Smart production of spirulina (Spirulina platensis) using supernatant of digested rotten potato (Solanum tuberosum)

Abstract

The study was conducted to evaluate the culture and growth performance of spirulina (Spirulina platensis) in supernatant of three different amounts of digested rotten potato (DRP), and Kosaric medium (KM) as control in 16 days after 26 days digestion. Three different concentrations such as 20, 40 and 60% of DRP were used. Spirulina was inoculated in supernatant DRP along with 9.0 g/L NaHCO 3 and micronutrients, and KM for a period of 14 days. The cell weight of spirulina was attained a maximum of 12.42 ± 0.21 mg/L in KM followed by 8.352 ± 0.21, 6.256 ± 2.34 and 9.505 ± 0.43 mg/L in supernatant of 40, 20 and 60% DRP, respectively on the 10 th day of culture. Similar trend was also observed in the cases of optical density, chlorophyll a, total biomass, specific growth rates. Cell weight of spirulina grown in the media were highly significant (p<0.01) and correlated with the chlorophyll a content and total biomass. The growth performance of spirulina grown in supernatant of 60% DRP was significantly higher than that of spirulina grown in supernatant of 20 and 40% DRP. Therefore, mass culture of spirulina may be done in supernatant of 60% DRP.

Full text

Vol 2 No 1 March 2021 Pages 62-69 e-ISSN 2708-5694
Journal of Agriculture, Food and Environment (JAFE)
Journal Homepage: http://journal.safebd.org/index.php/jafe
http://doi.org/10.47440/JAFE.2021.2111
Original Article
Smart production of spirulina (Spirulina platensis) using supernatant of digested
rotten potato (Solanum tuberosum)
M. A. A. Hossain1, M. H. Rahman2*, M. S. Hossain1, M. A. B. Habib1, M. A. Uddin3 AND F. Sarker4
1 Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202
2* Department of Aquaculture, Khulna Agricultural University, Khulna-9100
3 Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Bangladesh
4 Department of Life Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart-7005, Australia
A B S T R A C T
Article History
Received: 02 March 2021
Revised: 20 March 2021
Accepted: 23 March 2021
Published online: 31 March 2021
*Corresponding Author
M. H. Rahman, E-mail:
hamidurbau@yahoo.com
Keywords
Spirulina, Potato, Growth, Kosaric medium,
Optical density.
The study was conducted to evaluate the culture and growth performance of
spirulina (Spirulina platensis) in supernatant of three different amounts of
digested rotten potato (DRP), and Kosaric medium (KM) as control in 16 days
after 26 days digestion. Three different concentrations such as 20, 40 and 60%
of DRP were used. Spirulina was inoculated in supernatant DRP along with 9.0
g/L NaHCO3 and micronutrients, and KM for a period of 14 days. The cell
weight of spirulina was attained a maximum of 12.42 ± 0.21 mg/L in KM
followed by 8.352 ± 0.21, 6.256 ± 2.34 and 9.505 ± 0.43 mg/L in supernatant of
40, 20 and 60% DRP, respectively on the 10th day of culture. Similar trend was
also observed in the cases of optical density, chlorophyll a, total biomass,
specific growth rates. Cell weight of spirulina grown in the media were highly
significant (p<0.01) and correlated with the chlorophyll a content and total
biomass. The growth performance of spirulina grown in supernatant of 60%
DRP was significantly higher than that of spirulina grown in supernatant of 20
and 40% DRP. Therefore, mass culture of spirulina may be done in supernatant
of 60% DRP.
© Society of Agriculture, Food and Environment (SAFE)
Introduction
Spirulina is a multi-celluar, blue-green algae. They are very
small and microscopic and 300-500µm in duration. Sizeable
amounts of phosphorous, magnesium, zinc and pepsin
discovered in spirulina. The cellular wall of Sizeable amounts
of phosphorous, magnesium, zinc and pepsin discovered in
spirulina. The cellular wall of spirulina includes
polysaccharide which has 86% digestibility and could be
easily absorbed in human body (Li., 1995). Many elements
are critical for the manufacturing of spirulina at huge scale of
which most critical are nutrient availability, temperature and
mild intensities. The filamentous cyanobacteria such as
spirulina are observed to be most well suited microorganisms
for the utilization of waste and waste water as they're capable
of produce big quantity of biomass and their harvesting is
likewise fantastically clean due to their shape. Also these
wastes reduce the fee of nutrient medium and act as a source
of cheap nutrient medium for cultivation of spirulina.
