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Zaria Journal of Electrical Engineering Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria – Nigeria.
Vol. 10 No.1, March 2021. ISSN: 0261 – 1570.
12
INTERNET OF THING (IOT) BASED OFFICE AUTOMATION
SYSTEM
Abubakar, I. N.1, Ufot, E. G.,2 Dodo, U. A.,3 Okosun, O. E.,
4 Dodo, M. A.,5 Babalola, O.6
1Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Federal University of
Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria.
2Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Akwa Ibom State, University,
Ikot Akpaden, Nigeria
3Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Baze University, Abuja.
4Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Federal University of
Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria.
5Department of Electrical Engineering Technology, Federal Polytechnic P.M.B 55,
Bida, Niger State, Nigeria.
6Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Federal University of
Technology, Minna, Niger State Nigeria.
1is.abubakar@futminna.edu.ng,2ezekielufot@aksu.edu.ng,3usman.dodo@bazeuniversity.edu.ng,4o.okos
un@futminna.edu.ng, 5dodoalmustapha1@gmail.com,6oluwagbohunmi.babalola@st.futminna.edu.ng
(Corresponding author’s email is.abubakar@futminna.edu.ng)
Keywords: –
Automation
Arduino
ESP8266
Offices
Server
Website
Article History: –
Received: January, 2021
Reviewed: February, 2021
Accepted: March, 2021
Published: March, 2021
ABSTRACT
An IoT based office automation system is presented in this research paper. It’s important
for us to know that office automation system makes use of portable devices as an interface.
They can communicate with the internet, by means of a less power consuming
communication protocol like the wireless fidelity, ZigBee, cloud to mention but a few. The
sole aim of this research paper is to widget office appliances via website using wireless
fidelity (Wi-Fi) to be the interaction procedure whereas ESP8266 is the server system.
Hence, office appliances like bulb, fan and socket were controlled through website easily
in addition a push button can also be used to manually control the appliance. The results
show that the server communicated with the Arduino hardware circuit to control the
electrical appliances connected to it. This paper demonstrated how energy can be fully
conserved in offices.
.
1. INTRODUCTION
Conservation of energy has not been easy for many
office owners because of multiple appliances in the
office such as lightning points, fans, microwave oven,
photocopier machine, printer, computer, and socket
outlets. All these office appliances mentioned when
“ON” increases the rate of consumption in the electrical
energy and also increase electricity payment bill [3]-
[9]. Therefore, conservation of energy is the tactic of
reduction in energy consumption by the method of
shutting out wastage and preferment of efficiency. We
can minimize the rate of energy consumption by
applying different method of energy conservation
which includes the efficient use of technologies and
eschewing wastages [1]. One of the methods of
optimizing the use of energy and elimination of
wastages especially in the office is to develop an
intelligent operation called “OFFICE
AUTOMATION” [2]. An automation is the technique
by which a system is been controlled with lesser human
effort. Automation is the act or process of converting
the controlling or widget of a machine or device to a
more automatic system, such as computer or electronic
controls [13]-[18]. Also office Automation is the use of
several technologies (such as computer and
telecommunication) to aid the routine of the office
which in turn increases office productivity and assist
the quality of electrical output [18]-[21]. Hence, the act
of creating an automation system for office appliances
using internet of a things is to turn ON/OFF office
appliances when not in use. When a system is
controlled by an internet it is considered to be internet
of Things. Therefore, an (IoT) is an advancement in
technology in the sense that different electrical
appliances can be controlled through the internet [10]-
[12]. It is also the physical object that feature an IP
address for internet connectivity, and the
Zaria Journal of Electrical Engineering Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria – Nigeria.
Vol. 10 No.1, March 2021. ISSN: 0261 – 1570.
13
communication medium between objects and other
internet-enabled devices [22]. Automation is
categorized based on usage. It can either be automation
of home, office, industrial layout, building or
autonomous automation to mention a few [23]-[25]
Several studies and researches on automation has
brought about different techniques of design and
implementation of home and office automation such as
raspberry pi web based, email based, Arduino based
e.t.c [18].
This article demonstrated an (IoT) based office
automation system via the application of common web
server and Wi-Fi technology. It is made up of a charge
controller, battery, Arduino Uno, relays, and a Wireless
Fidelity Module. Mobile phone was used to read/switch
ON/OFF the appliances. It’s important for us to know
that the Wi-Fi technology was used in other to get the
radio frequency in other to transmit signal via the air.
Secondly, Arduino UNO was used as the controller in
this paper. The signal sent from mobile phone over Wi-
Fi was received by Wi-Fi module which in turn sends a
signal to the Arduino UNO. Finally, the Arduino UNO
then reads the signal and decides the switching action
of the electrical devices connected to it through relays.
This paper shows how an alternate source of energy like
a battery would boost the efficiency of the system in the
absence of the mains.
