The effect of priming and extrinsic motivation on attention: Cognitive quasi-experimental study

Full text

© 2019 Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry | Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow 285
FP 1: Experimental study to assess the eect
of multigrain panjiri dietary supplementation
on haemoglobin level and body mass index
in anorexia nervosa underweight women of
Chhattisgarh
Reena Barai
PT. Ravi Shankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India. E‑mail:
reenasaritbarai@gmail.com
Introduction: Anorexia Nervosa is an eating disorder
characterizedby refusal tomaintain a healthybody weight
& an obsessive fear of gaining weight. that is, it involves
self‑starvation.the body is deniedthatessential nutrients it
needs to function normally, so it is forced to slow down
all of its processes to consume energy. this slowing down
canhave serious medical consequences. it occurs mainly in
youngwomenfromageof 15‑24andisdenedasaloss of
extreme weight through dieting. the person suering from
anorexia nervosa will eat very less, often actually making
themselves sick after eating or use laxative in striving
towards losing weight. Aims and Objectives: The aim of
thepresentstudywastoassesstheimpactofsoyamultigrain
panjiri dietary supplementation on haemoglobin level
and body mass index of anorexia nervosa underweight
women. Methodology: 200 anorexia nervosa women
between 19 to 25 years of age from Govt. Dr.BRAM
hospital Raipur, Chhattisgarh were selected as sample.
The inclusion criteria for selection of subjects was NIN
classication for anaemia and WHO classication of BMI
calculation. Cyanmethaemoglobin method was used for
estimation of haemoglobin. There 80 women were found
to be under anaemia. To full the objectives of the study
two groups were created with equal number of subjects in
both the groups. The experimental group received dietary
supplementation in the form of multigrain panjiri for three
months while subjects belonging to control group were
not supplemented the additional soya multigrain panjiri.
Results: Results reveal that after the completion of study
period more percentage of selected women from anorexia
nervosa underweight women experimental group had
normalhaemoglobinlevelsascomparedtotheircounterpart
i.e. belonging to control group. Height and weight of
these subjects with the help of standard procedures. After
calculatingBMI,Theanorexianervosa underweightwomen
belonging to experimental group were supplemented with
soya multigrain panjiri for a period of three months. The
anthropometricparameterweightwasagainreassessedafter
three months. Pre‑post test frequency distribution revealed
thatafter supplementation 30%subjects from experimental
group were classied into normal weight categories while
only 5% subjects from control group were classied into
normal weight category. Conclusion: It was concluded
that addition of dietary supplementation in form of soya
multigrain panjiri is an eective measure to enhance the
nutritionalstatusofanorexianervosaunderweightwomen.
Keywords: Anaemia, anorexia nervosa underweight
women,BMI, cyanmet haemoglobin, multigrain panjiri
FP 2: Stigma among patients with epilepsy
Yogender Malik, S. K. Mattoo, Sandeep Grover,
Parampreet Singh1
Departments of Psychiatry and 1Neurology, PGIMER, Chandigarh,
India. E‑mail: yogendermalik187gmail.com
Background: Epilepsy isachronicmedical condition with
signicant psychosocial consequences including “stigma”.
Although data is available from other parts of the globe,
there is scant research on this social issue especially from
India. Aim: To measure internalised stigma in patients
with idiopathic epilepsy. Methods: 120 patients with
idiopathic epilepsy were assessed on Internalized Stigma
scale (Hindi version) and MINI Plus. Results: One‑sixth
(16.7%) of the patients scored above the cut‑o for being
labelled as having internalised stigma. Internalized Stigma
washighestforthedomainofresistance (70.8%), followed
by the domains of stereotype endorsement (26.7%), social
withdrawal(23.3%), alienation (20.8 %)anddiscrimination
experience (19.2%). Internalised sigma towards epilepsy
was higher among those with psychiatric co morbidity,
compared to those without psychiatric co morbidity.
Higher stigma was signicantly correlated with lower
socioeconomic status and poor educational prole and
numbers of episodes in last 6 months. Presence of stigma
as assessed by ISMIS scale (all the domains and total
score) was associated with poor quality of life in all the
domains. Conclusion: Higher Internalised stigma among
patients with epilepsy is associated with psychiatric co
morbidityand poor quality of life.
Keywords: Idiopathic epilepsy, stigma, psychiatric
disorders
FP 3: Perceived social support and psychological
problems of spouses with alcohol dependence
patients
Narendra Kumar Singh, Nishant Goyal1
Departments of Psychiatric Social Work and 1Psychiatry, Central Institute
of Psychiatry, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India.
E‑mail: narendrapsw@gmail.com
Introduction: Alcohol dependence has a signicant
impact on public health in India. Factors like perceived
social support and psychological distress of spouses of
alcohol addicted people may have implications on the
course and outcome of illness. Aim and Objectives: This
study aimed to examine the perceived social support and
psychological problems of the spouses of the patients with
FREE PAPERS (ORAL PAPERS AND POSTERS)
[Downloaded free from http://www.indjsp.org on Friday, March 12, 2021, IP: 49.207.196.36]

Abstract
Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry | Volume 35 | Issue 4 | October-December 2019286
alcohol dependence. Materials and Methods: It was a
cross sectional, hospital based study and the sample was
selected by purposively. This study included 200 spouses
(100 spouses of the patients diagnosed with alcohol
dependence syndrome as per ICD ‑10 and 100 spouses of
the normal individuals). Social Support Questionnaire and
General Health Questionnaire–28 were applied on all the
participants (spouses) for the assessment of social support
and psychological problems. Results and Conclusion:
Spouses of the patients with alcohol dependence were
having lower social support and more psychological
problemsascomparedtospousesofthenormal individuals.
Keywords: Alcohol dependence, social support and
psychologicaldistress
FP 4: The eect of priming and extrinsic
motivation on attention: Cognitive quasi‑
experimental study
Santona Panda, Cathlyn Niranjana Bennett
Christ (Deemed to be) University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. E‑mail:
cathlyn.niranjana@christuniversity.in
Introduction: Attention is a process of focusing on
a stimulus which forms the basis of higher cognitive
processing. In a study by Daniel Kahneman (1973) it was
found that arousal and state of alertness is dependent on
allocation policy which gives way to consider motivation
as a variable. Another model by Anne Triesman (1960)
focuses on characteristics such as physical properties,
linguistic and semantic feature. Another closely linked
concept to attention is priming which refers to a process
where exposure to a prior stimulus inuences the
subsequent stimuli operation. Taking these two variables
such as priming and extrinsic motivation, an experimental
study is designed to study their eect on attention as well
as to compare the performance and inuence of each
of the variable on the task. This gives a comparative
analysis as to which of the two variables is favorable for
attention.Aims and Objective: The aim ofthe study isto
evaluate the inuence of priming and extrinsic motivation
(independently and together) on attention. Methodology:
It is a quantitative study following an experimental setup.
Using non probability sampling the sample were chosen
from the population. The total sample size was 120 ,
participants were equally distributed among 4 groups with
each group having 30 members .The four groups were
No condition group, Only Priming group ,Only Extrinsic
motivation group and Priming and Extrinsic motivation
group. The experiment included self designed stimulus.
Therst stimuli includesa video for3minutes that isused
for the priming group and the second stimuli includes
16 pictures presented in a grid format with targets and
distracters. All the stimuli were presented with the help
of a computer. Results: Initially the normality test was
carried out. The value being less than 0.05 and even after
using log transformation not being able get the value over
0.05, non parametric test was used. In order to check for
the association between the variable the non parametric
versionofANOVAthat is KruskalWallisH test wasused.
The results generated were discussed in accordance with
the 8 hypothesis that were generated using the test on
the variable. The distribution of Green Nature (Primed)
items were dierent across all the group with a p value
of 0.002 and upon carrying out the post Hoc test it was
found out the primed group contributed to the dierence
thus leading to the acceptance of rst hypothesis that is
priming has an eect on attention. In case of the second
hypothesis that is extrinsic motivation has an eect on
attention gets rejected as the total distribution of item
even though had a signicant result of 0.006, the post hoc
accounted this for the dierence between Priming and
Priming and extrinsic motivation group. And the scores
else where in the hypothesis generated accounted the
sameas that ofno condition group leadingto the rejection
of the hypothesis. Due to the same signicant level of
dierence where distribution of items were dierent for
dierent group with a p value of that of 0.006 accounted
by the priming and extrinsic motivation group in the post
Hoc analysis leads to the acceptance that the interaction
betweenpriming and extrinsic motivation has an impact on
attention. Conclusion: Therefore priming has an eect on
attentionbut extrinsic motivation alonedoesnot contribute
muchto it. Whereasboth priming and extrinsicmotivation
haveagreaterimpactonattention.Theimplicationofsuch
ndings could be used in classroom settings, treatment
modicationforADHDandinneuromarketing.
Keywords:ADHD, attention,experimental study,extrinsic
motivation,priming
FP 5: Cognition in late life depression
Saloni, A. Q. Jilani, A. Agrawal, S. B. Gupta, R. Sinha
Department of Psychiatry, Eras Lucknow Medical College, Lucknow,
Uttar Pradesh, India. E‑mail: sonusaloni1011@gmail.com
Introduction: Cognitive impairment may be part of aging
as an independent phenomenon or may as a subset of
depressive phenomenology in late life depression. These
symptomsvary from decits in executive function (problem
solving, decision making, and judgment), memory, and
attentionto their daily activities.It has been seenthatthese
decits can occur before, during, or after a depressive
episode and may serve in older adults as a precipitating
factor to subsequent depression. These cognitive
symptoms may persist for long time even after remission
of depression; and the residual cognitive symptoms also
act as a predictor of poor outcomes in depression. Hence,
for complete functional recovery, cognitive impairment
shouldbeaddressed.Realizingtheimportanceofassociated
cognitive decits, the present study aimed to explore
the cognitive aspects of late life depression, as there is
dearth of information regarding same from our country.
[Downloaded free from http://www.indjsp.org on Friday, March 12, 2021, IP: 49.207.196.36]

Abstract
Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry | Volume 35 | Issue 4 | October-December 2019 287
Aim: Toassesscognitioninlatelifedepressionandevaluate
the severity of depression, anxiety and cognitive score.
Method: This is a cross‑sectional, single point assessment
study,including40patientsaged>45 years,visitingoutdoor
of Era’s Lucknow Medical College, Lucknow. The cases
werehaving theirrstepisodeofdepression after theageof
45years as per criteria ofDSM‑V.HAM‑D , HAM‑A, and
HMSE were applied to assess the severity of depression,
anxiety and the cognitive score. Results and Conclusion:
The results indicate the negative correlation between
severityof depression and cognitive decits.
Keywords:Cognition,depression, severity
FP 6: Eective use of social media platforms for
promotion of mental health awareness
K. Latha, K. S. Meena, S. K. Chaturvedi,
Madhuporna Dasgupta
Department of Mental Health Education, NIMHANS, Bengaluru,
Karnataka, India. E‑mail: latha12k@gmail.com
Introduction: Use of social media has become a part
of everyday life for over a large mass of the population.
According to studies around 197 million people in India
are active social media users. Social Media platforms
are progressively developing as a rich source of mass
communication. Increasing Mental Health awareness
with the help of social media can be a good initiative to
reach a large number of people in a short time frame.
Aims and Objectives: To understand the usefulness of
social media platforms to host mental health campaigns.
Methodology: This qualitative study describes 3 series of
socialmediacampaignsin the eld of mentalhealth which
were observed over a year with an objective of reaching
morepeoplethrough social media for eectiveinformation
dissemination with respect to mental health: 1. The
Buddiesfor Suicide Preventionwas an onlinecampaign to
create awareness about suicide prevention. The campaign
included‑script writing, slogan writing, poster making
and short lms making. 2. The #Iquit tobacco was a 21
days campaign with an idea of tobacco cessation in the
community. 3. #Migrainethepainfultruth was yet another
campaign educating people the myths and facts about
migraine.Allthe campaigns wereconductedintwofamous
social media platforms commonly used by young adults.
Results:The Facebook andInstagrampostswithrespectto
all the campaigns brought about a considerable amount of
reach to the targeted population. After the campaigns the
page reached to around 10.3k people (Both fans and non‑
fans). Conclusion: Use of social media to conduct mental
healthcampaigns is aneectiveinitiative as onecanreach
out to a number of people in a short span of time. With
thehelp of technology participants couldvirtuallybeapart
of the campaign easily.There is an increasing trend in the
awareness towards mental health with the eective use of
digitalmedia as a platform for disseminating information.
Keywords: Awareness, mental health campaign, social
media
FP 7: Acceptance and commitment therapy in
hallucinations: A case report
Archana Kashyap, Aarzoo Gupta, Ajeet Sidana
Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College and Hospital,
Chandigarh, India. E‑mail: archana.kashyap@gmail.com
Introduction: Acceptance and commitment therapy
(ACT) represents a new generation of behavior therapies.
Traditional psychotherapies like Behavior therapy and
cognitive behavior therapy have proved its role in
dysfunction and delusions. In addition, there are therapies
as adjunct interventions in psychosis with encouraging
outcome. ACT using a relational framework theory,
modies the relationship with private experiences
(hallucinations). Aims and Objectives: To study outcome
of ACT in psychosis.The objective was diusion of real
auditory stimuli and hallucinations to reduce distress
and improve functioning. Methodology: Index case was
presented with chief complaints of auditory hallucinations
with 9 years of duration of illness. The other features
were depressive symptoms, rumination and signicant
occupational dysfunction. Clinical interview revealing
signicant distress, dissatisfaction and dysfunction
due to hallucinations, in spite being compliant to
pharmacotherapy. To address the plateau in response to
treatment, psychotherapy (ACT) was planned. The pre‑
post case design was used to assess outcome on Brief
psychiatric rating scale (BPRS), Acceptance and Action
Questionnaire‑revised (AAQ‑R); and WHO (Five) Well
Being Index. Therapeutic management aimed at social as
wellasoccupational functioning and auditory hallucination
through core ACT processes.The psychotherapy has been
continuedfor last 7 months andcurrently termination isin
progress. Results: There has been signicant improvement
in level of functioning and decreased distress related to
hallucinations as well as side‑eects in 14 sessions, where
12weekly sessionsand2booster sessions havebeentaken.
Conclusion: The case reports highlight role of diusion
and acceptance, as core ACT processes in bringing the
outcomeof using ACT in patientswith hallucination. ACT
mightbeusefulin patientsreportingauditory hallucinations
inpsychotic illnesses.
Keywords: Acceptance and commitment therapy,
hallucination,psychosis
FP 8: Perceived stigma in female opioid users
and their family members: A cross sectional
comparative study
Verma Kamini, Mandal Piyali, Mongia Monica,
Ambekar Atul
Department of Psychiatry and NDDTC, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India. E‑mail: atul.ambekar@gmail.com
[Downloaded free from http://www.indjsp.org on Friday, March 12, 2021, IP: 49.207.196.36]