Business genesis of spirulina can be made price effective by
reducing the enter value with penny and effectively to be had
materials without sacrificing the manufacturing efficiency.
After taking 10g spirulina drugs per day for 4 weeks, woman
athletes showed increase in their homo chrome level, whereas
the male athletes did not show any obvious increase however
lung capacity of youth weight lifting and jujutsu athletes
become progressed. The spirulina pill had no effect on blood
pressure (Gerald et al., 1983). Spirulina could serve as an
auxiliary cure for many diseases which have shown by
clinical traits. Spirulina pill has improved the coalitions in
lowering blood lipid stage and in reducing white blood
corpuscles after radiotherapy and chemotherapy in addition
to reducing immunological feature (Ruan et al., 1990).
Spirulina (S. platensis) is a “super-food” among the most
plants and even good quality animal food Ronald et al.,
(1990). It has a rich, vibrant history and occupies an
intriguing biological and ecological niche in the plant
kingdom. Spirulina is a spiral-shaped, blue-green microalgae
that grows naturally in the wild in alkaline lakes, sea water
and saltwater. Its deep blue-green colour what gives the water
its greenish hues. For centuries, civilizations the world over
cultivated and cherished spirulina for its health-improving
benefits (Habib, 1998). It has been used last ten years as a

Hossain et al., 2021
J. Agric. Food Environ. 2(1): 62-69, 2021 63
model organism in many studies on outdoor cultivation of
algal biomass as a source of proteins and chemicals
(Richmond, 1988). Spirulina species not only contribute in
human health but also plays considerable role as animal feed.
It increases the yellowness and redness in broiler flesh when
spirulina fed with diet (Habib et al., 2008). With the
expansion of aquaculture in Bangladesh, there has been an
increasing trend in using chemicals in aquatic animal health
management (Uddin et al., 2020). Spirulina is very much
helpful for fish health. We can use spirulina rather than using
chemical in aquaculture. Spirulina has been consumed from a
very long term in lots of parts of the sector as a food
supplement for human as well as animals in diverse
paperwork like wholesome drink, drugs and powder so on.
Because of its alimentary value. The primary generation
biofuels basically produced from vegetation compete with
different meals crops for arable land and are these days
inclined as secure and reliable renewable energy sources. The
second generation biofuels made out of non-meals feed
stocks, specially being microalgae; had been paid increasing
interest to compare with the first era biofuels. There are a few
blessings for microalgae together with high productiveness,
much less land use, low requirement of water excellent,
environmental use (for wastewater treatment and carbon
dioxide (CO2) bio-mitigation), Wijffels et al. (2010).
Microalgae play a vital role in oxygen in addition to carbon
dioxide stability within the water. It acts not most effective
on agro-chemical but additionally animal wastes as nicely
through changing them into meals substances. As why
spirulina offers: approximately 60 percent complete
digestible protein, round 6-10 percent lipids, micro-vitamins,
macro-vitamins and lots of other hint factors. It contains
every essential amino acid, contains more carotenoids than
any other whole food and this is an excellent source of
vitamins A, K, B1, B2, B12 and iron, manganese, chromium
etc. (Becker 2007). Can be a higher source of gamma linoleic
acid (GLA) - an vital fatty acid, that is essential for human
fitness. It plays a treasured position in mind functions in
addition to normal growth and improvement. In food
industries it performs various capabilities as a thickener,
binder, disrupting agent, stabilizer, texture modifier, gelling
and a bulking agent, useful in the upkeep of canned and
frozen meals, in the system of syrups, essences 1423 and
drinks, in confectionery and bakery, snacks, backery and
mushroom lets in (Burrell et al., 2003). Therefore, to
accelerate the improvement of aquaculture industry, it's far
critical to way of life spirulina.
The closing purpose of this experiment turned into to expand
low fee media for huge scale manufacturing of spirulina.
