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Business Resilience and Complex adaptive systems
Abstract and Figures
The complex adaptive system has facilitated advances in artificial intelligence (Moon et al., 2011; Padilla, 2012; Chandrasekaran, 2013; Yagüe & Balmaseda; 2020); but it is also a metaphor to understand the way in which the network of companies responds to changes.
In recent decades, the systemic approach has contributed to the advancement of knowledge in administrative, economic and organizational sciences (Mas, 2008; Jackson, 1994).
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Changes in the environment and the speed with which many companies adapt to them lead to exploring the adaptation process. In other words, the authors question the development of dynamic capabilities and how it is linked to resilience and organizational ambidexterity. Companies that effectively address these challenges will be better positioned to thrive in the environment. This chapter attempts a detailed analysis of the interactions between dynamic capabilities, resilience, and ambidexterity.
This paper examines the economic effects of COVID-19 containment measures using daily global data on containment measures, infections, and economic activity indicators, such as Nitrogen Dioxide ( emissions, international and domestic flights, energy consumption, maritime trade, and mobility indices. Results suggest that containment measures had a significant impact on economic activity—equivalent to about a 10 percent loss in industrial production over 30 days following their implementation. Easing of containment measures results in an increase in economic activity, but the effect is lower (in absolute value) to that of tightening. Fiscal measures used to mitigate the crisis were effective in partly offsetting these costs. We also find that school closures and cancellation of public events are among the most effective measures in curbing infections and are associated with low economic costs. Other highly effective measures like workplace closures and international travel restrictions are among the costliest in economic terms.
El objetivo de este artículo es analizar al empleo como pilar escencial que sustenta a la inclusión social y a la democracia. Por causa de la pandemia COVID 19 muchas personas fueron despedidas. Después de años de pleno empleo para Estados Unidos, con tasas de desempleo históricamente bajas, de hecho, el nivel del 3 por ciento, la sociedad tuvo que adaptarse a una crisis provocada, no por escasez de demanda o escasez de liquidez, sino por un virus invisible, cuyo la naturaleza y las mutaciones, así como los objetivos y los síntomas todavía se comprenden de manera imperfecta. Este artículo intenta argumentar que, al explorar las causas, se necesita un enfoque de sistemas, estudios históricos en profundidad, así como “calcular los números”.
El objetivo de este artículo es determinar si la inversión en innovación de las empresas agroalimentarias que cotizan en la Bolsa Mexicana de Valores es un conductor para la generación de valor sustentable. Se analizaron las estrategias sobre la adopción de la sustentabilidad en empresas de la industria agroalimentaria, dadas las consecuencias por el cambio climático; después se examinaron las tendencias de consumo como elemento de contingencia para la innovación y finalmente, se usaron ecuaciones estructurales. Entre los resultados se encontró que las empresas sí invierten en innovación. Con la identificación de “inversión en innovación” como factor crítico se aporta evidencia que al diseñar estrategias de largo plazo para el desarrollo sustentable la organización puede generar valor de manera integral.
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to advance the knowledge of pharmaceutical supply chain (PSC) resilience using complex adaptive system theory (CAS).
Design/methodology/approach
An exploratory research design, which adopted a qualitative approach was used to achieve the study’s research objective. Qualitative data were gathered through 23 semi-structured interviews with key supply chain actors across the PSC in the UK.
Findings
The findings demonstrate that CAS, as a theory, provides a systemic approach to understanding PSC resilience by taking into consideration the various elements (environment, PSC characteristics, vulnerabilities and resilience strategies) that make up the entire system. It also provides explanations for key findings, such as the impact of power, conflict and complexity in the PSC, which are influenced by the interactions between supply chain actors and as such increase its susceptibility to the negative impact of disruption. Furthermore, the antecedents for building resilience strategies were the outcome of the decision-making process referred to as co-evolution from a CAS perspective.
Originality/value
Based on the data collected, the study was able to reflect on the relationships, interactions and interfaces between actors in the PSC using the CAS theory, which supports the proposition that resilience strategies can be adopted by supply chain actors to enhance this service supply chain. This is a novel empirical study of resilience across multiple levels of the PSC and as such adds valuable new knowledge about the phenomenon and the use of CAS theory as a vehicle for exploration and knowledge construction in other supply chains.
