procedural theories of ‘co-production’ as they work to transform climate science into climate services. Most work in this direction theorises co-production as an ‘iterative and interactive’ process between climate service providers and users, with success measured mainly in terms of the usefulness and usability of the information product for the user. But notwithstanding these first important steps, this perspective paper argues that the current study of climate service co-production is too narrowly framed, and fails to properly engage with the broad and rich literature that conceives of co-production processes in a diversity of ways. The authors suggest a fresh look on co-production as a process best examined simultaneously from several complimentary perspectives, with reference to recent work reconceptualising co-production as an eight-sided ‘prism’. Using an illustrative example of climate services developed to predict and visualise future flooding in the municipality of Voss, in Norway, the paper demonstrates how this prism concept of co-production can enable a more comprehensive view on co-production as a multi-faceted phenomenon, improve mutual understanding among actors and, ultimately, help design climate services that are better tailored for climate change responses in particular contexts. Keywords: Climate services, Co-production, Evaluation, Voss
Initial mapping of narratives of change
Technical Report
Full-text available
  • Jan 2018
Societal Impacts of a Rapidly Changing Arctic
Article
Full-text available
  • Sep 2018
This review article makes six observations about the current body of research on the societal impacts of a changing Arctic. First, climate change and globalisation are the dominant drivers of societal impacts in the Arctic. Second, many contributions focus on the impacts in concrete sectors of society, often from an opportunities-and-risks perspective, which tends to blur the boundary to more policy-oriented work. Third, the mantra of the sustainable development of the Arctic or Arctic sustainability pervades considerations of Arctic societal impacts. Fourth, societal and environment change in the Arctic is increasingly analysed using the image of the Global Arctic, highlighting the inextricable linkages between Arctic and global processes and systems and thus the entangled fate of the North and the entire globe. Fifth, an increasing number of actors is seen as being involved in societal and environmental transformations in the Arctic, often conveyed through the (often ill-defined) stakeholder concept. Sixth, Arctic indigenous peoples are depicted as the group most vulnerable to the societal impacts of a changing Arctic, but are increasingly the subject of research in the form of rights-holders and active participants in governance, law, politics, and research. Challenges for future research include achieving greater clarity and reflexivity around key concepts, and de-essentialising the Arctic via the use of comparative methods on cases both within and beyond the Arctic.
Resilience Principles as a Tool for Exploring Options for Urban Resilience
Article
Full-text available
  • Jan 2018
The world is becoming increasingly urban and cities face a constant struggle with the complex environmental, social, economic, and political challenges of the 21st century. Many international organizations have argued that cities will need to become more resilient to these challenges. However, it is not particularly clear what that really means. In practice, policies often use the concept of ‘resilience’ as a buzzword. In this regard, resilience principles – that is, defining specific mechanisms that make a city resilient – can help clarify the concept and its applicability. Several case studies provide examples of how such principles can be used as tools to brainstorm on new solutions, how they can be used to evaluate proposed policy options and overarching urban resilience plans, and how they can be compared to stakeholders’ preferences for national policy strategies. When applied in a structured way, resilience principles provide a powerful tool to move urban resilience thinking from a metaphorical talk to meaningful solutions.
Using stories, narratives, and storytelling in energy and climate change research
Article
Full-text available
  • Aug 2017
Energy and climate change research has been dominated by particular methods and approaches to defining and addressing problems, accomplished by gathering and analysing the corresponding forms of evidence. This special issue starts from the broad concepts of stories, narratives, and storytelling to go beyond these analytic conventions, approaching the intersection of nature, humanity, and technology in multiple ways, using lenses from social sciences, humanities, and practitioners' perspectives. The contributors use stories as data objects to gather, analyse, and critique; stories as an approach to research an inquiry; narrative analysis as a way of crystallising arguments and assumptions; and storytelling as a way of understanding, communicating, and influencing others. In using these forms of evidence and communication, and applying methods, analytical stances, and interpretations that these invite, something new and different results. This essay is a brief introduction to how, in our view, stories and their kin fit in energy and climate change research. We outline the diversity of data, approaches, and goals represented in the contributions to the special issue. And we reflect on some of the challenges of, and possibilities for, continuing to develop 'stories' as data sources, as modes of inquiry, and as creative paths toward social engagement.
Making sense of citizen science: Stories as a hermeneutic resource
Article
  • Jul 2017
In communities on the front lines of energy facilities, citizen science has been seen as potent tool for environmental justice, giving residents access to quantitative data and, as a result, greater credibility with regulators and other experts. However, as in other realms of energy and environmental policy, greater access to data brings with it increased interpretive challenges—challenges which are especially acute for environmental justice-oriented citizen scientists seeking alternatives to scientists’ frameworks for understanding pollution and environmental health. Drawing on Miranda Fricker’s (2007) theory of epistemic injustice, this paper shows that frontline communities’ struggles to understand air quality data manifest “hermeneutic injustices,” or inequities in resources for meaning-making. Following research showing storytelling as one vehicle for making meaning, it argues that the stories told by frontline communities—stories of harms to health, systemic danger, dissembling, and disrespect—can in some circumstances serve as a crucial hermeneutic resource for making sense of air quality data for which scientific frameworks are inadequate. At the same time, it documents the limits of stories in giving meaning to data, pointing to areas of “narrative mismatch” which call for further hermeneutic invention by community groups working in collaboration with sympathetic scientists.