No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the authors.
A typology of urban speciality shops selling rural provenance food products -a contribution from Portugal
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore and typify the characteristics and diverse features of urban speciality stores selling rural provenance food, taking the case of three cities in Portugal.
Design/methodology/approach
The study was based on hierarchical cluster analysis, performed upon data collected from a survey to 113 shops, located in Aveiro ( n = 15), Lisbon ( n = 56) and Porto ( n = 42).
Findings
The study identified three clusters of shops according to the type of rural provenance products sold, services provided and clientele characteristics: the wine focused, the rural provenance focused and the generalist. The study confirms that in Portugal, small food retail outlets, with different rural provenance patterns and degrees of specialization have considerably grown in large cities over the last decade.
Research limitations/implications
The study contributes to typifying urban speciality food stores selling rural provenance products and to addressing critical research gaps on this topic. The study highlights the dynamism of small food retail outlets and their significance, mediating and responding to changing patterns of food consumption in urban spaces.
Originality/value
This study contributes to a better understanding and characterization of food speciality shops in urban settings and their links with rural territories of provenance, an under-researched topic on the food retail literature.
... Although the scientific literature has focused more on the transformations that have occurred in alternative food supply chains -such as alternative supply networks and short circuits [7,8], the role of urban stores specialized in the commercialization of agri-food products in the promotion of interrelations between the countryside and the cities and of the national agriculture must not be neglected. Recognizing the importance of these stores in publicizing and promoting rural regions among the urban populations and tourists [9,10], there is the need to understand and characterize the growth of these stores, since they promote products and contribute to the attractiveness of rural regions among a growing number of urban consumers (e.g., [10,11]). ...
... Although the scientific literature has focused more on the transformations that have occurred in alternative food supply chains -such as alternative supply networks and short circuits [7,8], the role of urban stores specialized in the commercialization of agri-food products in the promotion of interrelations between the countryside and the cities and of the national agriculture must not be neglected. Recognizing the importance of these stores in publicizing and promoting rural regions among the urban populations and tourists [9,10], there is the need to understand and characterize the growth of these stores, since they promote products and contribute to the attractiveness of rural regions among a growing number of urban consumers (e.g., [10,11]). ...
... was used as dependent variable. The different answers to this question were then recoded into seven binary variables, corresponding to the different types of products: "Vegetables and subproducts", "Olive oil", "Honey, jams and canned products", "Cheese and other dairy products", "Wine and other drinks ", "Meat, sausages, and other subproducts of animal origin" [10]. Based on the agglomeration schemes and dendrograms obtained from the cluster analysis, we choose the 3-cluster solution. ...
The links between rural and urban have often been the subject of study in Portugal. Nevertheless, the asymmetries between rural and urban have not ceased to increase over the last decades, contributing to an imbalance of economic, social, and territorial dimensions between regions. In order to counter this trend, policies to attract the population and tourism have been endorsed but have not been sufficient to promote territorial cohesion. This makes it necessary to rethink the capacity and the potential of rural territories in terms of mobilising their resources and, through them, promoting new and/or renewed relations with urban territories. This article aims to explore and map the links between urban and rural areas by analysing the routes taken by agri-food products, from production to marketing, with the support of a spatial analysis, using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). For that, we analysed a set of specialised and/or gourmet shops in Oorto and Lisbon, and their relations with the territories from which the commercialized agri-food products come. Most of these products originate in the inland rural regions of the country, and there is a clear geographical connection between the shops analysed and specific territories. Thus, it was possible to verify the increase in interest and consumption of agri-food products of rural origin and the spontaneous increase of this type of shop in the cities analysed, as well as identify the target audience of the shops and the spatial influence they have in the respective cities. These shops, in addition to selling agro-food products, are also promoters of rural territories in an urban environment.
... This research is based on a round of 30 interviews conducted in shops of three Portuguese cities (Aveiro, Lisbon and Porto). The 30 shops were randomly selected by city and classification according to a hierarchical cluster analysis of 113 surveyed shops, based on the most sold products, that identified three clusters: 'The Wine Focused', including shops mainly commercializing wine; 'The Rural Provenance Focused', integrating shops selling mainly rural provenance food products and 'The Generalist', including shops commercializing a wide range of products from diverse provenances (Silva et al., 2021). Interviews were conducted between November 2019 and February 2020 with shop owners or shopkeepers when the latter were more familiar with the shops' daily operations. ...
... The first phase aimed at typifying the urban specialty food shops located in three Portuguese cities (Aveiro, Lisbon and Porto). A universe of 113 shops was surveyed and analysed through a hierarchical cluster analysis based on the type of products sold resulting in three distinct clusters of stores: 'The Wine Focused', including shops mainly commercializing wine; 'The Rural Provenance Focused', with shops selling mainly rural provenance food products and 'The Generalist', including shops commercializing a wide range of products from diverse provenances (Silva et al., 2021).The results of the cluster analysis and the number of stores in each city informed the random selection of 30 shops in a second phase, 5 in Aveiro, 13 in Porto and 12 in Lisbon. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in a second phase with shop owners and managers. ...
... This contribution is original and was not present anywhere else. Figueiredo, E.;Eusébio, C. and Forte, T. (2021). A typology of urban specialty shops selling rural provenance food productsa contribution from Portugal. ...
INTRODUCTORY NOTE |
Local and traditional food products have been attracting the interest of consumers,
retailers, and producers, as well as the attention of politicians and academics in different
research fields (e.g., agriculture, geography, sociology, anthropology, food studies,
tourism). This relatively recent focus is related to the potential that local food may have
in the revitalization of agriculture and rural territories, enhancing the attractiveness of
specific areas of origin and developing tourism. There is also an increasing European
Union policy support to produce local and traditional foods, through several certification
schemes and labels designed for their preservation, differentiation, and a better
understanding of their specific character and features strongly embedded in their places
of origin. These features are also known to meet contemporary consumers' demand for more sustainable, healthier, and quality foodstuffs in contrast with massified agri-
industrial production.
Following these dynamics, more recently, we have witnessed a growing number of
specialty (and/ or gourmet) stores dedicated to the commercialization of local and
traditional foods (certified or not) within urban centres, especially in cities where tourism
influxes have also grown in recent decades. These stores, as well as other selling venues
of those products within urban centres, may contribute to foster the interest and
knowledge of consumers and act as showcases, both for urban inhabitants and tourists, of the territories of origin, the ways of production and preparation, as well as of the material and symbolic features of local, regional and national food identities, hence contributing to their preservation and value.
This International Conference follows a four-year research project - STRINGS - Selling
The Rural IN (urban) Gourmet Stores - establishing new liaisons between town and
country through the sale and consumption of rural products, coordinated by the
University of Aveiro, Portugal (in collaboration with the Instituto de Ciências Sociais (co-
PI) and the Instituto de Geografia e Ordenamento do Território from the University of Lisbon and the University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro), but brings together
speakers and ideas from around the world, intending to stimulate enthusiastic and
interesting debates amongst all the interested participants around the conference main
topics.
