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INTRODUCTION
Krishi Bhagya Scheme (KBS) was launched by the
Government of Karnataka, meant exclusively for the dry-
land farmers who completely dependent on rain for their
farming. It is important to note that majority of
Karnataka's agricultural land (68 % of the cultivated area)
is under rainfed farming. The scope for increasing the
irrigation potential in the state is limited because of its
geographical position as an upper riparian state.
Therefore, to ensure irrigation for sustainable agriculture,
the Government of Karnataka started KBS in 2014-15
with the aim of conserving rainwater effectively to
improve agricultural productivity. Efforts were also made
to provide security for the rainfed farmers' income by
taking up on-farm rainwater conservation practices and
by encouraging farmers to adopt modern technologies for
efficient use of water. The key objective of this scheme
was to help farmers by making dry land farming not only
sustainable but also lucrative by harvesting surplus water
and using it as a lifesaving resource (Government of
Karnataka, 2019).
Presently, the scheme has been implemented across all the
30 districts of Karnataka. The scheme is still under
implementation and it has resulted in the construction of
2.70 lakh farm ponds benefitting the critical irrigation
needs of 5.78 lakh hectares of the area through
conservation of excess runoff water and utilizing the same
during the critical stages of crop production as lifesaving
irrigation. Despite the massive investments by
governments in rainfed farming, the scheme has also
Impact Assessment of Krishi Bhagya Scheme in Karnataka:
The Policy Imperatives
1 2 3 4 5
Raman MS , M. Balasubramanian , V. Karthick , Asha Devi SS and Priyanka
ABSTRACT
The government of Karnataka launched Krishi Bhagya Scheme (KBS) mainly to improve the livelihood of dry-land farmers.
Undeniably, 30 districts in Karnataka implemented KBS along with farm pond, diesel pump set, micro-irrigation units and
polyhouse/shade net focussing on agricultural and horticultural farmers. Therefore, Hassan district was selected in order to
collect relevant information of KBS and a total of 117 respondents were selected by simple random sampling including,
beneficiary (40 agricultural farmers and 21 horticultural farmers) and non- beneficiary (35 agricultural farmers and 21
horticultural farmers) farmers. Logistic regression, ordinary least square and average mean score methods were employed to
assess the impact of KBS implementation. The study found that access to KBS is significantly influenced by education level
and land size. In addition, education particularly secondary and higher secondary levels significantly affect the income of
beneficiaries. The number of visits of extension agency, lack of awareness about the scheme and non-availability of timely
subsidy were considered as the major problems faced by beneficiary and non- beneficiary farmers. The performance of KBS
scheme can be improved by providing a proper source of information about the scheme and by making land records available
online.
Key words: Extent of knowledge, impact, management practices and post-harvest.
1. 2&4.
Research Associate, ICAR-National Institute of Agricultural Economics and Policy Research, New Delhi 110 012, Scientist, Division of Agricultural Economics, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi 110 012
3. 5.
Research scholar, Institute for Social and Economic Change, Bengaluru 560 072 IAS, Assistant Commissioner & Sub divisional magistrate, Karwar subdivision, Uttar Kannada district, Karnataka
Indian Journal of Extension Education
Vol. 56, No. 3, 2020 (137-143)
INDIAN JOURNAL OF EXTENSION EDUCATION
supported to establish 2460 poly houses / Shade net
structures to cultivate high-value flowers/vegetable crops
that fetch higher income.
Component of KBS
The scheme has been implemented in five agro-
climatic zones that receive an average annual rainfall
ranging between 450 mm and 850 mm. The project targets
on the implementation of scheme in 45 thousand hectares
per year which benefit more than one lakh farmers every
year. Under the scheme, the farmers obtain grants for
constructing farm ponds (Krishi Honda) to conserve
rainwater and for buying lift pumps, diesel motors to draw
water during deficit rainfall. The scheme also popularise
modern technologies to yield more crops per drop of
water. Moreover, this program assists the farmers to earn a
higher income by enabling them to construct poly houses
and put up shade nets to cultivate hybrid vegetables and
flower crops.
