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Effects of Capsicum frutescens L. (Siling Labuyo) on the Sexual Behavior of Male Rattus norvegicus (Albino Rats)
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Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.), known as the king of spices, proven to contain various types
of active substances that are allegedly beneficial to the human body functions including sexual
function. This study was conducted to determine whether black pepper extract can be used to
improve sexual function in male subjects. Thirty six healthy male mice, four months old, weighing
between 25-30 g, were used as experimental animals and grouped into four. The first one mice was
given pellets that do not contain black pepper extract as a control. The second and third groups,
respectively were treated with pellets containing aqueous and ethanol extracts. The last group was
given pellets containing aqueous extract and ethanolic extracts with a ratio of 1:1. Pellets were
given once every day for 90 days. Mating behavior test was conducted in an open round plastic tray
with a diameter of 40 cm and height 25 cm. Throughout the test, videotaping was performed for
the following parameters: courtship latency and mounting frequency. The results revealed that
compared with control group, male mice fed on aqueous as well as ethanol extract of black pepper
significantly showed a shorter courtship latency (p<0.05). On the other hand, there was no
difference in the mounting frequency between treated groups. Interestingly, the mounting
frequency showed a strong negative correlation with the courtship latency (r = -0.968). In
conclusion, the fruit extract of black pepper potentially affect sexual drive in male mice.
The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of zinc (Zn) and selenium
(Se) on antioxidative status and testosterone, T4 and T3 levels in 12 bucks aged between 2 and 4 years, weighing
25�35 kg. The experimental animals were divided in control and test groups containing six animals each. The
animals of the control group were not given any supplementation, whereas test group were given supplementation
of Zn and Se in the form of 150-ppm zinc sulphate and 0.50-ppm sodium selenite, respectively, for 105 days. Zn
and Se levels in serum and seminal plasma, testosterone, T4 and T3 levels in serum and antioxidative status of
seminal plasma were estimated at 0, 60, 75, 90 and 105 days of the experiment. After 60 days of supplementation,
concentration of Zn and Se in seminal plasma and serum increased significantly (PB0.05) as compared to
control. After 60 days, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), glutathione reductase
(GSHR) and catalase (CAT) activity in seminal plasma of test group increased significantly (PB0.05), whereas
lipid peroxidation (LPO) decreased significantly (PB0.05) as compared to control. After 60 days, serum
testosterone, T4 and T3 concentration in test group increased significantly (PB0.05) as compared to control. It
may be concluded that Zn and Se supplementation can improve the antioxidative status and hormone levels by
increasing the Zn and Se level in seminal plasma and serum, respectively.
Keywords: zinc; selenium; antioxidative status; hormone; buck
Aphrodisiac is the word derived from Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of sexual, love and beauty. An aphrodisiac is defined as an agent (food or drug) that arouses sexual desire. Current sexual dysfunction therapy lack satisfactory success due to adverse effect, hence patients are seeking complementary and alternative medicine to treat sexual dysfunction. Ayurveda and other Indian literature mention the use of plants in various human ailments. India has about more than 45 000 plant species and among them several thousand are claimed to possess medicinal properties. Researchers conducted in the last few decades on the plants mentioned in ancient literature or used traditionally for sexual dysfunction. This review reveals that some plants and their extract have aphrodisiac activity, which are helpful for researcher to develop new herbal aphrodisiac formulations. In the recent years, interest in drugs of plant origin has been progressively increased.
Mastic is a natural resin extracted from the stem of the evergreen tree Pistacia lentiscus var. Chia (Duham) (Anacardiaceae). For a long time, mastic has been esteemed for its aphrodisiac properties. To test this hypothesis, the trace element zinc was determined while the quantity released after a certain time of chewing was studied. For comparison, three commercial chewing-gums were analyzed as well. A portion of natural mastic or commercial gum was uniformly chewed for 1, 2, 3, and 4 h and the zinc content measured. The zinc content of mastic from P. lentiscus var. Chia was compared to that of other natural resins from the same genus (Pistacia terebinthus L.) or conifer [Pinus halepensis Mill. (Pinaceae)], having a different secretion mechanism and also used as an additive in human nutrition. Secreted resin and plant tissues from the above trees were sampled and the zinc content was determined. Zinc concentrations in the resin were lower than in the plant tissues. The Chios mastic showed a slightly greater zinc content compared to the other analyzed specimens. Among all gums studied, only the Chios mastic released a small amount of about 0.7 mg kg(-1) zinc in the mouth and gastrointestinal system after 4 h chewing time. With commercial gums, the zinc content increased to a large degree (up to 2 mg kg(-1)) after the same treatment, a fact which was attributed to the zinc uptake from salivary secretions, indicating zinc deprivation for the human organism.
In humans and animals, food composition, especially dietary fat, affects androgen secretion and metabolism. On the other hand, disturbances of sex steroid metabolism play an important role in the etiology of hormone-related cancers. In this report the roles of dietary fat, its quantity, fatty acid composition and feeding period on androgens metabolism was described. In conclusion, it should be stated that the amount of dietary fat, and its composition, (i.e. the content of individual fatty acids and/or their groups), as well as the period during which the nutrient is fed to animals affect significantly the secretion and metabolism of androgens.
