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Introduction:: Discarding Manly Dichotomies in Latin America
... Men are cast as morally decrepit and intrinsically weak in comparison, requiring women for their order and redemption. Critics highlight that marianismo/machismo is ethnocentric (Gutmann 2003) and inaccurate in its failure to account for the multiracial, multi-class histories of Latin America. Given the diverse ways in which social, political and economic structures shape masculinity and femininity in a diverse region (e.g. ...
This article argues that gender must be central to our theorisations of emergent religious geopolitics. It does so through an engagement with Butler's reflections upon secular time (Butler J 2008 Secular politics, torture, and secular time The British Journal of Sociology 59 1–23), and the ‘cultural reanimation’ of Roman Catholic cultural underpinnings of French culture in the defence of the torture and maltreatment of Islamic bodies. Drawing from both the broader, tactical gender geopolitics of the Catholic Church and the embodied experiences of Catholic faithful in Latin America, the paper argues that the concept of cultural reanimation fails to capture the skilful way in which the Holy See asserts a gender theology that transcends the individual faithful body, through to the body of humanity. The ambiguous position of religious institutions in contemporary geopolitics as both cultural and political facilitates the construction of boundaries and territories that transcend and cut through the politics of the state.
Starting from this theoretical intersection of masculinities and precarity, this study focuses on the masculinities of the Syrian men who used to work in professional occupations before migrating to Turkey. Most of the Syrian men who used to hold professional occupations, are not able to continue on their professions and have to work in/search for lower status jobs in which they are neither supposed to use nor have the chance of using their skills and full professional capacity. They, as the new precariat of Turkey, become the targets and the beneficiaries of the social assistance programs conducted by the government and the NGOs. Besides, due to the social stigmatization about Syrian migrants, they are exposed to the fear of violence. The inability of preserving advantageous position in labor market and their social and legal status pushed them into a new negotiation between their masculinities and conditions of new social setting. Drawing upon on the narratives of the Syrian men who used to be occupied in professional jobs, this study aims at exploring the effect of changing social/legal/economic status on masculinities, gender roles within family and Syrian men’s coping strategy with loss of status in their new social setting.
This study investigated the associations between traditional gender roles (TGRs) and substance use among early adolescents in Mexico’s largest cities. The sample of seventh grade students (n = 4,932) attended 26 public schools in Mexico City, Guadalajara, or Monterrey in 2014. Outcomes included recent alcohol, binge drinking, cigarette and marijuana use, and lifetime poly-substance use; substance-use intentions, norms, attitudes, and expectancies; and substance-use exposure (peer use, offers) and resistance (refusal confidence, refusal skills, and decision-making skills). A TGR scale assessed endorsement of a polarized gender division of family labor and power. As hypothesized, among males, TGRs were consistently associated with poorer outcomes, and this association was usually stronger for males than for females. In contrast, among females there was no evidence that TGRs were associated with desirable outcomes. Contrary to expectations, TGRs predicted poorer outcomes for both females and males, and to equivalent degrees, for binge drinking, cigarette use, positive substance-use expectancies, and friends’ approval of substance use, and they predicted poorer outcomes for females but not for males on parental disapproval of substance use and drug-resistance skills. Interpretations highlight the persisting aspects of TGRs in the family and conflicting messages for females as Mexico undergoes changes in its gender order.
This ethno-identity dance is equally sexy for both men and women. In looking at the wide variety of tango variations, Shay views them through the lens of theater and fantasy: dramatic and theatrical movements and gestures and the sexual fantasies that the tango performance produces for many participants. He describes the history of the dance: how it originated in the brothels of Buenos Aires, found popularity in turn-of-the-century Paris and London, and gained acceptance among Argentine elites. He describes its movements, stressing the importance of improvisation. Shay then looks at the machismo role of the male dancer and femme fatale role of the woman.
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