The International STRINGS Conference Selling the Rural in Urban Areas - the role of
Local Food Products in the Sustainable Development of Rural Areas, took place online
between the 14th and the 15th of July, 2022 and it was organized in two Plenary Sessions,
11 Parallel Sessions and one Special Session with Chef Óscar Cabral. We are very glad
that the Conference brought together a quite diverse and international group of authors:
more that 100 authors presented 43 communications from 17 countries (Austria, Brazil,
Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, New Zealand, Netherlands,
Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and Turkey), dealing with different topics,
such as the impacts of local food production and commercialization in rural territories’
development; sustainable production of food and wine; the connections between food and wine and tourism activities; the relationship between food and places and the promotion and marketing of food and wine products.
The STRINGS Organizing Committee would like to thank all the people and entities
directly or indirectly involved in this Conference. Firstly, we would like to thank all the
keynote speakers and authors for sharing their knowledge and research around the topics of this Conference. Secondly, the organizers are also grateful to all the retailers,
producers, distributors, and consumers of rural provenance foods that participated in the
STRINGS research project and gave a generous contribution to this conference aims. At
the Conference website all the delegates can meet some of the retailers and producers!
Thirdly, the Organizing Committee would like to thank to the TUA – Tuna of the
University of Aveiro, for the music playing at the Conference breaks! Lastly, the
organizers would also like to express their gratitude to the funders of the STRINGS
research project – FEDER, through COMPETE 2020 – POCI and FCT/MCTES – that
also contribute to make this Conference possible!
... In the last few decades, a change in food consumption has been noticeable, featuring an increasing interest in rural provenance foodstuffs and a shift away from massified foods. This interest pairs with the growing number of specialty food shops selling and promoting those products within city centers among urban residents and tourists (Silva et al. 2021). This phenomenon has inspired a growing, yet well-established body of literature addressing the determinants of the consumer choice for rural provenance foods, consumer segmentation based on socioeconomic profiles (Caputo et al. 2018) and the exploration of the role exerted by them on local food systems (Skallerud and Wien 2019). ...
... Besides point-of-sale characteristics (such as light, space, cleanliness; Gomes et al. 2017), a retailer's real and symbolic dialogue with consumers is known to influence specific choices of food based on identity and connection. The generally small dimension of shops selling rural provenance foods, together with their frequent location within city centers (Silva et al. 2021), may have strengthened those aspects, promoting closer relations with consumers while expanding food choices to a wider public. In the same vein, the retailer's ethical positioning, expressed through source labels, staff presentations or the creation of a home-like atmosphere where consumers may experiment and taste products at will, are also seen as beneficial for a rural provenance product's success (Szente et al. 2015). ...
... The analysis is based on a set of digital and printed materials used for product promotion by 30 specialty food shops located in three Portuguese cities: Aveiro (n = 5), Lisbon (n = 12) and Porto (n = 13). These cities were chosen since Lisbon and Porto are the first and second larger cities in Portugal, having ranked, respectively, 63rd and 96th among the most visited cities before the pandemic in 2019 (Silva et al. 2021), whereas Aveiro is medium sized but has had a steady rise in tourism over the last few years. ...
The literature on food consumption and marketing has been mainly concerned with identifying the appeal of the physical and sensorial features of food products, consumer choice determinants and their profiling according to socioeconomic characteristics, and perceptions and practices. This paper takes a different approach by analyzing how consumers are being represented and engaged with in the promotion of rural provenance foods, an overlooked topic within the literature. For this purpose, a content analysis was conducted on promotional materials (printed materials-including brochures, business cards and leaflets), website publications and social media (Facebook and Instagram) posts issued by 30 specialty shops located in three Portuguese cities (Aveiro, Lisbon and Porto). A total of 7491 files were analyzed. Empirical evidence shows that consumers are mainly portrayed through references to their symbolic features or as elements of a connection established and nurtured by the shops. Sociodemographic features lack relevance in opposition to the relevance attributed to the interaction between the shops and the consumers. All in all, the analysis highlights the significance of the interaction between the shops and the consumers in the promotion of products, fostering close and familiar relationships attentive to consumer preferences, emotions and values.
... Both correlated trends support Gangjee's (2017, 12) argument that "for foodstuffs and agricultural products, provenance matters like never before." The appeal of provenance foods to both consumers (e.g., Meah and Watson 2013;Truninger 2010) and retailers Silva et al. 2021) also benefits from policy support (e.g., within European Union -EU) for their production, preservation and certification Gangjee 2017). Its salience -national, regional, village or territory-based -is also found mirrored in the promotion and marketing of these foodstuffs, especially in Europe (Tregear and Giraud 2011). ...
... Previous research (e.g., Meah and Watson 2013;Silva et al. 2021) on provenance food products has mainly focused on circumstances of production, geographical paths and distance to commercialization sites, alternative food networks and short supply chains as signs of an apparent global shift away from massification, defined by Goodman (2003) as a "quality turn" in food practices. However, the role of (often small) specialty food shops in promoting rural provenance foods in urban settings and linkages between producers and territories of origin remains an underexplored topic. ...
... In this vein, alternative or nonconventional arrangements, such as consumer cooperatives, farmers' markets and direct sales initiatives (Kneafsey, Venn, and Bos 2017;Silva et al. 2021) are increasingly sought by consumers who care about the provenance and quality of food products. For these people, not only does the concrete origin site matter, but also the use of specific raw materials from that site, abiding by traditional recipes and practices (e.g., Meah and Watson 2013) that confer authenticity and distinction to the products. ...
This article analyzes how rural provenance foods are portrayed by the promotional materials, websites and social media issued by urban specialty stores in Portugal. Even though provenance food may be defined in multiple ways as, among others, local, regional, traditional, and authentic, provenance is mostly about territories of origin: their biophysical characteristics, cultural values and practices of food production and preparation with socioeconomic and historical features. Interest in and consumption of rural provenance foods have increased in the last few decades and more recently have been accompanied by a growth of specialty food stores in urban contexts. To analyze these stores’ role in promoting rural provenance foods, content analysis was conducted on 7489 text and image files, collected from the websites, social media pages and printed materials of 30 stores located in three Portuguese cities (Aveiro, Lisbon and Porto). Data shows that the role of these stores is not limited to the commercialization of food products, but is also key in the promotion and dissemination of their physical, sensorial and symbolic features as well as of the material and immaterial characteristics of their places of origin at local, regional and national scales.
... The interest of both consumers and retailers in rural provenance food products has increased in recent years [1,2]. According to Figueiredo [3], rural provenance foods may be defined as all the products whose distinct qualities are anchored in their rural place of production and are shaped by the respective biophysical conditions and food-related cultural traditions. ...
... The growing number (mainly in the last decade) of specialty stores selling rural provenance food in urban centers speaks favorably about new rural-urban connections and fluxes of people, products, capital, and knowledge [1,6]. It is argued that this recent phenomenon may influence the expansion and consolidation of agricultural production in In the last decade, the number of specialty food stores selling rural provenance products has increased in urban centers. ...
