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Quarter-Wise Prevalence of Subclinical Mastitis in Crossbred Cows

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Yogesh Patel at Kamdhenu University
Yogesh Patel
M M Trivedi
M M Trivedi
M M Trivedi
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Quarter-Wise Prevalence of Subclinical Mastitis in Crossbred Cows
Y. G. PATEL* AND M. M. TRIVEDI
Department of Animal Science,
B. A. College of Agriculture, AAU,
Anand-388 110 (Gujarat)
email : ygpatel89@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
The present study was designed to determine the
quarter-wise prevalence of mastitis in crossbred cows.
Milk samples collected from 200 crossbred cows were
tested for subclinical mastitis by California mastitis
test (CMT). The overall prevalence of subclinical
mastitis was 49 %. Total 184 (23%) quarters found
positive for subclinical mastitis. Prevalence was
higher in fore quarters (25.25 %) than hind quarters
(20.75 %) and right quarters (24.5 %) than left
quarters (21.5 %). Maximum number of SCM cows
had only single quarter infection (51.02 %) followed
by two quarters (21.43 %), three quarters (16.33 %)
and all four quarters (11.22 %).
Key words crossbred cows, subclinical mastitis,
fore quarters, hind quarters, left
quarters, right quarters
Mastitis in both clinical and subclinical forms
is a frustrating, costly and extremely complex
disease that results in a marked reduction in the
quality and quantity of milk (Harmon, 1994).
Subclinical mastitis is 3 to 4 times more common
than the clinical mastitis and causes great losses in
the dairy herds (Jasper et al. 1982). It causes
enormous losses for breeders and consequently
influences the national income of the country
(Ramachandraiah et al., 1990). Apart from causing
huge economic losses, it also poses the risk for the
transmission of zoonotic diseases like tuberculosis,
brucellosis, leptospirosis and stresptococcal sore
throat to human beings (Radostits et al., 2000).
Economic losses are due to (a) loss in milk
production, (b) discarding abnormal milk and milk
withheld from cows treated with antibiotics, (c)
degrading of milk quality and price due to high
bacterial or somatic cell count (SCC), (d) costs of
drugs, (e) veterinary services and increased labour
costs, (f) increased risk of subsequent mastitis,
(g) herd replacement, and (h) problems related to
antibiotics residues in milk and its products
(Harmon, 1994). In order to increase the milk yield,
crossing of Zebu cows with the semen of bulls of
temperate breeds has been adopted in India. In
crossbred cows the udder has to undergo rapid
changes in relation to size, position and adjustment
due to rapid removal of large volume of milk and
as such it is more prone to injury and infection.
Published information on the quarter-wise
prevalence of subclinical mastitis in crossbred
cows is scanty. Therefore, present study was under
taken to detect quarter-wise prevalence of
subclinical mastitis in crossbred cows.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Milk samples from each quarter of udder of
200 lactating crossbred cows belonging to 13 dairy
farms of Anand district were aseptically collected.
All the cows were apparently healthy and free from
clinical mastitis. Determination of quarter-wise
prevalence of subclinical mastitis was based on
California mastitis test (Pyorala, 2003), changes in
pH of milk samples (Shahid et al., 2011) and
somatic cell count of milk (IDF,1987).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In the present study, total number of quarters
affected with subclinical mastitis (SCM) were 184
(23 %) out of 800 in crossbred cows (Table 1 and
figure 1). Among these, 55 (27.50 %) were right
fore, 43 (21.50 %) right hind, 46 (23.00 %) left
fore and 40 (20.00 %) left hind quarters. Higher
occurrence of subclinical mastitis was observed
in right fore quarter (27.50 %) followed by left
fore (23.00 %), right hind (21.50 %) and left hind
(20.00 %) quarter, respectively. The occurrence
of subclinical mastitis was found more in fore
quarters (25.25 %) than the hind quarters (20.75
%). Similarly, the prevalence of subclinical mastitis
Trends in Biosciences 8(17), Print : ISSN 0974-8431, 4727-4729, 2015
4728 Trends in Biosciences 8 (17), 2015
was observed higher in right quarters (24.5 %) than
the left quarters (21.5 %). The higher incidence of
subclinical mastitis in right side quarters could be
ascribed to the fact that cows mostly sit on right
side with the result, right side quarters are
frequently exposed to dung and soil and moreover
due to pressure of the body of animal the milk
dribbles out through the teats of high yielders and
thus, increasing their susceptibility to infections.
