Design and Implementation of an Automated Security Gate System using Global System for Mobile Communication Network

Abstract

This research aims to design and fabricate an automated security gate using the Global System of Mobile communication network. The need for efficient control of access for persons and vehicles going in and out of the facilities has placed demands for automation of security gates. This research seeks to improve the management of access to restricted areas through an automated gate control network. The system design and construction utilized both hardware and software components. Fritzing and Proteus8.9 software were used in simulating the circuit for the automatic gate control system. Arduino IDE software, written in C-Programming Language with the ASCII code, enabled the code programming. The automated gate was designed, the prototype fabricated, tested, and the response met the project objective. The findings contribute to theoretical knowledge by providing information about GSM networks' usability as a platform to control automated security gates. The practical implication is that the results could inform the industrial community to innovate and make the technology commercially available for use. The study's limitations include the inefficiency of the 2G modem used compared to the response rate of a 4G modem with the current 4G network deployed by GSM couriers in Nigeria.

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e-ISSN: 2581-639X
Volume-7, Issue-1 (January-April, 2021)
Journal of
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Design and Implementation of an Automated Security Gate System using
Global System for Mobile Communication Network
Elechi P.1*, Ahiakwo C. O.2, Shir S. T.3
1Senior Lecturer, Department of Electrical/Electronic Engineering, Rivers State University, Port
Harcourt, Nigeria
2Professor, Department of Electrical/Electronic Engineering, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt,
Nigeria
3PG Student, Department of Electrical/Electronic Engineering, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt,
Nigeria
*Corresponding Author: elechi.promise@ust.edu.ng
ABSTRACT
This research aims to design and fabricate
an automated security gate using the Global
System of Mobile communication network.
The need for efficient control of access for
persons and vehicles going in and out of the
facilities has placed demands for automation
of security gates. This research seeks to
improve the management of access to
restricted areas through an automated gate
control network. The system design and
construction utilized both hardware and
software components. Fritzing and
Proteus8.9 software were used in simulating
the circuit for the automatic gate control
system. Arduino IDE software, written in C-
Programming Language with the ASCII
code, enabled the code programming. The
automated gate was designed, the prototype
fabricated, tested, and the response met the
project objective. The findings contribute to
theoretical knowledge by providing
information about GSM networks' usability
as a platform to control automated security
gates. The practical implication is that the
results could inform the industrial
community to innovate and make the
technology commercially available for use.
The study's limitations include the
inefficiency of the 2G modem used compared
to the response rate of a 4G modem with the
current 4G network deployed by GSM
couriers in Nigeria.
Keywords-- Automation, Control, Gate, GSM,
Security, SMS
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
The security challenges encountered in
many places require efficient means of
controlling access to high-interest areas such as
communities, recreational centres, offices, and
homes, preventing unwanted access. Security
arises from the need to be safe and not feel
endangered [1]. In Nigeria mainly, the
prevalence of armed robbers and other groups
that constitute a nuisance to society has led to
the loss of lives and properties worth millions
of naira. Point out that many of the attacks that
led to significant loss of lives and properties
have occurred in unguarded homes [2]. Posited
that, since, the creation of early societies and
residential complexes, the human being has
tried to control his own built environment and
world [3]. Despite seemingly impregnable
security gates designed to ward off intruders,
many attacks still took place, presenting
significant concern about the efficiency of
gates.
Referred to gates as a point of entry to a
space enclosed by walls or an opening in a fence
[4]. Gates may prevent or control entry or exit,
or they may be merely decorative. Gates play a
vital role in providing controlled access to
specific areas of interest, thereby safeguarding
such places. There exist different designs and
construction styles of gates based on particular
principles of operations. These classifications
fall into three groups which are sliding, swing,
and collapsible gates. Sliding gates slide along
tracks commonly used in southern Europe and
the United States of America. Swing or hinged