Objective: To study the effect of V.tessellata on the sexual behaviour of male mice and general toxicity, if any, in mice. Methods: An aqueous suspension (2 g/kg, wet wt.) or extract (water or alcohol, 200 mg/kg) of root, flower or leaf of V. tessellata was administered (p.o.) to male mice and 1 hr, after administration their mounting behaviour was observed. The most active extract (alcohol extract of flower) was administered (50 or 200 mg/kg, p.o.) to different groups of male mice and their mounting behaviour, mating performance and reproductive performance were determined. The general short term toxicity of the alcohol extract in male mice was also determined. Results: The flower and, to some extent, the root, but not the leaf of V. tessellata was found to stimulate the mounting behaviour of male mice. This activity was found in the alcohol extract of the flower. This extract (50 or 200 mg/kg) also increased mating performance in the mice. The pups fathered by the extract treated mice were found to be normal with an increasing trend in the male/female ratio of these pups. The alcohol extract was devoid of any conspicuous general toxicity. Conclusion: The alcohol extract of V.tessellata flower stimulates the sexual behaviour of male mice.
The present study was aimed to investigate the effect ethanolic extract of roots of Mimusa pudica Linn. (Mimosae) on libido of sexually normal Swiss Albino male mice. The suspension of the extract was administered orally at the dose of 100, 250, and 500 mg / kg, to different groups of male mice (n = 6) once a day for seven days. The female albino mice involved in mating were made receptive by hormonal treatment. The general libido and potency were determined and compared with the standard reference drug sildenafil citrate. A change in hormonal parameter like testosterone was evaluated. Oral administration of the extract significantly increased the libido and hormonal levels of testosterone. The most appreciable effect of the extract was observed at the dose of 500 mg/kg. The results indicated that the ethanolic extract of roots of Mimusa pudica Linn. (Mimosae) produced a significant and sustained increase in the aphrodisiac activity of normal male mice, without any adverse effects.
This study assessed the effects of zinc on male sex hormones and semen quality in male albino wistar rats. Forty rats weighing between 150- 210g, grouped into 5 of 8 rats each, were used for the research that lasted for six weeks. Group I, the control group, received normal rat chow and water ad libitum. The four test groups II-V, received 20g, 40g, 60g and 80g of zinc sulphate mixed with their rat chow respectively in addition to water for six weeks. Blood samples were collected and assayed for Luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), Prolactin (PL), testosterone (T), progesterone and oestradiol. Semen was also analysed for sperm motility, sperm count and morphology. Results showed statistically significant decrease in serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) (p< 0.05) in groups II and IV with mean values of 0.10±0.00 and 1.20±0.00 respectively when compared with the control (1.10±0.10). The results also revealed statistically significant increase in the serum levels of testosterone in groups II, III and IV with mean values of 3.60±1.40, 4.5±0.30 and 0.80±0.70 respectively when compared with the control with a value of 0.35±0.15. The increase in testosterone levels were dose dependent as there were consistent increment in groups II and III after which the levels decreased with increasing zinc concentrations. There was statistically significant dose dependent decrease in sperm motility and morphology in the test groups compared with the control (p<0.05). In conclusion, zinc sulphate has some significant positive effects on male sex hormones and sperm quality at doses within physiological levels but harmful at higher doses.
A large number of pharmacological studies have used capsaicin as a tool to activate many physiological systems, with an emphasis on pain research but also including functions such as the cardiovascular system, the respiratory system, and the urinary tract. Understanding the actions of capsaicin led to the discovery its receptor, transient receptor potential (TRP) vanilloid subfamily member 1 (TRPV1), part of the superfamily of TRP receptors, sensing external events. This receptor is found on key fine sensory afferents, and so the use of capsaicin to selectively activate pain afferents has been exploited in animal studies, human psychophysics, and imaging studies. Its effects depend on the dose and route of administration and may include sensitization, desensitization, withdrawal of afferent nerve terminals, or even overt death of afferent fibers. The ability of capsaicin to generate central hypersensitivity has been valuable in understanding the consequences and mechanisms behind enhanced central processing of pain. In addition, capsaicin has been used as a therapeutic agent when applied topically, and antagonists of the TRPV1 receptor have been developed. Overall, the numerous uses for capsaicin are clear; hence, the rationale of this review is to bring together and discuss the different types of studies that exploit these actions to shed light upon capsaicin working both as a tool to understand pain but also as a treatment for chronic pain. This review will discuss the various actions of capsaicin and how it lends itself to these different purposes.
In male rats copulation has antinociceptive effects as measured either by shock-induced vocalizations or hindlimb withdrawal to pinch. Prolonged mating reduces the content of endogenous opioids in midbrain but not in hypothalamus or caudate nucleus. Blockage of opiate receptors with the narcotic antagonist naloxone (4 mg/kg) significantly extends the postejaculatory interval. The results indicate that mating is a biological stimulus for the release of endogenous opoids, possibly to (a) prevent intense sexual stimulation from becoming aversive, and (b) increase its reward value.
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