... It is argued that this recent phenomenon may influence the expansion and consolidation of agricultural production in In the last decade, the number of specialty food stores selling rural provenance products has increased in urban centers. The different identities and roles played by these stores in promoting rural provenance foods and rural development has only recently attracted attention [1,3]. This is guided by the premise that as venues selling foodstuffs with characteristics indissociable of their provenance, these stores may act as showcases of the territories of origin, ways of production, and symbolic dimensions of local, regional, and cultural identities [3]. ...
Consumers’ food preferences increasingly meet concerns of authenticity, health, origin, and sustainability, altogether attributes embodied in rural provenance food products. The dynamics of production, commercialization, and availability of these products in urban centers are growing stronger. This study aims to explore rural provenance food consumption and underlying motivations, the consumers’ images of products and provenance areas, and the influence of rural ties in consumption. Data from a survey directed to 1554 consumers of 24 urban specialty stores located in three Portuguese cities were analyzed. The analysis is based on the differences between frequent and sporadic consumers of Portuguese rural provenance food products. The two groups significantly differ in the reasons provided to acquire the products. Those who buy and consume these products more frequently especially value sensorial features, convenience, national provenance, and the impacts on rural development. Additionally, the motivations to choose rural provenance foods tend to pair with positive images of those products and of their territories of origin. This is intrinsically connected with familiarity, a nuclear notion that encompasses the symbolic images of the products and their origins as actual connections (familiar and otherwise) to rural contexts.
... was used as a dependent variable. The different answers to this question were then recoded into seven binary variables, corresponding to the different types of products: "Vegetables and subproducts", "Olive oil", "Honey, jams and canned products", "Cheese and other dairy products", "Wine and other drinks ", "Meat, sausages, and other subproducts of animal origin" [25]. These seven variables were used as inputs in a hierarchical cluster analysis, using Ward's method and the Euclidean distance square to identify homogeneous groups of stores. ...
... Although the central and west Alentejo regions are more relevant, the products from the Douro and Terras de Trás-os-Montes regions are equally important for the stores located in this city. In this sense, it is possible to conclude that even though the stores located in the two cities considered seem to essentially value products from the closest regions, the stores located in the city of Lisbon seek to sell products from almost the entire country, which is in line with what is referred to by ref. [25]. The "Wine Focused" cluster stores more often sell products from the northern region of the country, especially from the Douro sub-region. ...
The asymmetries between rural and urban areas have continued to increase over the last decades, contributing to an imbalance of economic, social, and territorial dimensions between regions. Urban stores specialized in the commercialization of rural provenance agri-food products can have a role in the promotion of interrelations between the countryside and the cities and contribute to publicizing and promoting rural regions among the urban populations and tourists. Thus, this work aims to understand and characterize the growth of these stores in two of the main urban and tourist centers of Oporto and Lisbon. For this purpose, we developed an analytical framework with the support of a spatial analysis using geographic information systems (GIS) to understand their organization as well as the spatiotemporal evolution and distribution. We also investigated the geographical patterns of the supply chains of marketed agri-food products and the spatial relationships between agri-food products from their production to their commercialization and consumption. The results revealed that most of the agri-food products originate in the inland rural regions of the country with a clear geographical connection between the analyzed stores and specific territories. Moreover, we verify an increased interest and consumption of agri-food products and a spontaneous increase in this type of store. Overall, these stores, in addition to selling agri-food products, are also promoters of rural territories in an urban environment.
... Para isto, importa compreender e caracterizar as principais as transformações ocorridas nos últimos anos nos territórios rurais, com especial enfoque nas áreas de origem dos produtos agroalimentares vendidos nas lojas analisadas no âmbito do projeto. Como discutido no Capítulo 2, para além da comercialização dos produtos agroalimentares de proveniência rural, estas lojas têm um papel na divulgação e promoção dos territórios rurais junto das populações urbanas nacionais e dos turistas internacionais (Figueiredo, 2021;Silva et al., 2021). Neste sentido, analisar e mapear as características destas lojas, designadamente, a sua área de influência, os padrões geográficos das cadeias de abastecimento dos produtos agroalimentares comercializados, e as relações espaciais entre produtores e comerciantes é também um objetivo importante do presente capítulo. ...
... Como mencionado anteriormente neste volume, a localização destas lojas nos centros urbanos é fundamental para o fomentar daquelas relações, uma vez que promovem os produtos e os seus territórios de origem junto de um número crescente de consumidores urbanos cada vez mais interessados naqueles produtos (e.g. Silva et al., 2021). Por outro lado, o potencial destas lojas associa-se igualmente ao crescimento do turismo ao longo dos últimos anos, contribuindo para -através da promoção dos lugares de proveniência dos produtos -para a atratividade dos territórios rurais (e.g. ...
A Europa é um complexo de territórios rurais e urbanos, com as populações a viverem de formas muito diferentes, mas enfrentando desafios comuns. De facto, podemos considerar que as populações das cidades e dos campos são mutuamente dependentes, sendo necessário promover inter-relações mais duradouras entre estes territórios para um futuro mais sustentável. A Comissão Europeia através da sua política de coesão, investe mais de um terço do seu orçamento na promoção de um desenvolvimento inteligente, sustentável e inclusivo em toda a Europa. O objetivo é que todas as regiões, urbanas ou rurais, tenham igual acesso aos benefícios do crescimento. Isto mesmo é defendido no projeto ROBUST, que advoga exatamente que "a criação de ligações fortes e de apoio mútuo entre as áreas rurais e urbanas é fundamental para concretizar um desenvolvimento inteligente, circular e inclusivo para uma Europa sustentável" (ROBUST, 2017). A necessidade de promover novas eou renovadas relações entre os territórios rurais e urbanos é evidente aos mais variados níveis, quer políticos, ambientais, sociais e económicos. Como já referido no Capítulo 1, Portugal caracteriza-se pela existência de persistentes assimetrias entre o litoral e o interior, entre o rural e o urbano, entre os territórios densamente povoados e os de baixa densidade. Estas assimetrias não são um fenómeno recente, mas representam antes uma dinâmica de longa duração. Fenómenos como o despovoamento, o envelhecimento, o abandono das explorações agrícolas, são características da ruralidade portuguesa. Se aos territórios rurais juntarmos as pequenas cidades, as vastas áreas florestais, as áreas de produção e de conservação da natureza, temos a noção de que os territórios rurais, especialmente os de baixa densidade ocupam hoje a maior parte do país, em termos da sua área (Oliveira Baptista et al., 2003).
... ➢ The growing number, especially in the last decade, of specialty shops selling these products within urban centers, appealing to both residents and tourists, and contributing to foster agriculture and rural areas' attractiveness and development (Silva et al., 2021). ...
... ➢ The Wine Focused (selling wine and other beverages); ➢ The Rural Provenance Focused (selling rural provenance foods) and ➢ The Generalist (including diverse products from various provenances) (Silva et al., 2021) ➢ This paper focuses only on the foreign customers (N=373) of those shops. In the data collection and analysis, only Portuguese food products were considered. ...
