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... Thirdly, the German Galileo Public Regulated Service (PRS) Test Receiver PROOF was used. It processes the GPS L1 C/A and Galileo E1-OS signals as well as the Galileo E1-A and E6-A PRS [8]. ...
... The exploring PRS low-end receivers (EXPLOR-ERS) program (Turner et al., 2015) is a spreading code authentication proposed for Galileo open service via spreading code of Galileo PRS. It is a communicationassisted authentication system, including two services, called PRS/Open Service Positioning and Authentication (PROSPA) (Turner et al., 2013) and National Space Technology Program (NSTP) Aspire project (ASPIRE) (Rugamer et al., 2016(Rugamer et al., , 2020Turner et al., 2015). The PROSPA sends Galileo PRS spreading code segments to Fig. 3 The NMA of the Chimera scheme is constructed through the digital signature of the navigation message. ...
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Civilian services of Global Navigation Satellite System are threatened by spoofing attacks since it is hard to determine the authenticity of a navigation signal with a detailed structure open to the public. Signal authentication effectively protects the security of the signal by attaching unforgeable information to one or several elements of the signal. Receivers can verify the authenticity of the signal by extracting and validating this information. Developing good signal authentication schemes requires understanding possible spoofing modes, signal element specialty, and performance evaluation methods. This paper is an overview of navigation signal authentication, where the theories and reported approaches are described in detail. A design/performance matrix that demonstrates the advantages and defects of the signal element and its authentication design is summarized. Recommendations are proposed to improve the robustness, security, efficiency, and implementation hardness for future designs of navigation signal authentication.
... These existing receivers had previously only been run under laboratory conditions and were not suitable to withstand everyday use with being mounted on an emergency vehicle. As part of the project, new algorithms for the difficult urban environment were developed for these receivers, which, despite shadowing and signal multipath effects due to reflections, permits a robust and precise position determination with a high availability [8]. They were also optimised in terms of size and weight, as there is often very little available space on emergency vehicles. ...
Conference Paper
The aim of the research project HALI-Berlin is to demonstrate the use of Galileo PRS (PRS = Public Regulated Service) for determining the position of emergency vehicles under real-life conditions in a complex urban environment. Based on this position determination, a preemption is given to emergency vehicles at traffic lights to cross safely and to maintain higher speeds towards their destination. In addition, HALI-Berlin significantly increases road safety for all road users and minimises the negative impact of emergency mission trips on the general traffic flow. Several fire brigade and police vehicles were equipped to receive Galileo PRS encrypted signals. Eight traffic lights in the Berlin-Moabit district were also enhanced with additional components. A HALI server in the background coordinates the triggering of the traffic lights along the emergency vehicles' routes. This paper presents a project overview, the applied HALI system components and the findings achieved so far.
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Interferences can significantly degrade the performance of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers. Therefore, mitigation methods are required to ensure reliable operations. However, as there are different types of interferences, robust, multi-purpose mitigation algorithms are needed. The high-rate DFT-based data manipulator (HDDM) algorithm is a promising mitigation method, but so far has only been evaluated in theory and software. This paper presents a hardware implementation of the HDDM algorithm and its evaluation in an exemplary hardware configuration with comparison to the interference mitigation of a high-end professional receiver. Results with interferences achieve the same or improved performance. With more complex interferences, like frequency hopping or pulsed, the
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In this paper, we present a practical implementation and evaluation of the open service navigation message authentication (OS-NMA) scheme proposed for Galileo. A file-system based solution is used to parse the results, making this implementation receiver independent. Therefore, extending to current commercial receivers to support OS-NMA, without additional receiver redesign and by using openly available and independently developed crypto libraries, is facile. With this implementation we provide some experimental results of nominal OS-NMA usage. Its advantages and disadvantages are evaluated for challenging use-cases as well as for spoofing, jamming, and signal shortage scenarios. It was concluded that the biggest constrains of OS-NMA reside on the delayed authentication. The time to first authenticated fix (TTFAF) from a cold-start of the decoder as well as the time to first alert in case of a spoofing attack will limit the application cases for OS-NMA. However, OS-NMA provides a good practical protection against most common signal forgery at low implementation cost.
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GNSS vulnerabilities have become evident in the last decade. Authentication of the GNSS signals and data can be an important building block contributing to mitigating these vulnerabilities. This paper presents a Navigation Message Authentication (NMA) scheme based on the Timed Efficient Stream Loss-tolerant Authentication (TESLA) protocol and a novel concept based on a single one-way chain for all senders and cross-authentication. The paper presents an NMA implementation in the Galileo Open Service (OS) navigation message that should provide similar navigation performance to data-authenticated users and standard non-authenticated users in terms of time to first fix, accuracy and availability even in difficult reception conditions. The proposal also maintains a high level of signal unpredictability to help receivers protect against replay attacks. The scheme and implementation proposed yield significant improvements compared to the state of the art, offering the opportunity for Galileo to become the reference GNSS in civil navigation authentication.
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This paper presents the architecture, core technologies, system development, and setup of the BaSE Galileo PRS receiver. The receiver is capable of processing Galileo E1/E6 PRS signals with broad bandwidth. In particular, its hard- and software receiver components are presented and a robust tracking method of the BOCc-modulated PRS signals is discussed. Finally it is shown how an effective suppression of jamming and interference is achieved by combining different approaches like application of an adaptive, two frequency antenna array with a post-correlation beamforming, and a robust PVT solution with multi-frequency RAIM.
Conference Paper
Das Ziel des Forschungsprojektes "HALI Berlin" ist es eine Einsatzwagenbevorrechtigung entlang dynamischer LSA-Routen auf Basis des Europäischen Satellitennavigationssystems Galileo und des PRS-Dienstes (Public Regulated Service) unter den realen Bedingungen eines komplexen, innerstädtischen Testfeldes zu demonstrieren. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Einblick in den Arbeitsstand des Forschungsprojektes.
HALI Berlin - Bevorrechtigung von Sondereinsatzfahrzeugen an Lichtsignalanlagen mit Galileo PRS
  • R Nippold
  • R Oertel
  • N Dütsch
  • M Overbeck
  • A Rügamer
  • J Schuster
Multi-GNSS hardware accelerator chip
  • F Garzia
  • S Egerer
  • M Saad
  • S Urquijo
  • A Rügamer
  • M Overbeck
Garzia, F., Egerer, S., Saad, M., Urquijo, S., Rügamer, A., Overbeck, M., Felber, W., "Multi-GNSS hardware accelerator chip, " Proceedings of the International Conference on Localization and GNSS (ICL-GNSS) 2019, Nuremberg, Germany, June 2019
  • R Nippold
  • R Oertel
  • N Dütsch
  • M Overbeck
  • A Rügamer
  • J Schuster
  • R Weigel
  • A Waelkens
Nippold, R., Oertel, R., Dütsch, N., Overbeck, M., Rügamer, A., Schuster, J., Weigel, R., Waelkens, A., "HALI Berlin -Bevorrechtigung von Sondereinsatzfahrzeugen an Lichtsignalanlagen mit Galileo PRS", DGON POSNAV 2018, Berlin, Germany, November 2018
Multi-GNSS hardware accelerator chip
  • garzia