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Slovenian geographical names
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This work discusses Slovenian geographical names: endonyms in Slovenia and in border areas inhabited by Slovenians in neighboring countries, and Slovenian exonyms used in Slovenian to describe geographical features outside the Slovenian settlement area. First, it gives a historical overview of dealing with geographical names in Slovenia and especially emphasizes their scholarly and cartographic significance. Then it presents macrotoponyms and microtoponyms, especially geographical names in Slovenian normative guides, names of countries, and foreign exonyms for Slovenian endonyms. All of this is connected with the United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN) and the Slovenian Government Commission for the Standardization of Geographical Names. The former body handles geographical names globally and the latter nationally.
[Obravnavamo slovenska zemljepisna imena: endonime v Republiki Sloveniji in s Slovenci poseljenem zamejstvu v sosednjih državah, ter slovenske eksonime, s katerimi v slovenščini poimenujemo geografske pojave zunaj slovenskega poselitvenega območja. Najprej podajamo zgodovinski pregled ukvarjanja z zemljepisnimi imeni v slovenskem prostoru in posebej izpostavljamo njihovo znanstveno in kartografsko vlogo. Nato predstavljamo makrotoponime in mikrotoponime, še posebej zemljepisna imena v slovenskih pravopisih, imena držav in tuje eksonime za slovenske endonime. Vse to povezujemo s Skupino izvedencev Združenih narodov za zemljepisna imena (UNGEGN) in Komisijo za standardizacijo zemljepisnih imen Vlade Republike Slovenije, ki na svetovni oziroma nacionalni ravni skrbita za zemljepisna imena.]
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... Perhaps that is why the state does not want to invest too much money in exploring caves, building new routes and new equipment. The preservation of the ecology of caves remains one of the priority issues of modern speleology (Kladnik, 2020). There are many cases when a person destroys objects with his own hands. ...
Geographical names, including speleonyms, which were once not registered in official sources, have been preserved in the form of missing words or errors in the Russian language. Therefore, the task of their collection and systematization is fixed by many resolutions of the government of the Republic of Kazakhstan and other authorized bodies. One of the issues of determining the ways of implementing the project "sacred geography of Kazakhstan" and the direction of research work is aimed
at restoring the names of caves. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the formation of cave names on the territory
of Kazakhstan and the geographical prerequisites for their restoration. Research objectives: to determine the role of physical and
geographical conditions of Kazakhstan in the formation of speleonyms; to reflect the patterns and areas of cave distribution in
Kazakhstan and to analyze the geographical aspects of the formation of speleonyms; analysis of geographical aspects of the
formation of speleonyms; determination of the place of speleonyms as tourist and recreational objects; making proposals for the preservation of caves and Speleonyms of Kazakhstan. The object of the study is caves and other underground parts distributed on the territory of Kazakhstan as special objects of the sacred regions of the country, the subject of the study is the conditions and meaning of the formation of the names of these caves, their geographical prerequisites and opportunities for restoration. The caves will be of great interest from a geomorphological, hydrological, bio-speleological, archaeological and paleozoological point of view. In recent years, they arestudied as unique natural landscapes. The importance of caves for speleotourism is also difficult to overestimate.
... Ian Clark (2009, p. 208) defines micrtoponym as "the name of a feature that is itself part of a larger named entity," focusing on physical geographical features. The term's primarily environmental, ecological, or rural dimension is also applied in other studies (see, among others, Boillat, 2023;Kladnik et al., 2020). However, there are geographical works where the term microtoponym is applied to urban objects, which is a theme of this paper (e.g., Basik, 2023aBasik, , 2023b. ...
A spatial perspective on microtoponyms, informal non‐standardized names of small objects and places known to the locals, is an often‐neglected segment of urban political toponymic theory and practice. Though critically‐oriented thinkers have acknowledged the role of vernacular place names in the spatial organization of symbolic cultural landscapes, place‐making processes, and the everyday life of people and their communities, conceptual spatial‐political theorizations on this subject have been relatively rare. Driven upon the critical toponymic theory, this paper aims to delineate a conceptual framework for studying urban microtoponyms as spatial phenomena by integrating the toponymic plurality notion. Based on examples primarily from non‐Western geographical contexts, this paper offers a fresh perspective on urban place naming practices and related spatial processes providing some analytical pathways for critical scholars in urban toponymy and guiding potential empirical investigations in this field.
This paper deals with oikonyms in Albania, named after plants. It aims to identify the phytotoponyms, their geographical distribution and influencing factors. The review of geographical, linguistic, botanical and historical sources helped to highlight 175 phytotoponyms, derived from 39 phytonyms. They were analyzed in geospatial terms using qualitative and comparative methods. The phytotoponyms named after walnut, apple and pear have a high frequency, while those named after olive, plum, cypress are rarer. Most of phytotoponyms are located in the lowlands of western Albania, while in the mountainous territories in the south and north their number decreases significantly. This work could inspire toponymy research, inform policy, reveal dialects, and document phytonyms.
