No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the authors.
Analysis of the impact of the meat supply chain on the Brazilian agri-food system
... A study of the Brazilian agri-food system found that the production of beef uses pasture and feedlot rations from just six plant varieties: brachiaria (the most prevalent forage plant), corn, soybean, cotton, sorghum and wheat. 15 Feedlot rations for US beef production rely on just five plant species (maize, sorghum, barley, oats and wheat). 16 The high demand for pastureland and for monocultures required in the production of animalsourced foods directly affects the production of other plant varieties. ...
The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth curve of Nellore cattle raised in the Pantanal, Mato Grosso do Sul, in different groups of size (weight), sex, and birth season, as well as to estimate the nutritional requirements for maintenance of the asymptotic weigh. The nonlinear models were adjusted using the Gauss-Newton method, with information on weight and age of animals within each (total, upper, and middle) group. The asymptotic weight was influenced by sex (P < 0.05) in all groups. Regarding maturity rates, females in the total herd and upper group were more precocious than males, whereas males and females in the middle group were similar. Animals born in the dry season of the year showed a greater asymptotic weight in the total herd and upper group, and significant difference was not observed only in the middle group. Regarding asymptotic weight for the growth curve of the total herd (318.5 ± 0.92 kg), the upper group (384.4 ± 1.74 kg) requires 15.1% more nutrients for their daily maintenance. The nutritional requirements for daily maintenance in the middle group (294.5 ± 1.00 kg) is 5.7% lower than in the total herd. The animals kept in the same herd (in the Pantanal conditions) showed different growth curves, as a function of the birth season and sex, indicating variations in growth and different energy requirements for their maintenance.
Resumo O uso de agrotóxicos na agricultura brasileira é um problema de saúde pública, dadas as contaminações no ambiente, em alimentos e as intoxicações na saúde humana. Objetivou-se apresentar a distribuição espacial da área plantada de lavouras, consumo de agrotóxicos e agravos à saúde relacionados, como estratégia de Vigilância em Saúde. Obteve-se dados de área plantada de 21 culturas predominantes, indicadores de consumo de agrotóxicos por hectare para cada cultura e agravos à saúde. Espacializou-se o consumo de agrotóxicos nos municípios brasileiros e correlacionou-se às incidências de intoxicações por agrotóxicos: aguda, subaguda e crônica. Constatou-se predomínio dos cultivos de soja, milho e cana, que juntos corresponderam a 76% da área plantada no Brasil em 2015. Pulverizou-se 899 milhões de litros de agrotóxicos nessas lavouras, com Mato Grosso, Paraná e Rio Grande Sul tendo utilizado as maiores quantidades. Os agravos à saúde apresentaram correlações positivas e significativas com o uso de agrotóxicos. A estratégia metodológica possibilitou identificar municípios prioritários para a Vigilância em Saúde e o desenvolvimento de ações intersetoriais de prevenção e mitigação dos impactos dos agrotóxicos na saúde e ambiente.
Resumo: Estudo com objetivo de descrever o preço dos grupos de alimentos consumidos no Brasil considerando a natureza, a extensão e o propósito de seu processamento. Dados provenientes da Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares de 2008-2009 foram utilizados. O preço médio dos grupos (in natura, ingredientes culinários, processados e ultraprocessados) e seus respectivos subgrupos de alimentos foram estimados para o Brasil segundo renda, região e área. Os produtos in natura e ingredientes culinários apresentaram menor preço por caloria quando comparado aos demais grupos, sugerindo uma vantagem econômica no preparo de refeições no lar em comparação a sua substituição por ultraprocessados. As famílias de maior nível econômico pagaram preço mais elevado por suas aquisições, enquanto as regiões Nordeste, Norte e a área rural pagaram os menores preços. Enquanto alimentos frescos (como carnes, leite, frutas e hortaliças) tendem a custar mais caro que alimentos ultraprocessados, grãos secos (como o arroz e o feijão) despontam como uma alternativa mais econômica para adoção de práticas alimentares saudáveis.
Significance
The food system is responsible for more than a quarter of all greenhouse gas emissions while unhealthy diets and high body weight are among the greatest contributors to premature mortality. Our study provides a comparative analysis of the health and climate change benefits of global dietary changes for all major world regions. We project that health and climate change benefits will both be greater the lower the fraction of animal-sourced foods in our diets. Three quarters of all benefits occur in developing countries although the per capita impacts of dietary change would be greatest in developed countries. The monetized value of health improvements could be comparable with, and possibly larger than, the environmental benefits of the avoided damages from climate change.