Those rotten potatoes or spoiled potato are thrown as waste
material out of doors which decomposes and creates
environmental risks. However it carries excessive damaged
natural and inorganic vitamins, and high biological oxygen
call for (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), total
dissolved solids, general suspended solids, nitrate, phosphate
and additionally inorganic vitamins (Habib, 1998). Those
organic and inorganic nutrients rich in carbon can help to
develop S. platensis in supernatant after cardio or anaerobic
digestion of potatoes. Potato has the suitability and efficacy
as prebiotic compound on the growth performance and
survival rate of fish (Islam et al., 2020). Therefore, the
prevailing work was undertaken to take a look at the smart
production of spirulina by means of supernatant of digested
rotten potato (Solenum tuberosum) to measure the growth
performances of S. platensis in 3 exclusive concentration of
supernatant of digested rotten potato.
Materials and Methods
Study area
The study was performed inside the Laboratory of Fish
Nutrition, Department of Aquaculture, Water Quality
Laboratory within the department of Fisheries Management
and Genetics Laboratory in the department of Fisheries
Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh
Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202.
Culture of microalgae, Spirulina
Collection of rotten potato
The rotten potato become selected as medium for S. platensis
culture because of presence of excessive natural in addition
to inorganic vitamins specifically carbohydrate. The rotten
potato becomes accrued from Seshmore market, BAU,
Mymensigh. It became reduce into portions and used to
digest in cardio circumstance, some element become dried,
floor, packed in polythene bag and kept in the laboratory for
future use.
Collection of spirulina (S. platensis)
Microalgae Spirulina platensis was collected from the stock
of the laboratory of Live Food Culture department of
Aquaculture, BAU, Mymensingh. For obtaining pure culture
of spirulina maintained hygiene stock Torzillo et al., (1986).
Maintenance of pure stock culture of spirulina
Pure stock culture of S. platensis was maintained in the
laboratory in Kosaric Medium (KM) (Modified after Zarrouk,
1996). Growth of S. platensis was monitored at every
alternative day and was checked under microscope to confirm
its purity following keys of Bold and Wynne (1978),
Vymazal (1995) and Phang and Chu (1999).
Preparation of supernatant of DRP and Kosaric Medium
(KM)
400 g/4.0 L wet rotten potato was allowed to decompose in
5.0 L glass bottle for 26 days under aerobic condition (Plate
1) in the laboratory of Animal Nutrition, BAU, Mymensingh.
Then a Light reddish white coloured supernatant from bottle
was screened through a net of 30 µm, mixed with 9.0 g/L
sodium bicarbonate and 0.20 ml/L micronutrient, then diluted
and made three concentrations at the rate of 20, 40 and 60%
of decomposed rotten potato (Table 1). Then the supernatant
of three different concentrations were taken in 2.0 L flask
with three replications. Simultaneously, Kosaric medium
(KM) was prepared for S. platensis culture as a control
(Table 2). Then the medium in flasks have been blended
properly and sterilized at 120°C for 15 minutes for 15
minutes with wet warmth with the aid of autoclave. After
autoclaving, the media were saved for 24 hours to make
certain approximately any infection loose earlier than
lifestyle of microalgae.

Hossain et al., 2021
J. Agric. Food Environ. 2(1): 62-69, 2021 64
Table 1. Experimental design for Spirulina platensis
culture using supernatant of three different
concentrations of digested rotten potato (DRP)
Types of
medium
Treatments
Replications
Amounts of
rotten potato
(%)
Duration
of
culture
(days)
Supernatant
of DRP
T1
3 (101,102
and 103)
20
14
T2
3 (201, 202,
203)
40
T3
3 (301, 302,
303)
60
Kosaric
medium
T4
3(KM-1,
KM-2 and
KM-3)
-
For the preparation of Kosaric medium, the above-cited
quantity (Table 2) of substances from no. 1 to 8 turned into
weighed and took in a 1.0 L conical flask. Then 0.5 ml
micronutrient answer became pipetted within the flask and
distilled water changed into added to make the extent 1.0 L.
blending, autoclaving and cooling were carried out pursuing
the manner used all through the coaching of digested rotten
potato media.
Culture of spirulina (S. platensis) in supernatant of DRP
and KM
Four treatments, three from supernatant of digested rotten
potato for three different concentrations (20, 40 and 60%)
and one Kosaric medium (KM) as control each with three
replications were used to grow microalgae, S. platensis in 1.0
L volumetric flask. Spirulina was inoculated into each culture
flask to produce a culture containing 10% spirulina
suspension (Optical density at 620 nm = 0.20) (Habib, 1998).