This paper intends to analyze foreign consumers representations and behaviors regarding Portuguese rural provenance food products. Based on data collected through a questionnaire applied to the customers of food stores located in Aveiro, Lisbon and Porto (N=1553), the paper focuses on the foreign customers (N=373) from 29 countries, especially Brazil, France, Angola, Spain and Germany. Quality, taste, appearance, freshness and the Portuguese origin stand out as common attributes of foreigner consumers’ representations.
... The cost of the LANCET diet is 1.6 and 1.2 times the cost of the actual intake and recommended diets in India respectively. While the Indian diet is environmentally more sustainable, a nutritious diet of the global standard is beyond the reach of the poor [12,13]. The clinical symptoms of nutrient deficiency were not visible in the majority (85.33 to 100%) of subjects and the morbidity status of families indicated that only 40.67, 38.00 and 36.67 per cent of the respondents had a cold, cough and fever, respectively in the past three months. ...
India experienced a massive change in food consumption patterns. There has been a decline in cereal, especially coarse cereal intake whereas consumption of other food items (fruits, vegetables, meat products and milk products) has slightly increased particularly in rural Haryana. These changes vary across socio-economic groups, which have implications for intergroup inequalities. This paper attempts to show food consumption patterns across selected social and economic groups and identifies food consumption regions in India. This paper shows that the food purchasing pattern of farm families revealed that vegetables (other than leafy) were highly purchased food items, with an average quantity of 14.7 kg per month. Therefore, there is a need to make them aware of different consumer laws.
... The questionnaire, including the categories used in the Likert scales to measure producers' perceptions and motivations, was elaborated based on the literature review (Bowen and De Master, 2011;Fonte, 2008;Ilbery and Kneafsey, 2000;Kneafsey et al., 2017). The categories of food products and types of selling venues were created based on Silva et al. (2021). The shops were contacted to provide a detailed list of the producers supplying them with Portuguese rural provenance (certified or not) food products, resulting in 134 contacts. ...
The certification of origin and quality of rural provenance foods paves routes of protection and promotion of the products and the territories. While the importance of certification at socioeconomic, policy, and consumption levels has been addressed in previous research, the views of other key stakeholders-the producers-remain somehow underexplored. The present study contributes to this topic by analyzing data from a survey of producers (n=104) working with urban specialty shops located in three Portuguese cities. The sample was examined considering the differences between those who produce certified food products (n=74) and those who do not (n=30). Chi-square tests were used to compare the socio-demographic features, type of products produced and selling venues. Independent samples T-tests were applied to compare the differences between producers' motivations, perceived challenges, and impacts of the production. Findings indicate that producers of certified products have distinct motivations, and value different aspects of their productions, namely to contribute to sustainable and healthier production and consumption and to the preservation of local and traditional ways of producing. They also perceive more positive economic impacts on rural places of provenance and tend to value more the Portuguese food products' image.
... However, these efforts have concentrated on the protection of small family farm holdings as individual agents with social and territorial functions, without necessarily highlighting their food production capacity [23]. Some academic debates around local foods' consumption in Portugal have largely focused on urban centres and food policy constraints [20,24,25]. ...
Local food studies have stressed the importance of local food systems (LFS) in shortening the linkages between producers and consumers and in promoting resilient territories. Food consumption patterns are mostly studied around rural-urban dynamics, urban food security, and the revitalisation of rural communities, but little is known about the impact of LFS over rural residents and their capacity to access local foods. This paper explores the development of LFS in rural areas, from a food access approach, by characterising the rural landscapes promoting local food consumption. From a mapping of 74 predominately rural municipalities, statistical data of six socioeconomic and political variables were collected to depict each municipality. A cluster analysis and Pearson's correlation test informed us about the factors enabling these networks to emerge. Three clusters were identified: 'meso-urban', (N = 5) presenting urban-like characteristics (higher income and education levels, and reduced road infrastructure and small-scale farming); 'dense', (N = 26) characterised by high population density, road infrastructure and small-scale farming; and 'castaway' (N = 43) with low population density, income, post-secondary education, and expenditure in RD in agriculture. LFS emergence in rural Portugal was strongly determined by the levels of mean income and education levels in rural municipalities, which brought into question concerns regarding rural residents' capacity to consume local foods. Low physical access, purchasing capacity, and awareness of food issues appeared to compromise the utilisation of these foods by the most socioeconomically disfavoured groups. However, other territorial externalities and empirical work not included in this study could further complement our findings and provide a richer picture for the localisation of food systems in rural areas.
Get
access
Share icon
Skip to Main Content
Taylor and Francis Online homepage
Log in | Register
Search in:
Journal of Food Products Marketing
Latest Articles
0
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
2
Altmetric
Research Article
Consuming Rural Territories through Food – A Segmentation Analysis Based on the Food Choices of Urban Specialty Stores’ Customers
Elisabete FigueiredoORCID Icon,Teresa ForteORCID Icon,Celeste EusébioORCID Icon,Alexandre SilvaORCID Icon &Mónica TruningerORCID Icon
Published online: 24 Nov 2022
Download citation
https://doi.org/10.1080/10454446.2022.2150831
CrossMark LogoCrossMark
ABSTRACT
The increasing interest of consumers in rural provenance food products is known to meet concerns regarding authenticity, health, safety, and sustainability and to be based on knowledge and familiarity. Based on the results of a survey to 1553 customers of 24 urban specialty shops, located in three Portuguese cities, this study aims at identifying different segments of consumers of rural provenance foods according to the criteria they value when acquiring and consuming those products. From a hierarchical cluster analysis based on shopping preferences, three clusters were identified: The Influenced, choosing the products mainly by recommendation; The Provenance Seekers, privileging provenance and related qualities; and The All-embracers, considering a multiplicity of criteria when shopping. These clusters differ in terms of socio-demographic profiles, products bought, consumption behavior, familiarity with rural areas, and images of food products and territories of provenance. Results show the mutual influence of these dimensions on food preferences.
O presente livro apresenta um conjunto de resultados obtidos no âmbito do projeto STRINGS. Importa referir que alguns dos resultados aqui divulgados foram já objeto de análise e discussão em conferências internacionais e nacionais sobre temáticas relacionadas com as várias dimensões estudadas no projeto. É igualmente importante referir que alguns dos resultados aqui apresentados foram também já apresentados em artigos científicos publicados em revistas internacionais e em capítulos de livros. Assim, esta obra pretende essencialmente divulgar aqueles resultados em língua Portuguesa, não apenas junto das entidades, agentes e indivíduos que colaboraram de perto com o projeto STRINGS, mas também junto de investigadores, professores e estudantes interessados por estas temáticas, agentes de desenvolvimento rural e do público nacional em geral. Para além disso, tendo em conta que uma parte relevante do material empírico recolhido no âmbito do projeto foi obtido durante alguns períodos de fortes constrangimentos às atividades de comercialização e consumo de produtos alimentares, devido às medidas restritivas de combate à Covid-19 (e.g. confinamentos mais ou menos prolongados e subsequentes limitações de horários do comércio alimentar, assim como o fecho de lojas em alguns períodos), o presente livro constitui-se, em certa medida, como um documento com alguma importância histórica. Isto porque retrata, até certo ponto, a forma como produtores, distribuidores, retalhistas e consumidores foram impelidos a reconfigurar algumas das suas práticas para enfrentar os efeitos socioeconómicos decorrentes da pandemia.