The high environmental costs of raising livestock are now widely appreciated, yet consumption of animal-based food items continues and is expanding throughout the world. Consumers' ability to distinguish among, and rank, various interchangeable animal-based items is crucial to reducing environmental costs of diets. However, the individual environmental burdens exerted by the five dominant livestock categories – beef, dairy, poultry, pork and eggs – are not fully known. Quantifying those burdens requires splitting livestock's relatively well-known total environmental costs (e.g. land and fertilizer use for feed production) into partial categorical costs. Because such partitioning quantifies the relative environmental desirability of various animal-based food items, it is essential for environmental impact minimization efforts to be made. Yet to date, no such partitioning method exists. The present paper presents such a partitioning method for feed production-related environmental burdens. This approach treated each of the main feed classes individually – concentrates (grain, soy, by-products; supporting production of all livestock), processed roughage (mostly hay and silage) and pasture – which is key given these classes' widely disparate environmental costs. It was found that for the current US food system and national diet, concentrates are partitioned as follows: beef 0·21 ± 0·112, poultry 0·27 ± 0·046, dairy 0·24 ± 0·041, pork 0·23 ± 0·093 and eggs 0·04 ± 0·018. Pasture and processed roughage, consumed only by cattle, are 0·92 ± 0·034 and 0·87 ± 0·031 due to beef, with the remainder due to dairy. In a follow-up paper, the devised methodology will be employed to partition total land, irrigated water, greenhouse gases and reactive nitrogen burdens incurred by feed production among the five edible livestock categories. INTRODUCTION
Received 7 May 2007; revised 7 August 2007; accepted 9 August 2007; published 13 September 2007. (1) Field observations and numerical studies revealed that large scale deforestation in Amazonia could alter the regional climate significantly, projecting a warmer and somewhat drier post-deforestation climate. In this study we employed the CPTEC-INPE AGCM to assess the effects of Amazonian deforestation on the regional climate, using simulated land cover maps from a business-as-usual scenario of future deforestation in which the rainforest was gradually replaced by degraded pasture or by soybean cropland. The results for eastern Amazonia, where changes in land cover are expected to be larger, show increase in near-surface air temperature, and decrease in evapotranspiration and precipitation, which occurs mainly during the dry season. The relationship between precipitation and deforestation shows an accelerating decrease of rainfall for increasing deforestation for both classes of land use conversions. Continued expansion of cropland in Amazonia is possible and may have important consequences for the sustainability of the region's remaining natural vegetation. Citation: Sampaio, G., C. Nobre, M. H. Costa, P. Satyamurty, B. S. Soares-Filho, and M. Cardoso (2007), Regional climate change over eastern Amazonia caused by pasture and soybean cropland expansion, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L17709,
Continuing population and consumption growth will mean that the global demand for food will increase for at least another 40 years. Growing competition for land, water, and energy, in addition to the overexploitation of fisheries, will affect our ability to produce food, as will the urgent requirement to reduce the impact of the food system on the environment. The effects of climate change are a further threat. But the world can produce more food and can ensure that it is used more efficiently and equitably. A multifaceted and linked global strategy is needed to ensure sustainable and equitable food security, different components of which are explored here.
Diets link environmental and human health. Rising incomes and urbanization are driving a global dietary transition in which traditional diets are replaced by diets higher in refined sugars, refined fats, oils and meats. By 2050 these dietary trends, if unchecked, would be a major contributor to an estimated 80 per cent increase in global agricultural greenhouse gas emissions from food production and to global land clearing. Moreover, these dietary shifts are greatly increasing the incidence of type II diabetes, coronary heart disease and other chronic non-communicable diseases that lower global life expectancies. Alternative diets that offer substantial health benefits could, if widely adopted, reduce global agricultural greenhouse gas emissions, reduce land clearing and resultant species extinctions, and help prevent such diet-related chronic non-communicable diseases. The implementation of dietary solutions to the tightly linked diet-environment-health trilemma is a global challenge, and opportunity, of great environmental and public health importance.
Efici�ncia de utiliza��o da energia metaboliz�vel para ganho de peso e exig�ncias de energia metaboliz�vel e nutrientes digest�veis totais de bovinos F1 Simental x Nelore
- M A Ferreira
Avalia��o do peso � desmama e do ganho m�dio de peso de bezerros cruzados, no estado do Mato Grosso do Sul
- C A S D Muniz
Produ��o e composi��o bromatol�gica do capim-Marandu em diferentes �pocas de diferimento e utiliza��o
- C T Rodrigues
A cadeia produtiva de carnes no Brasil. Cadeia industrial da carne: compartilhando ideias e estrat�gias sobre o enfrentamento do complexo industrial global de alimentos
- S Schlesinger
Manejo da pecu�ria: uma an�lise sobre impactos ambientais
- I M Abadias