Saxena et al., 1993 and Shukla et al., 1997
found higher incidences of subclinical mastitis in
fore quarters which is in accordance with the
present findings. In agreement to the Present study,
Sudhan et al. (2005) reported higher occurrence
of subclinical mastitis in right quarters (21.81 % in
right fore and 38.18 % in right hind) as compared
to left quarters (20.00 % each in left fore and left
hind quarters). Similar results were reported by
Shahid et al., 2011 in crossbred cows where higher
occurrence of subclinical mastitis were observed
in right fore (32 %) followed by left fore (28 %),
left hind (24 %) and right hind (16 %) quarter.
Thus, they also observed more incidences of SCM
in fore quarters (30 %) than the hind quarters (20
%). The differences in quarter-wise prevalence of
subclinical mastitis observed in current study and
previous studies may be due to difference in breeds
of animals, immune status and managemental
practices.
Further, it was observed (Table 2) that the
maximum number of cows were having single
quarter infection (51.02 %) followed by two
quarter (21.43 %), three quarter (16.33 %) and all
four quarters (11.22 %). Similar trend was observed
by Ramachandraiah et al., 1990 in pure Jersey
cows. Finding of Saini et al. (1994) and Sudhan et
al., 2005 also revealed maximum number of cows
having single quarter affected with subclinical
mastitis.
It was concluded from present study that
prevalence of subclinical mastitis was higher in fore
quarters than hind quarters and right quarters than
left quarters. Maximum number of cows having
single quarter affected with subclinical mastitis.
Table 1. Quarter-wise incidences of subclinical mastitis in crossbred cows.
Quarter No. of quarter tested No. of quarters positive for
SCM (n) %
Right fore 200 55 27.50
Left fore 200 46 23.00
Right hind 200 43 21.50
Left hind 200 40 20.00
Overall 800 184 23.00
Fore quarters 400 101 25.25
Hind quarters 400 83 20.75
Overall 800 184 23.00
Right quarter 400 98 24.5
Left quarter 400 86 21.5
Overall 800 184 23.00
Quarter No. of cows positive for SCM (n) %
Single quarter affected 50 51.02
Two quarters affected 21 21.43
Three quarters affected 16 16.33
All (four) quarters affected 11 11.22
Overall 98 100
Table 2. Incidences of subclinical mastitis in relation to its distribution among quarters.
PATEL and TRIVEDI, Quarter-Wise Prevalence of Subclinical Mastitis in Crossbred Cows 4729
LITERATURE CITED
Harmon, R. J. 1994. Physiology of mastitis and factors
affecting somatic cell counts. J. Dairy Sci., 77(7):2103-
2112.
International Dairy Federation 1987. Bovine mastitis:
Definition and guidelines for diagnosis. Bulletin of the
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Jasper, D. E., McDonald, J. S., Mochrie, R. D., Philpot, W.
N., Farmworth, R. J. and Spencer, S. B. 1982. Bovine
mastitis research needs funding and sources of support.
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Ramachandraiah, K., Sudharshan, K. and Sreemannarayana,
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crossbred cattle herd. Indian J. Anim. Prod. Mgmt.,
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Studies on prevalence, etiology and diagnosis of
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Received on 24-08-2015 Accepted on 28-08-2015
... In addition, the prevalence of subclinical mastitis in crossbred cows in different parts of the country was reported as 57.80% (Kumar, 2012), 50.81% (Awale et al., 2012), and 62.6% (Abebe et al., 2016) which was higher than the present study. The prevalence of quarters-wise subclinical mastitis in dairy cows from 1995 to 2014 in organized farms in India was 23.25% (Bangar et al., 2015); and it was 23% in 2015 (Patel and Trivedi, 2015). The findings of Jingar et al. (2017) indicated an incidence of mastitis ranging from 25.60% to 47.83% among Sahiwal cows at the ICAR-NDRI, Karnal, India farm between 2000 and 2011. ...
