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DIVERSIDADES, ESPAÇO E MIGRAÇÕES NA CIDADE EMPREENDEDORA, OBSERVATÓRIO DAS MIGRAÇÕES, 66 DEZEMBRO 2020
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In a context of global scale inequalities and increased middle-class transnational mobility, this paper explores how the arrival of Western European and North American migrants in Barcelona drives a process of gentrification that coexists and overlaps with the development of tourism in the city. Research has focused increasingly on the role of visitors and Airbnb in driving gentrification. However, our aim is to add another layer to the complexity of neighbourhood change in tourist cities by considering the role of migrants from advanced economies as gentrifiers in these neighbourhoods. We combined socio-demographic analysis with in-depth interviews and, from this, we found that: (i) lifestyle opportunities, rather than work, explain why transnational migrants are attracted to Barcelona, resulting in privileged consumers of housing that then displace long-term residents; (ii) migrants have become spatially concentrated in tourist enclaves and interact predominantly with other transnational mobile populations; (iii) the result is that centrally located neighbourhoods are appropriated by foreigners-both visitors and migrants-who are better positioned in the unequal division of labour, causing locals to feel increasingly excluded from the place. We illustrate that tourism and transnational gentrification spatially coexist and, accordingly, we provide an analysis that integrates both processes to understand how neighbourhood change occurs in areas impacted by tourism. By doing so, the paper offers a fresh reading of how gentrification takes place in a Southern European destination and, furthermore, it provides new insights into the conceptualisation of tourism and lifestyle migration as drivers of gentrification.
Esta dissertação investiga a relação entre a recente proliferação de alugueres de curta duração e processos de gentrificação turística em Alfama, Lisboa. Sendo que a gentrificação é simultaneamente um processo de mudança espacial e um processo de mudança social, delinearam-se dois objetivos gerais: a) examinou-se a relação entre a proliferação de alojamentos turísticos e as transformações no tecido habitacional de Alfama e b) examinaram-se as transformações sociais causadas pela concentração deste tipo de alojamentos no bairro. A investigação centrou-se numa microescala geográfica (numa área com cerca de 3,6 hectares, 251 edifícios e 945 alojamentos) e a abordagem metodológica foi essencialmente de natureza qualitativa, de imersão no meio em estudo. A recolha de dados foi feita através do levantamento e mapeamento dos alojamentos turísticos, da mudança de proprietários dos imóveis e da reabilitação do edificado habitacional, e com recurso a observação direta, entrevistas informais e em profundidade a residentes no bairro de Alfama.
Concluiu-se que Alfama está a passar por um processo de gentrificação turística relacionado com a proliferação e concentração de alojamentos turísticos no tecido habitacional. Verificou-se uma considerável mudança de usos no edificado do bairro, de habitação para alojamento de uso exclusivamente turístico, bem como o desalojamento de residentes permanentes para dar lugar a habitantes temporários, turistas. Verificou-se, também, que a proliferação de alojamentos turísticos tem vindo a fomentar processos de especulação imobiliária e que está relacionada com a reabilitação do edificado do bairro. Concluiu-se, ainda, que o mercado de arrendamento de longa duração em Alfama tem tendência a desaparecer, uma vez que o alojamento turístico toma o lugar do que se pretendia para habitação.
The image of Paris as a ‘cosmopolitan’ city is as old as Paris itself is. However, only in the 1920s and 1930s did Paris earn its reputation of being a writers’ city, an ‘international republic of artists’, to quote Alejo Carpentier. It became a centre of attraction for the intelligentsia worldwide.¹ After a period of decline, Paris has once again become a centre of convergence for the world’s elite, a ‘global city’ where international executives and financiers run the global economy and redistribute the world’s resources. The City of Light owes its cosmopolitan nature not only to its cultural and artistic aura, or to its role in economic exchanges and technological innovation. It also, and maybe even especially, owes it to the fact that from the end of the nineteenth century onwards, immigrants from foreign countries and from the provinces began to flow in massively, fostering an unprecedented economic and demographic boom.
