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Strategies of fertilizer application for ornamental pineapple plants grown in pots under anti-aphid screen
Abstract and Figures
Production of ornamental pineapple plants in pots is a recent mode of growing pineapple that demands information on application of soil mineral fertilizers to compose the production system. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of five strategies of application of soil mineral fertilizer on the vegetative and reproductive growths of potted ornamental pineapple plants. The experiment was conducted under an anti-aphid screen, from June 17, 2015 to May 21, 2016, in Fortaleza, Ceará state, Brazil. A completely randomized design with six treatments and four replicates was used, consisted of four plants per plot. The treatments consisted of application of a slow-release fertilizer; conventional soil fertilizer application; fertigation at every 30, 60, and 90 days; and no soil fertilizer application (control). The plants were grown in 1 L pots and irrigated using a drip system every two days. The variables evaluated were: number of leaves; ‘D’ leaf length and width; shoot apex diameter; plant height; flowering rate; length and diameter of peduncle, syncarp, and crown; crown to syncarp ratio; and percentage of marketable plants. Despite the different plant growth, all strategies of soil fertilizer application used can be recommended for ornamental pineapple plants, since they do not hinder the esthetic quality and dimensions required for marketing these plants in pots. Pineapple production without application of soil fertilizers should be avoided, since it reduces the percentage of marketable plants.
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... Countries such as the United States and Canada have a high demand for products derived from ornamental pineapple (Junqueira & Peetz, 2017). Considering that consumer markets are always looking for new genotypes of ornamental plants with exotic characteristics, the ornamental pineapple has potential (Santos et al., 2021). Souza et al. (2014) reports that for pot cultivation requires plant height ≥ 65 cm; the rosette diameter ≥ 80 cm; leaf length "D" ≥ 60 cm; the peduncle length ≥ 30 cm; syncarpium and crown length ≥ 5 cm; syncarpial diameter ≥ 3 cm; and the crown/syncarpion ratio close to 1. Plants without thorns and a ratio of 1/3 of the height of the pot to the plant. ...
... The after acclimatization, the seedlings were transplanted to a screen with 50% shading, equipped with transparent plastic on the upper structure, to eliminate rainfall interference under the experiment. Fertilization was carried out with Osmocote© NPK 15-09-12 slow-release fertilizer, as recommended by Santos et al. (2021). The recommended total dose, 13.2 g plant -1 , was divided into three quarterly applications, after transplanting. ...
With the decrease in residences, the demand for the production of plants with a landscape effect in reduced size and more compact has grown. The objective of this work was to evaluate the growth and accumulation of nutrients in a potted ornamental pineapple hybrid, treated with paclobutrazol and subjected to early floral induction. The experimental design used was a randomized block, factorial arrangement (2 × 5), with 4 replications and 4 plants per plot. The primary treatments were the presence and absence of the plant growth regulator paclobutrazol (PBZ). The secondary treatments were five times of floral induction with ethylene: 90, 120, 150, 180, and 210 days after transplanting (DAT) of the seedlings. At 130, 160, 190, 220, and 250 DAT, the following variables were evaluated: leaf area; fresh and dry mass of leaves; stems and roots; sodium; macro and micronutrient contents in the plant. The use of paclobutrazol reduces vegetative growth and the accumulation of fresh and dry mass of the aerial and root parts. The order of accumulation was K > N > Ca > Mg > P > S > Mn > Na > Fe > Zn > B > Cu, in plants not treated with PBZ, and K > N > Ca > Mg = P > S > Mn > Na > Fe > B > Zn > Cu, in plants treated with PBZ, showing that the use of paclobutrazol increases boron accumulation.
... The most expressive segment was that of potted plants, which in 2021 represented 58% of the cultivated area in Brazil (Ibraflor, 2022). The growing demand for pot cultivation (Santos et al., 2021;Pereira et al., 2018) motivated Embrapa to develop a hybrid resulting from the cross between Ananas comosus var. bracteatus with A. comosus var. ...
... Fertilization was carried out with 13.2 g plant -1 of NPK 15-09-12 (Osmocote©). This dose was divided into three quarterly applications (4.4 g plant -1 application), after transplanting, as recommended by Santos et al. (2021). The irrigation water of the plants had the following physicochemical characteristics: 0.4 mmol L -1 Ca; 1.2 mmol L -1 Mg, 2.5 mmol L -1 Na; 0.2 mmol L -1 K; 4.6 mmol L -1 Cl; EC of 0.45 dSm -1 ; RAS of 1.97 and pH of 6.8, classified as C 2 S 1 . ...
The expansion of residential areas has increased the demand for exotic and increasingly compact landscape plants. In this context, this work aimed to evaluate the effects of paclobutrazol (PBZ) and the timing of ethylene application on growth reduction and flowering anticipation in ornamental pineapples grown in pots. The randomized block design was used with factorial arrangement (2 x 5) and 4 replications and 4 plants per plot. The primary treatments are the presence and absence of PBZ. The secondary treatments were five times of floral induction with ethylene: 90; 120; 150; 180; 210 days after transplanting (DAT) the seedlings into the pots. It was evaluated the variables: height ratio between the heights of the pot and the plant; rosette diameter; leaves length ‘D’ and flowering index. At 255 DAT, although the plants did not respond to floral induction with ethylene, only those treated with PBZ were more compact and had different characteristics such as smaller size and a ratio below 1/3 of the height of the vase in relation to the plant that to favor its commercialization, in pot.
