Article

NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF MASO31 RECIPE AND COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING ACCORDING TO THE WHO RECOMMENDATIONS IN KATANGA, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO

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Abstract

Inappropriate complementary feeding is among the main causes of malnutrition worldwide. However, optimal complementary feeding is an effective child survival strategy ranked among the top life-saving interventions for children under 5 years. WHO and UNICEF underline the use of available food locally produced for children less than 2 years as a significant strategy to ensure the optimal complementary feeding. Maize-Soy blend in 3/1 proportion (MASO31) is consumed as complementary food in Katanga. Nevertheless, its nutritional value isn’t known nor its adequacy as additional food. This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional value of MASO31 content according to the WHO recommendations on complementary feeding. Two samples of MASO31 formulas were taken of two different preparations, for biochemical analysis nutrients data (energy, protein, Fe, Ca, P, Zn) in the Research and Agro Alimentary Analysis Center (CRAA) of Lubumbashi. The biochemical methods used were specific to analyze each nutrient data in MASO31 such as conversion factors and KJELDHAL. Comparative analysis of «MASO31» content was done using the WHO Complementary Feeding Recommendations as gold standard. Energy and nutrients content of 100g of «MASO31» were higher than the WHO Recommendations for complementary feeding period in daily need. But, calcium and phosphorus content was lower than the recommendations and needed improvements. The number of times that was proposed by ACANUDE NGO for «MASO31» to be fed is similar to the WHO recommendations on meal frequency in complementary feeding. MASO31 may be recommended in complementary feeding in DRC but calcium and phosphorus content should be enriched. Key words: Adequate complementary food, Complementary feeding, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Local complementary food and Nutritional value.

