ArticlePDF Available

الإستراتيجيات والمعايير التصميمية للفراغات الخارجية المفتوحة التصالحية بالجامعات المصرية Strategies and Design Principles for Restorative, Healthy open outdoor spaces in Egyptian universities campus

Authors:

Abstract and Figures

تلعب الفراغات الخارجية المفتوحة دوراً فعالاً فى تحسين الحالة الصحية للأنسان نفسياً وعقلياً وبدنياً، كما أنها لها القدرة على تحقيق الرفاه، حيث يلتقط تصميمها العديد من الصفات الطبيعية للشفاء التي ينجذب إليها البشرغريزيًا، بالأضافة إلى نتائج تجارب التأثير النفسى على الأنسان وخاصة على الطلاب كتخفيف التوتر، وتحسين الروح المعنوية، الرفاه ورفع الأداء، فتقدم هذه الورقة بعض الأفكار حول هذا الموضوع، حيث تقترح إطار للمبادئ التصميمية للفراغات الخارجية المفتوحة التصالحية بالنسيج العمرانى للجامعات، التى تستنتج بالجمع مع الأساليب القياسية للبيئة الأستشفائية التصالحية في سياق تخطيط الجامعات لخلق وتهيئة بيئة مبنية وطبيعية مريحة نفسياً وعقلياً وبدنياً للطالب تساهم فى تعزيز الشفاء البشرى (الأستعادة النفسية) للحد من الإجهاد والضغط النفسى الذى يتعرض له الطالب الجامعى أثناء حياته الدراسية، بالإضافة إلى ذلك، كيفية إستكشاف إحتمالية الإستعادة الفسيولوجية بالفراغات الخارجية المفتوحة للجامعة، التى تعتبر بمثابة مؤشرا أولياً لفعالية المساحات الخضراء في تلبية إحتياجات الطالب داخل بيئة الجامعة ومعرفة كيفية تطبيقها وأين تكون قابلة للتطبيق بكل نوعية فراغ خارجى بالحرم؛ وذلك لتعزيز فعالية المشهد الطبيعى داخل الجامعة للأستفادة من مزاياها التصالحية التى إستندت صحتها من خلال نظريات الاتجاهات التي كانت رائدة منذ بدايات القرن العشرين وصقلها في الآونة الأخيرة بعالم النظريات المعمارية من قبل علماء النفس البيئى ككابلان وكوبر، الذين أكدو وجود خصائص أساسية موجودة بالعالم الطبيعي مرتبطة بالمنافع النفسية البشرية، والتي لديها القدرة على إعادة إحياء اتصال الناس بالطبيعة المفضلة المحيطة بشكل يعزز أداءهم وصحتهم .
Content may be subject to copyright.
ENGINEERING RESEARCH JOURNAL (ERJ)
Vol. 1, No. 45 July. 2020, pp. 237-251
Journal Homepage: http://erj.bu.edu.eg
-237-

 

1


1

2

3

   
 


         

 



      
       
 
 


 

             








     

               





















                 
Vol. 1, No.45 July. 2020, pp. 237-251

Engineering Research Journal (ERJ)
238




     
     

2Healthy Environment
        
NaturalEnvironment   BuiltEnvironment  
   
         


         

    


Restorative Environment


                



 
  ART 
      


1 Escape

2 ConnectionandExtent

3 Fascination 
               
Vol. 1, No.45 July. 2020, pp. 237-251

Engineering Research Journal (ERJ)
239

 4 Compatibility     


 Restorative Environmental Design      

Restorative Environmental Design


 
               



                  
              
             
              



   
   
     
    
                  
           














     
    

 SRTART
Vol. 1, No.45 July. 2020, pp. 237-251

Engineering Research Journal (ERJ)
240





6 

"attentional recovery

(ART), (SRT)
StressRecoveryTheory  AttentionRestorationTheory   
Biophilia
SRT




 ART


          

                




SRTART
 
       

 
      
     

7

 


328
Vol. 1, No.45 July. 2020, pp. 237-251

Engineering Research Journal (ERJ)
241
8
  


47
              

1


 











 





 



 



 

  






 Mildred F. Schmertz.
"
Campus Planning and Design
"
.