Atendendo aos objetivos do projeto e às dimensões analisadas no âmbito do mesmo, anteriormente elencados, este volume estrutura-se em sete partes que integram treze capítulos. A primeira parte, constituída pelo presente capítulo, enquadra a relevância da temática geral do projeto STRINGS no contexto nacional, assim como apresenta os seus objetivos e os procedimentos metodológicos adotados, refletindo sobre a relevância do estudo dos percursos e papeis dos produtos agroalimentares de proveniência rural a partir das lojas urbanas especializadas na sua comercialização. A segunda parte integra três capítulos que analisam e refletem sobre a importância do comércio dos produtos agroalimentares de proveniência rural nas cidades, apresentando uma proposta de tipologia das lojas urbanas especializadas (Capítulo 2), a sua evolução e ligações com os territórios rurais com base numa análise espacial (Capítulo 3) e a caracterização dos proprietários daquelas lojas, em termos das suas motivações, mas também dos desafios que enfrentam e das suas representações, quer do papel que estas lojas podem desempenhar na valorização daqueles produtos, quer no desenvolvimento agrícola e rural do país.
A terceira parte deste volume é dedicada à apresentação e discussão das estratégias de promoção e marketing utilizadas pelas lojas relativamente aos produtos agroalimentares de proveniência rural. Partindo da análise dos materiais promocionais criados e/ ou utilizados pelas lojas, procura-se assim, no Capítulo 5, discutir a forma como é realizada a promoção dos próprios produtos e dos seus territórios de origem, sem esquecer a das próprias lojas e dos seus clientes (Capítulo 6). Nesta terceira parte, com base nos dados obtidos a partir das
31
entrevistas semiestruturadas conduzidas junto dos proprietários e/ ou gerentes das lojas especializadas, analisam-se as suas montras como veículos privilegiados de divulgação e promoção de territórios e produtos.
Os Capítulos 8 e 9 constituem a quarta parte desta obra, versando sobre a dimensão do consumo dos produtos agroalimentares de proveniência rural. Num primeiro momento, e a partir dos resultados obtidos junto de uma amostra de 1553 clientes das lojas analisadas, discutem-se as motivações, preferências e práticas dos consumidores deste tipo de produtos, analisando igualmente as inter-relações das mesmas com as ligações aos territórios rurais e as representações sobre os mesmos. Num segundo momento, debate-se o modo como o consumo dos produtos agroalimentares de proveniência rural contribui para a atratividade turística dos territórios de origem, determinando a sua procura.
A quinta parte debruça-se sobre a produção e a distribuição dos produtos agroalimentares aqui analisados, caracterizando os seus produtores e distribuidores, as suas motivações, desafios e perceções (Capítulo 10), com base nos resultados obtidos a partir do inquérito por questionário, dirigido respetivamente a 104 produtores e 40 distribuidores. Também neste capítulo se procura procura traçar muito brevemente os percursos dos produtos entre os campos e as cidades, ou seja, desde os locais de produção até aos locais de comercialização e consumo.
As representações sobre os produtos, os territórios de origem e a atividade agrícola são objeto de análise e debate na quarta parte deste livro e no Capítulo 11, a partir dos resultados obtidos junto de consumidores, produtores, distribuidores e, com menor ênfase, de retalhistas dos produtos agroalimentares rurais. Neste Capítulo discutem-se concretamente as diferenças entre os vários agentes e atores, o seu conteúdo e a forma como podem moldar diferentes motivações, práticas e imagens.
Finalmente, a sétima e última parte é dedicada à sistematização e integração dos principais resultados discutidos nos capítulos anteriores, sendo igualmente apresentadas algumas linhas orientadoras que poderão informar políticas públicas destinadas à valorização dos produtos agroalimentares nacionais, assim como aos processos de produção e comercialização dos mesmos. Concretamente discute-se, no último capítulo desta obra (Capítulo 12) o papel que estes produtos têm no desenvolvimento agrícola e rural em Portugal, assim como na promoção de novas ou renovadas relações entre os campos e as cidades. Os coordenadores esperam que os capítulos reunidos neste volume possam fornecer uma visão oportuna e sustentada sobre estes aspetos em Portugal, numa época em que crescentemente se têm discutido questões a eles relacionadas, como a soberania e segurança alimentar, a produção nacional e os circuitos curtos de abastecimento alimentar, assim como a sustentabilidade agrícola e das comunidades rurais. Esperamos, assim, que o livro que agora editamos possa fornecer um contributo relevante para estes debates.
This study aims to identify the consumer profile of gourmet products and describe their purchase and consumption habits. For this, a study was developed based on an accidental sample composed of 300 individuals. The gourmet products consumed were of national origin, Trás-os-Montes region, certified and producers brand. Of the 110 respondents who consumed gourmet products, most of them did it 1 to 4 times a week. The most consumed gourmet products were olive oil, sausages, wine and cheeses. The most valued characteristics were flavor and aroma. Flavor reliability and unique characteristics were identified as differentiating attributes of gourmet products. The purchase was made by the woman or the couple who selected the place of purchase and the products based on the price. Consumers were looking for gourmet products with practical packaging, advertised on television and the Internet and promoted using tasting. It was possible to conclude that the consumer of gourmet products was more sophisticated than the others. In fact, they were willing to pay up to 50% more for gourmet products, which reveals the growth potential of the gourmet market.
With the emergence of the specialty stores in the last decades, this research address the following question: “Are there segments within specialty food retail customers?”; and further: “What are the main characteristics of these customer segments?”. Data from a sample of 597 consumers residing in the US was analyzed through two-step cluster analysis. Results suggest that specialty food retail customers could be segmented in “foodies”, “standalone rationals”, “cherry-pickers” and “indulgencers”. Therefore, retail customers cannot be seen as a homogenous group and retailers could manage specialty food stores as four different retail settings.
Information on grocery shopping patterns is one key to understanding dietary changes in recent years in Spain. This report presents an overview of Spanish food shopping patterns in the adult population. A cross-sectional, nationally representative telephone survey was conducted in Spain. Individuals were asked about food shopping responsibility roles, types of visited food stores, time spent, additional behaviors while shopping, the influence of marketing/advertising and, in particular, fresh produce shopping profile. Binary logistic regression models were developed. The final random sample included 2026 respondents aged ≥18 years, of which 1223 were women and 803 were men. Women reported being in charge of most of the food shopping activities. Looking for best prices, more than looking for healthy or sustainable foods, seemed to be a general behavior. Supermarkets were the preferred retail spaces for food price consideration, convenience, variety and availability. Fresh produce shopping was associated with traditional markets and neighborhood stores in terms of reliance and personalized service. It is essential to highlight the importance of the role played by women. They are the main supporters concerned in preserving adequate dietary habits. Economic factors, more than health or food sustainability, are commonly considered by the population. Traditional markets may play an important role in preserving some healthy dietary habits of the Mediterranean food culture in Spain.