Twenty ml of spirulina suspension needed for getting the
required density. All the flasks were kept under fluorescent
lights in light: dark (12h:12h) conditions in Live Food
Culture laboratory.
These culture flasks were constantly aerated the usage of
electric powered aerator. Four sub-sampling have been
executed at each alternative day from every flask to
document dry cellular weight and chlorophyll a content of
spirulina, and houses of subculture media. All the glassware
used inside the experiment becomes sterilized with dry heat
at 70oC overnight.
Estimation of cell weight (dry weight) of spirulina
(Clesceri et al., 1989)
Sample containing 20 ml spirulina suspension was filtered
through a Sartorius filter paper of mesh size 0.45 µm and
diameter 47 mm. The filter papers were dried in an oven for
24 hours or overnight at 70°C and weighed prior to filtration.
The filtered samples were washed three times to remove
insoluble salts.
Table 2. Composition of Kosaric medium (Modified after
Zarrouk, 1996) for Spirulina platensis culture
SL. No.
Chemicals/ compounds
Concentration in
stock solution g/L
1.
NaHCO3
9.0
2.
K2HPO4
0.250
3.
NaNO3
1.250
4.
K2SO4
0.50
5.
NaCl
0.50
6.
MgSO4.7H2O
0.10
7.
CaCl2
0.02
8.
FeSO4.2H2O
0.005
9.
A5 micronutrient solutiona
0.5ml/L
a) A5 micronutrient solution
G/L
i) H3BO4
2.86
ii) MnCl2.4H2O
1.81
iii) ZnSO4.7H2O
0.22
iv) CuSO4.5H2O
0.08
v) MoO3
0.01
vi) CoCl2.6H2O
0.01
After that the filter papers had been installed a glass petridish
and stored within the oven at 70°C over night time. For
cooling, petridish have been positioned into desiccator for 20
minutes and then clear out paper became weighed. The dry
weight of algae on the clear out paper turned into measured
using the subsequent equation:
Dry weight (mg/L),
100
(ml)filtrationfortakensampleofAmount
IFWFFW
W


Where,
W = Cell dry weight in mg/L;
FFW = Final filter paper weight in g; and
IFW = Initial filter paper weight in g.
Estimation of chlorophyll a of spirulina (Clesceri et al.,
1989)
The samples of S. platensis were collected in different times
and chlorophyll a content of S. platensis was estimated. Ten
ml of S. platensis sample was filtered with an electric
filtration unit using filter papers (Sartorius filter paper of 0.45
µm mesh size and 47 mm). These filtered samples together
with filter paper were taken into check tube and floor with
glass rod and ultimately blended with 10 ml of 100%
redistilled acetone. Every of the take a look at tubes turned
into wrapped with aluminum foil paper to inhibit the touch of
mild. The wrapped test tubes were kept right into a
refrigerator overnight. Then the refrigerated sample was
homogenized for 2 minutes followed by centrifugation at
4000 rpm for 10 minutes. After centrifugation the supernatant
was isolated and taken for chlorophyll a determination.
Optical densities of the samples were determined at 664 nm,
647 nm and 630 nm by using UV spectrophotometer
(Clesceri et al., 1989). A blank with 100% acetone was run
simultaneously. Chlorophyll a content was calculated by the
following formula:
Chlorophyll a (mg/L) = 11.85 (OD 664) – 1.54 (OD 647) –
0.08 (OD 630)
Total biomass of spirulina (S. platensis)
Total biomass was calculated using the following formula
given by Vonshak and Richmond (1988):
Total biomass = Chlorophyll a x 67

Hossain et al., 2021
J. Agric. Food Environ. 2(1): 62-69, 2021 65
Specific growth rate (SGR) on the basis of dry weight,
chlorophyll a content and total biomass of spirulina
(Clesceri et al., 1989)
Specific growth rate (µ/day) of cultured spirulina on the
basis of dry weight
SGR (µ/day) = In (X1-X2)/t1-t2
Where,
X1 = Dry weight of biomass concentration of the end of
selected time interval;
X2 = Dry weight biomass concentration at beginning of
selected time interval; and
t1-t2 =Elapsed time between selected time in the day.