 "Designing Places for People"C.M Deasy and T. Lasswell
Vol. 1, No.45 July. 2020, pp. 237-251

Engineering Research Journal (ERJ)
242
9
             
           Stephen  
     
                 
              

               








 










 
 


 

 



 
   

 







 













    

 


 



 
  






Kaplan, R. & Kaplan, S."" The Experience of Nature"
Vol. 1, No.45 July. 2020, pp. 237-251

Engineering Research Journal (ERJ)
243
1 Restorative Landscape Design

 2 
Spatial Design
 3  4 Green Design







Clare cooper Marcus. (2014). Therapeutic LANDSCAPES: An Evidence Based Approach to Designing
Healing Gardens and Restorative Outdoor Spaces, Stephen S. Y. Lau. z. g. (2014). Healthy Campus by Open Space Design







  Restorative Environments 

 Landscaped
Setback














 Entry Garden

Roof Garden

Healing Garden
 Meditation
Garden


Viewing Garden


Tucked away
Garden
  Spatial Design












 Roof Terrace

terraces

field








Vol. 1, No.45 July. 2020, pp. 237-251

Engineering Research Journal (ERJ)
244
















Pathways




Nodes
















 Restorative LandscapePhysical Design Guidelines

Gateways







seating














Alcoves






 Canopies











Foci


 










Vol. 1, No.45 July. 2020, pp. 237-251

Engineering Research Journal (ERJ)
245

Lighting
Elements





































 Green Design
Eco- system







Rain Water Garden



Microclimate



 




               
         


             
2

           


Vol. 1, No.45 July. 2020, pp. 237-251

Engineering Research Journal (ERJ)
246
10










Vol. 1, No.45 July. 2020, pp. 237-251

Engineering Research Journal (ERJ)
247
3 



(Arizona State University
Polytechnic)

Duke University

RSP Architects Lake
|Flato Architects Ten Eyck
Landscape Architects
Horace Trumbauer and Julian AbeleWilliam leong, Linda
Jewell,
Laurie Olin, Mark hough
























     
    
    
      
    
    


 
      

 


















Vol. 1, No.45 July. 2020, pp. 237-251

Engineering Research Journal (ERJ)
248
 










      
  
       
   
      
     
 




           







          
 
     
        
    



    
 
    




         








Vol. 1, No.45 July. 2020, pp. 237-251

Engineering Research Journal (ERJ)
249








 





















 





































 


Vol. 1, No.45 July. 2020, pp. 237-251

Engineering Research Journal (ERJ)
250













[1] 

[2] Amanda C. Cleveland. (2014). Symbiosis Between Biophilic Design and Restorative Healing
Environments: The Impact on Overall Well-Being of Urban Dweller. A Thesis. Florida State
University.
[3] Benfield JA, Rainbolt GN, Bell PA, Donovan GH. (2013). Classrooms with Nature Views: Evidence
of Differing Student Perceptions and Behaviors. Environment and Behavior. P14057.
[4] Bowler DE, Buyung -Ali LM, Knight TM, Pullin AS. (2010). A systematic review of evidence for the
added benefits to health of exposure to natural environments. BMC public health. P10:456.
[5] Brings li mark T, Hartig T, Patil GG. (2009). The psychological benefits of indoor plants: A critical
review of the experimental literature. Journal of Environmental Psychology. P29:42233.
[6] Clare cooper Marcus. (2014). Therapeutic LANDSCAPES: An Evidence Based Approach to
Designing Healing Gardens and Restorative Outdoor Spaces. John Wiley &Sons, Hoboken
[7] C.M Deasy, T. Lasswell. (1985). Designing Places for People. New York: Whitney Library of
Design.
[8] Driessen M. (jan2011). Geestelijkeongezondheid in Nederland in kaartgebracht. Eenbeschrijving van
de MHI-5 in de gezondheidsmodule van het Permanent OnderzoekLeefsituatie. Den haag/Heerlen:
Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek.
[9] Eike von Lindern, Freddie Lymeus, Terry Hartig. (September 2016). The Restorative Environment: A
Complementary Concept for Salutogenesis Studies. The Handbook of Salutogenesis. ch.19.
[10] Hartig T, Mitchell R, De Vries S, Frumkin H. (2014). Nature and Health. In: Fielding JE, editor.
Annual Review of Public Health. Annual Review of Public Health. Vol 35. P207
[11] (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_health). Accessed 13 Oct 2019.
[12] (https://www.aaidd.org/news-policy/policy/positionstatements/environmental-health). Accessed 13
Oct 2019.
[13] (https://www.johnstondesigngroup.us/culture/faq). Accessed Oct 2019.
[14] Horne WR. (2000). How students spend their time in: Bornstein N, Casazzo M, editors. The learning
assistance review. P2234
[15] Hurst CS, Baranik LE, Daniel F. (2013). College Student Stressors: A Review of the Qualitative
Research. Stress and Health. P29:27585
[16] Ian Bentley and others. (1985). Responsive Environments: A Manual for Designers. London.
Architectural Press.
Vol. 1, No.45 July. 2020, pp. 237-251