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gates are hinged along one side to allow the gate
to pivot away from the gateway in one direction
but not in the other. Collapsible gates have
multiple panels that fold upon one another
when such a gate is opened.
Private and commercial environments
that require controlled access need to restrict
how people move in and out of the places.
Installing an automatic gate help prevent people
from gaining access at will. Gate designs have
utilized mechanical and automated opening
technologies. Existing gate opening technology
has used different methodologies, including
biometrics, voice, and facial authentication, to
control automatic gates [5]. Other gate designs
have implemented remote control technologies
to open and close automatic gates. Remote-
control systems have evolved and advanced
over the years to include infrared, Bluetooth
connectivity, motion sensor-enabled
capabilities, and voice control [6]. The primary
remote-control technology used in the home
utilizes infrared signals.
The use of various technologies to
operate automatic gates offers different levels
of convenience and security. Specifically,
informed that biometric recognition systems
provide more excellent protection and comfort
than traditional personal recognition methods
[7]. There remains, however, an unending list
of technologies that can be deployed in the
control of automatic gates. Demonstrated that
two entrances could be monitored using a
microprocessor [8]. The design operated such
that when the gates sense a vehicle's approach,
they will automatically open, wait for a
specified time, and then close. Cell phones can
also be deployed to control automatic gates
using the Global System of Mobile (GSM)
communication. GSM is a platform that offers
an enormous communication-based design [9].
This research employs the GSM network to
control an automated security gate.
Research Problems
Society today is witnessing several
security threats from theft, vandalism, violent
crime, and terrorism. These threats usually
target people in public and private buildings. To
minimize unauthorized access, facility owners
manually operated security gates to deter
unauthorized people from accessing restricted
areas. However, a manual sliding gate uses
sizeable human efforts in opening and closing
the gates. The manual gates' operation caused
friction between the rollers and the metal they
roll on, creating unwanted noise. The use of
human efforts in opening gates has also placed
a demand for human resources. The
development and deployment of automated
gates offer enormous advantages over
mechanical gates. For example, the man-hour
required in operating manual gates could be
useful in other activities that achieve equally
significant results, creating more value in
society. Also, the design uses technology that
ensures better efficiency and control.
Review of Related Work
Some researchers designed an automatic
gate control using an infrared remote with a
password protection feature [6]. The gate
operating device was controlled by a
microcontroller programmed with assembled
language and logic circuit. The processor used
an 8-bit microcontroller that receives the
infrared signal from the transmitter of a remote-
control using IR sensor, decodes it, and
switches ON the relay that controls the DC
motor. The DC motor uses gears to control the
movement of the gate, either forward or
backward. When a wrong password is used, the
gate will not open, and the security alarm will
sound. The alarm system was incorporated in
the design to create awareness when an
unauthorized attempt is made to access the
protected area. The challenge with Ayodele et
al. (2014) design is that using a password in
opening the gate led to some delay and waste of
time. Some researchers developed an IoT-
based RFID gate automation system [10]. A
feature of the IoT-based RFID design is that it
allowed access to the owner anywhere in the
world. The features of this gate, however, made
it costly, thus, limiting its affordability.
Designed a sensor-based automatic control of
railway gates [11]. The project does close and
open gates, but it could not control cars and
vehicle crossing. The non-use of load sensors