Framework of KBS
During 2014-15 to 2016-17, the major activities
undertaken under the scheme were construction of farm
ponds, provision polythene lining in farm ponds to avoid
percolation losses, promotion of in-situ moisture
conservation structures like field bunds for improving the
productivity of croplands, providing micro irrigation
systems along with diesel/solar pump set to lift and
efficient use of harvested water in the farm pond,
demonstration of high value cropping systems to increase
the farmers income, support of animal husbandry
activities to generate off-farm subsidiary income to
farmers and provision of shade net and poly house to
farmers to promote high-value crops. Government of
Karnataka, 2019 provided details of activities undertaken
under the scheme are provided below:
Farm Pond
It is a water harvesting structure to harvest runoff
water constructed with various dimensions (10x10x3
metre, 12x12x3 metre, 15x15x3 metre, 18x18x3 metre
and 21x21x3 metre) based on the catchment area for
providing protective irrigation to the crops during critical
stages of the crop growth. Program had support up to 80
per cent of the investment to the general category and 90
per cent to SC/ST category of farmers. So far 2.70 lakh
farm ponds were constructed in farmers' fields.
Polythene lining to farm ponds
To avoid percolation loss and to store water in the pond for
longer duration, farm ponds are fitted with 300 micron
HDPE polythene lining. Besides, provision is also made
for alternate lining methods such as Brick Border lining
/Kadapa/Slab lining/soil Cement lining. Here also
farmers are assisted up to 80 percent of the cost. So far
113471 farm ponds were fitted with polythene lining.
Bunding activities
Bunding were encouraged mainly for in-situ
moisture conservation. There are various types of
bunding activities such as compartment, tied ridges,
conservation furrow, graded bund, zing terrace, contour
bund, field bunds and trench cum field bunds. Farmer is
provided with financial assistance for constructing bunds
in their lands with a maximum ceiling of 2 hectares per
farmer. So far 60876 farmers in the state have been
benefitted from this activity under the scheme.
Diesel pump set
To lift water from farm ponds and to provide
protective irrigation through micro-irrigation, diesel
pump sets were provided to the farmers. This will enhance
crop productivity and income of farmers. Farmers were
allotted with a financial assistance of 50 per cent for
general category and 90 per cent to SC/ST category
farmers. So far 96769 diesel pump sets were distributed to
farmers.
Micro-irrigation units
Farmers were assisted with drip or sprinkler irrigation
to save and provide optimum and uniform water
application to crops during the critical stages of crop
production. Farmers were provided with financial
assistance up to 90 percent to all categories of farmers, for
installation of micro irrigation systems limiting to 2
hectare area per farmer. So far 150744 farmers have
installed this facility.
Farm Demonstrations
To motivate the farmers to adopt innovative
technology in terms of the latest varieties, farm machinery
and equipment, farm demonstrations were taken up under
the scheme with a cost of 5000 per hectare.
Animal Husbandry activities
Animal husbandry, agriculture and allied activities
have been the core livelihood for the majority of the rural
people since time immemorial. It provides productive
self-employment and is a source of supplementary
income to a vast majority of rural households, majority of
the mare small and marginal farmers, and landless
labourers. Livestock provides increased economic
stability to the poor masses. They act as cash buffer in case
of small stock and as a captive reserve in case of a larger
stock. Financial assistance up to 50 per cent had given for
rearing of crossbred cow, improved buffalo breed, sheep,
goat, piggery and backyard poultry.
138
IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF KRISHI BHAGYA SCHEME IN KARNATAKA:
THE POLICY IMPERATIVES
qualitative and quantitative variables (Bagley et al., 2001,
Bewick et al., 2005, Hosmer, 2013 and Peng, 2002). We
employed logit model to examine the factors associated
with a farmer's access to KBS. The logit regression is
given by,
Where,
Yi is access to KBS scheme = 1, otherwise = 0
p represents the probability that the farmer accessed
KBS scheme
βi are regression coefficients to be estimated by the
maximum likelihood method
th
Xi represents a vector of characteristics of i farmer
Dependent variable: Access to KBS scheme (Yes=1,
0=otherwise)
Independent variables:
Crop type (if agricultural crop =1, horticulture=0)
Experience in farming (years)
Education of household head (reference category:
illiteracy)
Primary (if education of household head is primary=1
otherwise=0)
Middle (if education of household head is middle =1
otherwise=0)
Secondary (if education of household head is Secondary
=1 otherwise=0)
Higher secondary and above =1, otherwise=0)
Land size (reference category: marginal)
Small (if land size is between 1-2 hectare=1,
otherwise=0)
Semi-medium (if land size is between 2-4 hectare =1,
otherwise=0)
Large (if land size is >4 hectare =1, otherwise=0)
Ordinary least square method
To access the crop income after KBS scheme,
ordinary least square method (Johnson and Wichern,
1999) was employed.