Engineering Research Journal (ERJ)
251
[17] Jalil NA, Yunus RM, Said NS. (2012). Environmental color impact upon human behaviour: A
review. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences.P35:5462
[18] Johnson, Katie. (2002). Designing Natural Therapeutic Environments. In Interaction by Design:
Bringing People and Plants Together for Health and Well-Being. An International Symposium. edited
by Candice A. Shoemaker. Ames: Iowa State Press
[19] Kaplan, S. (1995). The restorative benefits of nature: toward an integrative framework, Journal
of Environmental Psychology, 15, P15:16982.
[20] Kaplan, Stephen, Rachel Kaplan, and Robert Ryan. (1998). With People in Mind: Design and
Management of Everyday Nature. Book. Washington D.C.: Island Pr.
[21] Kaplan, R. & Kaplan, S. (1989). The Experience of Nature (New York: Cambridge University Press).
[22] London Healthy Urban Development Unit. (March 2014). Healthy Urban Planning Checklist
[23] Macaskill A. (2013). The mental health of university students in the United Kingdom. British Journal
of Guidance &Counselling. P41(4):42641.
[24] MarjutNousiainen, HeikkiLindroos, Petri Heino,MeriValta,JukkaHäkkinen. (2016). RESTORATIVE
ENVIRONMENT DESIGN. Kymenlaakso University of Applied Sciences.
[25] McFarland A, Waliczek T, Zajicek J. (2008). The relationship between student use of campus green
spaces and perceptions of quality of life. HortTechnology. P18(2):2328.
[26] Mcsweeney J, Rainham D, Johnson SA, Sherry SB, Singleton J. (2015). Indoor nature exposure
(INE): A Health-Promotion Framework. Health Promotion International. P30(1)12639.
[27] Mike Burnard. (June 2014). SWST International conference. Zvolen. Slovakia.
[28] Mildred F. Schmertz. (1972). Campus Planning and Design. New York: McGraw-Hill Inc. US.
[29] NAz K, Epps H. (2004). Relationship between color and emotion: A study of college students.
College Student. P38(3):396.
[30] Robotham D. (2008). Stress among higher education students: Towards a research agenda. Higher
Education. P56(6)73546
[31] Schmidt E, Simons M. (2013). Psychischeklachtenonderstudenten. LandelijkseStudentenVakbond
(LSVb).
[32] SimaPouya, ElifBayramoğlu, ÖnerDemirel. (2016). Restorative Garden As An Useful Way To Relive
Stress In Megacities. A Case Study in Istanbul. Research Article. İnönü University Journal of Art and
Design.
[33] Stephen S. Y. Lau, Feng Yang. (jan2009). Introducing Healing Gardens into a Compact
University Campus: Design Natural Space to Create Healthy and Sustainable Campuses. Landscape
Research. Routledge. University of Tennessee. P55-81.
[34] Stephen S. Y. Lau. z. g. (2014). Healthy Campus by Open Space Design. Research Article
[35] Storrie K, Ahern K, Tuckett. A. (2010). A systematic Review: Students with mental health
problemsa growing problem. International journal of nursing practice. P16.
[36] Suhrcke M, Da Paz Nieves C. (2011). The impact of health and health behaviours on educational
outcomes in high-income countries: A review of the evidence. Copenhagen. World Health
Organization.
[37] Ulrich R. S. (1983). Aesthetic and affective response to natural environment. Behavior and the natural
environment. 85125.
[38] Ulrich R, S. (1986). Human responses to vegetation and landscape. Landscape and Urban Planning.
P13:2944
[39] Ulrich, R. S. (1999). Effects of gardens on health outcomes: theory and research, in: C. C. Marcus
& M. Barnes (Eds) Healing Gardens: Therapeutic Benefits and Design Recommendation, pp. 2786.
(New York: Wiley).
[40] WPI Economics. (2014). A Design for Life: Integrating health and wellbeing into design and
development.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any citations for this publication.
Article
Full-text available
Engaging in outdoor nature-based spaces has significant positive physiological and psychological health benefits. Although the integration of nature into indoor spaces is rarely considered a health-promoting tool, it may be an effective method for increasing nature engagement in a largely urbanized world. This paper presents an overview of indoor nature exposure (INE) by summarizing the current evidence of INE through the use of a scoping methodology. Results show that INE can be a health-promoting tool through the interaction of nature-based stimuli and individual characteristics (e.g. gender, age). Moreover, the results of the current literature need to be interpreted with consideration to methodological issues, such as the lack of participant characteristics, the issue of exposure realism and little qualitative data to highlight individual experiences. The scoping review process allowed for the summation of results and for a framework to be created in order to better understand how INE is facilitated.
Article
Full-text available
The stress and disorders of the urban life and the pollutions in the large cities such as Istanbul, have made the social and individual health decrease, and therefore it is necessary that some tact be considered in order to diminish these negative effects. The aim of this study is to examine whether there is a relation between restorative gardens in the city and stress. In other words, can restorative gardens surrounding residential homes in cities help to create a less stressful everyday environment? This paper will begin with a cursory overview of a broad concept of stress, health and wellness and proceed to examine in detail Ulrich's Theory of Restorative Garden Design and its implications for gardens in cities. Research shows that benefits would accrue to society as a whole if these design features were implemented on a wide scale.