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made the project unsuitable for use. Designed a
home automation system using Arduino, and
the system could connect to phones which have
a connection to Wi-Fi or Bluetooth [12]. A
better approach to this system could involve the
use of SMS, call alerts.
Types of Automated Gate System
Automatic gates are utilized over a wide
range of industries and generally come in three
basic types - the swing gate, the slide gate, and
the tilt security gate [12-14]. A swing gate is an
open/close entry way consisting of one or two
gates that swing horizontally inward to allow
vehicles' passage. On single-gate assemblies,
the swing gate opens at one end and pulls
inward and aside at the other. On double-gate
assemblies, the two gates parts at the middle
and pull inward and sideways [12-14]. A slide
gate is an open/close entryway consisting of
one or two gates that slide horizontally aside to
allow vehicles' passage. The gate opens at one
end and slides left or right on single-gate
assemblies until it has cleared from the
driveway [15]. The two gates parts at the
middle and slide to their respective ends on
double-gate assembly until the driveway have
cleared for traffic. A tilt gate is an open/close
entryway that rises vertically to allow the
passage of vehicles. On single-gate assemblies,
the gate pulls up and aside to one end of the
entrance. On double-gate assemblies, the two
gates part at the middle and pull up and aside to
their respective entrance ends.
Mobile Phone-Based Gate Access System
Mobile Phone-based gate access system
utilizes the GSM network for communication
and control [16]. GSM is a digital cellular
communication standard that is accepted
globally [9]. GSM originated as a European
mobile telephone standard established in 1982
to formulate specifications for a pan-European
mobile cellular radio system [17, 18]. GSM
specifications fundamentally focused on
defining functions and interface requirements.
A typical GSM network comprises the base
station system (BSS), the switching system
(SS), and the operation and support system
(OSS) [19]. A GSM modem is an electronic
device that uses a sim card and works with a
GSM network wirelessly [20]. GSM modems
are designed in the form of PC and PCMCIA
Cards. A GSM modem requires a SIM card to
operate just as in a cell phone. The operation of
a GSM modem is similar to that of a dial-up
modem.
MATERIALS AND METHOD
Materials
The materials used include AC/DC
power supply unit, GSM modem,
Microcontroller, Veroboard, Stepper Motor
Driver, Stepper Motor, Gate structure, and
wiring cables/accessories. Table 1 and 2 shows
the materials used to design and construct the
prototype GSM interfaced automated security
gate system.
Table 1: Software.
S/N
Software
1
Fritzing Software
2
Proteus 8.9 Software
3
Arduino Software IDE
4
C Programing Software
Table 2: Materials.
S/N
Hardwares
1
SIM800L GSM Modem
2
ATmega328 Microcontroller
3
Power Supply 230/12, 1.5A
4
ULN2003 Stepper Motor Driver
5
Motor 12V, 200mA

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6
Atmel AVR (LM317, LM7805, and
LM7812).
7
Mechanical Fabrication Tools
8
Wiring Cables/Accessories
Power Supply Unit
A power supply circuit is required to
supply power/voltage for the operation of the
overall circuit. This project needs three
different direct current voltage levels; 4.4V for
the GSM modem, 5V for the microcontroller
operation, and 12V for powering the motor.
Hence, three various voltage regulators
(LM317, LM7805, and LM7812) were used to
achieve this. The voltage regulators were used
to filter out the required voltage levels from the
rectifier's generated dc voltage. This
automatically maintains a constant voltage
level to be supplied to the respective units of the
system. Filtering capacitors are used to stabilize
and reduce the ripples of the supply voltages.
GSM Modem
The GSM modem provides an interface
between the system communication protocol
and the user. It is the device that receives the
user instruction to either opens or closes the
gate. The GSM modern used is SIM800L.
SIM800L is a quad-band GSM/GPRS module
that works on frequencies 850MHz GSM,
900MHz EGSM, 1800MHz DCS, and
1900MHz PCS. It also features GPRS multi-
slot class 12/class 10 (optional), and supports
CS-1, CS-2, CS-3, and CS-4 GPRS coding
schemes.
ATmega328 Microcontroller
Atmega328 Microcontroller serves as the
brain of the system receiving, sending, and
sharing data with both the GSM modem and the
stepper motor driver. Atmega328 is a
programable embedded microcontroller (chip),
which has a computer processor with all its
support function (clocking and reset), memory
(both program storage and RAM), and I/O
(including bus interfaces) built into the device.
These built-in functions minimize the need for
external circuits and devices to the designed in
the final applications. It is an 8bit 28-pin AVR
Microcontroller with 32k of flash memory, 1k
of EEPROM, and 2k of internal SRAM, two 8-
bit timers' 23 I/O pins, and six channels PWM
with an inbuilt USART. The Atmega328
supports an external oscillator up to 20MHz. It
comes in 28 pin DIP.
Stepper Motor Driver
The Stepper motor driver controls the
rotation of the stepper motor that drives the
gate. The ULN2003 is a 16-pin IC and powers
the stepper motor. It has seven Darlington Pairs
inside that serve as Input and Output Pins. It
also has ground and common pins. By
controlling the exact spot without using a
feedback system, the ULN2003 motor driver
can control the gate drive motor efficiently. It
mainly provides variable current control and
several step resolutions that include fixed
translators to allow the motor control by easy
step and direction inputs producing a smooth
motor operation.
DC Stepper Motor
The stepper motor drives the gate
through a gear system. The stepper motor is
connected to the ULN2003 motor driver and
interfaced with Arduino for proper
communication. The control of the Stepper
Motor movement angle is done by controlling
the number of stepper motor driver pulses. The
speed of the stepper motor rotation is also
controllable by controlling the frequency of the
pulses. The motor has a reduction ratio of 64:1,
so it offers a decent torque for its size at speeds
of about 15 RPM.
Automatic Sliding Gate Block Diagram
The automatic sliding gate block diagram
consists of a GSM module/modem as a link for
communication between the user (mobile
phone) and the gate control system. The
ATtmega328 Microcontroller interface with the
GSM modem and the stepper motor driver. The
Stepper Motor receives user instructions from
the ATtmega328 Microcontroller and passes