Specific growth rate (µ/day) of cultured spirulina on the
basis of chlorophyll a
SGR (µ/day) = In (X1-X2)/t1-t2
Where,
X1 = Chlorophyll a at the end of selected time interval;
X2 = Chlorophyll a at the beginning of selected time interval;
and
t1-t2 = Elapsed time between selected time in the day.
Specific growth rate (µ/day) of cultured spirulina on the
basis of total biomass
SGR (µ/day) = In (X1-X2)/t1-t2
Where,
X1 = Total biomass at the end of selected time interval;
X2 = Total biomass at the beginning of selected time interval;
and
t1-t2 = Elapsed time between selected time in the day.
Statistical analysis
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of imply cell weight and
chlorophyll a of S. platensis cultured in exclusive media had
been carried out. To locate where there’s any great distinction
among treatment means turned into performed by means of
Duncan’s multiple range take a look at (DMRT) the usage of
statistical bundle following Zar (1984).
(a) (b)
Plate 1. (a) Suppling aeration for potato digestion in
SEBO248A aquarium pump with continuous electricity,
(b) Potato juice after filtration.
Plate 2. Preparing solutions with potato juice, urea,
micro-nutrient and sodium bicarbonate.
Results
Growth parameters of spirulina (S. platensis)
Optical density of media contained spirulina
Optical density (OD) of media contained spirulina was
discovered to elevated as much as 10th day of culture of all of
the media of digested rotten potato media (DRPM) and
Kosaric medium and then reduced up to 14th day of
experiment (Figure 1). However, OD of 20% DRPM
contained spirulina was 0.947 ± 0.12 g/L (Figure 1), where
highest OD of 40% DRPM contained spirulina was found
0.565±0.103 (Figure 1). The OD of supernatant of 60%
DRPM contained spirulina was 0.387 ± 0.062 g/L (Figure 1).
The highest optical density of Kosaric medium contained
spirulina was 2.61 ± 0.22 g/L (Figure 1).
Figure 1. Mean values of optical density of media
contained Spirulina platensis in supernatant of three
different digested rotten potato, and Kosaric medium.
Vertical bars represent standard errors.
Cell weight of spirulina
Cell weight (mg/L) of spirulina cultured in all the media was
found higher on 12th day of culture than other days (Figure
2). Cell weight of spirulina increased from initial day (first
day) up to 10th day (0.002 ± 0 mg/L) of culture of 20%
digested rotten potato media (DRPM) and then decreased up
to 12th day (6.256 ± 2.34 mg/L) of experiment (Figure 2).
However, the highest cell weight of spirulina was found to be
8.352 ± 0.21 mg/L when grown in 40% DRPM (Figure 2).
Cell weight of spirulina increased from initial day (first day)
up to 12th day (9.505 ± 0.43 mg/L) of culture of 60% DRPM
and then decreased up to 14th day 5.554 ± 0.45 mg/L of
experiment (Figure 2). Highest cell weight of Kosaric
medium contained spirulina was 12.42 ± 0.21 mg/L on 12th
day and then decreased up to 14th day of experiment (Figure
2).
Figure 2. Mean values of cell weight (mg/L) of Spirulina
platensis grown in supernatant of three different digested
rotten potato, and Kosaric medium. Vertical bars
represent standard errors.
Chlorophyll a of spirulina
Chlorophyll a of spirulina was found also higher on 12th day
of culture than other days of culture of all the media (Figure
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Optical density
Day
20% DRP
40% DRP
60% DRP
0
5
10
15
2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Cell weight (mg/L)
Day
20% DRP
40% DRP
60% DRP

Hossain et al., 2021
J. Agric. Food Environ. 2(1): 62-69, 2021 66
3). Chlorophyll a of spirulina increased from first day up to
4th day (5.14 ± 0.063 mg/L) of culture of 20% digested rotten
potato media (DRPM) and then decreased up to 14th day
(0.14 ± 0 mg/L) of experiment (Figure 3). However,
chlorophyll a of spirulina cultured in 40% DRPM was 6.072
± 0.004 mg/L on 6th day (Figure 3) and then decreased up to
10th day of culture. Chlorophyll a of spirulina grown in 60%
DRPM was 1.605 ± 0.053 mg/L on 4th day and then
decreased to 2nd day of experiment (Figure 3), where the
highest chlorophyll a of spirulina cultured in Kosaric medium
was 10.53 ± 0.15 mg/L on 10th day and decreased up to 14th
day (last day) of experiment (Figure 3).