Abstract
Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry | Volume 35 | Issue 4 | October-December 2019288
Introduction: Stigma associated with substance use poses
considerable burden on the patient as well as family
members, more so in female substance users. Experience
ofthesameprejudiceanddiscriminationas the stigmatised
individual leads to psychological distress and diminished
quality of life of caregivers which may further hinder
treatment seeking. Aims and Objectives: To compare
Perceived stigma in female opioid dependent patientsand
their husbandsand also to measure Aliate stigma
among husbands of women seeking treatment for opioid
use disorder. Methodology: This is a cross sectional,
comparative, observational study. Sample consisted of 40
(20in each group) femaleopioid dependentpatients(asper
ICD10) seeking treatment at a tertiary addiction treatment
centre and their husbands. After applying exclusion and
inclusion criteria participants were assessed using a semi‑
structured questionnaire (Socio‑demographic), perceived
stigma of substance abuse scale (PSAS) Aliate stigma
scale (ASS). Results: Nine females( 45%) were primarily
using inj. pentazocine followed by smack and tablet
tramadol. Mean duration of opioid use was 5.75 ±4.09
years.The perceived stigma of substance use was higher in
thehusbandsas compared to thefemaleusers (3.48 ± 0.36
vs 3.762± 0.28, p=0.01). No signicant correlation was
observedbetween anyofsocio‑demographicvariables (age,
years of schooling) and the perceived stigma in both the
groups (p˃0.05)The aliate stigma measured in husbands
of women susbatnce user was 72.82 ±8.0, which is very
high ( maximum score on ASS is88). Conclusion: This
nding contributes to better understanding of increased
stigmatization in female substance using population and
specially from their close ties like husbands which leads
todelay intreatment seeking andunderscores the needfor
involvingfamily members in treatment.
Keywords:Familymember,opioiduse,stigma,women
FP 9: Eect of a mindfulness based intervention
on stress and mindfulness among primary
caregivers of patients with alcohol dependence
syndrome
Ambily Joy, Renju Sussan Baby, N. A. Sheela Shenai
M.O.S.C College of Nursing, Kolenchery, India.
E‑mail: ambilympj@gmal.com
Introduction: Alcoholism is considered as an ongoing
stressor, not only for the individual, but also for the
familymembers and aects their physical, emotional,
psychological and social wellbeing. Alcohol abuse
isassociated with an increased risk of committing criminal
oences against family members includingdomestic
violence, marital conict, divorce, assault, child neglect
and abuse etc. Majority of wives of patients with alcohol
dependencesyndromehadseverepsychological(33.3%)and
social (46.4%) problems. Mindfulness based intervention
is one of the relaxation techniques that has found to
beeective in improving physical health and overall
mental health by reducing stress, decreasing anxietyand
depression. Methods: Research approach‑ quantitative
research approach Research design‑pre experimental with
one group pretestpost test design Settings‑inpatient unit of
MMM de‑addition centre, Kolenchery Population‑ primary
caregivers of patients with ADSSample and sampling
technique ‑36 subjects and total enumerative sampling
method. Tool‑socio demographic performa, was developed
byresearcher,perceived stress scaleby cohenetal,ve‑facet
mindfulness questionnaire by baeretal. Results: Out of
83.3% of subjects were experiencing moderate stress and
16.7% of subjects were experiencinghigh stress before the
intervention. There was signicant reduction in the mean
pss score (md= 7.5) aftermindfulness based intervention.
There was signicant reduction in the level of stress
among the subjectsafter mindfulness based intervention
(t=‑ 13.74 p=0.001). There was signicant increase in the
meanmindfulness score (md= ‑28.2) after mindfulness
based intervention. There was signicant improvementin
the mindfulness among the subjects after mindfulness
based intervention (t=‑11.08 p=0.001). Nosignicant
correlation was found between stress and mindfulness (r=
‑0.001 p=0.9). Conclusion: Mindful based intervention
signicantly stronger reductions of perceived stress and
vitalexhaustion and stronger elevations of positive aect,
qualityof life,as well as mindfulness.
Keywords: Alcohol dependence syndrome, caregivers,
mindfulness
FP 10: Socio-demographic and clinical prole
of patients of relapse in substance use disorder
seeking treatment‑a hospital based study
Sasanka Kumar Kakati
Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India. E‑mail:
sasanka4urocks@gmail.com
Introduction: Substance use disorders are chronic,
relapsing disorders, which aect various aspects of
physical, psychological and socio‑occupational functioning.
Relapseis denedasthereoccurrence,upondiscontinuation
of an eective medical treatment,of the original condition
from which the patient suered. The changes in substance
used is orders are seen interms of availability, choice
of psychoactive drugusers, and their socio‑demographic
characteristics. Aims and Objectives: Toaccessthesocio‑
demographicvariables in patientsof substanceuse disorders
who have relapsed. Methodology: This study has been
conductedinthedepartment of psychiatry,GauhatiMedical
CollegeandHospital,Guwahati.Thetimeperiodofthestudy
extended from 1st July 2018 to 30th June 2019. The study
has been approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee
of Sankardeva University, Guwahati.The sample size was
50. Results: In the present study, majority of the subjects
were in the age group of 21‑ 30 years (34%), and 31‑40
[Downloaded free from http://www.indjsp.org on Friday, March 12, 2021, IP: 49.207.196.36]

Abstract
Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry | Volume 35 | Issue 4 | October-December 2019 289
years (34%). We also found that majority (84%) of relapse
patients were males and, 78% had low level of education.
The sample was mostly from the Urban background and
68% were Hindus. Around 70% were single. Conclusion:
Thepresent study analysesthe socio‑demographicvariables
of patients, which can help us nd those who are more
vulnerableto relapse in substance use disorders.
Keywords:Relapse,substance use disorders
FP 11: “An ode to scarred faces”: A qualitative
study to explore the experiences of female acid
attack survivors living with facial disability
working in a selected NGO of Delhi
Priya Dagar
Delhi University, New Delhi, India.
E‑mail: misspriyadagar@gmail.com
Introduction: Having your face disgured and burned in a
matterof seconds isnot what anywomen has inmind as a
consequence when they refuse to go on a date with a man.
It exerts traumatic eects on lives of women regardless of
theirculture, religion, socio‑politicalbackgroundorcountry.
Aims and Objectives: The purpose of the study is to
investigate how acid attack survivors view their lives after
having facial disability and to address the socio ‑cultural
taboos associated with facial disability. Methodology:
Researchapproach ‑ qualitativeapproach,Researchdesign‑
phenomenologicaldesign,Setting‑selectedNGO,population
‑female acid attacksurvivors with facialdisability,Sample
‑femaleacidattacksurvivors who are in collaboration with
a selected NGO, Sampling technique ‑ purposive sampling,
Samplesize‑tilldatasaturationisachieved,Datacollection
tool‑ in depth interview guide, Data analysis‑ thematic
analysis. Results: The scars left by acid may seems to be
mainly physical in nature however, the trauma, disabilities
and disgurements that they cause may also result in
negative psychological consequences (i.e. psychological
breakdowns, identity crisis, anxiety, depression, post‑
traumatic stress disorders), stigma and rejection from the
community and society. However, there is no adequate
planningby government to reduce theproblems of victims.
Thefemale acid attacksurvivorslivingwithfacial disability
havetolosetheir jobs and toface discriminationin society.
Mostlyunmarried females remained bachelors. Conclusion:
On the basis of predicted results it was recommended that
government should improve in police and the legal system
to control such incidents. Change should begin at home to
encourage such females to live a routine life, media should
play its eective role to educate the society about their
behaviorwithsuchfemales,andgovernmentshoulddevelop
adequatehealthcarecentersforfreetreatmentandthetrails
should be speedy and heavy punishment will be given to
thecriminalsto reduce the rate of such incidents in society.
Keywords: Acid attack, discrimination, facial disability,
trauma
FP 12: A clinical study to assess the personality
proles in patients of substance use disorder
Amlanjyoti Deb
Department of Psychiatry, Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati, Assam,
India. E‑mail: ammysmailbox.dr@gmail.com
Introduction: Ithasbeenseenthatpersonalityofindividuals
hasadirectrelationshipwiththeirsubstanceabusebehaviour
so that it inuences and predisposes them into falling a
prey to the vicious habit of substance abuse from which
escape becomes utterly dicult. Since there is a dearth of
adequate number of works to study the personality proles
of such individuals of substance use disorder, more so in
thispartofthecountry,itwasfoundapttocarryoutastudy
in this regard. Aims and Objectives: To study the socio‑
demographic prole of patients diagnosed with substance
use disorder, to assess the personality prole of patients
with substance use disorder and to study the relationship
of various substances of abuse with the socio‑demographic
variables of the patients. Methodology: Study period:
September,2018toaugust, 2019,studytype:cross‑sectional,
sample size: 80, tools used: semi‑structured proforma
for socio‑demographic prole of participants, icd‑10, 6pf
questionnaire(forma). Statistical Analysis: Descriptive and
inferentialstatistics.Ethicalclearance was obtained from the
InstitutionalEthicsCommittee. Results: In the study sample
of80 patients,moreparticipantsscoredhighly for FactorsA,
B, E, F, H, I, L, M, N, O, Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 whereas for
FactorG, low scoreswere obtained. Signicancewas found
between all parameters of socio‑demographic data that were
included in the semi‑structured proforma with substance
use behavior except for the parameter, family history of
psychiatric illness. Conclusion: The study provides an
interesting insight into the personality proles of substance
use disorder patients which may be applied into creating
more wholesome approaches into the treatment of such
individuals.
Keywords:16PF,personality,substanceusedisorders
FP 13: Short term impact on knowledge, attitude,
and practice in mental health and substanceuse
disorder among general practitioners enrolled in
nimhans digital academy fromodisha
Prashant Sahu, Sumit Kumar Durgoji, G. Aurobind,
Prabhat Chand, Pratima Murthy
E‑mail: prashant@vknnimhans.in
Background: There is a signicant treatment gap for
mental health and substance use disorders. Odisha has
a population of 41974218, and estimated psychiatric
disorders of 2800000, for which there are only 25
psychiatrists (including private) (Murthy et al., 2016).
Thereis thus an urgent need to build capacitytobridgethe
treatment gap. A technology‑enabled training was initiated
by NIMHANS Digital Academy between Mid‑January‑
[Downloaded free from http://www.indjsp.org on Friday, March 12, 2021, IP: 49.207.196.36]

