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Climate Change, Biodiversity, and Environmental Governance:
Nature and People
cláudio C. Maretti, PhD.
Geography, USP; Post Doc (Collaborative
Conservation in Protected Areas lato sensu)
World Commission on Protected Areas,
IUCN, vice chair for South America
Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA) da
Costa dos Corais (categoria V UICN)
(foto do web site da Fundação Toyota do Brasil)
Climate change, biodiversity, and
environmental governance
Climate change, biodiversity, and
environmental governance
•Relations between society and nature, but social responsibility as well
•What some of us are doing with the rest of humankind?
•What should be key principles?
•Equity –in reference to reduction of inequalities, of social
differences, as well as to respect the diversity
•Keep possibilities –for human sustainable development
•…
•…
Some of the tendencies
➢Each new report show the worsening of the
good life conditions, including human life –
water, food production in land and fish
stocks etc.
Some of the tendencies
•Economic, social and environmental discussions continue separated, isolated from each
other
•(considering economic, social and environmental tree equal pillars for the aimed development,
while there should be a hierarchy of dependencies)
•Big geopolitical (including decision power) and economic (including quality of life) divide
•Conflict growth in countries that are poor, forested, inequitable or with important
traditional peoples
•Ecosystem conversion and degradation
•Slow change in energy production
•…
Some elements that need to change
•Short term political and social perspectives
•Excessive weight to the short-term financial implications (not economical
ones)
•Excessive concentration of decisions that affects most of us
•Low attention to nature-based solutions (and ecosystem-based
adaptation)
•Technocratic (and alarmist) style of management of the environment
(including nature conservation)
•…
Parque Nacional Iguaçu
(categoria II, internac. UICN)
(foto André Dib)
Key elements for the way forward
Key elements for the way forward
•Participation, engagement and responsibility sharing –i.e., decisions deconcentration, not waiting only for
governments to act and not blame others (instead of doing ourselves)
•Focus on the transversal solutions, but not entirely; assure strategic and surviving resistance spaces
•Promote protected areas as multiple solutions, but assure more open and inclusive governance and management
•Rebuild local social participation
•Reconnect local to global; human dimension to global processes
•Any good (public) policy depends on good participation
•Regulations are needed, but activism remain irreplaceable
•More attention on the way (how we move, how we relate to others), than on the supposed aim (where to arrive)
•(there is no “paradise”, much less waiting for us to arrive)
•Benefits from nature as a fundamental human right
•…
Participation,
engagement and
responsibility sharing
Gestão participativa em ação
(foto para ICMBio)
Protected areas as key solutions
A sign of social illness?
Probably.
But a resistance strategy, potentially
successful.
Protected areas as key solutions
•Best conservation mechanism, as well as to the access of society
to the nature benefits
•Nature-based solutions to face climate change, biodiversity
degradation and health crises
•But need to overcome the lack of good interaction between their
management and the society
•Need particular attention to equity
•Both regarding the indigenous peoples and traditional communities, as well
as the poor areas in the big cities, facing attacks against their rights,
livelihoods sustainability, disasters and health problems
And people!
➢30% conservation in 2030
➢Including strongly local and traditional communities
and indigenous peoples, as well as poor urban classes
To CBD CoP-15
Reserva Extrativista Cururupu
(categoria VI da UICN, com gestão compartilhada com comunidades tradicionais)
(web site Mar Sem Fim)
Traditional communities
(Trechos do município de São Paulo, Google Maps, 2021 mai. 04, por cCM.)
(Campinas, Plano Municipal do Verde, v. 3 Prognostico)
➢Equitable access to the
green and natural areas in
cities
(Monaco, 2010, Sistemas de Áreas Verdes, Butantã)
➢Planning for urban areas
with nature-based
solutions, for instance
for avoiding floods
Water security in cities
Parque Nacional de Brasília
(categoria II, internac. UICN)
(fotos Edgard Thomas, Tony Winston,
Cultura Mix e Curta+)
Parques Nacionais Aparados
da Serra e Serra Geral
(categoria II UICN)
(foto para ICMBio)
Nature is good for you!
Thanks!
(From “my” local cultural
landscape)
(Fotos: Prefeitura de Atibaia –http://www.atibaiasp.com.br/turismo/parque-municipal-
do-itapetinga-grota-funda/; Renan Fatibello –https://atibaiaconnection.com.br/conheca-
em-atibaia-o-parque-municipal-da-grota-funda/)
Atibaia, SP, Brasil
Monumento Natural Estadual da Pedra Grande
e Parque Estadual Itapetinga (Fundação
Florestal) e Parque Natural Municipal da Grota
Funda (Prefeitura da Estância de Atibaia)
•E-mail: claudio.Maretti.1958@gmail.com
•ResearchGate:
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Claudio_Maretti
•LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/claudiocmaretti