Geographical names are an important part of the cultural heritage of every nation. They are a fundamental building block of all civilizations or cultures, filling space with meaning and developing spatial identities. Geographical names in languages with few speakers, such as Slovenian, are often endangered, but this is even more true for the geographical names of ethnic minorities, including the Slovenians of Hungary, the smallest cross-border Slovenian minority. The far western edge of Hungary, which lies between Slovenia and Austria, is called the Rába Valley. It includes seven settlements in which bilingualism is officially present. An outward sign of this bilingualism is bilingual road signs with the names of settlements. The main subject of this research was microtoponyms. The result of the research, a volume with a map and a dictionary, is based on extensive fieldwork and a review of archival sources. It is hoped that the results will help preserve these microtoponyms in people’s minds. In addition to a comprehensive monograph, the map of microtoponyms in the Rába Valley was published as a result of the project.
This introductory article of the special issue of Acta geographica Slovenica on old maps examines the importance of old maps as the foundation and culmination of geographical research. Maps, one of the earliest languages of communication, have guided exploration and become reference documents. Old maps reveal history, values, and contexts of geographical regions and geographical science. They serve as a special form of text, making possible communication across centuries. Old maps have inspired fantasy maps that depict fictional landscapes and create a cultural phenomenon. This special issue contains articles that analyze the cartographic elements of old maps, the semiotics of old maps, their use in education, and their historical significance, as well as an article on the first Slovenian atlas. Old maps challenge geographic knowledge and representation, and they are shaping the digital future.
This chapter reviews the standpoints and conclusions of forty-eight multidisciplinary researchers in geography and associated disciplines working on geographical naming in different parts of the world. They explore and analyse from different perspectives the state of the art in place naming due to its multilevel significance in issues of identity, perceptions, culture, polity, sovereignty, geopolitics, and GIS database creation and management. This includes the technical geospatial perspectives alongside the imperative of name standardization in a globalizing world but also the dynamic aspects of intangible cultural heritages embedded in names and cultural politics. It is highly noteworthy in supporting the objectives and targets of the UN SDGs such as numbers 5 and 16. The researchers work in numerous universities, regional, national, and international geographical naming-related institutions, and organizations including the UNGEGN (UN Group of Experts on Geographical Names), IGU (International Geographical Union), and ICA (International Cartographic Association) among others.KeywordsGeographical place namingMultidisciplinaryCultural politicsGISName standardization
Slovenia began to regulate geographical names after its independence in 1991. In 1995, it established the Commission for the Standardization of Geographical Names of the Government of the Republic of Slovenia, which, among other tasks, gradually began to standardize Slovenian geographical names based on databases of country names, settlement names, and Slovenian exonyms, all three of which are maintained and updated by the ZRC SAZU Anton Melik Geographical Institute, as well as a database of geographical names on national maps maintained by the Surveying and Mapping Authority of the Republic of Slovenia. It also prepared two gazetteers of standardized geographical names on national maps at scales of 1:1,000,000 and 1:250,000 issued by the Surveying and Mapping Authority of the Republic of Slovenia. As part of these four databases and both gazetteers, which include more than 220,000 Slovenian geographical names, the commission has standardized more than 10,000 geographical names as of the beginning of 2022. Barely one percent of all geographical names in Slovenia are marine names, but they are already almost completely standardized.KeywordsGeographical nameToponymyHydronomyEndonymExonymStandardizationSlovenian
This paper represents the results of the pioneering research work that studied the toponymic heritage of real historical personality like Ahmad Yasawi. It proposed that the name-giver of the city of Turkestan is Ahmad Yasawi by means of conducting intensive toponymic research and by considering Ahmad Yasawi’s ‘Diwan-i Hikmat’ and Suleyman Baqirgani’s ‘Aqirzaman’ as historical documents. Also the research paper analyzes the legends and stories related to the life of Ahmad Yasawi by Bolatbek Qorganbekov and Mashkhur Zhusup as the toponymic legends, which can be considered as etymological foundations of some place names. The author of the current research work made the classification of Ahmad Yasawi’s toponymic heritage, which can be regarded as the first classification of historical personality’s toponymic heritage suggested by scholars. Moreover, the research work discovers Ahmad Yasawi’s deed from a new angle. All place names, which are regarded as the toponymic heritage of Ahmad Yasawi, were divided into three main groups. They are as following: 1. The place names whose author was Ahmad Yasawi himself; 2. Ahmad Yasawi’s, his relatives’, and followers’ graveyards, which are considered here as sacral places of Kazakhstan, and also they are nekronyms that can be accepted as toponymic heritage of Yasawi; 3. The place names which appeared under the influence of Yasawi’s relatives and followers. The total number of toponyms that are classified as Yasawi’s toponymic heritage is 33. They are 13 econyms, 2 hydronyms, one oronym, and 17 nekronyms. Keywords: Toponym, Toponymic Heritage, Nekronym, Hydronym, Econym, Intensive Toponymy, Khwaja Ahmad Yasawi, Turkestan.