Abstract
Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry | Volume 35 | Issue 4 | October-December 2019290
MidApril 2019. Forty‑sevenGovernment Medical Ocers
from various underserved areas of Odisha State joined in
the Hub and spokes model through a simple multipoint
video conference facility. It consists of 10 hours of
synchronous (live) session with a brief didactic along with
20hrs of self‑pacedasynchronous(e‑learning).The doctors
presented their cases during live sessions and asked their
peers as well as NIMHANS hub expert about the best‑
practicesof management. Thereis an approvedcurriculum
that was followed during the training. Methodology: The
ve‑level outcomes model1 focusing on principles of
participant engagement, satisfaction, learning, competence
and performance, was used for evaluation of the outcome
of the training. Results: Over a period of three months,
22 case summaries were discussed by the doctors with
NIMHANSHubSpecialists.Majorityof doctors could join
>80% live session and overall there were no drop‑outs.
There was a signicant improvement in self‑condence
among the doctors in handling mental illnesses after the
course (pre training mean 5.5/10 Vs post training mean
7.4/10). The program helped to reach to 2452 people
in Odisha who required interventions for mental health
(which included Psychosis, Depression, Anxiety disorder,
Alcohol use disorder). Conclusion: The results suggest
that this digital training programme can be a useful tool
toimprove capacity ofmental health careespecially in the
ruralandunservedareas of Odisha. This model of learning
can potentially be applied in other states of the country as
well.Thechallengewill be the retentionandmotivationof
thedoctorsto continue engaging in learning process.
Keywords:Generalpractitioners, knowledge, training
FP 14: “When the old is no longer golden!” The
prevalence, correlates and victimperspectivesof
elder‑abuse, a mixed‑method study from
southern India
Debanjan Banerjee, Migita D. Cruza, P. T. Sivakumar,
Mathew Varghese
Department of Psychiatry, Geriatric Psychiatry Unit, NIMHANS,
Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. E‑mail: dr.djan88@gmail.com
Background: Elder abuse is dened as single or repeated
acts of omission or commission causing harm ordistress
to the elderly, usually by a trusted person. It can range
from physical to psychological,social or even be sexual.
Despite multiple highlights in literature and consistent
concerns raisedby the World Health Organization (WHO),
only the ‘tip of iceberg’ comes to detection andelder
abuse stays as a ‘silent‑evil’ in old‑age homes, residence
and hospitals alike, neglected inthe daily clinical practice.
For developing nations like India with increasing aged
populationand familial dependency, such a social issue
can assume paramount signicance. Methodology: All
geriatric patients (above 60 years) attending a tertiary
mental‑health care centre in SouthIndia in the last six
monthswere screened forany form ofelder abuse. Itwas
best corroboratedwith a reliable informant. The socio‑
demographicandclinicalcorrelatesofabusewereexplored.
The elderly who suered ‘abuse’ were interviewed with
consent and thematicanalysis of the data was performed.
Ethicalconsiderations andcondentialityweremaintained.
Necessary actions within the clinical and legal per‑view
weretaken.Results: Total642patientswerescreened.30%
reportedsome form of abuse. Male and females wereequal
in the reported cases. Psychological/emotional followed
by physical, abandonment andnancial were the most
common forms. ‘In‑residence abandonment’ was widely
prevalent.Loweducation,lownancial security,retirement
and loss/lack of spouse were signicantlyassociated with
abuse. The perpetrators of abuse were mainly the rst‑
degree relatives and staof the residential old‑age care
facilities. Diagnoses most commonly associated with
abuse weredementia, depression, sensory decits and gait
diculties. Weight loss, multiple‑stagedinjuries, over‑
use of analgesics, lack of cleanliness and frequent falls
were the early signs.Passive death wishes, helplessness,
grief and refusal to disclosure were widely prevalent
amongthe victims. Spirituality, time with grand‑children
and same‑age group‑activities were the maincoping
factors. The reasons attributed to abuse by the victims
were ‘Karma’, ‘old age’, ‘lackof usefulness’, ‘loss of
autonomy’, ‘fear of consequences’, ’lack of awareness
of legalprovisions’ and ‘signicant stigma related to
disclosure’. Conclusion: Elderly population has a wide
range of vulnerabilities; however, they also add to the
globalhealth of the population. Abuse in any form aects
all dimensions of ‘health’. Preventing it isan important
strategyto rebuild therespectof the elderly, helping them
to counter frailty andimproving the quality of life. Failure
todetectandaddressthisimportantissuecanperpetuatethe
abuse further: both the victims and perpetrators staying
unaware of its implications. Regularscreening, awareness,
psychoeducation, appropriate medical and psychological
aids as well asnecessary liaison with the media and legal
servicesarenecessary to battle this incessant evil.
Keywords:Abuse,elder,geriatric, stigma
FP 15: Diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in
a patient with dissociative aphonia with epilepsy
versus psychogenic nonepileptic seizures
Jaswant, Ashish Pakhre, Koushik Sinha Deb,
R. K. Chadda, Renu Sharma
Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical sciences, New
Delhi, India
Introduction:Patientspresentingwithspeechlosscanpose
dicultiesinaccuratediagnosis.Complexpresentationwith
mixed picture of neurological and psychogenic causation
and clinical symptomatology becomes more challenging.
Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) at times are
[Downloaded free from http://www.indjsp.org on Friday, March 12, 2021, IP: 49.207.196.36]

Abstract
Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry | Volume 35 | Issue 4 | October-December 2019 291
similar to epileptic seizures in presentation. There is no
single feature that absolutely distinguishes true epileptic
events from PNES. So, there is considerable diagnostic
uncertainty for the condition. It is important to distinguish
true epileptic events from psychogenic nonepileptic
seizures (PNES) and to address challenges and issues in
assessment and management of long standing aphonia.
Case Description: In our OPD, 18‑year‑old unmarried
female presented with loss of speech and weakness in
bilateral lower limbs for 3 ½ years having no identiable
organic cause upon evaluation. In view of diagnostic
clarication and diculty in management on OPD basis
patientwasadmitted.Afteradmission,ENTandNeurology
consultationsweresoughtandorganicitywasruledoutafter
detailed evaluation by respective teams. Both EEG and
MRI were done. Psychological assessment was done and
psychotherapy was started. Drug‑assisted interviews using
intravenous Lorazepam and dexmedetomidine was done.
Gradually there was signicant improvement in aphonia
and reduction other clinical complaints. Literature review
wasdonebygoing throughpreviousstudies usingPubMed,
Google Scholar and PsycINFO regarding assessment and
management of dissociative disorders. Conclusion: It is
important to thoroughly assess and diagnose evaluate such
complex cases with dissociative as well as neurological
disorder. Because diagnosis is dicult and challenging
and many times stressors become dicult to elicit. Long
standing dissociative disorders are refractory to treatment.
So, early assessment and treatment is important. This
case illustrates the atypical presentation, diagnostic and
managementdiculty in the patient.
Keywords:Dissociativeaphonia,epilepsyandpsychogenic
nonepilepticseizures, psychogenic aphonia
FP 16: Stigmatization in paranoid schizophrenia:
A qualitatve analysis
Sanimar Kochhar, U. K. Sinha1
AIIMS, New Delhi, 1Department of Clinical Psychology, IHBAS, Delhi,
India. E‑mail: sanimarkochhar@gmail.com
Introduction: Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness
which is very prevalent and disabling worldwide.
Individuals so labelled are often seen as constituting
a stereotyped and devalued identity. These negative
attitudes may cause discrimination and internalization of
stigma. Thus, stigmatization and the reactions to it make
up an important area of inquiry. Objectives: to explore
and understand the nature of stigma faced by persons
with paranoid schizophrenia, their reaction to it and its
relationshipwiththeillness.Methods:Apurposivesample
of 16 patients was recruited from IHBAS OPD from
May 2016 to July 2016. A semi‑structured interview was
utilized.Thematicanalysiswascarried outontheinterview
transcripts. Results: Revealed core themes of close to nil
understanding of the illness and diagnosis, insensitivity on
thepartofothers,someextremeinstancesofstigmaandbad
behaviour meted out, being wary of disclosing the illness,
internalized stigma, varied perspectives on mental illness
versus diabetes; and perceptions of an uncertain future.
Conclusion: the patients perceive and experience a high
level of stigma; and their narratives reect authentic and
moving accounts of stigmatization as well as their eorts
to cope. Eorts towards de‑stigmatization, rehabilitation
andultimaterecovery need to take note of these ndings.
Keywords: Discrimination, Indian, qualitative,
schizophrenia,stigma
FP 17: Acceptance and commitment therapy in
obsessive compulsive disor: A case report
Aarzoo, Archana Kashyap, Ajeet Sidana
Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College and Hospital
(GMCH‑32), Chandigarh, India. E‑mail: aarzoo_gupta9@yahoo.com
Background: Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) can
be extremely disabling, with uctuation in course as well
as symptoms of the illness. Evidence‑based practices like
behavior therapy (BT) and cognitive behavior (CBT) have
been widely used. There has been research highlighting the
eectiveness of ACTin various psychiatry disorders. Meta‑
analysis revealACT to be equivalent or superior to CBT in
OCD. With this background ACT was attempted with the
indexpatientafterfailureinattempttoaddressthesymptoms
usingBT.Methodology:B,36yearsold12th passhousewife
fromaurbannuclearfamilypresentedcomplainingrepetitive
intrusive thoughts and images of blood‑stained skirt,
distortedface,dirtyfeetetc;andrepetitivewashingofhands
andfeet,mentalrituals likereplacingobsessions withimages
or thoughts of God or ower. This resulted in reduction of
anxiety. The duration of illness was 20 years with acute
onset and continuous course. History of alcohol dependence
in father, sexual abuse, bed wetting, molestation by group
of school boys, failure in school. Interpersonal conicts
with husband were reported due to his daily/heavy alcohol
intake.Results:SeventeensessionsofACT have been taken
in last one an half years. She has been responding well to
treatment.Exceptthatregressioninimprovementistriggered
byIPRwithhusband.ThereductioninscoresonYale‑Brown
ObsessiveCompulsiveScale(YBOCS)wasfrom33(severe)
to 20 (mild). Conclusion: ACT was useful in dealing with
notonlyOCD butalso underlying issues.ACT was eective
and convenient in addressing all issues simultaneously.
ACTmight be usefulin addressing uctuatingsymptoms or
themesof obsessions ofcompulsionsinOCDand in patients
whereexposure is not feasible.
Keywords:Acceptanceandcommitmenttherapy,obsessive
compulsivedisorder
FP 18: Mindful eating intervention on blood
glucose, BMI and stress among adults with type2
diabetes mellitus
V. V. Mahalingam, Amrita S. Shekhar1, J. Mano Ranjini1
[Downloaded free from http://www.indjsp.org on Friday, March 12, 2021, IP: 49.207.196.36]