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... Complementary Feeding Practices Associated with Malnutrition in Children Aged [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] Months in the Tshamilemba Health Zone, Haut-Katanga, DRC, 2021 years or beyond, in both development and humanitarian contexts [1]. During this first 1,000-day period, the child may be affected by acute malnutrition, which can lead to mortality (due to decreased immunity) or stunting if the child consumes insufficient amounts of poor-quality complementary foods for a long time, even if the child had received optimal breastfeeding [2][3][4]. ...
... In DRC, the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) and the MICS 2018 survey showed that the prevalence of chronic malnutrition was 43% and 42% respectively and that national indicators of complementary feeding practices were below the 80% coverage recommended by [12,17,18]. This is despite multiple trainings and interventions carried out by the National Nutrition Programme ...
... The prevalence of low birth weight is 34.6%. This prevalence disagrees with those of other authors 6.3% in Lualaba [18], 7.1% ...
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Chapter
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It is well known that the relationship between child nutrition and infection is bidirectional, i.e. frequent illness can impair nutritional status and poor nutrition can increase the risk of infection. What is less clear is whether infection reduces the effectiveness of nutrition interventions or, vice versa, whether malnutrition lessens the impact of infection control strategies. The objective of this paper is to review the evidence regarding this interaction between nutrition and infection with respect to child growth in low-income populations. Even when there are no obvious symptoms, physiological conditions associated with infections can impair growth by suppressing appetite, impairing absorption of nutrients, increasing nutrient losses and diverting nutrients away from growth. However, there is little direct evidence that nutrition interventions are less effective when infection is common; more research is needed on this question. On the other hand, evidence from four intervention trials suggests that the adverse effects of certain infections (e.g. diarrhoea) on growth can be reduced or eliminated by improving nutrition. Interventions that combine improved nutrition with prevention and control of infections are likely to be most effective for enhancing child growth and development.
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Promotion of dietary diversity using locally available nutritious foods is an effective approach in low-income areas to improve the quality of young children's diet and, hence, their growth and development. To identify the nutritional values of locally acceptable, feasible, affordable, and sustainable foods and develop a number of recipes that could be used to complement effectively nutrient intakes provided through breastfeeding to children 6 to 23 months of age in Bandiagara, Mali. Structured questionnaires were used to obtain lists of all locally available foods during village assembly meetings and identify the food basket of households and child feeding practices during interviews with mothers and fathers. The nutritional values of the foods were estimated, and the Malian food composition table was used to identify the combinations that would result in the most nutritious recipes. Breastfeeding was widely practiced, but the rate of exclusive breastfeeding during the first 6 months of life was extremely low (7%). The practice of early introduction of water and complementary foods was a problem. Forty recipes for improved dishes, including puddings, drinks and juices, purees, salads, and soups, were proposed. The nutritional values of the 10 most nutritious of these recipes, the types and quantities of the ingredients, and the method of preparation of each recipe are described. Locally produced indigenous foods in rural Mali were used to develop energy- and nutrient-dense complementary foods for children. Further research is needed to test the short- and long-term effects of consuming these dishes on the nutritional status of children 6 to 23 months of age in Mali.
Article
To assess the energy and nutrient adequacy of a variety of complementary foods used in parts of Africa, India, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines and Thailand. The energy, nutrient and anti-nutrient (dietary fibre and phytic acid) content (per 100 g as eaten, per 100 kcal, and per day) of twenty-three plant-based complementary foods consumed in developing countries was calculated from food composition values based on chemical analysis for the trace minerals, non-starch polysaccharide and phytic acid, and the literature. Results were compared with the estimated nutrient needs (per day; per 100 kcal) from complementary foods for infants 9-11 months, assuming a breast milk intake of average volume and composition and three complementary feedings per day, each of 250 g. Complementary foods should provide approximately 25-50% of total daily requirements for protein, riboflavin and copper; 50-75% for thiamin, calcium and manganese; and 75-100% for phosphorus, zinc and iron. Most or all appear to meet the estimated daily nutrient needs (per day; per 100 kcal) from complementary foods for protein, thiamin and copper (per day), but not for calcium, iron, and in some cases zinc, even if moderate bioavailability for iron and zinc is assumed. Some of those based on rice are also inadequate in riboflavin (per day; per 100 kcal). Even if strategies to improve the bioavailability of iron and zinc are employed, they are probably insufficient to overcome the deficits in calcium, iron and zinc. Therefore, research on the feasibility of fortifying plant-based complementary foods in developing countries with calcium, iron and zinc is urgently required.
Article
This paper provides an update to the 1998 WHO/UNICEF report on complementary feeding. New research findings are generally consistent with the guidelines in that report, but the adoption of new energy and micronutrient requirements for infants and young children will result in lower recommendations regarding minimum meal frequency and energy density of complementary foods, and will alter the list of "problem nutrients." Without fortification, the densities of iron, zinc, and vitamin B6 in complementary foods are often inadequate, and the intake of other nutrients may also be low in some populations. Strategies for obtaining the needed amounts of problem nutrients, as well as optimizing breastmilk intake when other foods are added to the diet, are discussed. The impact of complementary feeding interventions on child growth has been variable, which calls attention to the need for more comprehensive programs. A six-step approach to planning, implementing, and evaluating such programs is recommended.
While poverty and socioeconomic inequity remains an important factor, in many cases, the presence of micronutrient deficiency is a factor of diet quality, Global Nutrition Epidemiology and Trends
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Butha Z.A. and Salam R.A., While poverty and socioeconomic inequity remains an important factor, in many cases, the presence of micronutrient deficiency is a factor of diet quality, Global Nutrition Epidemiology and Trends, Ann Nutr Metab 2012; 61 (suppl 1): 19-27 PMid:23343944 View Article PubMed/NCBI
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Enderson VP, Cornwall J, Jack S et al. (2008) Intake for no-breastmilk foods for stunted toddlersliving in power urban villages of Phnom Penh, Cambodia are inadequate. Matern Child Nutr 4, 146 -159. PMid:18336647 View Article PubMed/ NCBI
Stratégies de lutte contre l'obésité; Afrique de l'Ouest : Plaidoyer pour la nutrition au sein de la société civile; Népal : Les voix du terrain
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ENN, NUTRITION EXCHANGE Équateur: Stratégies de lutte contre l'obésité; Afrique de l'Ouest : Plaidoyer pour la nutrition au sein de la société civile; Népal : Les voix du terrain, ISSN 2050-3733, Juillet 2017 -Numéro 8
A review of phytate, zinc, iron and calcium concentration in plants-based complementary foods used in low-income countries and implications for bioavallability
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Gbson RS, Baley KB, Gibbs M et al. (2010) A review of phytate, zinc, iron and calcium concentration in plants-based complementary foods used in low-income countries and implications for bioavallability. Food & Nutrition Bulletin 36, Suppl. 2, 134 -146. PMid:20715598 View Article PubMed/NCBI
Complementary feeding practices and associated factors among HIV positive mothers in Southern Ethiopia Haile et al. Journal of Health
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Haile D, Belachew T, Berhanu G, Setegn T and Biadgilign S, Complementary feeding practices and associated factors among HIV positive mothers in Southern Ethiopia Haile et al. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition (2015) 34:5 DOI 10.1186/ s41043-015-0006-0 PMid:26825277 View Article PubMed/NCBI
Practices among children aged 6-23 months in four Anglophone West African countries, original article
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Issaka A.I. et al, Practices among children aged 6-23 months in four Anglophone West African countries, original article, 2015, DI: 10, 1111/ mcn.12194
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Liatard M, Champagne-ardenne CCI, Ardenne C, Bsdd L, Class I. Fiches techniques Alimentation du nourrisson et du jeune enfant,MINISANTE, PRONANUT, 2014;1-2.
Energy requirements derived from total energy expenditure and energy deposition during the first 2 years of life
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Nancy F Butte et al., Energy requirements derived from total energy expenditure and energy deposition during the first 2 years of life. Am J Clin Nutr 2000; 72:1558-69 PMid:11101486 View Article PubMed/NCBI
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RDC MNSP MNP MNA, Rapport final EDS -RDC, 2014;2013-4
UNICEF RDC, la nutrition chez les enfants de moins de cinq ans en République Démocratique du Congo
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UNICEF RDC, la nutrition chez les enfants de moins de cinq ans en République Démocratique du Congo, NARRATIF COMMUN, UNICEF RDC, 2014 Almeras SIFT DESK JOURNALS Email: info@siftdesk.org