Figure 3. Mean values of chlorophyll a (mg/L) of
Spirulina platensis grown in supernatant of three different
digested rotten potato, and Kosaric medium. Vertical
bars represent standard errors.
Total biomass of spirulina
Total biomass (mg/L) of spirulina (S. platensis) grown in all
the media was found to be higher on 10th day of culture than
other days of experiment (Figure 4). Total biomass of
spirulina was increased from initial day (first day) up to 12th
day (344.38 ± 6.02 mg/L) in the culture of 20% digested
rotten potato media (DRPM) and then decreased up to 14th
day (9.38 ± 0.1 mg/L) of experiment (Figure 4). However,
the highest total biomass of spirulina grown in the culture of
40% DRPM was recorded 406.82 ± 0.40 mg/L on 6th day of
culture and then decreased up to 10th day (0 ± 0.00 mg/L)
during the experiment (Figure 4). Again, total biomass of
spirulina cultured in the culture of 60% DRPM was increased
from first day up to 4th day (107.53± 3.56 mg/L) and then
decreased up to 12th day (22.91 ± 3.30 mg/L) of experiment
(Figure 4). The highest total biomass of spirulina cultured in
Kosaric medium was found to be 705.51 ± 9.45 mg/L on 14th
day and then increased up to 12th day (440.19 ± 4.42 mg/L)
during experiment (Figure 4).
Figure 4. Mean values of total biomass (mg/L) of
Spirulina platensis grown in supernatant of three different
digested rotten potato, and Kosaric medium. Vertical
bars represent standard errors.
Comparison of growth parameters of spirulina (Spirulina
platensis) of 10th day of culture
Optical density of media contained spirulina
Optical density of supernatant of 40% digested rotten potato
(DRPM) and Kosaric medium contained spirulina (S.
platensis) was significantly (p < 0.01) higher than that of two
other media (20% DRPM) and (60% DRPM) (Table 3).
There was no significant (p > 0.05) difference among optical
density of 20% DRPM and Kosaric medium, and among 40%
and 60% DRPM during the study.
Cell weight of spirulina
Highest cell weight (mg/L) of spirulina grown in Kosaric
medium was recorded (Table 3). Cell weight of spirulina
grown in Kosaric medium and supernatant of 40% DRPM
was varied significantly (p < 0.01) from that cultured in
supernatant of 20% and 60% DRPM (Table 3). However,
there was no significant (p > 0.01) difference of cell weight
of spirulina grown in 20% and 60% DRPM.
Chlorophyll a of spirulina
Chlorophyll a (mg/L) of spirulina grown in Kosaric medium
and supernatant of 40% digested rotten potato (DRPM) was
significantly (p < 0.01) higher than that of spirulina cultured
in 20% and 60% DRPM (Table 3). There was no significant
difference among the Chlorophyll a of spirulina grown in
Kosaric medium and supernatant of 40% DRPM, and among
the same of spirulina cultured in supernatant of 20% and 60%
DRPM.
Total biomass of spirulina (S. platensis)
Total biomass (mg/L) of spirulina cultured in Kosaric
medium and supernatant of 40% DRPM was significantly (p
< 0.01) higher than that of spirulina grown in supernatant of
20% and 60% DRPM (Table 3). There was no significant
difference found among the total biomass of spirulina
cultured in supernatant of 20% and 60% DRPM. The culture
of spirulina in supernatant of digested rotten potato in 2.0 L
flasks is presented in Plate 1(b), and culture in 4.0 L flasks on
10th day of experiment.
Table 3. Comparison of cell weight, chlorophyll a and
total biomass of Spirulina platensis grown in supernatant
of different digested rotten potato (DRP), and Kosaric
medium on 10th day of culture before stationary phase
Parameters
T1 (20%
DRP)
T2 (40%
DRP)
T3 (60%
DRP)
T4 (KM)
Optical
density
1.40±0.12b
2.35±0.15a
1.50±0.13b
2.65±0.22a
Cell weight
(mg/L)
7.9±0.20b
11.50±0.55a
9.50±0.45b
12.50±0.21a
Chlorophyll
a (mg/L)
7.35±0.12b
10.50±0.35a
7.50±0.20b
10.60±0.16a
Total
biomass
(mg/L)*
460.05±8.15c
675.05±9.32b
490.79±8.33c
700.50±9.50a
*Total biomass = Chlorophyll a x 67 (Vonshak and Richmond,
1988).Figures in common letters do not differ significantly at 5%
level of probability.