Dependent variable: Access to KBS scheme (Yes=1,
0=otherwise)
Shade net around Farm pond
To avoid evaporation loss of water and accidental
deaths in the farm ponds, shade net around farm ponds are
provided as safety measures with financial assistance up
to 50 per cent of the cost.
Construction of Polyhouse/Shade net
Polyhouse farming is a new technique in agriculture
to grow high-value floriculture and vegetable crops and
fetch higher income. It is considered as an important way
of improving the economic status of poor dryland
farmers, reducing the dependency on rainfall and
optimum utilization of the resources. This has enabled
farmers to grow high-value vegetables and flower crops,
thus fetching higher income. Farmers are provided with
financial assistance up to 50 per cent of the investment to
the general category and 90 per cent to SC/ST category of
farmers with a ceiling limit of 1 acre. So far 2460 farmers
were benefited under this scheme.
In this context, this study was taken up to analyse the
implementation of the KBS in Hassan district and its
impact on the upliftment of small and marginal farmers,
challenges in implementation in detail; to know whether
the KBS can shift the farmers from rain-dependent
farming culture to protective irrigation farming culture
and suggest the possible relevant policy changes for
effective implementation of the scheme.
METHODOLOGY
Study area
The primary data to assess KBS scheme and its
impact on income were collected by interviewing the
farmers personally with the help of a specially structured
and pre-tested schedule. The present study was confined
to Hassan district of Karnataka state, which is rainfed
area. To collect relevant information about KBS,
beneficiary and non- beneficiary agricultural and
horticultural farmers were selected by simple random
sampling. The ultimate units, i.e., agricultural beneficiary
were 40 farmers and non- beneficiary were 35 farmers
were selected. In the case of horticulture, beneficiary was
21 farmers, non- beneficiaries were 21 farmers. Sample
sizes are 117 respondents. The collected data were
analysed the impact assessment of KBS in Karnataka
Econometrics Tools
Logit model
Access to KBS scheme usually is not random but is
based on specific socioeconomic characteristics, so the
dependent variable is binary (access to KBS scheme = 1,
otherwise = 0), and the independent variables are a mix of
139
INDIAN JOURNAL OF EXTENSION EDUCATION
Independent variables
Crop type (if agricultural crop =1, horticulture=0)
Experience in farming (years)
Education of household head (reference category:
illiteracy)
Primary (if education of household head is primary=1
otherwise=0)
Middle (if education of household head is middle =1
otherwise=0)
Secondary (if education of household head is Secondary
=1 otherwise=0)
Higher secondary and above =1, otherwise=0)
Land size (reference category: marginal)
Small (if land size is between 1-2 hectare=1,
otherwise=0)
Semi-medium (if land size is between 2-4 hectare =1,
otherwise=0)
Large (if land size is >4 hectare =1, otherwise=0)
Benefit of KBS scheme (Yes=1, 0=otherwise)
Average Mean Score Method
Average mean score method was used to find out the
farmer's perception about KBS on agricultural and
horticultural crop production, problems in production of
agricultural and horticultural crops and farmers'
suggestions for improving the performance scheme.
Where,
xi - Sum of sampled statements
n - Total sample of respondents
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Determinants of access to Krishi Bhagya Scheme
(Logistic Regression)
Though few households only participated in the KBS,
the study analysed the factors which mainly influence
access to KBS. Table 1 presents the parameter estimates
for the factors affecting agricultural and horticultural
households' access to KBS. The results revealed that
access to KBS is significantly influenced by agricultural
and horticultural household characteristics like education
level and land size where much influence to access to
KBS. Though the education level of households was
significant except for primary education and all other
levels of education negatively influence to access KBS.
On the other hand, the experience in farming does not
have any direct impact on access to the scheme. Our result
contradicts Mishra and Said El-Osta (2008) by saying that
experience in farming helps improve decision making
concerning farm to some point of age. It would be directly
in proportion with the decision making power of the
family head. The previous analysis of the socio-economic
parameters defines the status of the elderly role in
decision making regarding farming and other family
issues. It implies that the operational head had not much
experience had aid and advice from the elderly in a family
who does not have more education. The coefficient of
land size with small (between 1-2 hectare) and large (>4
hectares) are statistically significant at the 1 percent level.
