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MITOGENOME ANNOUNCEMENT
The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.)
DC. Wild. (Rehmannia)
Hao Yang
a
, Yohei Sasaki
b
, Conglong Lian
a
, Lili Wang
a
, Fei Zhang
a
, Xueyu Zhang
a
and Suiqing Chen
a
a
Pharmacy College of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China;
b
College of Health and Medicine, Kanazawa University,
Kanazawa, Japan
ABSTRACT
In this study, we constructed and annotated a complete circular chloroplast genome of wild R. gluti-
nosa. The chloroplast genome of wild R. glutinosa is 153,678 bp in length, including two inverted
repeat (IR) regions of 25,759 bp, separated by a large single copy (LSC) region of 84,544 bp and a small
single copy (SSC) region of 17,616bp. The genome contains 149 genes, including 104 protein-coding
genes, 37 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes. Neighbor-joining method phylogenomic analysis showed
that wild R. glutinosa formed a monophyletic group, and was sister to other groups of R. glutinosa.
ARTICLE HISTORY
Received 2 November 2020
Accepted 22 January 2021
KEYWORDS
Rehmannia glutinosa Wild;
chloroplast genome;
phylogeny
Wild Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) DC. is a perennial herb of
the Scrophulariaceae family. The wild and cultivated species
of R. glutinosa belong to the same plant in classification, and
the morphological characteristics are very similar, but the
underground root tuber size difference is very obvious (Li
et al. 2013). Therefore, different scholars have different
nomenclature and classification, and both Chinese Flora and
Chinese Pharmacopoeia unify the scientific name of
Rehmanniae radix into R. glutinosa from the perspective of
large species (Lou et al. 1995). Xie believes that from the
viewpoint of paying attention to authentic medicinal materi-
als in the development of traditional Chinese medicine, it is
believed that the thickness of underground parts of wild
R. glutinosa and cultivated R. glutinosa is different, and the
quality of medicinal materials is different. In order to ensure
the correct supply of drugs according to the name of drugs,
the scientific names of the two are still appropriate to be
applied separately (Xie 1990).
In recent years, DNA barcoding has developed into a
powerful tool for species identification. Compared with com-
mon DNA barcode short fragments, the whole chloroplast
genome contains more abundant mutation sites and identifi-
cation efficiency is high (Jiang et al. 2020). Therefore, in this
study, we assembled the complete chloroplast genome of
wild R. glutinosa based on next generation sequencing tech-
nology, analyzed the basic structure of the chloroplast gen-
ome of wild R. glutinosa revealed the phylogenetic
relationship between wild and cultivated R. glutinosa by con-
structing a phylogenetic tree, provided a molecular basis for
the classification and nomenclature of wild and cultivated
R. glutinosa and laid the foundation for the excavation of
excellent genes of wild R. glutinosa.
Fresh leaves of wild R. glutinosa were collected from
Wanxianshan (11361078.2200E, 3572027.1000N) in Xinxiang City,
Henan Province, China and stored in the herbarium of Henan
University of Traditional Chinese Medicine with voucher speci-
men number: HZYYHC15. Total genomic DNA was extracted
using a Rapid Plant Genomic DNA Isolation extraction kit.
This experiment adopts the Illumina HiSeq PE150 platform,
a 300 bp (insertion size) double-ended library was con-
structed by splicing DNA. First, the quality of the original
sequencing data was evaluated by FastQC, then the quality
of the sequencing data with low quality was cut by
Trimmomatic to obtain relatively accurate and effective data.
SPAdes 3.13.1 was used to assemble the filtered sequencing
data and GapFiller was used to fill gaps in assembled contigs
(Bankevich et al. 2012). PrlnSeS-G was used for sequence cor-
rection. Plann is used for initial annotation (Huang and Cronk
2015). The complete annotated chloroplast genomic
sequence annotated had been submitted to GenBank under
the accession number of MW007380 for wild R. glutinosa.
The structure of chloroplast genome of wild R. glutinosa
was circular, and the size was 153,678 bp, including two
inverted repeat (IR) regions of 25,759 bp, separated by a large
single copy (LSC) region of 84,544 bp and a small single copy
(SSC) region of 17,616 bp. The whole chloroplast genome GC
content is 37.91%. There are 149 genes in the chloroplast
genome of wild R. glutinosa including 104 protein-coding
genes, 37 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes.
We selected 15 chloroplast genome sequences of R. gluti-
nosa and Scrophularia dentata Royle ex Benth.
(Scrophulariaceae) as outgroups and constructed a phylogen-
etic tree using the ML (maximum likelihood) method (boot-
strap: 1000) embedded in MEGA software (Xia et al. 2016),
CONTACT Suiqing Chen suiqingchen@163.com Pharmacy College of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
ß2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use,
distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B
2021, VOL. 6, NO. 3, 769–770
https://doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2021.1881837
the results showed that R. glutinosa was clustered separately
in the mainland of Rehmannia and wild and cultivated R. glu-
tinosa were sister clades. Among them, these samples
(KX636157\NC034308) were transplanted from wild to culti-
vated (Zeng et al. 2017). The phylogenetic tree demonstrated
the domestication process from wild to cultivated (Figure 1).
Xie’s view is also supported at the chloroplast genome level
to classify and name wild and cultivated R. glutinosa.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
Funding
This study was funded by the General Project of the National Natural
Science Foundation of China Study on the Pharmacodynamic Material
Basis and Quality Markers of Rehmanniae radix with ‘One effect and mul-
tiple Sources’(81973477) and Henan Agricultural Science and Education
[2018] No. 14 Technical System of Chinese Medicinal Materials Industry
in Henan Province.
Data availability statement
The genome sequence data that support the findings of this study are
openly available in GenBank of NCBI at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
nuccore/MW007380.1/ under the accession no. MW007380. The
associated BioProject, SRA, and Bio-Sample numbers are PRJNA682578,
SRR13201823, and SAMN16992822, respectively.
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Figure 1. The best ML phylogenetic tree (bootstrap: 1000) from 15 Rehmannia complete chloroplast sequences.
770 H. YANG ET AL.
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