Prispevek naslavlja rabo dvojezičnih zemljepisnih imen na območjih zunaj Slovenije, kjer živi avtohtona slovenska manjšina. Ker ta imena še niso standardizirana skladno s priporočili Organizacije združenih narodov, je njihova raba zelo otežena. Za njihovo standardizacijo so odgovorni standardizacijski organi sosednjih držav Slovenije. Prispevek na podlagi pravnih dokumentov in uradnih seznamov predstavlja seznam dvojezičnih imen naselij ali njihovih delov, za katere se priporoča raba tudi v slovenskem jeziku. V Italiji je takih imen skoraj 300, v Avstriji pol manj, na Madžarskem pa sedem. // Slovenian endonyms in bilingual geographical names in Italy, Austria and Hungary This article deals with the use of bilingual geographical names in areas outside Slovenia where a native Slovenian minority lives. Because these names have not yet been standardized according to the recommendations of the United Nations, their use is very difficult. The standardization bodies of Slovenia’s neighboring countries are responsible for their standardization. Based on legal documents and official lists, the article compiles a list of bilingual names of settlements or their parts, which are recommended for use in Slovenian as well. There are almost three hundred such names in Italy, half that number in Austria, and seven in Hungary.
Delo je izbor pomembnejših imenoslovnih prispevkov Merkujevega jezikoslovnega opusa, ki s članki in dvanajstimi monografijami vred šteje prek sto trideset bibliografskih enot. Ponovno pregledano, popravljeno in dopolnjeno imenoslovno gradivo je avtor oblikoval v slovarsko razvrščena gesla po samostalniškem delu imen. V njih niza narečne, sodobne knjižne, polknjižne, zgodovinske in terenske podatke o konkretnih imenih z enakim jedrnim delom.
Geography divides the Earth’s surface to units by the most diverse individual and group natural and social criteria. Regional identity may be formed in a specific regional unit on the basis of specific spatial (geographical), time (historical), administrative and other circumstances. Regional identity of Slovenians has been examined by means of cognitive maps. These were mapped by 635 respondents aged between 15 and 75. The residents of Slovenia identify themselves the most by the regions of Upper Carniola (Gorenjska), Lower Carniola (Dolenjska), Carinthia (Koroška), Styria (Štajerska), Prekmurje, Littoral (Primorska) and Inner Carniola (Notranjska). These regions were drawn by more than a half of respondents. This indicates that parts of the former Austro-Hungarian monarchy are still very much alive and deeply rooted in the consciousness of Slovenians as compared to other territorial divisions, even though they are just a remnant of the administrative division of the country that was dissolved 100 years ago. An important element of the regional identity is also the name of the region. Geographical names, which also include the names of regions, are standardised in Slovenia by the Commission for the Standardization of Geographical Names of the Government of the Republic of Slovenia, which was founded by the Slovenian government in 1995 in order to comply with UN resolutions.
Članek z vidika eksonimov analizira prvi slovenski pravopis v slovenskem jeziku, ki ga je leta 1899 izdal Fran Levec. Analiza je pokazala, da se je Levec eksonimov zelo dobro zavedal, čeprav zanje še ni uporabil terminologije, ki jo poznamo danes. Osredinil se je predvsem na eksonime v okolici slovenskega jezikovnega območja, predvsem na matično državo Avstro-Ogrsko in sosednje dežele. V pravopisu pa ni nobenih imen iz nelatiničnih pisav in imen v latinici zunaj Evrope. Članek na koncu navaja slovenske eksonime, ki jih temeljna strokovna literatura doslej še ni obravnavala in bi jih bilo smiselno vključiti v Slovar slovenskih eksonimov. // This article analyses the first Slovenian normative guide, published by Fran Levec in 1899, from the perspective of exonyms. The analysis shows that Levec was well acquainted with exonyms, even though he did not yet apply the same terminology as used today to describe them. He primarily focused on exonyms close to the Slovenian linguistic area, especially those in Austria-Hungary and neighboring countries. However, the normative guide does not include any names in non-Roman scripts or any Roman-script names of places outside Europe. The article concludes with a list of Slovenian exonyms that have not yet been examined in seminal specialist literature and that should be included in Slovar slovenskih eksonimov (Dictionary of Slovenian Exonyms).