Chapter
Full-text available
This in-depth survey of salutogenesis shows the breadth and strengths of this innovative perspective on health promotion, health care, and wellness. Background and historical chapters trace the development of the salutogenic model of health, and flesh out the central concepts, most notably generalized resistance resources and the sense of coherence, that differentiate it from pathogenesis. From there, experts describe a range of real-world applications within and outside health contexts, from positive psychology to geriatrics, from small towns to corrections facilities, and from school and workplace to professional training. Perspectives from scholars publishing in languages other than English show the global relevance of the field.Among the topics in the Handbook:· Emerging ideas relevant to the salutogenic model of healthSpecific resistance resources in the salutogenic model of health The sense of coherence and its measurementThe application of salutogenesis in communities and neighborhoodsThe application of salutogenesis to health development in youth with chronic conditionsThe application of salutogenesis in mental health care settingsThe Handbook of Salutogenesis summarizes an increasingly salient field for graduate and professional students of public health, nursing, psychology, and medicine, and for their instructors. It will also appeal to health-related academicians and professionals who wish to have a thorough grounding in the topic.
Article
Full-text available
This paper analyses 40 previous colour studies selected from various disciplines discussing previous methods and colour effects in order to find its significant impact on humans. It reviews factors such as type of setting, method of assessment, instruments and type of colours. Secondly, it discuss how colours or coloured environment have influence working performances; causing certain behavior; creating negative or positive perception to surroundings and task given; and influencing moods and emotions. Finally, this paper highlights the potential scientific approach in finding colour effects on human behaviour. The paper summarized factors to be included for further steps of current investigation.
Article
Full-text available
ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS. life satisfaction, university student satisfaction, quality of life of university students scale, green-use SUMMARY. Researchers have found that students' perception of their overall academic experience and the campus environment is related to academic accomplishment. Additionally, studies have found that the designed environment of the university can influence the degree of stress students may feel. The main objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between undergraduate university student use of campus green spaces and their perceptions of quality of life at a university in Texas. A total of 2334 students or 10% of the undergraduate student body received e-mails with information regarding the incentive for participation and instructions on accessing an online survey. The survey included questions that related to student use of campus green spaces, overall quality of life statements, an instrument to measure the quality of life of university students, and demographic questions. A total of 373 surveys was collected and analyzed to compare levels of quality of life of university students and the level of usage of campus green spaces. Demographic information collected allowed controlling for student grade classification, gender, and ethnicity. Frequency statistics determined that, on average, more than half the students were ranked as ''high-users'' of the campus green spaces, and very few students were considered ''low-users.'' Frequency statistics also determined that most students rated their overall quality of life and quality of life of university students positively. Additionally, this study found that undergraduate student use of campus green spaces and perceptions of quality of life were related to each other.
Article
Natural space is beneficial for human mental health, a fact confirmed by a large body of research findings. This benefit has significance for university staff and students who are at a critical stage of development of their bodies and minds. Given the fact that university study is quite stressful for most college students, the study of the healing power of natural space on campus could be of value in sustainable campus landscape design. The paper explores the application of healing gardens to a compact campus design and renovation, in order to study its potential role in realizing the objective of creating a health-supportive and sustainable campus environment. Mental health benefits and design guidelines for healing gardens are discussed, through an extensive literature review. Following this, HKU Main campus is used as a case study in which the use pattern of the green spaces in a compact built setting is examined. Based on the findings, suggestions for improvement of both the existing HKU grounds and the new centennial campus natural space are offered in an attempt to enhance health benefits and make the university a healthier environment for study and leisure.