Abstract
Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry | Volume 35 | Issue 4 | October-December 2019292
AIIMS, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 1Himalayan College of Nursing,
SRHU, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India. E‑mail: nurs_mahalingam@
aiimsbhubaneswar.edu.in, milkymaha2007@gmail.com
Introduction: Health is a state of functional or metabolic
eciencyofa living organism. Todaydiabetesis considered
to be a major health problem in India. It is a chronic
progressive disease of anepidemiological character, causing
consideration human as well as social and economical
distress. Objectives of the study were to measure the
eectivenessofmindfuleatingontheglycemiccontrol,BMI
and to assess the eectiveness of mindful eating on stress.
Materials and Methods: A randomized control research
design was used for study to measure theeectiveness of
mindful eating on blood sugar level, BMI and stress. The
study was conducted in amultispecialty Hospital. Simple
random sampling was used to select 70 patients from
thepopulationandrandomlyassigned35inexperimentaland
35 control group who were diagnosedwith type 2 diabetes
since (0‑5) year, taking oral hypoglycemic drug, routinely
attending OPD andmeasuring their random blood sugar.
Routine laboratory test was used to measure the Blood
glucoselevel, for dening BMI all the related physiological
parameters have been measured. Questionnaireon Stress
in Patients with Diabetes – Revised (QSD‑R) was used to
measure the stress. Results: The study ndings illustrated
that in baseline the random blood sugar score was higher
inboth experimental and control group but after a two
month of mindful eating intervention the meanrandom
bloodsugarscore was signicantly reduced inexperimental
group at the signicant levelP≤0.05. In baseline the BMI
score was higher in both experimental and control group
butafter atwo monthofmindfuleatingtheBMI mean score
signicantlyreducedin experimental group atthesignicant
levelP≤0.05.Inbaselinethestressondiabetes(leisuretime,
depression/future fear andhypoglycemia, self‑medication,
physical complaints, work, partner, doctor patient
relationship)related stress score higher in pretest and after
a two month of mindful eating the stress mean scorewas
signicantlyreducedinexperimentalgroupatthesignicant
level P≤0.05. Conclusion: Mindful eating program will be 
help in reduction of blood sugar level, weight management
andimprovementinpsychologicalaspect(stress)ofdiabetes
patients.
Keywords: Adult with types 2 diabetes mellitus, blood
glucose,bmi,mindful eating, stress
FP 19: Sleep hygiene in patients with current
depressive episode
Abhinav Shekhar, Shantanu Bharti, Ajay Kohli,
Anju Agarwal, Abdul Qadir Jilani
Department of Psychiatry, Eras Lucknow Medical College, Lucknow,
Uttar Pradesh, India. E‑mail: abhinav142769@gmail.com
Background: Patient presenting with a depressive episode
generally also present with disturbed sleep. It is also one
of the most common complaints in patients presenting
with depression. It is clinically important to evaluate the
presence of sleep hygiene in the patients of depression
suering from comorbid insomnia. Knowledge about
the association of sleep hygiene in patients of depression
suering from comorbid insomnia will help in their better
management. Objective: To evaluatethe association of
sleep hygiene in patients of depression suering from
comorbidinsomnia. Methods: In this cross sectional study,
we had recruited 105 patients with current depressive
episode.MINIinternationalneuropsychiatric interview was
applied to rule out other psychiatric disorders. BDI II was
applied to make a diagnosis of current depressive episode
and subsequently SHPS (sleep hygiene practice scale)
was applied to assess the sleep hygiene in these patients.
Correlation was examined using chi‑square (x^2) test.
A two‑sided (α = 2) p <0.05 was considered statistically
signicant. Software’s MS‑Excel and SPSS latest version
were used for analysis. Results and Conclusion: The
result of this study indicates that the patients of current
depressive episode have abnormal sleep hygiene. The
overall result of this study also indicates that the patients
of depression score high in SHPS scale, and the score
is signicantly higher in sub scales of arousal related
behaviour and sleep environment. The direct eects of
sleep hygiene on depression and subjective well‑being are
noteworthy; perhaps the achievement of maintaining good,
regular sleep hygiene behaviors produces satisfaction that
improveswell‑being and buers depressive symptoms
Keywords:Depressiveepisode, sleep hygiene
FP 20: Impact of motivational enhancement
therapy in medical students having internet use
disorder
Kirti Anurag
SCBMCH, Cuttack, Odisha, India. E‑mail: anurag.kirti@gmail.com
Introduction: Internet addiction isa behavioural addiction
& along with it is the most modern form of addiction.
Aims and Objectives: Tostudytheimpactofmotivational
enhancement therapy in medical students having internet
use disorder. Methodology: This study was conducted
among the medical students of S.C.B.M.C.H. Odisha.
The study sample consisted of 250 medical students of
the college. Subjects were selected through the purposive
sampling method for initial assessment and allocation of
samplesforinterventionselectedbyrandomtablegenerated
by computer. Semi structured proforma containing socio‑
demographic details and internet use details,Internet
addiction test (Young,1998), SAS‑SV(Kwon, Kim et
al,2013),GHQ 28 were used.motivational enhancement
therapy (MET) was used for intervention. Statistical
analyseswereperformedusing SPSS Statistics software16
and a signicance level of 0.05 was adopted throughout.
Results: After analysis of data, MET was eective in
[Downloaded free from http://www.indjsp.org on Friday, March 12, 2021, IP: 49.207.196.36]

Abstract
Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry | Volume 35 | Issue 4 | October-December 2019 293
decreasing internet addiction scores and distress levels
among the subjects. Conclusion: MET can be very useful
forinternet addiction thoughfurther research exploringthe
other aspects and long term follow up studies should be
planned for better planning of the management of internet
addiction.
Keywords:Internet addiction,medicalstudents,motivation
enhancementtherapy
FP 21: Online dating apps sabotaging the mental
health: Two case reports
Roshni Basu Roy
Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati, Assam, India. E‑mail: vegaalltime@
gmail.com
Introduction: Online dating services changed the
landscape of dating in India since its inception. Although
it has paved the way for easier access and communication
between potential partners, but it has its own negative
impact specially on mental health which is reected in the
following case studies. Case 1: A 27 years old unmarried
woman of urban backround working as a banker came to
PsychiatryOPDwithchiefcomplaint of low mood, feeling
of emptynessinside, not being able to emotionally connect
with anyone. Premobidly she was reserved and never got
much attention from the opposite sex. 2 years ago she
startedusing a dating app named TINDER, which gave her
much attention but she could feel that those sweet spoken
words, compliments and feelings, shown by the person
across the screen are mostly not real. She went to a few
dates also but stopped contacting after the initial few days
as she harboured the insecurity that she may be rejected
soonas there many optionsavailableontheappin just one
click.But however she somewhat got addicted to using the
app,whichultimatelyresultedintoloneliness,notbeingable
toget involved in areal life romantic relationshipthinking
that person may also be putting a charade on. Case 2: A
29year oldcentralgovtemployeecame to PsychiatryOPD
with complaint of low self esteem and insecurity about
own body image.On further probing he mentioned about
joining tinder app about 11 months ago where he faced
numerousrejections daily withthe left swipingand stream
of short lasting conversation soon zzling out, which left
him feel dejected, with body condence problem and
feeling of worthlessness because of the constant unhealthy
competition. Discussion: The repercussions of online
dating services are noteworthy with the most common
problems faced by users being regular rejection ,sudden
ghostingof the partnercausing low self esteemin the user
.According to a study conducted in University of North
Texas it was found that men are at more risk for reduced
self esteem while using these services. The constant need
to look good and appear attractive to others creates a
unnecessary burden on the users. Studies have found out
that these issues are also hampering the peace of minds of
the user of other social medias that encourages evaluative
behavior. Other demoralizing experiences by the users
are anonymity or fake accounts resulting into deceit and
chronic dissatisfaction and not trying to make a particular
connectionwork owing tothe tyranny ofchoices available
onthe site.Severalstudieshaveshown high ratesofsexual
addictionand psychiatric comorbidities in the online dating
app users like depression and anxiety, social anxiety,
dysthymia, ADHD and PTSD. It is ambiguous whether
the excessive usage of online dating apps which can be
consideredunder behavioral addictionrootfromfaultyway
ofcoping with depression or anxiety or whether depression
and anxiety are the aftermath of this type of behavioral
addiction. Conclusion: Dating apps have opened the door
forpeopleseekingnewconnectionsandfriendship and can
be really useful for introvert and lonely people. But these
appscome with its shadowsidewhich may beharmfulfor
themental health of the users.
Keywords: Addiction, online dating apps, psychiatric
morbidity
FP 22: Training of primary care physicians in
the assessment and management of perinatal
mental health disorders including psycho social
factors
Madhuri H. Nanjundaswamy
NIMHANS, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
E‑mail: hnmadhuri@gmail.com
Introduction: Primary care physicians and obstetricians/
gynaecologistsaretherstlinerespondersforwomenwith
perinatalmentalhealthproblems.Hence,trainingbecomes
importantinthisparticulartopic.Aims and Objectives: To
understand the pre‑existing knowledge of perinatal mental
health among the primary care physicians and to analyse
the eectiveness of the short‑term training program
that focussed on assessment, management of perinatal
mental health issues. Methodology: A two‑day training
program was conducted for primary care physicians at
Raipur, Chhattisgarh focusing on clinical assessment
and management of perinatal mental health conditions
including psychosocial risk factors. Diverse teaching‑
learning methods for adult learning like participative
learning, small group activities, use of audio‑visuals
were used. The pre‑assessment form included questions
on details of the clinical practice, psychosocial risk
factors, screening, management and referral pathways
for mental illness. The feedback form included questions
on the relevance of the topic, time allocated for training,
condence levels in assessing and managing cases in the
clinical setting. Results: Of the 44 doctors who attended,
pre‑assessment and feedback data were available for 36
and 33 participants, respectively. Participants reported
that they regularly have diagnosed, managed or have
referred women with perinatal mental health in their
practice. Usually, physicians had assessed for anxiety,
[Downloaded free from http://www.indjsp.org on Friday, March 12, 2021, IP: 49.207.196.36]

Abstract
Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry | Volume 35 | Issue 4 | October-December 2019294
depression, psychosis and suicidality. More than half the
doctors (N=21;58.33%) reported that they had assessed
for psychosocial risk factors and the main factors were
nancial issues, support system, violence, substance
use. The condence of physicians in treating psychiatric
conditions was assessed at pre and also at post‑training.
4 out of 36 doctors (11.1%) were very condent, 5
(13.9%)werequitecondent,17(47.2%)weresomewhat
condent, and 10 (27.8%) were not condent in treating
mental illness during the perinatal period. However, after
undergoing the training program, 19 out 33 (57.6%) were
very condent, 13 (39.4%) were somewhat condent and
1(3%) not condent in assessing mental health issues.
Regardingmanagementofmentalhealthissues,17(51.5%)
wereverycondent, 15 (45.5%) weresomewhat condent
and 1 (3%) was not condent. Conclusions: The ndings
from our study suggest that a training program can help
increase the condence among physicians in approaching
patientswith perinatal mental health issues.
Keywords:Mentalhealth, perinatal, physicians, training
FP 23: A case report of injectable pheniramine
dependence in a young male with psychiatric co‑
morbidity
Manmeet Kaur, Ashish Pakhre, Anju Dhawan
National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, AIIMS, Ghaziabad,
India. E‑mail: mksidhu27@gmail.com
Introduction: Prescription drug abuse is a major
problem worldwide. Several of the antihistamines like
Pheniramine are included in Schedule G. Pheniramine is
frequently prescribed for allergic conditions. However,
its abuse liability and toxicity has been described in few
case reports. The available literature mostly describes
use of pheniramine in tablet form resulting in toxicity
symptoms and in patients with pre‑existing psychiatric
illness or with other substances of abuse. Case: In the
current case, injectable pheniramine with dexamethasone
was used intravenously initially for dermatological
condition and within a few months progressed to regular
use of pheniramine only, primarily to elevate mood and
occasionally to increase condence resulting in developing
tolerancetosomeofitspharmacologicaleects,developing
complications of injecting drug use and experiencing
withdrawal on discontinuation with predominant anxiety
symptoms with treatment seeking within a year of use
in a dependent manner.Also, patient was diagnosed with
social phobia. Conclusion: The current report highlights
the addiction potential of pheniramine, which can be
attributed to its euphoric eect and its management.
Further report emphasizes the need of judicious use of
injectable antihistamines especially in populations at high
riskincludingwith those having psychiatric co‑morbidity.
Keywords:Injecting drug abuse,pheniraminedependence,
socialphobia
FP 24: Atypical psychological presentations
of autoimmune diseases: rational approach,
appropriate referral and collaborative
management
Sucheta Chatterjee, G. Akhila, Shivani Dua, M. Anupam,
P. V. R. Pratheek, J. P. R Ravan, Prasanta Padhan
Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar,
Odisha, India. E‑mail: vijayrajpatlolla@gmail.com
Introduction: Understanding immune system interactions
with CNS is crucial in maintaining homeostasis and
developmentof various neuropsychiatricmanifestations. In
turn,CNScan inuence bothimmune systemandthe HPA
axis causing various physical and psychiatric symptoms.
Aim and Objectives: To identify red ag clinical signs
and appropriate screening tests for possible underlying
systemic auto‑immune disorders in psychiatric practice.
Methodology: We have considered 20 cases who were
not responding to adequate dose of antidepressants. They
werescreened forcomorbidmedicalconditionsand 5cases
were found to have autoimmune disorders. Conclusion: It
isimportantto consider autoimmune disorders intreatment
refractorydepression
FP 25: A cross‑sectional analysis of correlates of
quality of life in medically unexplained physical
symptoms
Sharmi Bascarane, Vikas Menon
Department of Psychiatry, JIPMER, Puducherry, India. E‑mail:
sharmibascarane@gmail.com
Introduction: Medically unexplained physical symptoms
(MUPS) are common in medical settings as well as in the
general population. They are associated with psychiatric
morbidity, impaired quality of life and poor functioning.
Aims and Objectives: In this study we aimed to assess
Case
details
Psychiatric
presentation
Autoimmune
disorder
Positive investigations Treatment Follow‑up
Female Depression SLE ANA,anti‑dsDNA Steroids,immunosuppresants 3years(improved)
Female Severedepression ILD HRCT(interstitialpneumonitis) Steroids,immunosuppresants Expired
Male Fibromyalgia Sarcoidosis CECT(Hilarlymphadenopathy) Steroids,immunosuppresants 1year(improved)
Female Depression+anxiety Scleroderma Scl‑70,antitopoisomerase Immunosuppresants 6months(improved)
Female Anxiety Sjogren’ssyndrome Anti‑Ro/La Steroids,immunosuppresants 2years(improved)
[Downloaded free from http://www.indjsp.org on Friday, March 12, 2021, IP: 49.207.196.36]