Reflecting the growing interest from both consumers and policymakers, and building on recent developments in Willingness to Pay (WTP) methodologies, we evaluate consumer preferences for an archetypal traditional food product. Specifically we draw on stated preference data from a discrete choice experiment, considering the traditional Hungarian mangalitza salami. A WTP space specification of the generalized multinomial logit model is employed, which accounts for not only heterogeneity in preferences but also differences in the scale of the idiosyncratic error term. Results indicate that traditional food products can command a substantial premium, albeit contingent on effective quality certification, authentic product composition and effective choice of retail outlet. Promising consumer segments and policy implications are identified.
The issue of how well retailers predict consumers' preferences and requirements for food products has seldom been examined in literature. This paper deals with this issue focusing on the specific case of mountain food products (MFP) in Europe. Due to consumers' imperfect knowledge of MFP and the absence of an official definition of these products, retailers are surrounded with uncertainty about how to market these products and especially about how consumers perceive and assess MFP. In this paper, we analyse retailers' perceptions as regards MFP and the extent to which they match consumers' views. Results reveal that retailers' perceptions differ by country. They also show that retailers associated with 'alternative' supply chains seem to have a more accurate perception of consumers' preferences as regards MFP.
A geographical indication (GI), which is one of the intellectual property rights, is a sign used on goods that have a specific geographical origin and possess qualities, reputation or characteristics that are essentially attributable to that origin (WIPO, 2012). In general, GIs draw attention to product quality, local identity and cultural traditions such as Champagne, Cuban Cigars, Roquefort Cheese, Turkish Carpet etc. GIs provide differentiated and high value-added products to local producers in the rural areas while the willingness of the purchasing these kind of traditional products are high. The way of benefit from the marketing power of GIs is an effective registration system and also active marketing process is required to gain a place in domestic and world market. In the context of rural development and marketing, the purpose of this study is to investigate the application of GIs in Turkey along with famous examples around the world and to raise the awareness of the importance of GI for the rural development. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer review under responsibility of Prof. Dr. Huseyin Arasli
This article examines the dynamics of knowledge in the valorisation of local food, drawing on the results from the CORASON project (A ‘cognitive approach to rural sustainable development the dynamics of expert and lay knowledge’). It is based on the analysis of several in-depth case studies on food relocalisation carried out in 10 European countries (Ireland, Scotland, Sweden, Germany, Norway, Poland, Italy, Portugal, Spain and Greece). In the different fields of rural studies (rural sociology, geography, anthropology) there is currently a wide debate about the relocalisation of food production and consumption. Born out of a critique of the ‘conventionalisation’ of organic agriculture, attention to local food has grown in recent years to assume the features of a new orthodoxy or paradigm that is now undergoing, as is suitable to any orthodoxy, deep and critical scrutiny. Many points are discussed, from the definition of ‘local’ to its transformative role in the current agri-food system and rural community, whether relocalisation of food is a sustainable strategy and whether its character is radical or merely reformist. The perspective adopted here, which is relatively neglected in the literature, derives from the overall focus of CORASON on the role of knowledge in rural development. We look at the valorisation of local food as a knowledge-based practice that mobilises the various forms of knowledge embodied in both rural and non-rural actors. Following knowledge in the valorisation of food leads us to differentiate between patterns of food relocalisation across Europe and to analyse the interplay among knowledge forms and actors in the contested construction of the local food project.
En el contexto de la crisis de los modelos alimentarios en el siglo XXI, las producciones agroalimentarias están en un período de redescubrimiento. Las autoras analizan las principales estrategias que tienen los actores locales para perseguir la valorización de los recursos locales con identidad territorial; para luego ahondar en las políticas de diferenciación de los productos con marcas colectivas certifi-cadas. Finalmente, se ponen en evidencia las relaciones entre productos típicos, conservación de la agrobiodiversidad y conocimientos locales. Aquí se articula el debate sobre valorización de los productos típicos con el debate internacional sobre el conocimiento tradicional y el folclor, que se ha generado a partir de la preocupación internacional sobre la erosión de la biodiversidad y los conocimientos locales.
In this paper we explore the development and incidence of alternative food networks within a European-wide context. By developing a consistent definition of short food supply chains, we address both the morphology and the dynamics of these, and then examine empirical evidence concerning their incidence and rural development impact across seven EU member states. These developments need to be seen as one significant contribution to the current transitions in rural Europe concerning the crisis of conventional intensive and productivist agriculture and the public consumer pressure for a larger variety of distinctive 'quality' food products.
Short food supply chains (SFSCs) have become a topic of growing interest among consumers, researchers and public bodies in Europe. There is a need to increase demand in SFSCs so that solutions to improve the environmental sustainability of logistics can be delivered. Our study aimed to achieve a better understanding of SFSCs in terms of potential market niches, key food choice attributes, and perceived barriers and drivers. This research provided valuable information to establish guidelines to attract more consumers to participate in SFSCs. The study was approached from a consumer broad perspective, this is done thanks to an analysis of a database that contains three different samples of consumers: active SFSC consumers (N=394), potential SFSC consumers (N=422) and the general public in Spain (N=1,153). The findings suggested that there are common market niches between SFSCs and organic and local food. On the other hand, the correlation between Protected Designation Origin products and SFSCs was weaker and remains unclear. Food information and its health attributes seemed to be key elements to attract consumers to SFSCs. Product quality was a core element for consumers to buy directly to producers. On a second level, rural development support and direct contact with producers were also important drivers of these chains. Lack of convenience and difficulties to find a reliable farmer were the major barriers to buy directly from producers. Furthermore, limited variety and prices were also noteworthy limitations, especially for active consumers in SFSCs. Food safety control was also a remarkable concern for potential SFSC consumers. In Spain, SFSCs have room to grow by covering their potential consumers’ necessities and tackling main inconveniences with the support of well-targeted policies. Producers that are involved in short chains could take advantage of identified market niches, along with providing consumers with valuable food information including health attributes. Policies have to support SFSCs by tackling main identified barriers and bringing producers and consumers closer.
The aim of this chapter is to reflect on rural provenance food as cultural heritage, discussing at the same time its contribution to promoting rural development and renewed rural-urban connections in Portugal. This chapter takes a selection of urban retailers (the so-called gourmet or specialized stores) located in Lisbon, Portugal, as the starting point of the discussion. In fact, in commercializing rural food products—generally perceived as higher quality and presenting unique characteristics—urban retailers are selling a piece of the countryside, a piece of specific terroirs, a piece of cultural identity, and a particular vision of the world and savoir-faire. Based on the content analysis of the stores' promotional materials, it is possible to conclude that a growing gourmetization and heritagization in the commercialization of rural provenance food products is taking place in urban contexts. The promotion of foodstuffs held by the stores also relies on the claim that provenance matters, whether that provenance is portrayed as local, regional, or national.