2. REVIEW OF RELATED WORKS
[2] Proposed an embedded system based internet of
Things for homes and offices. The author stated clearly
that devices both in homes and offices can be controlled
using Wi-Fi technology and android phones network
applications. At the end of the research the device was
able to provide an end-to-end interaction, scalability,
interoperability, security and other different functions
when compared to other smart appliances in the
network.
[4] Researched on smart office monitoring system
using IoT. It presents reliability on indoor office
automation system.
In [15] the design and implementation of smart office
automation system was considered. It stated that several
controlling systems are designed based on protection,
luminance, ventilation and lightning. Their work made
use of several sensors in other to extract real time
information.
[18] Proposed the implementation of smart office
automation system. This system make use of a smoke
sensor to detect fire outbreak and a fingerprint
identification module for security purpose. The system
consisted of different sensors connected to the
microcontroller. One of the sensor used in the system is
motion sensor, which senses the presence of human. It
also takes and record the number of people entering the
office.
[16] Worked on a smart office monitoring and control
system. The system was implemented through the aid
of a hardware and software. Raspberry Pi was the heart
of the system in terms of the automation. The Raspberry
reacted to the voice signal it received which in turn
control the switching position of the electrical
appliances, whereas the security of the system in the
office was dependent on the camera that is connected to
the raspberry pi.
[10] Described in his paper a robust system that is
secured, portable and cheap in terms of cost. The
Raspbian OS was activated by the ZigBee board.
[15) Has demonstrated a smart automation architecture
for the environment of an office. Different sensors
were used to excavate real time information such as the
intensity of light, smoke, humidity, temperature, and
motion. The ARM 11 controller received the signal
from the sensor and then send it to PC where the data
was saved.
[13] The purpose of this paper is to develop a home
automation system using android application.
Raspberry Pi was used as the input to the Android apps
which indicated the status of the component whether
ON or OFF.
[11] The real important of this is designing a Home
Automation System Using RF receivers is to create
automation system using radio frequency receiver (RF)
technology with four button key fob transmitter. In the
industry and medical system, the use of four button key
fob transmitter is highly productive for commercial use.
This system will also give the elderly and physically
challenge people the ability to control the electronics
appliances at home.
[9] Researched on IoT based Home appliance system.
This system allow office appliances to be controlled
wirelessly using a technology called IoT. The author
was able to show that the Wi-Fi modem accepted signal
Zaria Journal of Electrical Engineering Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria – Nigeria.
Vol. 10 No.1, March 2021. ISSN: 0261 – 1570.
14
over the web. This data gotten over the web is passed
on to the microprocessor for necessary action to the
relay.
[6] Analyzed global system for mobile communication
(GSM) based home automation system. In this system
the knowledge of smart home automation using an
Android studio which receives voice information as its
input, then decoding it into text and transferring it over
GSM spectrum was used. This input information is
managed in the Arduino IDE through the use of AT
commands, and then the sensor is activated.
[21] developed a cloud based low-cost home
monitoring and automation system. In this paper a
home framework architecture on the cloud was made
available at a very avoidable rate. The author stated that
the home automation currently in the market was highly
expensive both in terms of installation and
maintenance, so he suggested a low cost system due to
this fact.
[1] Shows the design and implementation of a Wi-Fi
based home automation system. This paper was aim at
regulating the home appliances wirelessly.
[5] Established the study of an android and GSM
technologies to advance home automation system. In
this study, controlling system wirelessly and
monitoring of office gadgets were established using
GSM modem. Office owner can check and regulate the
appliances by sending text messages via phone.
However, it was recommended in the study that the
system could be extended to use a Wi-Fi
communication protocol and voice command tools
using an android/PC based application.
[20] In this paper comfort to life of the user in the office
was provided. It is developed to overcome the
limitation of wired model and to increase the
productivity, usability and safety of the model.
[14] Focused on a study that deals with the
development of a new IoT based system that provides a
way out for significant owner requests as one of
scalable, various and modular system design. This
study target on how to improve the safety and
monitoring, home security, power consumption
monitoring and owner customization which are some of
the owner request that are deficient in the area IoT
based intelligent home automation.
[22] In this paper Home automation system that engage
the integration of multi-touch mobile devices, cloud
networking, wireless communication and power
communication to provide the user with remote control
of several lights and appliances inside the house was
developed. Mobile phone application was use for the
consolidation of this system, handheld wireless remote
personal computer based program provided a means of
the owner app to the consumer.
[25] Present a Home Automation System using Intel
Galileo that employs the
Integration of cloud networking, to provide the house
owner to remotely control several electrical appliances
within their homes. It keeps and store data in the cloud.
The system changes robotically on the basis of sensors’
data.
[23] illustrate the usefulness of the internet in this
modern day, this paper offers an outline of Internet of
Things system.