Abstract
Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry | Volume 35 | Issue 4 | October-December 2019 295
factors associated with quality of life in individuals
diagnosed with MUPS. Methodology: Participants were
adults with medically unexplained physical symptoms
(MUPS) (n=171), diagnosed using standard criteria. Apart
from socio‑demographic variables, we systematically
assessed psychological distress, co‑morbidity, disability,
coping, personality traits and social support in this group
using standard measures. Multivariate linear regression
wasused to identifypredictorsof quality oflifein MUPS.
Results: The mean age of sample was 38.8(±11.2).
Majority of the sample comprised of females (n=102,
59.6%). High levels of psychological distress (B= ‑0.572,
95%CI = ‑0.913 to‑0.230,p=0.001) and highneuroticism
(B= ‑1.891, 95% CI = ‑3.263 to ‑0.519, p=0.007) were
associated with poorer quality of life scores. Among
demographicvariables,those hailing from anuclearfamily
(B=‑3.880,95%CI=‑7.375to‑0.385,p=0.019)hadlower
quality of life scores. None of the other variables were
associated with quality of life in MUPS. Conclusions:
Personality traits such as neuroticism and psychological
distress are associated with quality of life in patients with
MUPS.
Keywords: Neuroticism, psychological morbidity, quality
oflife,somatization, somatoform disorders
FP 26: Correlates of depression in patients with
type 2 diabetes mellitus and its relationship with
diabetes distress and self‑management
Jogamaya Mantri, Suravi Patra, Susanta Kumar Padhy
Department of Psychiatry, AIIMS, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
E‑mail: patrasuravi@gmail.com
Introduction: Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease.
About 422 million people worldwide and 69.1 million
people in India have diabetes. The most common is type
2 diabetes. Depression is another condition which has a
high prevalence. Globally, more than 300 million and in
India 57 million people of all ages suer from depression.
The relationship between type 2 diabetes and depression
is bidirectional. The aim of the study was to nd out the
correlates of depression in type 2 diabetes mellitus and its
relationship with diabetes distress and self management.
Methods: This study was conducted in the Non
Communicable Disease Clinic at AIIMS, Bhubaneswar.
Depression was assessed by Hamilton Depression Rating
Scale,diabetes distress byDiabetes Distress Scaleand self
management by Diabetes Self Management Questionnaire.
Results: Total 107 patients were included in the study.
Out of which, 62.6% had mild depression and 37.4% had
moderate depression. Depression was highly prevalent
among female (54.2%), 41‑60 age group (72.9%),
unemployed and unskilled worker (65.4%), nuclear family
(71.9%), and people from rural areas (53.2%). This study
reveals that there is low positive correlation between
depression and diabetes distress (r=0.29) and low negative
correlation between depression and self management (r=‑
0.19). Conclusion: Depression is more common among
females, middle age adult, unemployed, rural people and
those belonging to nuclear family. However it has weak
relationshipwith diabetes distress and self management.
Keywords:Depression, diabetes distress, diabetes mellitus,
selfmanagement
FP 27: Public education as a method of social
psychiatric intervention: Exploring possibilities
and eectiveness
Nilamadhab Kar, Susanta Kumar Padhy
Black Country Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Wolverhampton,
United Kingdom, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar,
Odisha, India. E‑mail: nmadhab@yahoo.com
Introduction: It is well known that most patients with
psychiatric illnesses come for medical intervention late;
and some never. The reasons are inadequate awareness
about symptoms, availability of eective treatment,
and last but not the least ‘social stigma’. On the other
hand, sometimes people use psychiatric services for
inappropriate reasons, be it for any real or apparent
gains, getting absolved from responsibilities or many
other obscure reasons. There are disproportionately more
misinformation in the communities and online creating a
lot of issues including many self‑diagnosed worried‑wells.
Aims and Objectives: This discussion paper highlights
coreissuesandreviewsthe possibilitiesofpublic education
and its eectiveness. Methodology: The relevant literature
wassearched from electronicdatabases including PubMed.
Results: It cannot be overemphasized that social factors
associated with mental illnesses need to be addressed
at the community level. One of the obvious ways would
be to have an eective public education system sharing
accurate and appropriate information. In a positive note,
there are excellent materials in the public domain which
are extremely user‑friendly and practical. However, they
areratherpassive and need tobeactively searched and are
oftenlost in the cobwebofmisinformation. Often these do
not convey answer to the specic question of the person.
Besides,theinformationisnot alwaysavailablein thelocal
language. TV is a great communicator but it also has its
own limitations. Sometime it is essential for psychiatrists
toreach out to themasses, in active interaction,discussion
and answering queries. There is a great role of psychiatry
beyondthe connes ofthe clinics, outin the communities.
Public lectures, discussion forums, phone‑in programmes
in radio and TV, even road shows are just some of the
examples. Participating in mental health rst‑aid in mass
trauma situations are other avenues for mental health
professionals to interact directly with general public.
Conclusion: Increasing awareness, ghting stigma and
getting the best help to patients early, and campaigning
againstmisinformation‑thereisapubliceducationrolecut
outfor social psychiatry.
[Downloaded free from http://www.indjsp.org on Friday, March 12, 2021, IP: 49.207.196.36]

Abstract
Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry | Volume 35 | Issue 4 | October-December 2019296
Keywords: Media, mental health, public education, social
psychiatry,stigma
FP 28: Social relationship in families with mental
illness
Swagatika Debata, Bhaswati Patnaik
Department of Psychology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha,
India. E‑mail: bhaswati.patnaik@gmail.com
Introduction: There are particular challenges within
families where parents are mentally ill and are unable to
supporttheirfamilies.Caregiverburdencommonlyrefersto
the psychological, physical, emotional, social and nancial
challenges faced by family members caring for a mentally
ill relative. There are many studies on family burden with
mental illness, i.e., the nancial impact if a member in
the family is mentally ill. But there is a dearth of research
studies on social relationships matters of families with
mentally ill members. Objectives: The main objective of
the study was to examine the impact of mental illness on
a family’s social relationships as reected in its dierent
dimensions, such as, social support, social rejection,
social interaction and social integration. Methods: The
study follows a correlational design.A questionnaire
was administered on 20 participants who had one family
memberwithmentalillness(such asschizophrenia,bipolar,
psychosomatic symptoms, depression, etc). Results: Both
qualitative and quantitative analysis of data revealed that
the extent and the quality of perceived social relationship
remainedpoorinfamilieswith mental illness. Conclusion:
Thestudy provided useful insightsfor formulationofsteps
toaddressthesocietalneedsoffamilieswithmentalillness.
Keywords: Mental illness, perceived social support, social
relationships
FP 29: Prole of adolescent and young adults
utilising tertiary level psychiatry services
incentral India
Pooja Chaudhary, Lekhansh Shukla1, Abhijit Rozatkar
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, Centre
for Addiction Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health Sciences,
Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
E‑mail: abhijitrozatkar@gmail.com
Introduction: Psychiatric morbidity due to severe as well
as common mental illnesses peaksduring adolescence
and young adulthood. Unlike developed countries,
dedicated Child andAdolescent mental health services
are not widely available in India. In this background it
isimportant to document the treatment needs and prole
of this group of patients who seek help atdereregional
centres like AlIMS. Aims and Objectives: To report
the number and prole of Adolescent and young adults
whosoughtpsychiatrictreatment atAIIMSBhopalbetween
01/12/2017 and 31/08/2018. Methodology: Clinical
audit of outpatient treatment records which consist of a
semistructuredscreening proforma lled by a psychiatrist.
Case records of patients between 10 to 20years of age
at the time of consultation are included in this study.
Results: During the study period of 9 months, 175
adolescent and young adults soughtoutpatient treatment.
The modal patient is an adolescent (median age = 17
years) male (n =111, 63%) who is self‑referred (n = 137,
78 %). The consultation entailed up to 20 hours oftravel
time(mean = 3 hours) and 3000 INR travel expense (mean
= 172.8 INR). Amongst aminority of patients (n = 29) in
whom a stressor was identied, stress due to studies (n =
8)wascommon.Adenitediagnosiswasmadein 157cases
(90%).Interestingly,‘nilpsychiatry’wasthemostcommon
diagnosis (n = 20), followed by dissociative & conversion
disorder (n = 13), adjustment disorder (n=12) and bipolar
aective disorder (n=12). Most of the patients (n = 121,
69 %) did not come for even a single follow‑up visit.
Conclusion:Thereis arapiduptakeofpsychiatric services.
Adolescents and young adultsmostly seek a consultation
directly;however,followupispoorinthisgroup.
Keywords:Adolescent,compliance,pathway
FP 30: To study eectiveness of training module
for auxiliary nurse midwives to upgrade their
knowledge and attitude regarding perinatal
mental health problems
Shubhangi S. Dere, Pradip Savardekar1,
Abhishek Gupta2, Rakesh Ghildiyal2
Department of Psychiatry, MGM Medical College, Departments of
1Community Medicine and 2Psychiatry, MGM Medical College and
Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. E‑mail: shubhangi.dere@
gmail.com
Background: Perinatal mental health problems carry
serious consequences on foetal growth, pregnancy
outcomes, and postnatal care, yet are often missed. In
preview of scarcity of mental health professionals in
developing country like India, eective interventions
can be delivered by well‑trained non‑specialist health
providers like ANMs. Aims: To study eectiveness of
training module for ANMs to develop capacity of early
detection through screening, referral in management of
perinatal mental health problems. Methods: Forty ANMs
serving in district were enrolled for one‑day workshop
after obtaining institutional ethics committee approval
and permission from Taluka Health Ocer. Training had
following sessions: I: Overview and impact of mental
disorders. II: Understanding types, risk factors of common
and severe maternal mental health disorders. III: Mother‑
baby bonding, maternal mental health assessment. IV:
Role of ANMs in promotion of maternal mental health,
basic counselling skills. Participant’s existing and changed
knowledge and attitude was assessed using pre and post‑
test questionnaire respectively. Data was analysed using
Microsoft Excel ver.2016. Paired t‑test measured impact
of training program based on dierence between pre and
[Downloaded free from http://www.indjsp.org on Friday, March 12, 2021, IP: 49.207.196.36]

