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New Records of Fish Species from the Coast of Luanda, Angola

Authors:
Vânia Baptista at Centro de Ciências do Mar
Vânia Baptista
João Encarnação at Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR) - University of Algarve
João Encarnação
  • Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR) - University of Algarve
Ester A Serrao at University of Algarve
Ester A Serrao
Peter Wirtz at Independent Researcher
Peter Wirtz
  • Independent Researcher
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Abstract and Figures

The coastal waters of Angola support a rich and diverse fauna. However, the ichthyofauna of the region is poorly known; the only fish species studied in detail are those with commercial importance. The main objective of the present study is to report the presence of several fish species for the first time from the coast of Angola. The records were made during a survey in the coastal area of Luanda Island. Species were identified based on photographs taken during SCUBA diving surveys. In the present study, we report for the first time the occurrence of seven fish species in the Angolan region, belonging to six families: Pomacanthidae (Guinean angelfish Holacanthus africanus), Pomacentridae (African sergeant Abudefduf hoefleri), Labridae (Guinean rainbow wrasse Coris atlantica and Newton’s wrasse Thalassoma newtoni), Scaridae (Guinean parrotfish Scarus hoefleri), Blenniidae (oyster blenny Hypleurochilus aequipinnis), and Tetraodontidae (sharpnose-puffer Canthigaster capistrata). These records from Luanda Island are the southernmost known for the species reported here.
Study area near Luanda Island, Angola. Maps retrieved from Google Earth
Study area near Luanda Island, Angola. Maps retrieved from Google Earth
… 
Holacanthus africanus Cadenat, 1951 identified in Dive #1 and Dive #2 near Luanda Island (Angola). (a) The original photograph of a juvenile H. africanus and (b) main characters used in the identification: 1 – orange caudal fin and snout; 2 – dark spot beyond the pectoral-fin base; 3 – vertical whitish band. (c) The original photograph of an adult H. africanus and (d) main characters used in the identification: 1 – three large bands alternatively brownish, yellowish whitish and brownish; 2 – dark spot beyond the pectoral-fin base. Photo credits: João Encarnação
Holacanthus africanus Cadenat, 1951 identified in Dive #1 and Dive #2 near Luanda Island (Angola). (a) The original photograph of a juvenile H. africanus and (b) main characters used in the identification: 1 – orange caudal fin and snout; 2 – dark spot beyond the pectoral-fin base; 3 – vertical whitish band. (c) The original photograph of an adult H. africanus and (d) main characters used in the identification: 1 – three large bands alternatively brownish, yellowish whitish and brownish; 2 – dark spot beyond the pectoral-fin base. Photo credits: João Encarnação
… 
Abudefduf hoefleri Steindachner, 1881 identified in Dive #1 near Luanda Island (Angola). (a) The original photograph of an adult male A. hoefleri and (b) main characters used in the identification: 1 – darker snout; 2 – four darker vertical lines. Photo credits: João Encarnação
Abudefduf hoefleri Steindachner, 1881 identified in Dive #1 near Luanda Island (Angola). (a) The original photograph of an adult male A. hoefleri and (b) main characters used in the identification: 1 – darker snout; 2 – four darker vertical lines. Photo credits: João Encarnação
… 
Coris atlantica Günther, 1862 identified in Dive #1 and Dive #3 near Luanda Island (Angola). (a) The original photograph of a shoal of juveniles C. atlantica and (b) main characters used in the identification: 1 – distinctive dorsal white stripe between the snout and the base of the caudal fin; 2 – two additional fainted stripes on the lower half of the body. (c) The original photograph of an adult C. atlantica and (d) main characters used in the identification: 1 – irregular colour-pattern with green spots forming two main longitudinal lines on a pinkish-brown background; 2 – caudal fin with bluish patterns. Photo credits: João Encarnação
Coris atlantica Günther, 1862 identified in Dive #1 and Dive #3 near Luanda Island (Angola). (a) The original photograph of a shoal of juveniles C. atlantica and (b) main characters used in the identification: 1 – distinctive dorsal white stripe between the snout and the base of the caudal fin; 2 – two additional fainted stripes on the lower half of the body. (c) The original photograph of an adult C. atlantica and (d) main characters used in the identification: 1 – irregular colour-pattern with green spots forming two main longitudinal lines on a pinkish-brown background; 2 – caudal fin with bluish patterns. Photo credits: João Encarnação
… 
Thalassoma newtoni Osório, 1891 identified in Dive #1, #2 and #3 near Luanda Island (Angola). (a) The original photograph of one male and several females of T. newtoni and (b) main characters used in the identification: 1 – yellow girdle; 2 – blue reticulate pattern on the head; 3 – dark vertical stripes; 4 – females with horizontal brown and yellow bands. Photo credits: João Encarnação
+3
Thalassoma newtoni Osório, 1891 identified in Dive #1, #2 and #3 near Luanda Island (Angola). (a) The original photograph of one male and several females of T. newtoni and (b) main characters used in the identification: 1 – yellow girdle; 2 – blue reticulate pattern on the head; 3 – dark vertical stripes; 4 – females with horizontal brown and yellow bands. Photo credits: João Encarnação
… 
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New Records of Fish Species from the Coast of Luanda, Angola
Vânia Baptista
1
&João Encarnação
1
&Ester A. Serrão
1
&Peter Wirtz
1
&Lueji Barros Pestana
2
&Silvana Faria
3
&
Maria Alexandra Teodósio
1
Received: 30 October 2020 / Revised: 26 February 2021 / Accepted: 2 March 2021
#The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
Abstract
The coastal waters of Angolasupport a rich and diverse fauna. However, the ichthyofauna of the region ispoorly known; the only
fish species studied in detail are those with commercial importance. The main objective of the present study is to report the
presence of several fish species for the first time from the coast of Angola. The records were made during a survey in the coastal
area of Luanda Island. Species were identified based on photographs taken during SCUBA diving surveys. In the present study,
we report for the first time the occurrence of seven fish species in the Angolan region, belonging to six families: Pomacanthidae
(Guinean angelfish Holacanthus africanus), Pomacentridae (African sergeant Abudefduf hoefleri), Labridae (Guinean rainbow
wrasse Coris atlantica and Newton’swrasseThalassoma newtoni), Scaridae (Guinean parrotfish Scarus hoefleri), Blenniidae
(oyster blenny Hypleurochilus aequipinnis), and Tetraodontidae (sharpnose-puffer Canthigaster capistrata). These records from
Luanda Island are the southernmost known for the species reported here.