It was observed from the table that the type of crop sown
also significantly influences access to the KBS. Though
horticultural crops were gained much awareness in the
program agricultural beneficiaries were accessed KBS
easily than earlier.
Average mean score = xi
n
Table 1: Determinants of access to KBS
Variables Coefficient Standard Error z
Dependent variable: Access to KBS scheme (Yes=1, 0=otherwise)
Independent variable
Crop type (if agricultural crop =1, horticulture=0) 0.948** 0.546 1.74
Experience in farming (years)
0.015
0.018 0.83
Education of household head (reference category: illiteracy)
Primary 2.195**
1.272 1.72
Middle -1.278**
0.677 -1.89
Secondary -1.311**
0.659 -1.99
Higher secondary and above
-0.137
0.638 -0.22
Land size (reference category: marginal)
Small 2.003***
0.656 3.05
Semi-medium 1.591**
0.658 2.41
Large 3.105***
0.958 3.24
constant -1.723**
0.781 -2.21
Number of observation 117
LR chi2(9) 31.95
Prob > chi2 0.0002
Pseudo R2 0.197
Log likelihood -65.017
Note: *** : 0.01 percent significance level
** : 5 percent significance level
*:10 percent significance level respectively
Ordinary Least Square Estimation
To u nder s tand the crop i n come d u e t o
implementation of KBS, Ordinary Least Square (OLS)
procedure was used for estimating the efficiency of the
educational status and land size of both agriculture and
horticultural farmers. The independents variable was crop
type (if agricultural crop is =1, horticulture=0), education
of household head where reference category was
illiteracy among the farmers and land size with reference
variable marginal farmers.
140
IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF KRISHI BHAGYA SCHEME IN KARNATAKA:
THE POLICY IMPERATIVES
Table 2: Regression model of crop income due to KBS scheme
According to the results presented in Table 2, the
coefficient of multiple determinations (R2) indicated that
18 percent of the total variations in net income were
explained by the explanatory variables. It is inferred that
education particularly secondary and higher secondary
levels significantly affect the income of the beneficiaries.
It is primarily through their capacity building from KBS
regarding farming and marketing of produce. Likewise,
the size of the land distribution not significantly affects
the income of the beneficiaries. Marginal, small and
medium farmers were occupied much of the share in the
total land holding they gained income according to their
share. It was observed that benefit gained through KBS
was significantly influenced the income of the farmer-
beneficiaries which shows 0.47 times higher income than
the non-beneficiaries. The KBS program has a direct
impact on the income of the farmer-beneficiaries which
helped the upliftment of their position compared with
non-beneficiaries.
Agricultural farmer's perception about KBS on crop
production
Agricultural farmer's perceptions about KBS on crop
production are presented in Table 3. Among the sample
agricultural farmers 97.5 per cent have agreed that there is
an increase in the farm ponds due to KBS, 57.5 agreed that
there is an increase in the pump sets, 75 per cent have
agreed that there is an increase in the yield due to adoption
of the scheme. It is to be noted that only 30 percent of
sample beneficiaries agreed that income has been
adversely affected due to the adoption of the scheme.