Ornamental pineapple varieties are promising alternatives for the cut flower, potted plant and landscaping segments. New hybrids from the genetic improvement program of Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura (Embrapa Cassava and Fruits research unit) are being launched for these purposes. The objective of this work was to evaluate the acceptance and preference of consumers regarding the esthetics and prices of potted plants, floral stems and other products originating from ornamental pineapple plants. A survey was conducted at the 15th International Fair of Landscaping, Gardening, Leisure and Floriculture (Fiaflora Expo Garden) in the city of São Paulo. Individual interviews were conducted with 205 people, who answered a questionnaire in a random and voluntary manner, considering the following aspects: gender, age group, origin, profession, flowers of interest, acceptance of cut stems (including in the budding stage), potted plants and mini-fruits and amounts they would pay for these items. The results showed excellent acceptance by the public for cut stems (infructescence or budding stage), potted plants and mini-fruits. Most of the respondents were women, aged between 40 and 50 years, involved in landscaping and from the Southeast region of Brazil. The suggested prices for stems ranged from R 10.00 and for potted plants the prices were above R$ 20.00.
Ornamental fruit plants have a good potential for the development of innovative products for the floriculture segment, and the ornamental pineapple has attracted a strong interest in this segment. This study aimed at characterizing and selecting new ornamental pineapple hybrids for the production of cut flowers, with emphasis on stem sinuosity and a nearly black color for fruits. Twenty-three morphological descriptors were studied in 26 hybrids developed from six progenies, involving different botanical varieties. These descriptors are among those published by the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture for protection of cultivars. The 26 hybrids evaluated fitted in different use categories: 5 for the production of cut flowers, 11 as potted plants, 6 for the production of mini fruits, 6 for foliage and 26 for landscaping. One hybrid with sinuous stems to produce cut flowers and 12 hybrids bearing nearly black fruits for ornamental use were selected as a novelty for the flower market. © 2017, Universidade Federal De Goias (UFG). All rights reserved.
Ornamental fruit plants have a good potential for the development of innovative products for the oriculture segment, and the ornamental pineapple has attracted a strong interest in this segment. This study aimed at characterizing and selecting new ornamental pineapple hybrids for the production of cut owers, with emphasis on stem sinuosity and a nearly black color for fruits. Twenty-three morphological descriptors were studied in 26 hybrids developed from six progenies, involving di erent botanical varieties. These descriptors are among those published by the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture for protection of cultivars. The 26 hybrids evaluated tted in di erent use categories: 5 for the production of cut owers, 11 as potted plants, 6 for the production of mini fruits, 6 for foliage and 26 for landscaping. One hybrid with sinuous stems to produce cut owers and 12 hybrids bearing nearly black fruits for ornamental use were selected as a novelty for the ower market.
It is possible to increase nitrogen for wheat productivity by adjusting the single and fractionated dose based on the condition of the agricultural year. The objective of this work is to study the highest amount of nitrogen used for the production of wheat using single dose or fractionation under favorable and unfavorable cultivation years. The study was conducted in 2012, 2013 and 2014 in Augusto Pestana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized block in a 4 × 3 factorial scheme with four replications. It consists of N-fertilizer rates (0, 30, 60 and 120 kg ha-1), forms of supply [single (100%), growth stage V 3 (third expanded sheet); fractionated (70%/30%) growth stage V 3 /V 6 (third and sixth expanded sheet); fractionated (70%/30%) phonological stage V 3 /E (third expanded leaf and early grain filling)]. In favorable, intermediate and unfavorable years, wheat cultivated with single dose of nitrogen is more effective than the grain fractionated, regardless of the succession system. Nitrogen use efficiency can be substantially reduced or increased in wheat based on the condition of the year of cultivation and the use of the optimal dose of the nutrient may not necessarily express maximum grain yield with economic efficiency.
Potassium (K) can be easily lost by the leaching process. The objective of this study was to quantify K leaching in clayey and sandy soils under increasing irrigation depths. The experiment was conducted in 2014, in a protected environment, after extraction of undisturbed soil columns, with diameter of 144 mm and height of 300 mm. The columns were arranged in a randomized complete block in a factorial design with three replicates, corresponding to eight treatments: two soil types and four water depths, equivalent to 50, 100, 150 and 200% of the amount of water necessary to bring the soil moisture to field capacity. Potassium chloride, with 58% of K2O, was used as K source. Water replacement in the columns was performed every three days, for a period of 81 days. After conducting joint analysis of the data according to the factor Time, a second-degree response surface model was fitted and line charts were also used to study the factors Time and Water. After the evaluations, it was found that the higher the applied water depth, the greater the percolated amount of the K⁺ ion. © 2016, Departamento de Engenharia Agricola - UFCG/Cnpq. All rights reserved.