Local food can be purchased through intermediated marketing channels, such as grocery stores, or through direct-to-consumer marketing channels, for instance, farmers markets. While the number of farms that utilize direct-to-consumer outlets keeps growing, the value of direct-to-consumer sales has reached a plateau. At the same time, intermediated sales continue to rise. If consumers prefer to purchase local food through intermediated channels, then policies designed to support direct channels may be misguided. Using an online choice experiment, this paper investigates consumers' willingness to pay for local food differentiated by marketing channel. We find that, on average, consumers are willing to pay a premium for local food. However, they are not willing to pay premiums for local food that is sold at farmers markets, and discount it when it is purchased directly from an urban farm. Our findings can be used by farmers, marketers and policy makers to develop a better understanding of consumers' motivation for buying local through various channels.
A powerful cultural concept not easily translated into English, terroir both contains and communicates valuable associations about place. Because terroir is an important way to communicate with US consumers, food producers work to draw upon valuable associations between food products and their particular places of origin. In this paper, I put forward a notion of terroir as a conceptual terrain on which artisan food entrepreneurs negotiate with the potentially fraught relationship between the place where their food products originate and the associations that US consumers might have about those particular places. This in-depth case study analysis examines the complete collection of a transnational gourmet food company’s commercial Facebook posts (N = 1485) in order to illustrate how a food-producing firm both creates and revises its virtual identity online through strategic attention to terroir. Because few studies have examined the virtual strategies of artisan food producers with regard to the emplacement of terroir, this project undertakes a richly descriptive case study design by focusing on a transnational specialty food firm based in Indonesia. Its analysis suggests that artisan entrepreneurs can strategically rescale terroir in order to create positive (and therefore, valuable) associations in the face of potentially negative ones.
The relationship between cities and retail is strong and historical. This article focuses on the analysis of traditional retail markets, a retail concept that has lost its relevance in previous decades. However, more recently there has been a reversal of this trend following increased interest in the rehabilitation of these markets. This reinvestment follows the divestment stage and is characterised by the active role that private interests play in the management and operation of these retail precincts. This evolutionary process challenges the capacity of traditional retailers to continue their operations in these markets and the ability of disadvantaged customers to continue shopping there. Furthermore, this development may be indicative of retail gentrification. In this article, the ongoing process of market rehabilitation in Lisbon is analysed to determine whether evidence of retail gentrification has occurred. The use of case studies forms a significant part of the methodology. In addition, eleven retailers were interviewed in three traditional retail markets in Lisbon. The article concludes that direct displacement did not occur in the markets studies. However, because of the divestment in these retail precincts, indirect displacement did affect several retailers.
This paper conducts a cultural political economy (CPE) analysis of consumers’ semiotic and material construals of alternative food networks (AFN). It starts by outlining, in the context of debate over AFN, why CPE is a useful analytical tool. The collection of talk data from 40 respondents, and food consumption data from 20 respondents, is outlined and explained. Talk data reveal that interviewees construe conventional and alternative food networks differently based on values relating to food quality judgements, provenance and trust, and alternativeness. Consumption data demonstrate respondents’ material engagement with conventional and, to a lesser extent, alternative food networks. The paper concludes that CPE is a productive framework for analysing AFN qua a subaltern economic imaginary, and that it can help to set them on ‘firmer’ ground, both ontologically and normatively.
The unglamorous leek is an everyday foodstuff in a British supermarket, but its meaning is constructed through the interplay of a range of non-human materialities including the plant, its packaging and its information dense labels. This chapter examines the variations in the ways in which leeks are marketed in different supermarkets, with a particular focus on how they can be traced back to their roots in British fields. We examine the ways in which non-human and virtual entities ‘bring to life’ the human producers of the leeks in a bid to mimic the reconnection that is sought through local food systems. We use the example of the leeks to explore what is happening to food supply chains, urban-rural connections and rural representations as farmers and retailers build new modes of working and as social media tools open up virtual access to the people growing our food.
This paper conceptualizes place branding narratives that mobilize local food and contemporary gastronomic trends by revisiting the notion of terroir (taste of place) as a strategic marketing asset. In particular, it explores how rural tourism destinations with little or no gastronomic heritage exploit the discourses of New Nordic Food to create a distinct sense of place. An extensive review of the literature identifies two conservationist strategies by which terroir narratives are constructed (accreditation and patrimonialization), neither of which fully captures the particular rhetorical approaches shaping the Nordic terroir. Drawing on empirical illustrations from Danish rural destinations, the paper argues that terroir can be reproduced and invented through manipulative rhetorical approaches and identifies two novel, transformational strategies framing terroir narratives (exoticizing and enterprising). The paper contributes with a conceptual model conceived through a unique combination of place-specific (typicality) themes and market-specific ideologies, which has the explanatory power to distinguish Nordic terroir narratives from earlier articulations of taste of place.
Although local food consumption is growing in importance, there remains a lack of research that addresses local food consumption preferences in less developed countries. This paper aims to examine the drivers of local food purchase intentions for Chilean consumers. A model of local food behavioural intention was developed from consumer behaviour theory. The model was tested by using structural equation modelling with data from Chilean shoppers located in Santiago (n=283). The analysis revealed that consumers’ positive attitude towards buying local food and connectedness to the local environment had a positive effect on local food purchase intention. The results also find that Chilean consumers are willing to purchase local food based on their positive attitude towards buying local food and their feelings of connectedness with the environment, but not because they desire to support their local businesses. This has implications for retailers, marketers and food producers
Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to describe generic eating out experiences that can be provided by commercial eating out establishments, presenting a typology of experience providers.
Design/methodology/approach
– The research carried out sought to make an understanding of the experiential environments in which eating-out is performed, as well as the experiences that it seeks to produce, and was conducted from a market-orientated ethnography in selected markets from the UK and Brazil.
Findings
– Six ideal models of service providers, according to the main characteristics of the stimulus provided by the service encounter, were identified: authentic, relaxed, “all you can eat”, “as home”, efficient and distinction environment. The diversity of food service environments is somehow an answer to the diversity of customers and expectations regarding eating-out. The access of different social classes to eating-out opens the space for more variety, and the creativity that food service managers have on building an appropriate set of stimulus, is a distinctive skill.
Research limitations/implications
– The restaurant side of experience encounters was the focus of analysis, but for a deeper understanding of experiential consumption on eating out these results must be confronted to consumer research based on psychophysical methods to assess consumer responses to eating out.
Originality/value
– Theoretical implications of this paper rely on the understanding that there are distinct forms of service encounters, providing an alternative view of servicescapes that allows a better understanding of business strategies and host-guest relationships on food service.