However, in the above literature reviews, some are
limited to distance, network failure, lack of backup
system. In addition smart phones can be hacked or
stolen.
3. MATERIALS AND METHODS
This section of the paper contains the processes
involved to get the system working. This section mainly
deals with designed aspect of the hardware, software
and the analysis of individual unit that made up the
device. Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 depicted a block diagram
representation and flowchart of the implemented work
respectively.
Fig. 1. Block Diagram of the System
Zaria Journal of Electrical Engineering Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria – Nigeria.
Vol. 10 No.1, March 2021. ISSN: 0261 – 1570.
15
3.1 The Power Supply Unit
An electronic component required little amount of
voltage and current. The power supply section in this
paper constitute components such as the step down
transformer of rating 220/12V which was used to
reduce the input voltage of 220V to 12V, silicon diode
(IN5932) for rectification, capacitor-input which is
attached in parallel with the output segment of the
rectifier in other to reduce the ripple voltage of the
output and increase the DC voltage, a voltage regulator
was used to pick the actual 5V needed by the entire
system.
Fig. 2. Flow Chart of the System
3.2 The Microcontroller Unit
The system was developed through the Arduino Uno
open-source microprocessor. Arduino Uno is an
integrated development environment (IDE) with a piece
of software and it is a microcontroller board based on
the ATmega328 (datasheet). It is equipped with 14
digital input/output pins, of which 6 out of the 14 pins
can be utilized as pulse width modulator outputs, 6
analogue inputs, a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB
connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset
button. Fig. 3. shows an Arduino Uno.
Fig. 3. An Arduino Uno [21]
3.3 The Wireless Fidelity Module
The signal from the microcontroller was sent to Wi-Fi
module operating on TCP/IP protocol stack for sending
information. It was also pre-programmed with an AT
command, which gives it an ability to hook straight to
Arduino devices. Fig. 4. shows a Wi-Fi Module
(ESP8266)
Fig. 4. Wi-Fi Module [20]
3.4 The Relay Unit
Fig. 5. Relay Circuit
Zaria Journal of Electrical Engineering Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria – Nigeria.
Vol. 10 No.1, March 2021. ISSN: 0261 – 1570.
16
Mathematical analysis of the relay circuit in Fig 5.
The transistor used for the design is BC547
(1)
Ω
Ω
3.5 Circuit Diagram
Proteus 8.1 professional is the software that was used
to design the entire system. The positive (+ve) and
CH_PD pins of the ESP8266 Wi-Fi module were
connected to 3.3V. The transmitter, Tx pin and receiver,
Rx pin of ESP8266 were connected to the digital pin 3
and 2 of the Arduino respectively. The serial
communication library enables the serial
communication protocols used in this design, the
ground of the ESP8266 was connected to the ground of
the Arduino Uno. However, three relays were
connected to pin 10, 11 and 12 of the Arduino. The
output voltage of the Arduino usually 5V is used to
power the relay, the transistors were connected to the
Arduino through 1k ohms resistor which were in turn
connected to the base of BC547 and 10k ohms resistor
was connected to each connector of the transistor. One
diode was connected to each relay to prevent reverse
current from damaging the circuit. Loads were
connected to the output terminal of the relays, by
connecting the common terminal (COM) terminal of all
the relays to the phase of the power source and the
neutral of the power source to one terminal of the loads,
and the other terminal of the loads is connected to the
normally open (NO) of the relays. Finally, one terminal
of the push button was connected to pin 5, 6 and 7 of
the Arduino via pull down resistor of 10k ohms
connected across the button, and the other terminal of
the button were connected to 5V supply. Fig. 6. shows
the complete circuit diagram of the system
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The result of the system is presented as follows;
Firstly, when the push button was set to low state or off
state, all the load connected to the relay were OFF.
Secondly, when the push button was set to high state or
ON state, all the load connected to it were ON.
Thirdly, when we log on to the website on the smart
phone, the information needed to switch ON or OFF
were shown. Fig. 7. shows the HTML page of the
system.
Fourthly, when ON option was entered on the website
page, all the load connected to it were ON.
Lastly, when OFF option was entered on the website
page, all the load connected to it were OFF. Plate I
shows the action on the system as it is being powered.
5. CONCLUSION
This paper has demonstrated the event of office
management and security system exploitation using
Wi-Fi module and IoT Technology. This system is
suitable for remotely and manually controlling of the
appliances in the offices. It can be deployed to places
like hospitals, banks, labs, homes, industries for energy
management and conservation.
Zaria Journal of Electrical Engineering Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria – Nigeria.
Vol. 10 No.1, March 2021. ISSN: 0261 – 1570.
17
Fig. 6. Complete Circuit Diagram of the System
Fig. 7. The HTML page of the system
Plate I: Action on the system as it is being powered.
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