ArticlePublisher preview available

Seeking Radical Solidarity in Heritage Studies: Exploring the Intersection of Black Feminist Archaeologies and Geographies in Oak Bluffs, MA

Authors:
To read the full-text of this research, you can request a copy directly from the author.

Abstract and Figures

This article discusses the development of a community-based participatory research (CBPR) project in the historic resort town of Oak Bluffs, Massachusetts. It builds on critical theoretical agendas in community-based archaeologies by asking how Black feminist theory-informed CBPR could help archaeologists create meaningful, equitable, and theoretically grounded relationships with local communities. Through rigorous archaeological investigations, CBPR methodologies can empower communities to use the past to effect social change on their terms. By collaborating with communities to strengthen and expand existing heritage programs, archaeologists can share their skills, knowledges, and critical points of view while actively minimizing power imbalances and increasing accountability.
This content is subject to copyright. Terms and conditions apply.
Vol.:(0123456789)
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10761-021-00601-y
1 3
Seeking Radical Solidarity inHeritage Studies: Exploring
theIntersection ofBlack Feminist Archaeologies
andGeographies inOak Bluffs, MA
JereyJ.Burnett1
Accepted: 9 March 2021
© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
2021
Abstract
This article discusses the development of a community-based participatory research
(CBPR) project in the historic resort town of Oak Bluffs, Massachusetts. It builds
on critical theoretical agendas in community-based archaeologies by asking how
Black feminist theory-informed CBPR could help archaeologists create meaningful,
equitable, and theoretically grounded relationships with local communities. Through
rigorous archaeological investigations, CBPR methodologies can empower commu-
nities to use the past to effect social change on their terms. By collaborating with
communities to strengthen and expand existing heritage programs, archaeologists
can share their skills, knowledges, and critical points of view while actively mini-
mizing power imbalances and increasing accountability.
Keywords Community-based participatory research· Collaborative archaeology·
Black landownership· Community construction· Massachusetts
“No voting on who gets to be people.” N.K. Jemisin, The Obelisk Gate (2016)
Introduction
In this article I discuss the early-stage development of a community-based participa-
tory research (CBPR) project that explores the latenineteenth- and earlytwentieth-
century history of the resort town of Oak Bluffs, Massachusetts (Fig.1). This article
follows other recent publications that extend critical theoretical agendas into com-
munity-based archaeologies (Bloch 2020; Cipolla etal. 2019; Kiddey 2020). I aim
* Jeffrey J. Burnett
burne138@msu.edu
1 Department ofAnthropology, Michigan State University, E-30 McDonel Hall, 817 E Shaw
Lane, EastLansing, MI48825, USA
International Journal of Historical Archaeology (2022) 26:53–78
Published online: 5 April 2021
/
Content courtesy of Springer Nature, terms of use apply. Rights reserved.
... Black geographies approach through their pluralities as highlighted by Bledsoe and Wright (2019), excel in critiques of the exclusionary logic of knowledge production (Noxolo 2022) in the understanding of places. Ultimately, Black geographies in relation to heritage and archaeology as previously highlighted by scholars (e.g., Burnett 2022;Dunnavant 2021;Scott 2016;Singleton and Landers 2021) open up possibilities for critical attention to places associated with transatlantic slavery and how people reconstruct and reproduce, make and remake places over time (Hawthorne 2019;McKittrick 2006). In postcolonial societies, individuals and communities reshape the physical, social, and cultural spaces in which their ancestors and predecessors lived in colonial situations. ...
Article
Full-text available
This article combines ethnographic and anthropological research with archaeology to explore the significance of archaeological sites as historical elements and their continuous reinterpretation in Haiti. By examining the connection of people with traces of colonial plantations, caves, and Indigenous rock art, this study contextualizes archaeology and heritage within the current social context. The research reveals archaeological sites are characterized by contemporary traces of uses by individuals today. These traces are associated with stories tied to renegotiations of meaning to places, and their contestation, construction of belonging, and memories are among the elements that make sense of heritage-making. The study emphasizes the importance of place meaning and heritage, offering valuable perspectives for future archaeological investigations and contributing to broader discourses on material history in the Caribbean.
