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Cancer statistics for the year 2020: An overview

April 2021
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Our study briefly reviews the data sources and methods used in compiling the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) GLOBOCAN cancer statistics for the year 2020 and summarises the main results. National estimates were calculated based on the best available data on cancer incidence from population‐based cancer registries (PBCR) and mortality from the World Health Organization mortality database. Cancer incidence and mortality rates for 2020 by sex and age groups were estimated for 38 cancer sites and 185 countries or territories worldwide. There were an estimated 19.3 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 19.0‐19.6 million) new cases of cancer (18.1 million excluding non‐melanoma skin cancer) and almost 10.0 million (95% UI: 9.7‐10.2 million) deaths from cancer (9.9 million excluding non‐melanoma skin cancer) worldwide in 2020. The most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide were female breast cancer (2.26 million cases), lung (2.21) and prostate cancers (1.41); the most common causes of cancer death were lung (1.79 million deaths), liver (830000) and stomach cancers (769000).

Distribution of the estimated new cases and deaths for the 10 most common cancers in 2020 in males (A) and females (B). For each sex, the area of the pie chart reflects the proportion of the total number of cases or deaths. NHL, non‐Hodgkin lymphoma [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]

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Estimated global numbers of new cases and deaths with proportions by world regions in 2020 in males (A), females (B) and both sexes (C) [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]

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CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY

Cancer statistics for the year 2020: An overview

Jacques Ferlay

| Murielle Colombet

| Isabelle Soerjomataram

Donald M. Parkin

2,3

| Marion Piñeros

| Ariana Znaor

| Freddie Bray

Cancer Surveillance Branch, International

Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon Cedex,

France

School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences,

King's College London, London, UK

CTSU, Nuffield Department of Population

Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

Correspondence

Jacques Ferlay, Cancer Surveillance Branch,

International Agency for Research on Cancer,

150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex

08, France.

Email: ferlayj@iarc.fr

Abstract

Our study briefly reviews the data sources and methods used in compiling the

International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) GLOBOCAN cancer statistics

for the year 2020 and summarises the main results. National estimates were cal-

culated based on the best available data on cancer incidence from population-

based cancer registries (PBCR) and mortality from the World Health Organization

mortality database. Cancer incidence and mortality rates for 2020 by sex and age

groups were estimated for 38 cancer sites and 185 countries or territories world-

wide. There were an estimated 19.3 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI]:

19.0-19.6 million) new cases of cancer (18.1 million excluding non-melanoma skin

cancer) and almost 10.0 million (95% UI: 9.7-10.2 million) deaths from cancer (9.9

million excluding non-melanoma skin cancer) worldwide in 2020. The most com-

monly diagnosed cancers worldwide were female breast cancer (2.26 million

cases), lung (2.21) and prostate cancers (1.41); the most common causes of can-

cer death were lung (1.79 million deaths), liver (830000) and stomach cancers

(769000).

KEYWORDS

cancer, global estimates, GLOBOCAN, incidence, mortality

1|INTRODUCTION

One of the remits of the Cancer Surveillance Branch (CSU) at the

International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) is the regular

provision of global estimates of the cancer burden. GLOBOCAN

2020 updates the previously published estimates of cancer

incidence and mortality for the year 2018.

As previously, the

basic units for estimation are countries, together with aggregated

results globally and in 20 world regions, as defined by the United

Nations (UN).

The estimates were developed for 38 cancer sites

including other, and unspecified cancers, by sex and for 18 age

groups.

The methods of estimation together with the computation of

uncertainty intervals continue to rely upon the best available data on

cancer incidence and mortality nationally. Interactive facilities for the

tabulation and graphical visualisation of the GLOBOCAN data set of

185 countries and world regions by sex can be accessed via the Global

Cancer Observatory (GCO) (https://gco.iarc.fr). A detailed description

of the geographic variability observed across 20 world regions is pro-

vided elsewhere.

Our study aims to summarise the data sources and

methods used in compiling the cancer incidence and mortality esti-

mates for 2020 worldwide and presents a summary of the major

findings.

Abbreviations: ASR, age-standardised rate; CI5, Cancer Incidence in Five Continents; CSU,

Cancer Surveillance Branch; GCO, Global Cancer Observatory; GICR, Global Initiative for

Cancer Registry Development; HDI, Human Development Index; IARC, International Agency

for Research on Cancer; LMIC, low- and middle-income countries; NMSC, non-melanoma

skin cancer; PBCR, population-based cancer registry; UI, uncertainty interval; UN, United

Nations; WHO, World Health Organization.

As part of the latest International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) GLOBOCAN cancer

statistics update, here the authors provide a comprehensive description of the data sources

and methods used to compute the global incidence and mortality estimates for 38 cancers

corresponding to the year 2020. The reported uncertainty intervals incorporate the major

sources of error that may contribute to the uncertainty of these estimations. In addition to

providing a global snapshot of the cancer burden in 2020, the estimates presented here can

support the planning and prioritization of cancer control efforts at the global and national

levels.

Received: 16 February 2021 Revised: 24 March 2021 Accepted: 25 March 2021

DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33588

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Estimates of the worldwide incidence and mortality from 36 cancers and for all cancers combined for the year 2018 are now available in the GLOBOCAN 2018 database, compiled and disseminated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). This paper reviews the sources and methods used in compiling the cancer statistics in 185 countries. The validity of the national estimates depends upon the representativeness of the source information, and to take into account possible sources of bias, uncertainty intervals are now provided for the estimated sex‐ and site‐specific all‐ages number of new cancer cases and cancer deaths. We briefly describe the key results globally and by world region. There were an estimated 18.1 million (95% UI: 17.5–18.7 million) new cases of cancer (17 million excluding non‐melanoma skin cancer) and 9.6 million (95% UI: 9.3–9.8 million) deaths from cancer (9.5 million excluding non‐melanoma skin cancer) worldwide in 2018.

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Cancer Incidence and Mortality Worldwide: sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012

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Estimates of the worldwide incidence and mortality from 27 major cancers and for all cancers combined for 2012 are now available in the GLOBOCAN series of the International Agency for Research on Cancer. We review the sources and methods used in compiling the national cancer incidence and mortality estimates, and briefly describe the key results by cancer site and in 20 large “areas” of the world. Overall, there were 14.1 million new cases and 8.2 million deaths in 2012. The most commonly diagnosed cancers were lung (1.82 million), breast (1.67 million), and colorectal (1.36 million); the most common causes of cancer death were lung cancer (1.6 million deaths), liver cancer (745,000 deaths), and stomach cancer (723,000 deaths). © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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