Abstract
Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry | Volume 35 | Issue 4 | October-December 2019 297
post‑test mean knowledge scores. Results: Three fourth
ANMs reported that they never received training about
maternal mental health. Mean knowledge score improved
signicantly with training (pre‑test score: 8.53; post‑test
score: 10.45; p‑value: 0.001). Training also improved
ANM’s attitude towards maternal mental health problems
and understanding of their role in identication, referral
and follow‑up of these signicant ailments. Conclusion:
Knowledge of ANM regarding perinatal mental health
was inadequate and improved signicantly post training.
EnablingANMsto evaluatepsychologicalhealthof woman
during ante‑natal and post‑ natal visits can serve as key
step towards integration of perinatal psychiatric services
in reproductive health and promotion of maternal mental
health.
Keywords:Knowledge,mental health, nurses, training
FP 31: Conict resolution styles and mental
wellbeing: A comparative study among three
professions
Prangya Paramita Biswal, Lucy Sonali Hembram
Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
E‑mail: lucysonali@gmail.com
Introduction: Increasing specialization and
professionalization, coupled with high degrees of work
independence over the past years, have increased the
conict potential in every sector. Conict, if not properly
managed, can lead to “stress, frustration, dissatisfaction
and poor work performance. Poor mental health impacts
individuals overall health, their relationship with others,
andsocietalcostrelatedtounemployment,poorworkplace
productivity and many more. So both conict resolution
and mental wellbeing are two important factors that can
directlyinuence an individual,organization andasociety.
Aim: The main aim of the study was to examine the
relationship between conict resolution style and mental
wellbeing among three dierent professions, and it also
examined the impact of profession on conict resolution
styleand mental wellbeing.Methods: Samples weretaken
from three dierent professions (i.e medical, teaching &
human resource professions). The sample consisted of one
hundred and fty subjects (50 from each profession).Two
dierent instruments were used in this study.The Rahim’s
scale for interpersonal conict‑handling style was used to
measure conict resolution style and Psychological Well‑
being Scale by F.M Sahoo was used to measure mental
wellbeing.CorrelationandANOVAwereusedinthisstudy.
Correlation was used to nd out the relationship between
conictresolution style andmental wellbeing andANOVA
was used to nd out the impact of profession on conict
handling style and mental wellbeing of professionals.
Result: The correlation analysis indicated a signicant
relationship between conict resolution style (r=.301,
p<0.01) and mental wellbeing and the analysis of variance
shows that profession has insignicant eect on conict
resolution style F (2.147) = 1.07) and signicant eect on
mental wellbeing F (2.147) = 8.12, p> 0.01). Conclusion:
Typeofprofessionhaseectonwellbeingbutnotconict
resolutionstyle.
Keywords: Conict resolution style, mental wellbeing,
profession
FP 32: A cross sectional analysis of socio‑
academic outcome and quality of life in patients
with early onset bipolar aective disorder
Geetha Ganesan, Sandhiya Selvarajan1,
Preeti Kandasamy
Departments of Psychiatry and 1Clinical Pharmacology, JIPMER,
Puducherry, India
Background: Early onset Bipolar disorder (EOBD)
is known to have a malignant course with delayed
functional recovery. The mean age at onset of EOBD
typically coincides with the secondary school age in
our Indian context. Even when these groups of patients
improve clinically with medications their educational and
employment statuses continue to remain poor suggesting
that they are more vulnerable in terms of their socio‑
academic outcome. While there is large data available
for adult population on these aspects data is lacking for
EOBD patients. Methods: The participants were adults
with early onset Bipolar Disorder dened as onset of rst
episode before 18 years on mood stabilizers for more
than two years as part of treatment as usual (n=30).In the
sociodemographic variables we have particularly looked
into the educational and employment status and assessed
qualityoflivesusingBriefQol.BDandGlobalAssessment
of functioning scale(GAF). Results: The quality of lives
and global assessment of functioning and its correlation
withthe educational andemploymentstatus of thepatients
will be analyzed. Conclusions: More intensive and earlier
psychosocial interventions are required in patients with
earlyonsetBipolarDisorderinorder toimprovetheirlong‑
termsocio‑academic outcome.
Keywords: Bipolardisorder, early‑onset, quality of life,
socio‑academicoutcome
FP 33: Non‑adherence, risk factors, medications
inuence inschizophrenia and depression
P. V. R. Pratheek, Akhila Ganta, Prasanth Ampalam1,
Narasimha ReddiK1, J. P. R. Ravan
Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar,
Odisha, 1Maharajah’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Vizianagaram,
Andhra Pradesh, India
Introduction: Schizophrenia aects more than 21 million
people worldwide and isassociated with considerable
disability. Depression aects more than 300 millionpeople
globally and leading cause of disability worldwide.
[Downloaded free from http://www.indjsp.org on Friday, March 12, 2021, IP: 49.207.196.36]

Abstract
Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry | Volume 35 | Issue 4 | October-December 2019298
Reviews of adherenceconclude that approximately 50%
of people do not take their medication asprescribed, and
these rates are similar across chronic physical and mental
disorders.Improvingmedication adherence inpersons with
mentally ill reduces morbidity and suering of patients
and their families, along with reducing rates of relapse
and rehospitalization. Aims and Objectives: To measure
the prevalence of treatment non‑adherence, associated
risk factors with non‑adherence and medication inuences
in patients suering from schizophrenia and depression.
Methodology: The current study was conducted at
Department of Psychiatry, MIMSGeneral Hospital,
Vizianagaram with a total sample of 80 patients (40
Schizophrenia,40 Depression) for a period of 1 year 6
months (January 2016 – July 2017) using aself‑structured
proforma, socio‑demographic variables and ROMI scales.
Adherenceis the extent to which a person’s behavior
coincides with medical or health adviceand treatment
standards. Criteria for dening non‑adherence are less
than 80% ofprescribed medication taken or gaps in the
medication of at least 7 days. Results: The prevalence of
non‑adherence in schizophrenia is 65% and Depressionis
55%. In ROMI scale for medications inuence feeling
that medications currentlynecessary, no perceived daily
benet are important reasons for treatment nonadherencein
bothSchizophrenia and Depression. Stigma and Denial
of illness aresignicant reasons for non‑adherence in
schizophrenia which is not present indepression patients.
Discussion: Higher non‑adherence in schizophrenia can
be mainly due to denial ollness. Rural area of residence,
unemployment, and nancial obstacles areimportant risk
factors for non‑adherence. Conclusion: Non‑adherence is
commonly under‑recognized in current psychiatricsetup
which may have a signicant impact on the course of
illnessandtherebyonthe daytoday functioning.Programs
aiming at nding out the reasons for nonadherence and
necessary interventions to improve adherence should be
initiated. There is a need to provide psycho‑education
to the patient and family about the illness and need for
treatmentadherence.
Keywords:Depression,nonadeherence, schizophrenia
FP 34: Parental perception on usage of touch
screen device in children 0‑6 years
J. Hepsi Bai, K. Sandhiya
AIIMS, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
E‑mail: hepsijoseph@gmail.com
Introduction: Technology progress is leading to an
increase usage of media among people from infant to
adults. Nowadays young children are growing up in
environment saturated with media devices in hand that
catch their attention. Parental perception plays a vital
role to decide to provide digital devices to their children.
Objectives: To assess perception of parents on usage
of Touch Screen Device (TSD) among children aged
0‑6 years. Methodology: A cross sectional survey was
conducted among 69 parents of children aged 0‑6 years
usingnon‑probability convenientsamplingtechnique.Data
were collected using a pretested validated questionnaire
to assess perception of parents on usage of Touch
Screen Device among their children. Results: The mean
chronological age of the children surveyed was 34±16
months with 8 (11.6%) infants, 29 (42%) toddlers and
32 (46%) pre‑schoolers. The mean age at initial use
of TSD was 15.5 ±9 months. Majority of parents 48
(68.8%) mentioned that there was no xed time to use
TSD in a day and the average daily use TSD by parents
was comparatively high extended from 5 to 300 minutes
than children’s usage from 6 to 60 minutes in a day.
Nearly 49 (86%) children used TSD every day without
any specic time. Out of 69 children used TSD 49 (71%)
watched Television and 28 (41%) of them watched for 30
minutesto 1 hour in a day.In regard toperception81%of
parentsperceived using touchscreen device wasnot good
for their child’s brain development, and 10% believed
that only TSD can makes their child to enjoy and relax.
Nearly three forth 75.4% of them agreed TSD may aect
their child’s outdoor play. Half of them agreed that they
can do household work when their child was occupied
with TSD. 82% of parents accepted TSD usage will not
help to spend more time with her/his siblings at the same
timethey felt theirchild should knowto use touchscreen
devicewhen other children ofsameageknows/does.74%
parents believed TSD was the only option to keep their
child calm while feeding/ crying/ meeting child’s basic
needs and they also agreed they were aware that usage of
touch screen device can harm their child’s health (vision/
communication/ development) at young age. Only 23%
mothersperceivedtheydoesn’thave any option other than
touchscreendevicetoengagetheirchild.Itwasalsofound
that there was positive correlation between parental TSD
usage time and duration of child’s TSD (r=0.2, p=0.01),
age at started TSD usage and duration of child’s TSD
usage (r=0.3, p=0.001). Conclusion: It is important for
the physicians and parents to be aware about the negative
eects of TSD by young children whether it will be TV,
smartphoneor other electronic devices.
Keywords: 0‑ 6 years children, parental perception, touch
screendevice use
FP 35: Touch screen device usage and its
correlation with sleep pattern among infants and
toddlers
J. Hepsi Bai, K. Sandhiya
AIIMS, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
E‑mail: hepsijoseph@gmail.com
Introduction: American Academy of Pediatrics has
recommended that children younger than 2 years should
avoid digital media other than video chatting. The
[Downloaded free from http://www.indjsp.org on Friday, March 12, 2021, IP: 49.207.196.36]

Abstract
Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry | Volume 35 | Issue 4 | October-December 2019 299
adverse eects of early and prolonged exposure to digital
technologyhasreportedasinterferencewithneuro‑cognitive
development, learning, sight, listening and wellbeing. The
association between touch screen device usage and sleep
of infants and toddlers has not much explored in Indian
Scenario. Objectives: 1. To assess usage of Touch Screen
Device (TSD) among infants and toddlers. 2. To determine
the relationship between touch screen device usage and
sleep of infants and toddlers. Methodology: A cross
sectional survey was conducted among 76 families with
infants and toddlers recruited using convenient sampling
technique. Data were collected using a pretested validated
survey questionnaire to assess the pattern of using touch
screen device and Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire (BISQ)
to assess the sleep pattern and problems among infants and
toddlers. Results: Out of 76 families surveyed 73 (96 %)
reported owning touch screen devices in home. Of these,
57 (78%) reported touch screen device used by infants
and toddlers. 51 (89.5%) own smart phone. Parental use of
TSDwas 47.7± 7 minutesin a day.Themean age at initial
use of TSD was 15.6 ±5.8 months and average daily use
of TSD extended from 5 to 360 minutes with average use
of 65±9.6 minutes in a day. 49 (86%) children usedTSD
every day without any specic time 44 (77%). Majority of
parents31 (54%) citedmultiple reasons forusing TSD like
watchingsongs, watching noneducational you tubevideos/
children’smovies/lms,pressing buttononscreenaimlessly.
Nearly half of the mothers 29 (51%) mentioned “Feeding
thechild” was the maincircumstance to use TSD. Majority
40(70.2%) of childrenwatchedTV along with TSDfor 38
±5.8minutes.Regardingthesleep,nearly51(89%) children
slept <12 hours at night with <5 episodes of awakening
33(57%),andmajorityofchildren55(96%)sleptlessthan4
hoursatdaytime and9(16%) parentswereconsidered their
children’ssleep as asmall problem.There wasa signicant
negative co relation between night time sleep duration and
TSD time usage (r= ‑0.35, p = 0.007). Conclusion: WHO
also suggested that parents should replace screen time and
screen devices with more enriching activities. Parents have
to limit their own digital device usage. A more interaction
of play, recreational activities other than media usage help
childrento engage their time eectively.
Keywords:Infantsandtoddlers, sleeppattern,touch screen
deviceuse
FP 36: Opioid use in women of northern India:
A case series
Bhavika Rai, Aniruddha Basu, Anindya Das
All India Institute of Medical sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand,
India. E‑mail: bhavika23.ltmmc@gmail.com
Introduction: Amongst Substance use disorders, Opioid
use disorder has beenextensively studied, but limited
literature is available with respect to opioid use inwomen,
with category of opioid used, reasons for initiation and
factorsmaintaining the use dierent in both the sexes.
Even lesser data has beenreported from the Northern part
of Indian subcontinent. Aims and Objectives: To study
the prole of women in Northern India withOpioid use
disorder. Methodology: Case records of three women,
visiting the De‑addiction clinic ofAll India Institute of
Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India, diagnosed as Mental
andBehavioral Disorder due to substance use: dependence
syndrome, according toICD‑10, were reviewed. The
review focused on demographic, clinical and socialaspects
pertaining to opioid use. Results and Conclusion:
All the three women were middle aged women from
arural background, having prescription opioid use in
injectable form, initiated ondrugs in order to alleviate pain
complaints prescribed by practitioners, maintainedbecause
of pertaining interpersonal issues with spouses or family
members,psychiatric co‑morbidities like depressive
disordersand personality traits;andresulted in physical co‑
morbiditieslikeulcersoverbothupperand lower limbsand
infectionwith Hepatitis C.
Keywords:Co‑morbidities,India, opioid use, women
FP 37: Mental health care act 2017
Tathagata Biswas, Dhritiman Das, TanayMaiti,
JigyansaIpsita Pattnaik, Susanta Kumar Padhy
AIIMS, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
E‑mail: drtanaymaiti@gmail.com
Introduction: Mental Health Acts in India has a long
history having its roots in the pre‑independence time as
the Indian Lunatic Asylum Act of 1858 and the Indian
Lunacy Act of 1912. Post‑Independence the establishment
of Indian Psychiatric Association in 1947, paved the way
for the Mental Health Act of 1987. The more than 30
years old legislation needed revision at the present age
with added importance to the right to mental health and
rights of patients with mental illness. Thus, The Mental
Health Care Bill was proposed in 2013 and subsequently
the Mental Health Care Act (MHCA) was passed on 7
April 2017. The novice Act aims to achieve a greater
degree of mental health and justice in the Indian Society.
However, its provisions have greatly been debated for
numerousshortcomings. Aims and Objectives: To discuss
the changes brought by the MHCA and its impact on the
mental health and to identify and discuss the gaps/lacunae
in the MHCA. Methodology: Literature and web‑based
search, with search phrases like the Mental Health Care
Act, MHCA impact, Gaps in MHCA, MHCA Debate etc.
Discussion: MHCA 2017 promises to ‘provide mental
healthcare and services for persons with mental illness’
while at the same time aims ‘to protect, promote and
full the rights of such person during delivery of health
care and services.’ It empowers the people with mental
illness with advanced directives, nominated representatives
and voluntary admission. But challenges like inadequate
resources to meet the ambitious structures proposed in the
act, minimal importance to prevention and promotion of
[Downloaded free from http://www.indjsp.org on Friday, March 12, 2021, IP: 49.207.196.36]