Correlation among the growth parameters of spirulina
Cell weight of spirulina (S. platensis) had highly significant
(p < 0.01) direct correlation with chlorophyll a (r = 0.993) of
spirulina grown in the supernatant of different digested rotten
media and Kosaric medium during the study (Figure 5).
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Chlorophyll a (mg/L)
Day
20% DRP
40% DRP
60% DRP
KM
0
200
400
600
800
2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Total biomass (mg/L)
Day
20% DRP
40% DRP
60% DRP
KM

Hossain et al., 2021
J. Agric. Food Environ. 2(1): 62-69, 2021 67
Similarly, total biomass of S. platensis was highly (p < 0.01)
and directly correlated with chlorophyll a (r = 0.989) of
spirulina cultured in the supernatant of various digested
rotten potato and Kosaric medium (Figure 6). Again, total
biomass of spirulina was found to be highly (p < 0.01) and
directly correlated with the cell weight (r = 0.925) of
spirulina grown in the supernatant of different digested rotten
potato and Kosaric medium (Figure 7).
Figure 5. Correlation coefficient (r) of cell weight (mg/L)
of Spirulina platensis with chlorophyll a (mg/L) of
spirulina grown in supernatant of three digested liquid
rice starch media and Kosaric medium.
Figure 6. Correlation coefficient (r) of total biomass
(mg/L) of Spirulina platensis with chlorophyll a (mg/L) of
Spirulina grown in supernatant of three digested liquid
rice starch media and Kosaric medium.
Figure 7. Correlation coefficient (r) of total biomass
(mg/L) of Spirulina platensis with cell weight (mg/L) of
spirulina grown in supernatant of three digested liquid
starch media and Kosaric medium.
Specific growth rates (SGRs) of spirulina (S. platensis)
SGR in respect to cell weight of sprulina
Specific growth rate (SGR) in respect to cell weight of
spirulina grown in Kosaric medium and supernatant of 40%
digested rotten potato media (DRPM) was significantly (p
<0.01) higher than that of spirulina cultured in the
supernatant of 20% and 60% DRPM (Table 4). There was no
significant (p > 0.01) difference among the SGR of cell
weight of spirulina grown in Kosaric medium and
supernatant of 40% DRPM, and among the same of spirulina
cultured in the supernatant of 20% and 60% DRPM.
SGR in respect to Chlorophyll a of spirulina (S. platensis)
The SGR in respect to Chlorophyll a of spirulina cultured in
Kosaric medium and supernatant of 40% digested rotten
potato media (DRPM) was significantly (p < 0.01) varied
from that of spirulina grown in the supernatant of 20% and
60% DRPM (Table 4). It had no significant difference when
spirulina grown in Kosaric medium and supernatant of 40%
DRPM, and similar thing happened when spirulina cultured
in the supernatant of 20% and 60% DRPM.
SGR in respect to total biomass of spirulina
The SGR in respect to total biomass of spirulina cultured in
Kosaric medium and supernatant of 40% digested rotten
potato media (DRPM) was significantly (P < 0.01) varied
from that of spirulina grown in the supernatant of 20% and
60% DRPM (Table 4). There was no significant (p < 0.01)
difference recorded among the SGRs on the basis of total
biomass of S. platensis grown in the supernatant of 40%
DRPM and Kosaric medium. Similarly, it had no significant
variation among the SGR on the basis of total biomass of
spirulina when cultured in the supernatant of 20% and 60%
DRPM.
Table 4. Specific growth rates (SGRs) on the basis of cell
weight, chlorophyll a and total biomass of Spirulina
platensis grown in supernatant of different digested rotten
potato media (DRPM), and Kosaric medium
Parameters
T1 (20%
DRPM)
T2 (40%
DRPM)
T3 (60%
DRPM)
T4 (KM)
SGR of cell
weight
0.26±0.021b
0.30±0.022a
0.27±0.014b
0.31±0.021a
SGR of
Chlorophyll
a
0.24±0.012b
0.28±0.014a
0.25±0.011b
0.29±0.014a
SGR of total
biomass
0.75±0.033b
0.80±0.026a
0.76±0.020b
0.81±0.023a
N.B. Figures in common letters in the same row do not differ
significantly at 5% level of probability.