El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar cómo 7 empresarios que desempeñan su actividad en el departamento de Maldonado (Uruguay) han incursionado en el uso de herramientas digitales para poder hacer frente a la emergencia sanitaria causada por el COVID19, y poder seguir trabajando durante la misma y en la “nueva normalidad”. Con este objetivo nos proponemos estudiar noticias locales y globales sobre el impacto de la emergencia sanitaria en Uruguay, bibliografía especializada sobre el uso de redes sociales y la capacidad de adaptación de las empresas frente a la incertidumbre para intentar comprender las formas de innovar y comunicarse con los clientes que han implementados diversos empresarios para no cerrar sus locales durante la emergencia sanitaria. En conclusión, en los testimonios de casos se han visualizado diversas formas de adaptación e innovación en los negocios para poder captar al cliente, comunicarse con ellos por los diversos medios y poder operar con todas las medidas sanitarias y de seguridad.
The ultimate aim of family business research is the production of new actionable knowledge, that is rigorous, empirically verified recommendations that fit family business needs and benefit their business practice. Oftentimes, however, research efforts fall short in meeting this goal, leaving family business owners and managers with limited guidance other than anecdotal evidence, best practices, and other forms of “conventional” or “folk” wisdom. We address this theory-practice divide in family business research using the example of shareholder agreements. We present a theoretical analysis of the characteristics, antecedents and effects of shareholder agreements on family business outcomes using the concept of family-practice fit, suggesting that characteristics of the owning family, which are expressions of family heterogeneity, should be aligned with the practices used to manage the family, and its intersection with the business in order to facilitate goal attainment. In focusing on the family as a unit of analysis, our conceptualization follows the calls for a more nuanced understanding of the family behind the firm, providing a foundation upon which future research on shareholder agreements and other widespread family business practices can build.
The objective of this paper is to analyse the proposal that the production units of the Latin American agribusiness sector evolve from internationalization to their products offers aimed at “the local”, in response to changes in the world scenario. To achieve the objective, a documentary and secondary source analysis were carried out, regarding the impact of COVID19 on the Latin American economy at the world stage. The main result points to the transversality of the creative industries with the agro-industrial sector to encourage creativity within the local business networks that were originally oriented at indirect internationalization. Value enhancement (revaluation) through creativity of orange economy and recognition of peoples' cultural assets, diversity and intangible heritage generates wealth. This transversality contributes to the alleviation of poverty, sustainability and competitiveness of agro-industrial companies.
Now in a Fourth Edition, this how-to guide is an excellent starting point for anyone looking to begin case study research. The authors—all professors teaching graduate students in education and other professions—provide the structure, detail, and guidance needed for beginning researchers to complete a systematic case study. Improvements for this edition include more practical and detailed guidance for conducting a literature review, a more efficient and easy-to-understand reorganization of the case study examples, and updated citations throughout the text. As with previous editions, this succinct handbook emphasizes learning how to do case study research—from the first step of deciding whether a case study is the way to go to the last step of verifying and confirming findings before disseminating them. It shows students how to determine an appropriate research design, conduct informative interviews, record observations, document analyses, delineate ways to confirm case study findings, describe methods for deriving meaning from data, and communicate findings.
Book Features:
A straightforward introduction to the science of doing case study research.
A step-by-step approach that speaks directly to the novice investigator.
Many concrete examples illustrate key concepts.
Questions, illustrations, and activities to reinforce what has been learned.
The collapse of economic activity in 2020 from COVID-19 has been immense. An important question is how much of that collapse resulted from government-imposed restrictions versus people voluntarily choosing to stay home to avoid infection. This paper examines the drivers of the economic slowdown using cellular phone records data on customer visits to more than 2.25 million individual businesses across 110 different industries. Comparing consumer behavior over the crisis within the same commuting zones but across state and county boundaries with different policy regimes suggests that legal shutdown orders account for only a modest share of the massive changes to consumer behavior (and that tracking county-level policy conditions is significantly more accurate than using state-level policies alone). While overall consumer traffic fell by 60 percentage points, legal restrictions explain only 7 percentage points of this. Individual choices were far more important and seem tied to fears of infection. Traffic started dropping before the legal orders were in place; was highly influenced by the number of COVID deaths reported in the county; and showed a clear shift by consumers away from busier, more crowded stores toward smaller, less busy stores in the same industry. States that repealed their shutdown orders saw symmetric, modest recoveries in consumer visits, further supporting the small estimated effect of policy. Although the shutdown orders had little aggregate impact, they did have a significant effect in reallocating consumer visits away from “nonessential” to “essential” businesses and from restaurants and bars toward groceries and other food sellers.