http://www.estudoprevio.net/artigos/85/avenida-almirante-reis-diagnostico-urbano
As cidades são espaços por excelência de transformação e de inovação social e espacial. Nas últimas décadas, em resultado da existência de dinâmicas sociais e económicas endógenas e exógenas, a cidade de Lisboa apresenta alterações importantes na sua organização, nomeadamente ao nível da relação entre população, comércio, habitação e serviços. Neste contexto, o projeto de investigação Atlas da Almirante Reis estuda os processos de transformação naquela que é uma das avenidas mais extensas de Lisboa, onde se pode observar, numa estrutura urbana linear, a ocupação da cidade no último século, em termos arquitetónicos, históricos e socioeconómicos.Com base em pesquisa histórica e geográfica e em levantamentos de terreno, propõe-se apresentar os primeiros resultados deste projeto, contribuindo para a caracterização da recente dinâmica espacial de Lisboa, nomeadamente no que diz respeito às alterações na estrutura demográfica e económica e à sua relação com as transformações na arquitetura da cidade.
This article is concerned with the increasing role and relevance of tourism in processes of urban change as well as its overlap and interplay with other mobilities and place consumption practices. It responds to recent debates surrounding the extension and intensification of ‘touristification’ processes in urban areas and uses the case of Berlin to draw attention to a number of intricacies and complexities that complicate their interpretation. The main argument the article advances is that developments in Berlin which are currently discussed under the rubric of ‘touristification’ can by no means be exclusively attributed to tourism, however conceived, and instead illustrate the need to adopt new ways of approaching and understanding what is perceived as tourism-induced urban change. To this end, the article will present a preliminary heuristic portrayal of (tourism) mobility and place consumption as a pentagon with five interrelated but distinct dimensions and present several salient issues and questions that warrant further investigation. The paper will conclude with some brief reflections concerning the wider implications of the increased centrality of mobility flows and place consumption practices in today's cities. These, it will be argued, not only challenge the way we think about tourism. Rather, they also raise fundamental questions concerning our understanding of cities and neighbourhoods, the ‘legitimacy’ of particular claims over them, as well as several traditional precepts of modern urban planning and management.
Este documento pretende sintetizar os resultados do processo de reflexão
estratégica encomendado pelo Pelouro da Cultura da CML ao DINÂ-
MIA’CET-IUL , centro de investigação do Instituto Universitário de Lisboa
(ISCTE-IUL), em 2016, sobre a atuação municipal no campo cultural, a qual
se traduziu num processo amplamente participado que ocorreu entre
Março de 2016 e Janeiro de 2017, envolvendo a CML (em particular a sua
Direção Municipal de Cultura – DMC – e a empresa municipal com ação no
campo cultural, a EGEAC – Empresa de Gestão de Equipamentos e Animação
Cultural de Lisboa), bem como múltiplos outros agentes culturais e
institucionais da cidade.
This chapter contains sections titled: Government of European Cities - What is Governed? - Territories of Urban Governance: Uncertain Metropolitan Governments - References
This article combines a theoretical discussion of interculturalism with an analysis of intercultural policy programmes in European cities (Barcelona, Dublin, Vienna). It contributes in two ways to scholarship on superdiversity and migrant integration: first, by reflecting upon the potential of intercultural policies to respond to superdiverse societies. Second, by engaging with the dominant idea driving the adoption of intercultural policies in Europe: the idea that (super)diversity has to be harnessed for economic ends. The article indicates the need to take the dynamics of the political economy, and issues of inequality more into account in scholarly debates about immigrant integration and superdiversity.
Cultural diversity has acquired an important role in the discourse on regional and urban planning. The transformation of diversity into a territorial value emerges with the growth of the symbolic economy and the predominance of tourism, the economic sector of culture and urban marketing in development strategies. The strategic documents of regional and urban development are vehicles of territorial ideology, promoting ways of thinking about the territory, the protagonists and agents of its development, what it should be and who it should belong to. Via an analysis of the strategic documents for the capital city/region of the capital, we reveal the work of building representations for the Lisbon that has been planned. We pay special attention to the role of diversity in this building process.