Abstract
Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry | Volume 35 | Issue 4 | October-December 2019300
mental well‑being, paradoxical features causing possible
barriers(advanced directivesbeing overridden byMHCB),
possible delay in treatment initiation due to reduced rights
of the caregivers etc might weaken the objectives of the
Act.
Keywords:Future,gaps, mental health care act
FP 38: Dissociative suicide attempt in an
adolescent male with borderline intelligence: A
case description
Ankita Chattopadhyay, Ragul Ganesh,
Bichitra Nanda Patra, Rajesh Sagar
Department of Psychiatry, AIIMS, New Delhi, India.
E‑mail: chattopadhyayankita@gmail.com
Introduction: Suicide or self harm attempts are common
in patients suering from dissociative disorder. In such
patients, suicide attempts increase the risk of mortality.
Aims and Objectives: We, hereby,present the description
of an adolescent male, attempting suicide during the
dissociative episodes. Case Description: A 18 year old
adolescentmale,studyingintenthstandard,presentedtothe
medicalemergency,afteranattemptto killselfbyhanging.
Detailed history taking and examination were done for
evaluation. Detailed history revealed onset of dissociative
convulsions after the failure of the patient to pass his
board examination, aggravated by any critical comments
regarding his academic failure. Subsequently, he would
also have possession spell in which he would be acting
like a person of dierent religion and performing their
religiousrituals. Further exploration,along with lorazepam
assisted interview, revealed conicts with family members
regarding his friendship with people of the other religion.
About3monthslater,the patient would be seen attempting
to harm self during the dissociative spell, all of which
wouldbeofhighlethality andwouldhavetobeinterrupted
by family members. Mental status examination revealed
euthymic aect, without any pessimistic views or wish to
die or suicidal ideation. IQ assessment revealed borderline
intelligence.In the ward course, apart from the dissociative
episodes, he would be interacting and engaging in ward
activities.Nopersistentmoodsymptomscouldbeobserved.
But the concomitant suicide attempts during dissociation
in background of borderline intelligence, were posing
dicultyin carrying out non pharmacologicalinterventions
initially. However, he continued to show improvement
during the sessions on OPD basis. Conclusion: The co‑
morbidity of self harm attempt with dissociation is too
great to be neglected. This case not only adds to the fact
that there might be a common psychodynamic origin, but
that suicidality occurring during dissociation, leads to
dicultyin management of such patients.
Keywords:Adolescent,dissociative,selfharm,suicide
FP 39: Are children safe? The societal
underpinnings of increasing childhood sexual
abuse
Jigyansa Ipsita Pattnaik, Tanu Sharma,
Susanta Kumar Padhy
AIIMS, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. E‑mail: susanta.pgi30@yahoo.co.in
Introduction: India leads the world in child sexual abuse
country. Every 15 minutes, achild is sexually abused in
India. The dynamics of child sexual abuse is dierent
from adultabuse. There are increasing instances of sexual
crimes with perpetrator‑glorication ofsexual abuses
and multiple loopholes in the Indian Judicial system.
In the light of rise in theincidence of quite frightening
and emotionally disturbing sexual oenses on children,
thereason behind such acts on children needs deep
reection. Aims and Objectives: to study the societal
underpinnings of increasing childhood sexualabuse.
Methodology:ExistingliteratureonChildSexualAbuse is
studied and its varied scenarioare delineated. The Pubmed
database was extensively searched using key words: child
sexualabuse,childrenandrape, rape and society,childhood
abuse. A descriptive study was performed focusing on the
societal underpinnings and psychodynamic perspective.
Conclusion: The Indian society is in a state of chaos with
an amalgamation of Westernculture and changings stands
on morality. Sexual liberation with pornography enacting
onunusual sexual fantasies opens way for experimentation.
This cultivates perverted sexualdesires that pave way for
seeking instant gratication without fear of the law or any
moralinhibition. In the absence of adequate marital sexual
satisfaction, with partner‑specicincompatibility, is the
target of sexual gratication is probably shifting towards a
morevulnerableclass‑ the Children.
Keywords: Child sexual abuse, childhood abuse, children
andrape,rape and society
FP 40: Psychogenic vomiting: A comprehensive
review of existing scientic publications and way
forward for mental health professionals
Tathagata Biswas, Jigyansa Ipsita Pattnaik, Tanay Maiti,
Jayaprakash Russell Ravan
AIIMS, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. E-mail: tatsbits@redimail.com
Introduction: Recurrent or self‑induced vomiting can
be caused independently by aplethora of surgical and
medical reasons, all of which needs to be eectively
ruled out beforetreating in lines of psychogenic origin.
Also, the diculty in stopping the behaviour calls
for amore scientic approach for its management.
Aims and Objectives: To propose a scientic and logical
approach for diagnosis andmanagement of Psychogenic
vomiting. Methodology: Existing literature on recurrent
vomiting is studied and its varied causes(including
surgical and medical) are delineated. An algorithm to
[Downloaded free from http://www.indjsp.org on Friday, March 12, 2021, IP: 49.207.196.36]

Abstract
Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry | Volume 35 | Issue 4 | October-December 2019 301
clinical approach is therebyproposed keeping in view of
the non‑psychiatric causes. Finally, an eective treatment
forpsychogenicrecurrent/self‑induced vomitingisprovided.
Results:Psychogenicis not simple behavioureasy tostop.
A mental health professionalmust also consider the non‑
psychiatric causes of recurrent vomiting before starting
ontreatment. This includes common aetiologies such
as gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, hepatitis, appendicitis,
pancreatitis, cholecystitis, gastro‑intestinal obstruction,
irritable bowelsyndrome, pregnancy, uncontrolled
diabetes, constipation and sore throat. A detailed history
accompanied by investigations like complete hemogram,
ABG, antibodytitres, plain abdominal X‑ray or CECT, etc.
often becomes indispensable in clinching the diagnosis.
Conclusion: A rational approach to such a case is needed
to prevent under treatment or wrong‑treatment and assure
eectivemanagement.
Keywords: Eating disorder, psychogenic vomiting,
recurrentvomiting, self‑induced vomiting
FP 41: Delirium research in India: A bibliometric
study
K. Sanjana, Devakshi Dua, Sandeep Grover
Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh,
India. E‑mail: sanjanak279doc@gmail.com
Background: Delirium is fairly common diagnosis seen
in medically ill patients, in all the treatment set‑ups, with
relativelyhigherincidenceandprevalenceinintensive care
units. Considering the fact that, delirium is encountered
in multiple specialties, it is important to understand the
research on this diagnosis. Objectives: To assess the
research output involving patients of delirium from India.
Materials and Methods: A comprehensive search was
undertaken using Medline (PubMed) as database. Search
words included were “delirium” AND “India”. No lters
were used. Inclusion criteria were studies conducted or
reported from India, with delirium as the research subject
or a reported outcome. Results: A total of 264 articles
wereidentied out ofwhich222mettheeligibilitycriteria.
The available data suggests that most of the published
papers are in the form of case reports and have reported
delirium as an adverse event of certain medications or
interventions.Therearelimited numberoforiginalresearch
papers, and most of this research has been carried out
by the psychiatrists. Some of these original studies have
included specialists from more than one specialty.Most of
the original papers have either focused on epidemiology
(incidence, prevalence, outcome, etc.), symptom prole,
with some of the studies evaluating the ecacy/
eectiveness of various pharmacological interventions.
Most of the centres across the country have not produced
anyresearchondelirium.Thereareno multi‑centricstudies
involving multiple centres from India. Conclusion: There
is a dearth of research in the eld of delirium from India.
Thereisalackofstudiesonbiomarkers,evaluationofnon‑
pharmacologicalinterventions, andstrategiesevaluatingthe
prevention of delirium. It is the need of the hour to carry
outmorestudiesto furtherourunderstandingofdeliriumin
Indiancontext.
Keywords:Delirium,India, research
FP 42: Cross cultural variation in Kleine‑Levin
syndrome (East vs. West) from phenomenology
to intervention
Abhipsa Das, Akhila Ghanta, Vijay Raj Pratheek,
M. Anupam, R. A. Deepthi, K. Tannu, P. JigyansaIpsita,
Santanu Nath, M. Tanay, J. P. R. Ravan, S. K. Das,
Sushant Padhy, R. C. Das
E‑mail: abhipsadas3@gmail.com
Background: Kleine–Levin syndrome (KLS) is a
rare self remitting disorder of unknownorigin that
usually aects adolescent males.It is characterized by
episodes lasting from 1 toseveral weeks, and comprises
neurological (hypersomnia, confusion, slowness, amnesia)
andneuropsychiatric symptoms (derealization and apathy).
Some psychiatric symptoms(megaphagia, hypersexuality,
anxiety, depressed mood, hallucinations, delusions) arise
duringepisodes, albeit less frequently, while patients
are normal between episodes. Aim and Objective: To
study the phenomenological characteristics of KLS in
our Easternethnic populations of India and to study the
dierence in associated diagnostic marker &management
techniques. Case Description: we report 5 cases observed
in the department of Psychiatry andbehavioural sciences
at Kalinga institute of medical sciences and AIIMS
Bubaneswar. Thediagnosis was clinical, based on the
recurrence of hypersomnia, cognitive and behavioural
disorders during the periods of hypersomnia, and the
return of patients to normal statebetween episodes. We
compared the clinical characteristics of 5 adolescent
patients withKLS,3 females and 2 males, to those in other
publishedcohorts.Asdescribedintheliterature,ourpatients
had recurrent hypersomnia, which was sudden in onset.
This hypersomnia waslong, 16‑24 hours a day.The mean
durationoftheepisode was 10 days.Our patientseectively
recovered and achieved a clinically normal state between
episodes. Discussion: All the ve patients presented
with predominantly hypersomnolence and hyperphagia
without hypersexuality in contrast to western ndings
where hypersexuality isfound more commonly. Patients
tend to eat compulsively and in large amounts. They have
apredilectionforsweetfoodandin westerncultureforjunk
foodsuch as burgersetc.However,keeping in line withour
cultural background, all our patients reported to eatlarger
amounts of food (megaphagia) with a preference for local
snackitems(suchaspuedrice (Moodi),Maggi andmixture
etc. The EEG is the examination which is most frequently
abnormal in the KLS. However, our patients did not have
any specic eeg changes or raised prolactin levels. Inspite
[Downloaded free from http://www.indjsp.org on Friday, March 12, 2021, IP: 49.207.196.36]