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Volume-7, Issue-1 (January-April, 2021)
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instructions to the motor. The motors drive the
gear system to move the gate in the desired direction. Fig. 1 shows the block diagram of the
automated gate system
Figure 1: The block diagram of the automatic gate system.
Circuit Design
The circuit for automatic gate control is
designed using Automation Studio 6.0 and
Proteus 8.9 Software. The software enables the
configuration and interface of the various
components. The operating system's major
components, such as the GSM module, the
microcontroller, the stepper motor drive, and
the motor, were outsourced. Fig. 2 shows the
Veroboard circuit design, and Fig. 3 shows the
wiring circuit.
Figure 2: Circuit design.
Gate
Wired connection
Wireless connection
User
Stepper
Motor
Gear system connection
Stepper
Motor Driver
Microcontroller
(ATmega328)
GSM
Module
Password
encrypted SMS
Mobile
Phone

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Figure 3: Circuit Diagram.
Software Development
The computer program used to carry out
the programming of the ATmega328
microcontroller is Arduino IDE software which
was written in C-Programming Language. The
system flowchart shown in Fig. 4 indicates the
implementation of the programs using Arduino
IDE. All the components and peripherals used
in the program were initialized. While writing
the coding, ASCII code was used in declaring
the code for receiving and reading SMS
messages. To avoid the SMS interrupt with the
previous message, a declared delete SMS
coding is used. This ensures that any message
received that is not valid to the pre-programmed
password will be deleted. After that, the code
for comparing the suitable password was
written. If the password is valid, the
microcontroller will direct the stepper motor
driver operation according to the received
signal otherwise, the Atmel microcontroller
loop will go back to receiving and reading SMS
for searching the valid password that matches
the pre-programmed password.

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Figure 4: System flowchart.
Intruder Permutation
A longer character code will make the
system more secure, since, more trials will be
required to break into the system.