Independent variable Coefficient Standard
Error
t P>t
Dependent variable: Crop income due to KBS scheme (`)
Crop type (if agricultural crop is =1,
horticulture=0)
0.316 0.206 1.53 0.13
Education of household head (reference category: illiteracy)
Primary (if education of household head is
primary=1 otherwise=0)
0.583
0.365 1.6 0.113
middle (if education of household head is
middle =1 otherwise=0)
0.410
0.275 1.49 0.139
Secondary (if education of household head
is Secondary =1 otherwise=0)
0.441**
0.258 1.7 0.091
Higher secondary and above =1,
otherwise=0)
0.672**
0.257 2.61 0.01
Land size (reference category: marginal)
Small (if land size is between 1-2
hectare=1, otherwise=0)
0.426
0.250 1.71 0.091
Semi-medium (if land size is between 2-4
hectare =1, otherwise=0)
0.229
0.257 0.89 0.375
Large (if land size is >4 hectare =1,
otherwise=0)
-0.285
0.328 -0.87 0.386
Benefit of BSY scheme (Yes=1,
0=otherwise)
0.474**
0.193 2.45 0.016
constant 10.250 *** 0.263 38.9 0
Number of observation 117
F(9, 107) 2.58
Prob > F 0.0099
R-squared 0.178
Adj R-squared 0.109
Note: *** : 0.01 per cent significance level
** : 5 per cent significance level
*:10 per cent significance level respectively
Table 3: Agricultural farmer's perception about KBS
on crop production
Statements Response Beneficiary Non-beneficiary
Before
2014
After
2014
Before
2014
After
2014
Cost of cultivation has
increased
Agree
17.5
77.5
51.43 34.29
Undecided
25
12.5
8.57 22.86
Disagree
50
7.5
2.86 5.71
There is an increase in the farm
ponds due to KBS
Agree
5
97.5
11.43 28.57
Undecided
42.5
0
40.00 20.00
Disagree
32.5
0
8.57 11.43
There is increase in the pump
sets due to adoption of KBS
Agree
2.5
57.5
40.00 31.43
Undecided
47.5
22.5
14.29 11.43
Disagree
30
15
5.71 17.14
There is increase in the crop
yield due to adoption of KBS
Agree
2.5
75
17.14 17.14
Undecided
55
15
42.86 20.00
Disagree 25 7.5 2.86 20.00
Income from agriculture has
been adversely affected due to
adoption of KBS
Agree 2.5 30 22.86 25.71
Undecided 15 10 31.43 22.86
Disagree 65 52.5 5.71 11.43
Horticultural Farmer's Perception about KBS on
Crop Production
Horticultural farmer's perception about KBS on crop
production is furnished in Table 4. Among the
beneficiaries 100 percent agreed that there is an increase
in the farm ponds due to KBS, 90 per cent agreed that
there is an increase in the pump sets, 90 per cent agreed
that there is an increase in the crop yield. However, 60 per
cent of sampled adopted farmers agreed that income from
agriculture has been adversely affected due to the
adoption of the scheme. But the overall and long term
sustainability of the scheme is expected to nullify the
short-run reduction in the income.
Table 4: Horticultural Farmer's Perception about KBS
on Crop Production
Statements Response Beneficiary Non-
beneficiary
Before
2014
After
2014
Before
2014
After
2014
Cost of cultivation has increased
Agree
0
95 0 20
Undecided
45
0
10 0
Disagree
20
5
5 5
There is an increase in the farm ponds
due to KBS
Agree
10
100 5 25
Undecided
45
0
10 0
Disagree
10
0
0 0
There is increase in the pump sets due
to adoption of KBS
Agree
5
90 0 25
Undecided
45
0
10 0
Disagree 10 10 0 0
There is increase in the crop yield due
to adoption of KBS
Agree
5
90 0 25
Undecided 45 10 10 0
Disagree 10 0 0 0
Income from agriculture has been
adversely affected due to adoption of
KBS
Agree 0 60 0 20
Undecided 55 0 10 0
Disagree 5 50 0 5
141
INDIAN JOURNAL OF EXTENSION EDUCATION
Problems in production of agricultural crops
A critical look into the problems faced by the farmers
would mean a lot for the policymakers to design proper
schemes that would perform well in the field. In the case
of beneficiaries, a low number of visits by extension
agency, lack of proper guidance in utilizing the resources
and lack of awareness about the scheme were the major
concerns.
As expected the lack of awareness which is the
consequence of low visits of extension agencies and lack
of agricultural infrastructure facilities like lack of
adequate ponds were the major problems faced by the
non-beneficiary farmers. So in order to improve the
performance of the scheme and increase the general
agricultural production, it is indeed essential to increase
agricultural extension functionaries' visit to the farmers
and invest in the dissemination of agricultural knowledge
to the farmers. Problems in agricultural crops production
are given in Table 5.
Farmers' suggestions for improving the performance
scheme
The perspective of the policymaker, it is imperative to
look into this for better implementation of the scheme. In
the case of agricultural sector beneficiary farmers,' the
major suggestion was to provide a proper source of
information about the scheme. They also suggested
making the procedure simplified and modernization of
land records. But in the case of non-beneficiaries, the
major suggestion was to make the procedure simplified.