Discussion
S. platensis was cultured in three different concentrations (20,
40 and 60%) of supernatant of digested rotten potato and KM
as control. The cell weight of S. platensis in supernatant of
digested rotten potato were found 0.002 to 6.2 mg/L in 20%
digested rotten potato media (DRPM), 0.0016 to 8.352 g/L in
40% DRPM, 0.0022 to 9.505 mg/L in 60% DRPM and
0.0023 to 12.42 mg/L in KM. The growth performance of S.
platensis in supernatant of 40% DRPM was found better than
20% and 60% DRPM. This transformation might be because
of the differences in nutrient concentrations and composition
of varied media. In controlled KM S. platensis confirmed the
very best boom overall performance. It may be befallen
because of suitability and availability of the vitamins for the
boom of the species. On the other hand 20% DRPM showed
lower growth performance of S. platensis in relation to 40%
and 60% DRPM. This might be due to higher dilution and
lower concentration of the nutrients in the media. The
concentration of 40% and 60% DRPM which are suitable and
favorable for the growth of S. platensis because of the
nutrient content. The comparative observe of growth

Hossain et al., 2021
J. Agric. Food Environ. 2(1): 62-69, 2021 68
performance S. platensis in one of a kind attention of the
media suggests better dilution followed lower awareness of
nutrients and lower growth overall performance. During
culture of S. platensis, the exponential phase was found up to
10th day from the beginning and then the cell weight
declined i.e. stationary phase started. During the culture
system the climate condition was more or less suitable and
less suitable and favorable for the growth of S. platensis.
Satter (2017) recorded the cell weight and chlorophyll a
content of S. platensis was significant (p <0.05) higher in 4.0
g/L digested poultry waste than other media where light
intensity, aeration and temperature played significant role to
the culture system. Similarly, Dey (2004) found that S.
platensis grown in mustard oil cake medium in the
concentration of 3.0, 4.0, 0.5 mg/L and KM. The maximum
growth was 451.0, 614.33, 403.4 and 719.0 mg/L,
respectively. These findings are more or less similar to the
present findings. These present findings are more or less
similar with the findings of Khan (2003) and Habib (1998).
In the present study, the initial cell weight was 0.0022 mg/L
which attained a maximum cell weight of 12.42 mg/L which
grown in KM and 6.256 mg/L in 20% DRPM, 8.352 mg/L in
40% DRPM, 9.505 mg/L in 60% DRPM on the 10th day of
the culture. The chlorophyll a content of inoculated S.
platensis was 0.0015 mg/L which attained a high content of
10.53 mg/L which cultured in KM and 6.072 mg/L in 40%
DRPM at the 12th day of culture. These findings are more or
less similar with the findings of Phang et al. (2000), Habib et
al. (2003), Satter (2017) and Habib et al. (2019). In the
present study, supernatant of digested rotten potato was used
as a media of three concentrations for the culture of S.
platensis. The supernatant of 60% digested rotten potato
showed maximum optical density on the 10th day of culture
comparing with KM which has the similarity with the
findings of Habib et al. (1997, 2003), Satter (2017).
Conclusion
This research was performed on culture and growth
performance of S. platensis in different concentration of
supernatant of digested rotten potato, and KM in which
growth is highest. S. platensis was cultured in supernatant of
various concentration viz., 20, 40 and 60% digested rotten
potato, and KM with three replications for each treatment
under fluorescent light in light: dark (12hr: 12hr) condition
for period of 14th days. Rotten potato may be used to grow
spirulina due to presence of organic carbon as carbohydrate
in potato. Spirulina grows well in supernatant of 60%
digested rotten potato which is equivalent to the growth of
spirulina in Kosaric medium. So, the supernatant of 60%
digested rotten potato should be used to grow spirulina.
Environment may be free from pollution due to use of rotten
potato. So, there is a huge chance of large scale rotten potato
may be used to commercial culture of spirulina and marketed
as live food for the good production and management of fish
health.
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