This paper assesses consumers' preferences and willingness to pay for European Union geographical indication quality labels [Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) and Protected Geographical Indications (PGI)], organic farming label and other product quality cues. Using a choice experiment, random parameter logit model and olive oil as product of interest, results suggest that respondents are willing to pay the highest premium price for a product with a PDO label, followed by organic farming label, a quality cue describing the product as extra‐virgin olive oil and then a PGI label.
Despite the plethora of studies on the behavior and values of consumers, research in the social sciences tends to sideline the role of the cultural dimension of consumption in the assessment of vitality and resilience of urban retail systems. However, given the tendency for retailers to make consumers a key element in their strategies, the cultural approach seems to be a valuable alternative to firm-centric analysis. This paper seeks to face this challenge mobilizing the lens of Consumer Culture Theory (CCT). The aim is to show why consumerscapes matter in the assessment of urban retail resilience. According to Arnould (2005), CCT allows us to capture the motivating social and cultural contexts of retail patronage and purchasing behaviors and the myriad of motivating factors behind the retail purchase decision. People have a variety of projects that they tend to realize through shopping practices and consumption, and retailers offer the range of resources they need to accomplish such projects. Bearing these ideas in mind, we suggest that in order to assess the resilience of urban retailing we need to know the extent to which the different shopping districts provide consumers with the range of resources they want so as to fulfill their projects, and how retailers and public authorities can, in the long term, sustain or improve the levels of consumer satisfaction. These ideas are discussed both in a theoretical and empirical way supported by the data collected from consumer surveys carried out in three neighborhood shopping districts in Greater Lisbon.
Using a case study from County Clare (Ireland), this study critically analyses notions of ‘local’ rural production. It investigates where rural businesses source the different components of their products and how these interrelate with the locality, how local businesses use the notion of ‘local’ in their product branding, and what the socio-economic and political constraints and opportunities are for businesses seeking to foreground the ‘local’ in their business marketing. Echoing critical studies on the notion and use of ‘local’ in rural product branding (e.g. Burnett and Danson, 2004; Ilbery and Maye's; Feagan, 2007; Darby et al., 2008; Giovannucci et al., 2010), we argue that even remote rural areas such as County Clare in western Ireland have become so embedded in globalised economic and decision-making pathways that the ‘local’ in rural product branding only remains ‘local’ as a relic process associated with past localized rural production activities.
This case study investigates attitudes towards delicatessen and speciality food for consumers in the North West region. The speciality food sector has experienced above average industry growth over recent years. The UK market for speciality food and drink was £3.3 billion in 2001, according to market analyst Datamonitor, which predicts sales will grow by 5.5 per cent over the next five years. The heart of the category, the traditional speciality counter, shows clear signs of being seriously under threat. Market forces have put speciality food into a paradoxical situation – growing in response to demand while simultaneously losing traditional small outlets. The traditional speciality counter needs to adapt in order to survive
In Spain, food distribution has been revolutionized over the past 15 years. Traditional food stores are in the process of slowly disappearing, while hypermarkets and supermarkets are increasing their presence, and more importantly, their market share.To better understand the causes behind this revolution, the existent literature on distribution trends, generally in Spain, has been examined.The Spanish distribution industry is marked by governmental deintermediation, consumers' orientation toward value and competitors' quest for efficiency through centralization, as well as the development of new services and micro marketing actions, with the objective of increasing customer loyalty.The case focuses on Spanish food product distribution, marked by the progressive drop in the number of traditional stores, the appearance of discounters specialized in the sale of own-brands and having aggressive prices, the notable growth of hypermarkets because of their diversified offering and near-cost prices and the success of supermarkets, rooted in their ability to open multiple points of sale, positioning themselves between hypermarkets and discounters.
The contemporary US food systemis characterized by both an unprecedentedconcentration of corporate control as well as afragmentation of sourcing and marketingprocesses, introducing both new constraints andnew opportunities for more localized foodsystems. The purpose of our study is to explorethese issues by investigating three keyquestions. First, what are the key trends inthe US grocery industry? Second, how dodifferent kinds of food outlets choose,procure, and promote food products? Finally,what are the implications of recent trends inthe food retailing process for strengtheninglocal flows of the production, distribution,and consumption of food? Background informationon the grocery industry and the results ofseven open-ended interviews conducted withowners and managers of grocery stores in oneupstate New York county indicate that theretailing process differs in complex ways fromstore to store and in most aspects cannot beinferred from store type. The paper concludeswith a discussion of the implications of ourfindings for local food system efforts,specifically in terms of new collaborationsamong producers, distributors, retailers, andshoppers, who play an indispensable role indeveloping viable alternatives to increasingcorporate control.
Cidade e Turismo: pistas para analisar as transformações em curso no centro hist orico de Lisboa
- L Baptista
- J Nofre
- M Jorge
Baptista, L., Nofre, J. and Jorge, M. (2018), "Mobilidade, Cidade e Turismo: pistas para analisar as
transformações em curso no centro hist orico de Lisboa", Sociologia: Revista da Faculdade de
Letras da Universidade do Porto, pp. 14-32, N umero tem atico -Cidade, cultura e turismo: novos
cruzamentos.
Apesar do ‘elevado dinamismo’, estão a fechar mais lojas em Lisboa do que as que abrem
- S Cristino
Cristino, S. (2018), "Apesar do 'elevado dinamismo', estão a fechar mais lojas em Lisboa do que as que
abrem", available at: https://ocorvo.pt/apesar-do-elevado-dinamismo-estao-a-fechar-mais-lojasem-lisboa-do-que-as-que-abrem/ (accessed 9 November 2020).
Top 100 city destination ranking
- Euromonitor International
Euromonitor International (2019), "Top 100 city destination ranking", available at: https://go.
euromonitor.com/white-paper-travel-2019-100-cities.html (accessed 10 February 2021).
Hóspedes nos alojamentos turísticos
- Pordata
Pordata (2020), "H ospedes nos alojamentos tur ısticos", available at: https://www.pordata.pt/Portugal/
H%c3%b3spedesþnosþalojamentosþtur%c3%adsticosþtotalþþresidentesþemþPortugal
þeþresidentesþnoþestrangeiro-2613-217313 (accessed 19 February 2021).
População estrangeira com estatuto legal de residente
- Pordata
Pordata (2020a), "População estrangeira com estatuto legal de residente", available at: https://www.
pordata.pt/Municipios/Popula%c3%a7%c3%a3oþestrangeiraþcomþestatutoþlegalþde
þresidenteþtotalþeþporþalgumasþnacionalidades-101 (accessed 19 February 2021).
- A E Segu I
Segu ı, A.E. (2011), "La Especializaci on del Sector Minorista de Alimentaci on en Dortmund
(Alemania)", Investigaciones Geogr aficas, Vol. 56, pp. 97-112.
A cidade e o campo: memórias e práticas alimentares de um grupo de consumidores urbanos
- M Truninger
Truninger, M. (2014), "A cidade e o campo: mem orias e pr aticas alimentares de um grupo de
consumidores urbanos", in Baudin, G. and Vaz, D.M. (Eds), Transação territorial: novas relações
cidade-campo, H umus, Vila Nova de Famalicão, pp. 61-74.