This is vital for them to adopt the scheme. Unlike the
agricultural sector, horticulture farmers suggested
making the availability of land records online. They
suggest that this would increase the performance of the
scheme. Table 7 represents the farmers' suggestions for
improving the performance scheme
Table 5: Problems in production of agricultural crops
Table 7: Farmers' suggestions for improving the
performance scheme
Problems Beneficiary Non-beneficiary
Mean score Rank Mean score Rank
Lack of awareness about the scheme
2.63
3
2.29 1
Lack of adequate ponds
1.98
6
2.26 3
Lack of adequate pump set
2.00
5
2.20 4
Small size of holding
1.63
7
1.71 7
Lack of proper guidance in utilizing the
resources
2.70
2
2.17 5
Number of visits of extension agency 2.78 1 2.23 2
Non availability of timely subsidy 2.30 4 2.11 6
Problems in production of horticultural crops
Problems in horticultural crops production are given
in Table 6. It is important to note that even among the
beneficiaries the non-availability of the timely subsidies
and lack of proper guidance in utilizing the resources and
a low number of visits by extension agencies were major
issues of concern. The same set of reasons perhaps
presumed reasons among the non-beneficiaries.
Table 6: Problems in production of horticultural crops
Problems Beneficiary Non-beneficiary
Mean
score
Rank
Mean
score
Rank
Lack of awareness about the scheme
4.3
4
4.4 4
Lack of adequate ponds
1.75
7
2.6 6
Lack of adequate pump set
2.35
6
3.25 5
Small size of holding 2.7
5
2.5 7
Lack of proper guidance in utilizing the resources
5.25
2
5.6 3
Number of visits of extension agency 4.9 3 5.8 2
Non availability of timely subsidy 5.45 1 5.95 1
Suggestions Agriculture Horticulture
Beneficiary
Non-
beneficiary
Beneficiary
Non-
beneficiary
Mean
score
Rank
Mean
score
Rank
Mean
score
Rank Mean
score
Rank
Provide proper source
of information about
the scheme
1.43
1
1.09
3
2.05
2 1.9 3
To prepare simplified
procedure
1.35
2
1.20
1
1.25
3 2.1 2
To make availability
of land record online
1.05 3 1.14 2 2.75 1 2.6 1
CONCLUSION
The study applied logit model as well as ordinary
least square method to access KBS in Karnataka. It
indicates that KBS is significantly influenced by
agricultural and horticultural household characteristics
like education level, land size, and type of crop sown
significantly influences access to the KBS. Though
horticultural crops were gained much awareness in the
program agricultural beneficiaries were accessed KBS
easily than earlier. The study also concludes that crop
income due to implementation of the KBS program has a
direct impact on the income of the farmer-beneficiaries
which helped the upliftment of their position compared
with non-beneficiaries. The study also found that
agricultural and horticultural farmer's perceptions of KBS
on crop production among the sample agricultural
farmers, 97.5 and 57.5 per cent have agreed that there is an
increase in the farm ponds and pump sets, respectively. In
the case of horticultural beneficiaries, 100 and 90 per cent
agreed that there is an increase in the farm ponds, pump
sets, and crop yield, respectively. The study also found
that problems in the production of crops. It was noted that
142
Government of Karnataka, (2019). Krishi Bhagya
Scheme in Karnataka. https://raitamitra.karnataka.
gov.in/info-2/krushi+ Bhagya/en
Johnson, R. A., & Wichern, D. W. (2002). Applied
Multivariate Statistical Analysis (Vol. 5, No. 8). Upper
Saddle River, NJ: Prentice hall.
Hosmer Jr, D. W., Lemeshow, S., & Sturdivant, R. X.
(2013). Applied Logistic Regression (Vol. 398). John
Wiley & Sons.
Mishra, A. K., & El-Osta, H. S. (2008). Effect of
agricultural policy on succession decisions of farm
households. Review of Economics of the Household,
6(3), 285-307.
Peng, C. Y. J., Lee, K. L., & Ingersoll, G. M. (2002). An
introduction to logistic regression analysis and reporting.
The journal of Educational Research, 96(1), 3-14.
the number of visits of extension agency, lack of
awareness about the scheme and non-availability of
timely subsidy was considered as the major problems
faced by beneficiary and non- beneficiary farmers. The
study suggests to provide a proper source of information
about the scheme and also to make availability of land
records online for beneficiaries farmers and to make
availability of land record online was the suggestion for
non- beneficiaries farmers to improve the performance of
KBS scheme for farm practices.
Paper received on : January 20, 2020
Accepted on : March 02, 2020
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IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF KRISHI BHAGYA SCHEME IN KARNATAKA:
THE POLICY IMPERATIVES
143