Chapter
This chapter addresses the concept of “intersectionality” and its uses in archaeological analysis and practice. Intersectionality is broadly understood to encompass approaches that consider the complexity of human experience, particularly oppression and privilege, along multiple axes of identity simultaneously. Consistent with its development from Black feminism, much intersectional archaeological research has focused on race and gender in recent times; however, an increasing number of explicitly intersectional approaches are also addressing class, status, sexuality, age, dis/ability, and other aspects of identity. Intersectional investigation of the discipline is also growing, investigating the demographics of archaeology and knowledge production, and supporting social justice activism in academia.
Article
Full-text available
In this contribution to our periodic ‘Archaeological Futures’ series, Lindsay M. Montgomery and Tiffany C. Fryer reflect on the reshaping of archaeological praxis in the Americas through recent developments in collaborative community-engaged research. Over the past 20 years, new theoretical and methodological approaches informed by decolonisation and Black feminism have shifted power dynamics within the discipline. The authors review this growing body of research, highlighting trends in collaborative archaeological research and discussing some of the ongoing challenges and tensions. They argue that this collaborative paradigm marks a new future for archaeology in the Americas, which will increasingly centre on topics of importance to Black and Indigenous scholars and descendant communities.
Article
Full-text available
Inspired by the 2021 BMJ Global Health Editorial by Atkins et al on global health (GH) teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic, a group of GH students and recent graduates from around the world convened to discuss our experiences in GH education during multiple global crises. Through weekly meetings over the course of several months, we reflected on the impact the COVID-19 pandemic and broader systemic inequities and injustices in GH education and practice have had on us over the past 2 years. Despite our geographical and disciplinary diversity, our collective experience suggests that while the pandemic provided an opportunity for changing GH education, that opportunity was not seized by most of our institutions. In light of the mounting health crises that loom over our generation, emerging GH professionals have a unique role in critiquing, deconstructing and reconstructing GH education to better address the needs of our time. By using our experiences learning GH during the pandemic as an entry point, and by using this collective as an incubator for dialogue and re-imagination, we offer our insights outlining successes and barriers we have faced with GH and its education and training. Furthermore, we identify autonomous collectives as a potential viable alternative to encourage pluriversality of knowledge and action systems and to move beyond Western universalism that frames most of traditional academia.
Article
A focus on institutions frames this examination of the archaeology of African America. While initially emphasizing the institution of slavery and theories of Black difference, the field today has a much wider scope. Researchers engaged in this work critically examine past and present-day institutions. As such, this review also considers the place of African American archaeology in engaged scholarship, critical theory, and self-reflexive practice. As in past reviews, the emphasis is on the United States, with occasional references to important work in the rest of the African diaspora. African American archaeology is shown to be inextricably interwoven with scholarly work in North American archaeology, African American studies, heritage studies, and social theory. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Anthropology Volume 51 is October 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
Article
Full-text available
This article introduces the special issue, “Community Archaeology of the African Diaspora.” This collection of papers grew out of a session at the 2020 Society for Historical Archaeology conference in Boston, Massachusetts, with additional authors invited to add further geographical and methodological diversity. The papers in this issue address a single question—how are archaeologists currently involved with community archaeology projects related to the African Diaspora?—and reflects the wide array of approaches currently being implemented across the discipline.
Article
Full-text available
Building a new anti-racist archaeology will require an unprecedented level of structural changes in the practices, demographics, and power relations of archaeology. This article considers why this iteration of the Black Lives Matter (BLM) Movement is proving to be unique in terms of its potential to transform the field. We discuss how anti-racist archaeologists arrived at this juncture prepared to meet the challenges now before us, and how members of the Society of Black Archaeologists are collaborating with others to enact change. We acknowledge the significant social justice efforts of others and suggest how archaeologists can get involved to keep this critical momentum going.
Article
Full-text available
We participated in the research of a post-emancipation African American site in Texas that involved a community outreach programme with local descendants. We worked with the descendant community in producing knowledge and defining project outcomes, both of which benefitted the research and raised the public visibility of black Texas history and archaeology. Based on our experiences, we discuss how cultural resource management (CRM) firms can play an important role in diversifying the profession, and in engendering a long-term commitment to public archaeology among their employees. There were challenges we encountered working within the context of CRM, including funding allocations and enlisting local descendants in the site excavation, yet we hope that this case study helps to promote community archaeology in future CRM projects.