󰇛󰇜 (1)

 
   

    
 
The permutation formula given in equation (1)
shows that for a 5-character code, it will require
60233040 trials for an intruder to break into the
system.
System of works
The GSM controlled automated gate is
designed and constructed to operate using SMS
communication between the user, the control
panel to be installed in the house, and the gate
drive system installed at the gate in a real-world
scenario. To demonstrate the concept's
practicality, a prototype gate is constructed and
interfaced with a control panel. When the
automatic gate control system is powered on,
the SIM800L GSM modem connects the system
service provider of the Sim-card network,
making the system ready to receive a command
from the user. When a user sends an opening
command (OPQ1#) from a mobile phone to the
Simcard's number inside the SIM800L modem,
the code is read by the ATmega 328
Microcontroller. The microcontroller executes
the code instructions and gives a command to
the ULN2003 stepper motor driver. The stepper
motor driver, in turn, passes a command to the
motor to open the gate. Similarly, to close the
gate, the user will have to send a closing
command (CLQ2#) from the mobile phone to
the Simcard's number inside the SIM800L
modem. In the same manner, the code is read by
the ATmega 328 Microcontroller. The
microcontroller executes the code instructions
and gives a command to the ULN2003 stepper
START
Initialized all peripherals (Ports, UART and
Variables)
Delete Previous SMS Message
Compare Passwords
Send the signal to output circuits
Receiving and Reading SMS
messages
END
VALID
INVALID

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motor driver. The stepper motor driver then
passes a command to the motor to close the
gate. The microcontroller is programmed to
recognize only codes included in it and do not
recognize codes not written. If a wrong SMS is
sent to the Simcard, the microcontroller will
read it as an invalid SMS message. It will then
execute a delete SMS code to ensure that any
message received that is not included in the
program is not executed. Once an SMS function
is executed, the massage is also deleted to avoid
executing a previous SMS message. To protect
the executable codes from being hacked, the
code for comparing a suitable password code is
written that requires 60233040 permutations or
trials for an intruder to break into the system.
The control panel has a manual push-button
switch for resetting the system. The gate opens
and closes automatically when the correct code
to the sim card in SIM800L.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The aim of the research was to design and
implement an automated security gate system
using GSM Network as a medium for
communication with the gate. The design has
been executed and tested to be work in line with
the objectives of the study. Fig. 5 illustrates the
performance of the gate.
Figure 5: Response time curve.
Whenever a user sent an opening
command, the system will process the
instruction, and the OPEN indicator LED will
light yellow. At that point, the gate will begin
to open and take 25 seconds to reach the end of
the gate, and then the OPEN light will go off,
indicating that the instruction has been fully
executed. When a closing command is sent, the
system will process the instruction, and the
CLOSE indicator LED will light green. At that
point, the gate will begin to close, and it also
takes 25 seconds for the drive gate to fully
close, and then the CLOSE light will go off,
indicating that the instruction has been fully
executed. The Response Time Curve
represents the system's performance, and from
the graph, you could see a linear relationship
between the run time and the distance of the
drive.
CONCLUSION
The need to provide a convenient way of
securing restricted areas cannot be over-
emphasized. Automated gates controlled using
mobile phones offer a unique, secure, and

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convenient way of controlling access to
facilities. This research's success is achieved
using contributions from the literature that
offered a wealth of information that forms the
research's theoretical underpinnings. The
automatic gate was designed, developed, and
tested from materials selected and fabricated
locally. The technology can be used on a variety
of gate types. The framework portrayed in this
undertaking has been planned and built to work
a little entryway to exhibit the plan's usefulness.
It very well may be altered to suit various
applications like an electronic cost assortment
and other passage or pass-through frameworks
that require client distinguishing proof. The
consideration of a secret key that will be entered
on a telephone or keypad causes this plan to
have improved security. A superior security
level can be accomplished by causing the secret
word to have more characters and could
incorporate two-factor validations. A greater
entryway can in any case be worked with the
control framework portrayed, however, the
driver hardware should utilize parts that can
deal with more force needed to drive the gate.
RECOMMENDATION
Like every other research, this work is
not with limitations. The study employs a 2G
network modem which made connectivity to
the current 4G network deployed by GSM
couriers in Nigeria today a bit difficult to
establish. We recommend future research to
employ 4G or 5G network GSM modules to
improve the system's connectivity to the courier
network. We also recommend using two-factor
authentications to enhance the security of the
system.
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