The controlled-release fertilizers (CRFs) are the fertilizers which gradually release their mineral nutrients, while at the same time providing proper nutrition to the plants. The CRFs have been widely used to improve crops’ quality and quantity, but have not been applied on Freesia hybrida so far. In this study, Freesia ‘Shangnong Ruxiang’ was used to determine the effect of CRFs on its vegetative and reproductive growth. Two different kinds of commercial CRFs i.e. Osmocote Classic and Agroblen were applied in various doses. In an appropriate dose, Osmocote Classic and Agroblen improved the growth of Freesia. The overall effect of Agroblen is better than Osmocote. Under treatments of 5 g/L Osmocote and 5 g/L or 7 g/L Agroblen, the plant height, scape height, scape number, scape strength, and chlorophyll content were higher than other groups. Under 7 g/L Agroblen, the plants blossomed 10 days earlier than that of control. Taken together, 5 g/L of Osmocote and 5 g/L or 7 g/L of Agroblen are recommended for strong leaf and corm growth with good flowering phenotype, while 5 g/L or 7 g/L of Agroblen only is optimum for early flowering in Freesia.
Leaching is an important aspect of irrigation water management, as it must be minimal to save available irrigation water resources, prevent shallow groundwater tables, and reduce nutrient loadings to the groundwater. However, at the same time, leaching should be sufficient to maintain root zone salinity levels below the threshold to prevent yield reduction. Therefore, monitoring leaching is the key component in evaluation and optimization of irrigation water management practices. Water balance (WB) is a common approach used to estimate leaching in agricultural fields and was applied in this study to assess field-scale leaching and the associated uncertainties for an almond orchard under drip and micro-sprinkler irrigation systems. In this study, we showed that change is soil water storage (ΔS) is highly influenced by the extent of monitoring depth, the location and number of monitoring points. Local measurement of WB parameters showed that leaching is highly variable across the field, thereby introducing considerable uncertainty on estimated leaching using WB approach. It was also shown that unknown input of water through fog interception added to the complexity of closing water balance at field scale.
Vegetable production in solar greenhouses in northern China results in the excessive use of nitrogen (N) fertilizers and water via flooding irrigation. Both factors result in low N use efficiency and high environmental costs because groundwater becomes contaminated with nitrate (NO3⁻). Four consecutive tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) cropping seasons were tested whether drip fertigation and/or the incorporation of maize straw (S) may significantly reduce NO3⁻ and dissolved organic N (DON) leaching while increasing the water-use efficiency (WUE) and partial factor productivity of applied N (PFPN) of the tomatoes. The following treatments were used: ① conventional flooding irrigation with overfertilization (CIF, 900 kg N ha⁻¹ season⁻¹), ② CIF + S, ③ drip irrigation with optimized fertilization (DIF, 400 kg N ha⁻¹ season⁻¹), ④ DIF + S. We found that (1) DIF significantly increases the PFPN and WUE by 262% and 73% without compromising the yield compared with CIF, respectively. (2) For CIF, approximately 50% of the total N input was leached at a NO3⁻/DON ratio of approximately 2:1. (3) Compared with CIF, DIF reduced NO3⁻ and DON leaching by 88% and 90%, respectively. Water percolation was positively correlated with N leaching (p < 0.001). (4) Straw application only reduced NO3⁻ leaching losses in the first year and did not affect DON leaching overall, although DON leaching was increased in DIF in the first growing season. In conclusion, DIF significantly reduces NO3⁻ and DON leaching losses by approximately 90% compared with the current farmer practice (CIF). Considering the significant DON leaching losses, which have been overlooked because previous measurements focused on NO3⁻, DON should be considered as a primary factor of environmental pollution in conventional solar greenhouse vegetable production systems.
To develop a controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) suitable for nutrient absorption characteristics of Phalaenopsis, four kinds of new controlled-release fertilizer (NCRF 1–4) with different dissolution rates were developed and studied to determine the concentration and amount suitable for growth of Phalaenopsis. To make NCRF, new acryl-based polymers were developed and used as fertilizer coating solutions. In addition, a fluidized bed coater for coating fertilizer was developed and used in this study. To test the growth of Phalaenopsis, 10-month-old Phalaenopsis seedlings were planted in plastic pots (diameter 10 cm) filled with 100% Sphagnum moss and cultivated for approximately 100 days from May 29, 2015, to September 11, 2015. NCRF 1, NCRF 2, and Osmocote, an imported fertilizer, consistently exhibited release patterns of fertilizer nutrients in a directly proportional form; however, NCRF 3 and NCRF 4 displayed a sigmoid-like tendency of fertilizer nutrient release with a slower initial dissolution rate. Furthermore, leaf length, leaf width, fresh weigh, and root weight of Phalaenopsis were the highest when growing in 1.5 g/pot of NCRF 3 fertilizer, and the pH and electrical conductivity (EC) of the soil were stable at this concentration of NCRF 3. Based on our results, we suggest that 1.5 g/pot of NCRF 3 fertilizer is the ideal concentration and fertilizer for growing Phalaenopsis.