Book
In its original edition, Bruce Trigger's book was the first ever to examine the history of archaeological thought from medieval times to the present in world-wide perspective. Now, in this new edition, he both updates the original work and introduces new archaeological perspectives and concerns. At once stimulating and even-handed, it places the development of archaeological thought and theory throughout within a broad social and intellectual framework. The successive but interacting trends apparent in archaeological thought are defined and the author seeks to determine the extent to which these trends were a reflection of the personal and collective interests of archaeologists as these relate - in the West at least - to the fluctuating fortunes of the middle classes. While subjective influences have been powerful, Professor Trigger argues that the gradual accumulation of archaeological data has exercised a growing constraint on interpretation. In turn, this has increased the objectivity of archaeological research and enhanced its value for understanding the entire span of human history and the human condition in general.
Article
This article theorizes the uneven entanglements between settler processes of ruination, a dynamic structured by regimes of history/prehistory, life/death, and life/nonlife, and “mound power,” or the force relations exercised by Indigenous landscapes as animate beings in their own right. I draw on research with members of a community in the U.S. South who claim Muskogee ancestry, visiting ancestral mound or earthwork and shellwork sites built over the past six thousand years. Wounded by ongoing colonial violence, these landscapes call out to descendants, drawing them into ancestral movements and relations of care. In these moments, ancestral sites refuse to be fixed within terminal chronological periods removed from a settled present, enrolling descendants into Indigenous space-times that dramatically exceed colonial timescales and temporalities. Drawing on this deep historical perspective, this article articulates a modest hope for the ways Indigenous landscapes, as agentive beings, animate decolonial possibilities for life in the ruins of colonial empires.
Book
The third edition of this classic introduction to archaeological theory and method has been fully updated to address the burgeoning of theoretical debate throughout the discipline. Ian Hodder and Scott Hutson argue that archaeologists must bring to bear a variety of perspectives in the complex and uncertain task of constructing meaning from the past. While remaining centred on the importance of hermeneutics, agency and history, the authors explore cutting-edge developments in areas such as post-structuralism, neo-evolutionary theory and whole new branches of theory such as phenomenology. With the addition of two completely new chapters, the third edition of Reading the Past presents an authoritative, state-of-the-art analysis of contemporary archaeological theory. Also including new material on feminist archaeology, historical approaches such as cultural history, and theories of discourse and signs, this book represents essential reading for any student or scholar with an interest in the past.
Article
A growing body of work illustrates that community-based archaeology can contribute in valuable and meaningful ways to communities, including helping individuals and groups to heal from historical trauma. Yet the current political climate makes it challenging, even dangerous at times, to engage in such work. In what is being called the ‘post-truth’ era, there is concern that science is under attack, and I argue that the threat is heightened for Indigenous science. For Indigenous communities and archaeologists, efforts to work in partnership to bring Indigenous perspectives into public view can make one a target for bullying, aggression, and hostility. This can be damaging and have serious negative repercussions including producing further trauma for communities and individuals. Drawing on Indigenous epistemologies, I propose a model of ‘braiding knowledge’ to create space for multiple ways of knowing that complement each other, arguing that such symbiosis is necessary for our contemporary forms of knowledge production, particularly in the current political climate. I provide the example of Archibald’s approach to ‘Indigenous storywork’ as one method for archaeologists to explore, presenting examples drawn from research and teaching contexts to demonstrate the potential of arts-based research methods, such as graphic narratives, augmented reality, and animation. I propose these methods of storywork as worthy of further exploration by archaeologists in the current divisive political climate and as we face a world in crisis as one way of increasing science literacy. I argue that they have the capacity to ‘mobilize knowledge’, allowing archaeologists to reach diverse groups, creating space for knowledge exchange and connecting across differences.
Article
In this paper, my aim is to remake a powerful case for an open archaeology that is always collaborative, participatory, and public – but also feminist and activist. Drawing on more than 10 years’ experience as a community archaeologist I discuss some of the reasons why researchers who employ collaborative approaches to the past may be reluctant to publicly acknowledge the frictions which inevitably arise through their work. By unpacking some of the key concepts employed in these approaches, like ‘community’, ‘public’ and ‘collaboration’, I consider how we might define the limits of inclusivity and openness in the name of democracy. Furthermore, I identify some of the strategies and approaches to community archaeology, which I suggest are more likely to lead to beneficial or positive outcomes, proposing that an explicitly feminist lens will achieve the return to politics and provocation for which some scholars have recently called.