Keywords Eastern Atlantic .Africa .Luanda Island .Ichthyofauna .Range extension
Introduction
The Angolan coastline, in the South-East Atlantic Ocean, ex-
tends over1600 km, from 5°S to 17°20ʹS (Bianchi 1992;
Tchipalanga et al. 2018). Two oceanographic regimes are pre-
dominant in the Angolan region. The southward-flowing
Angola Current is oxygen-saturated, warm, and highly saline,
with nutrient-poor conditions and an equatorial origin,
influencing the northern coastal waters of Angola (Lass et al.
2000). The Benguela Current is an oxygen-depleted, cold, less
saline and upwelled nutrient-rich water mass, coming from the
south with a north-westerly direction (Lass et al. 2000;Lin
and Chen 2002). The Benguela upwelling system, one of the
major upwelling systems of the world, extends from South
Africa to Angola (Shannon and Nelson 1996). At about
16°S, the Angola-Benguela Front (ABF) represents a sharp,
yet highly variable thermal front, separating at the surface
tropical, oligotrophic waters in the north from cold waters,
enriched in nutrients by upwelling in the south (Lass et al.
2000;Mohrholzetal.2008).
The Angolan waters support a rich and diverse fauna
(Tweddle and Anderson 2008). Fish species are key element
in these specific ecosystems, linking different levels in these
rich trophic webs, while also supporting fisheries. However,
the ichthyofauna of the coastal Angolan region is still poorly
known. The surveys carried out since 1985 under the Nansen
Programme studied only oceanic ichthyofauna. Trawl (e.g.,
Bianchi 1986; Kilongo et al. 2007; Tweddle and Anderson
2008) and acoustic fish census dominated the surveys design
and data collection in this region (Zaera et al. 2012;Axelsen
and Johnsen 2015). Bianchi (1986) developed a field guide for
the identification of commercial fish species in Angola.
Luanda is one of the most rapidly growing African cities.
The seasonality and characteristics of the water in this coastal
area are dominated by the warm Angola Current (Lass et al.
2000). Luanda Bay is the second largest bay in Angola, a
semi-enclosed body of saline water, located in front of
Luanda city, protected by Luanda Island and limited in the
North by the harbour of Luanda City (Leitão et al. 2016).
Multiple anthropogenic pressures are threatening the ecosys-
tem: solid waste, domestic wastewaters, and industrial efflu-
ents without treatment are released daily into the nearshore
*Vânia Baptista
vcbaptista@ualg.pt
1
CCMAR –Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve,
Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
2
Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade
Agostinho Neto, Avenida 4 de Fevereiro, 71, 4° andar,
Luanda, Angola
3
INIPM –Instituto Nacional de Investigação Pesqueira e Marinha,
Rua Mortala Mohamed, Ilha de Luanda, Luanda, Angola
https://doi.org/10.1007/s41208-021-00297-1
/ Published online: 12 March 2021
Thalassas: An International Journal of Marine Sciences (2021) 37:803–811
Content courtesy of Springer Nature, terms of use apply. Rights reserved.
... Likewise, relevant distribution records may be hidden in such collections. This is the case of the fishes Holacanthus africanus Cadenat, 1951 andScarus hoefleri Steindachner, 1881, represented in the Angolan collection, but only recently reported for the country (Baptista et al. 2021). ...
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... Luanda Bay is the second largest coastal bay in Angola with an area of approximately 29 km 2 with an average depth of 3-6 m and is characterised by being a semi-enclosed body of saline water. This postcard of Luanda city is protected by Luanda Island, and contain in its area a commercial harbour, a refinery, a fuel station, cargo terminals, and a naval base that contribute to water pollution (Leitão, Santos & Boaventura, 2016;Baptista et al., 2021). Despite the multiple anthropogenic pressures that are threatening Luanda Bay (e.g., solid waste, domestic wastewater, and industrial effluents without treatment , this ecosystem works as an area for growth, recruitment and feeding for many species of fish, crustaceans, bivalve molluscs, cephalopods, etc., as well as for livelihood and income for the local fishing communities (Cox, 2013). ...
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... Luanda Bay, a semi-enclosed body of saline water, is located on the Luanda providence, northern coast of Angola ( Figure 1). This postcard of Luanda City is protected by Luanda Island, and contain in its area a commercial harbour, a refinery, a fuel station, cargo terminals, and a naval base that contributes to water pollution (Leitão, Santos & Boaventura, 2016;Baptista et al., 2021). Despite the multiple anthropogenic pressures that are threatening Luanda Bay (e.g., solid waste, domestic wastewater, and industrial effluents without treatment; Leitão et al., 2016), this ecosystem works as an area for growth, recruitment and feeding for many species of fish, crustaceans, bivalve molluscs, cephalopods, etc., as well as for livelihood and income for the local fishing communities (Cox, 2013). ...
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