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... In addition, the prevalence of subclinical mastitis in crossbred cows in different parts of the country was reported as 57.80% (Kumar, 2012), 50.81% (Awale et al., 2012), and 62.6% (Abebe et al., 2016) which was higher than the present study. The prevalence of quarters-wise subclinical mastitis in dairy cows from 1995 to 2014 in organized farms in India was 23.25% (Bangar et al., 2015); and it was 23% in 2015 (Patel and Trivedi, 2015). The findings of Jingar et al. (2017) indicated an incidence of mastitis ranging from 25.60% to 47.83% among Sahiwal cows at the ICAR-NDRI, Karnal, India farm between 2000 and 2011. ...
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... [3].The prevalence of mastitis among udder quarters were in the pattern of LH (36.04%) > RH (29.95%) > LF (20.81%) > RF (15.99%). The prevalence of quarters-wise subclinical mastitis in dairy cows in organized farms of India was reported 23.25% [26] and 23% [27]. ...
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... There was a variation of mCMT score even in different quarters of individual lactating cow. The higher prevalence of 23.00% and 31.55% was reported by Patel and Trivedi (2015) and Mourya et al. (2020), respectively in the infected quarters of cows. ...
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... There was a variation of mCMT score even in different quarters of individual lactating cow. The higher prevalence of 23.00% and 31.55% was reported by Patel and Trivedi (2015) and Mourya et al. (2020), respectively in the infected quarters of cows. ...
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... These results agreed with that reported by Sori et al. [40] (40.6%) and Ayano et al. [41] (43.02%). A higher prevalence (60%) was reported by Ayano et al. [42], and a lower prevalence ranged from 18.14% to 23.25% were reported by Bangar et al. [43], Patel and Trivedi [44], and Singh et al. [45]. On the other hand, somatic cell count (SCC) is the gold standard for confirming subclinical mastitis [46]. ...
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Bovine mastitis research needs funding and sources of support
  • Jan 1982
  • 182-193
  • D E Jasper
  • J S Mcdonald
  • R D Mochrie
  • W N Philpot
  • R J Farmworth
  • S B Spencer
Jasper, D. E., McDonald, J. S., Mochrie, R. D., Philpot, W. N., Farmworth, R. J. and Spencer, S. B. 1982. Bovine mastitis research needs funding and sources of support. In: Proceedings of 21 st Annual meeting, National Mastitis Council Inc., Louisville, Kentucky, USA, pp:182-193.
Survey of mastitis in pure jersey herd
  • Jan 1990
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Ramachandraiah, K., Sudharshan, K. and Sreemannarayana, O. 1990. Survey of mastitis in pure jersey herd. Indian Vet. J., 67(2):103-106.
Incidences of subclinical mastitis in crossbred cattle herd
  • Jan 2007
  • 1-4
  • Sabin George
  • H C Joshi
  • C L Suman
  • R S Rathore
  • G S Bisht
Sabin George, Joshi, H. C., Suman C. L., Rathore, R. S. and Bisht, G. S. 2007. Incidences of subclinical mastitis in crossbred cattle herd. Indian J. Anim. Prod. Mgmt., 23(1-4):1-4.
Prevalence and etiology of sub clinical mastitis among crossbred cows and buffaloes in Punjab
  • Jan 1994
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  • S S Saini
  • J K Sharma
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Saini S. S., Sharma J. K. and Kwatra M. S. 1994. Prevalence and etiology of sub clinical mastitis among crossbred cows and buffaloes in Punjab. Indian J. Dairy Sci. 47: 103-106.