Abstract
Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry | Volume 35 | Issue 4 | October-December 2019302
of the various psychotropic agents, including lithium,
anticonvulsants and antidepressants.By and large lithium
is considered to be preferred drug for treatment aswell as
prophylaxis. Here we report good clinical response with
Lamotrigine (~200mg per day on an average) in all the
ve cases which is not one of the routinely advocated
treatments. Conclusion: The Kleine‑Levin syndrome is a
rare neurological pathology. Patients with KLS treated in
our setup exhibited dierences in clinical characteristics
duringepisodes compared to patients withKLSofdierent
ethnicities. However the dierence in the manifestations
over a wide cultural background, phenomenology,
investigations and newer treatment modalities should be
given consideration while diagnosing and treating these
patientsfor afavourable outcome.
Keywords: Intervention, Klein Levin syndrome,
phenomenology
FP 43: A comparative study of quality of life
among elderly in old age homes and family setup
in urban Raipur, Chhattisgarh
Soumya Swaroop Sahoo, Vazinder Kaur1,
Udit Kumar Panda2
Department of Community Medicine, AIIMS, Bathinda, Punjab, 1NHM,
Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 2Department of Psychiatry, NIMHANS, Bengaluru,
Karnataka, India. E‑mail: swaroop.drsoumya@gmail.com
Introduction: Population ageing is an irreversible
and imminent demographic reality. Elderly represent
a vulnerable group needing special care and support.
QOL among the elderly is an important area of concern
as it reects their overall health status and well‑
being. Aims and Objectives: To compare the quality
of life of elderly residing in the family set up and
old age homes and to assess the factors aecting it.
Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was
conducted among 100 elderly persons (50 each from old
age home and community) in an urban locality of Raipur.
A pretested predesigned questionnaire was used to collect
informationregarding socio‑demographic variablesandco‑
morbidities. Older people quality of people (OPQOL‑35)
scale was used to assess the quality of life. Data entry
and analysis were performed using SPSS version 17.0.
Results:The mean age ofthe respondents was70.28±8.34
years. The QOL of the elderly residing in the old age
homes (112.74±10.71) was found to be better than in the
community(95.34±6.51).Genderwise,QOLofmales were
betterthanfemales.Inmultivariateanalysis, increasingage,
nancialdependenceandeducationuptoprimaryandbelow
were found to be associated with a poor quality of life.
Conclusion: Health promotion strategies, social support,
counselingwithnancialassistance, earlyidenticationand
management of chronic diseases can bring a considerable
reduction in the morbidity and mortality along with
improvingthe QOLamongtheelderly.
Keywords:Elderly,oldagehome,QOL
FP 44: A cross sectional study of long term
course of bipolar disorder
S. Dhiman, B. N. Subodh, S. Chakrabarti
Department of Psychiatry, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India. E‑mail:
20dhimandolly17@gmail.com
Background:Even though the courseof bipolar disorder
hasbeen well documentedbyseveral large scale studies,
butthe studies on the courseofBipolarDisorderinIndia
are sparse. Few of the studies that have been conducted
in India, indicate the possibility of dierences in the
course of BD in Indian population. There are several
methodologicallacunae, lack of standardizedinstruments
and relative absence of information on key aspects
such as disability, co‑morbidity, treatment adherence
and suicidal behavior. Methods: 200 patients aged 18‑
65y, diagnosed to be suering from bipolar disorder on
Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview‑ PLUS
(MINI‑PLUS), selected by systematic random sampling,
were assessed cross‑sectionally on National Institute
of Mental Health‑Retrospective Life Charts‑Clinician
and Self rated versions NIMH‑LCM(C and S/R),Young
Mania Rating Scale( YMRS), Hamilton Depression
Rating Scale (HDRS), Columbia Suicide Severity
Rating Scale (C‑SSRS), Indian Disability Evaluation
and Assessment Scale(IDEAS), Medication Adherence
Questionnaire(MAQ) and Presumptive Stressful Life
Events Scale (PSLES). Results: Mean age of onset was
around 25 years, each patient suered from an average
of9.25 episodes inhis/herlifetime with maniabeingthe
predominant polarity and manic episodes outnumbered
depressive episodes. Mean duration of untreated illness
around 2.5y.Around half of the cases had a positive
family history of mental illness, life events preceded
the onset of episodes in more than 2/3rd cases. 43%
had psychiatric co‑morbidity and 37% had medical co‑
morbidity. The prevalence of lifetime suicide attempts
came out to be 16.5%. Benchmark disability seen in
74% of cases. 58.5% of the cases were non adherent
to treatment. Conclusion: The present study suggests
that in Northern part of India, mania is the predominant
polarity, as opposed to depression in the Western
population. Patients suer from more number of manic
episodes as compared to depressive ones. Nearly half
havepsychiatric co‑morbidityandonethird havemedical
co‑morbidity. Around 1/5th of the patients attempted
suicide at least once in their lifetime. More than 2/3rd
suer from signicant disability. So the present study
negates the traditional view that Bipolar Disorder has
goodoutcome and complete recovery.
Keywords:Bipolardisorder,course,India
[Downloaded free from http://www.indjsp.org on Friday, March 12, 2021, IP: 49.207.196.36]

Abstract
Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry | Volume 35 | Issue 4 | October-December 2019 303
FP 45: Caregiver burden and disability
in somatoform disorder: A cross‑sectional
comparative study
Esther Chinneimawei, Padmavathy Nagarajan,
Vikas Menon1
College of Nursing, 1Department of Psychiatry, JIPMER, Puducherry,
India. E‑mail: drvmenon@gmail.com
Introduction: There is a paucity of systematic data on
caregiver burden and disability among patients with
somatoform disorders. Aims and Objectives: To assess
levels of disability among patients with somatization
disorder and levels of burden among their caregivers
and compare these parameters against patients with
schizophrenia. Methodology: Participants included adults
with a stable diagnosis of somatoform disorders (F45.0
– F 45.9) (n=28) or schizophrenia (F20.0‑ F20.9) (n=28)
diagnosed as per International Classication of Diseases
(ICD) ‑10, clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines,
as well as their caregivers. WHO Disability Assessment
Schedule 2.0 and Family Burden Interview Schedule were
used to assess patient disability and caregiver burden,
respectively. Independent student t‑test or Chi‑square
analysis was used to compare relevant socio‑demographic
and clinical parameters. Results: The mean age of sample
was 38.6(±10.5). Females constituted a slender majority
of sample (n=29, 51.8%). The mean disability scores of
patients with somatoform disorders was 83.6 (+20.9).
Mean disability scores were comparable between the two
groups (t=0.26, df=54, p=0.80) as were the mean scores
for caregiver burden (t=1.26, df=54, p=0.21). Conclusion:
Patients with somatoform disorders experience signicant
levels of disability and inict levels of caregiver
burden comparable to severe mental illnesses such as
schizophrenia.
Keywords: somatization, somatoform disorders,
schizophrenia,disability,caregiverburden
FP 46: Level of anxiety among patients
undergoing coronary angiography
Mahalingam Venkateshan, Shobha Masih1, Nayan Paul2
AIIMS Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 1Himalayan College of
Nursing, SRHU, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 2Sardar Patel College of
Nursing, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. E‑mail: nurs_mahalingam@
aiimsbhubaneswar.edu.in, milkymaha2007@gmail.com
Introduction: Invasive procedure induced anxiety is
associated with worst outcome in coronary artery disease
patients. Very limited data been available in exiting
literatureabouttheanxietyin patients undergoing coronary
procedure. The Aim of this study was to measure the
level of anxiety among patients undergoing coronary
angiography. Methods: A cross sectional study was
conductedin2017atMulti‑specialityHospital,Uttarakhand.
Clinically diagnosed coronary artery disease patients, aged
between30‑60 yearsandbothmale&female patients were
included in the study and clinically diagnosed patients
with other chronic disorders were excluded from the
study. Sixty patients undergoing corony angiography were
consecutively selected from the study population to study
the variables. All the study participants were interviewed
about their level of anxiety by using fourteen items Max
Hamilton a Scale. Written informed consent was obtained
from each study participants before starting the data
collection and ethical committee permission was obtained
from the concerned authority. Results: More than half
(58.3%) of the coronary artery disease patients undergone
coronary angiography reported moderate to severe level of
anxiety and 40% of cardiovascular patients were reported
mild to moderate level of anxiety. Level of anxiety mean
score (25.83±4.8) among study sample signicantly
lower than the population anxiety mean score (115.97) at
the level of signicance p≤0.05. Previously hospitalized
(0.017) and Patients diagnosed with Myocardial infarction
(0.011) shown signicant association with their level of
anxiety. Conclusion: Majority of the coronary artery
disease patients undergoing coronary angiography reported
Moderate to Severe level of anxiety. Patients undergoing
coronaryangiography mustbescreenedforlevel ofanxiety
and interventions can be planned for reducing the anxiety
whichwill fasten the prognosis of the patients.
Keywords:Coronaryangiography,coronaryartery disease,
levelof anxiety
FP 47: The relationship between alexithymia and
cognitive abilities in gaming addiction
Kashyapi Thakuria
Christ University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
E‑mail: kashyapi.thakuria@res.christuniversity.in
Aswithaddictionsofallkinds,gamingaddictionislikelythe
symptomof underlying issues thathavenotbeenaddressed
inIndian context. Constricted imaginalprocessordiculty
in describing feelings or utilitarian way of thinking may
be positively associated with addiction. Objective: First
objective is to review the literature on cognitive prole of
individuals with gaming addiction. Second objective is to
describe the investigated relationship between alexithymia
and cognitive abilities among individuals with gaming
addiction.Methods:Article search of15published articles
between 2000 and 2019 in Medline, PubMed, Google
Scholar, Bieleeld Academic Search Engine, Proquest,
on cognitive function and alexithymia relation with video
gameaddiction. Nine abstinent“ecstasy”hard core gamers
and 8 control subjects were scanned at baseline using
screeningtest Clinical scales (IGD 20and GHQ andTAS‑
20) and Cognitive Scales (NIMHANS Neuropsychological
battery) was used to assess varying cognitive processes
underlying gaming addiction and aspects associated
with alexithymia. Results: The ndings would indicate
a comprehensive cognitive prole of individuals with
gamingaddictionandresultwouldfurtherindicatewhether
[Downloaded free from http://www.indjsp.org on Friday, March 12, 2021, IP: 49.207.196.36]

Abstract
Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry | Volume 35 | Issue 4 | October-December 2019304
any relationship exist between alexithymia and cognitive
abilities among individuals with gaming addiction and
dierences in basic cognitive functions between IGD
group and healthy controls. Implications: The study has
future implications for developing early identication of
problematic symptoms associated with gaming disorder.
Developing awareness and understanding on problematic
gaming and its relationship with alexithymia; that would
aid in designing eective strategies (interventions) for
treating gaming addiction. In the emerging era of internet
use, we must learn to dierentiate excessive internet use
fromaddictionand be vigilant about psychopathology.
Keywords: Alexithymia, cognitive abilities, gaming
addiction
FP 48: A qualitative study of phubbing
phenomena in students in digital online world
Kashyapi Thakuria
Christ University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. E‑mail: kashyapi.
thakuria@res.christuniversity.in
Introduction: Issue of ignoring conversational partners
as a result of getting inclined towards one’s phone is
also known as phubbing. Phubbing behavior is associated
with a host of negative interpersonal consequences.
Aims and Objectives: To explore phubbing behaviour
in students. Methodology: Guwahati Commerce college
is an institution that provides general upper secondary
educationin commerce to students aged approximately 16–
20 years. After 6 months of open ethnographic participant
observation in numerous lecture rooms, individual
students are formally interviewed regarding their use of
technologies. Informed consent was valued.25 students
were interviewed in the campus. All participants actively
responded and volitionally engaged in the study.Semi‑
structured interview was conducted, which implied that
theyfollowedaninterviewguide.Inthe beginning, queries
rotated around students’ pattern of use of technologies
during class hours; other questions on students’ use of
digital devices in their leisure time for instance questions
whether one’s use technology outside of school if yes,
then how?”, or they prefer using social media conjointly
when they are with their friends”. The interviews lasted
nearly 20 minutes on an average (some shorter, some a
gooddeal longer). Soundrecordingswere soon transcribed
to text. As a qualitative research, an interpretive approach
was used in data analysis procedure. The excerpts have
been accustomed best mirror the points of interest. The
researcher explores young people’s normative relationship
to phubbing. Results: Students’ attitudes toward the use
of phones during social interactions are characterized by
an “ambivalence”: On one hand, they resent when other
people phubb them (ignoring another person by ddling
tomobile phones orany other technologyuse) whereas on
the other hand, they often proceed to phubb others. It was
found students exhibit negative attitude toward phubbing
and her own technologically mediated actions. This
discrepancy would turn out to be quite common among
students. Conclusion: A factor that appears to outline
phubbing is lack of purpose inherent in absentmindedly or
arbitrarilychecking socialmedia.Sttudentsarefairly aware
of the negative consequences of phubbing. Even after
knowing that phubbing has adverse eect in relationships,
they desire to abstain from it, yet they continue to engage
inthis behaviour.
Keywords:Akratic,digital,phubbingbehaviour
[Downloaded free from http://www.indjsp.org on Friday, March 12, 2021, IP: 49.207.196.36]