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SOCIAL POLICY OF THE STATE AS A BASIS FOR ENSURING SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
The scientific article represented an analysis of theoretical and methodological approaches to the study and teaching of social policy. The concept of "Social policy" is defined as a synthesis of theoretical and methodological approaches, as an educational discipline for students - future social workers, and as a practical activity aimed at reducing social tension in society and a tool of social justice. The author of the article analyzes the key problems of studying the problems of social policy and methods of teaching the discipline "Social Policy" in the period of a full-scale invasion. The main accents of the scientific publication are the principles, values, and effective tools of the state's social policy. Innovative teaching methods can help students - future social workers to understand the main problems of socio-economic inequality, gender aspects of social policy, methods, and directions of social protection of vulnerable categories of the population. Discussion of the results of sociological research, publications, and development of own projects made a great contribution to the development of critical thinking. The connection of the main directions and methods of social policy with the functioning and development of leading social institutions will help the practical implementation of knowledge in the everyday reality of social workers. Examples of discussions and realization of practical cases during the teaching of Social Policy as an educational discipline are offered for the analysis of social initiatives and programs in the context of various models of social policy. The active using of practical experience in the implementation of social programs and initiatives is proposed in the scientific article
Актуальність проблеми. У даній статті розглянуто актуальність теми особливостей соціальної політики в умовах воєнного стану. Дослідження фокусується на впливі війни на соціальне забезпечння та допомогу населлю країни. Результати дослідження можуть бути корисними для формулювання ефективних стратегій соціального захисту та підтримки населення під час воєнних дій. Соціальна політика в умовах війни стикається з ускладненими та викликовими проблемами, що вимагають специфічних підходів сьогодення. Активне вичення та удосконалення соціальної політики вкрай необхідне для забезпеченя захисту прав громадян у воєнний період і розробки політики безпеки для мінімізації ризиків для населення. Актуальність даної тематики визначається потребою у невідкладних та ефективних стратегіях, спрямованих на забезпечення соціальної стабільності та доброботу суспільства. Отримані наслідки вивчення даної проблеми будуть сприяти покращенню добробуту людей у кризових ситуаціях, а також виявленню ще невикористаних резервів щодо досягнення соціального добробуту населення України. Метою статті є розгляд основних аспектів соціальної політики в умовах воєнного стану, визначення ключових викликів та потреб населення. Результати. У даній статті розглянуті різноманітні аспекти наслідків впливу воєнного часу на систему соціального захисту та допомоги громадянам України. Проаналізовано важливість залучення міжнародних партнерів та гуманітарних організацій для спільного розроблення та реалізації соціальних програм. Результати статті можуть внести важливий внесок у розуміння та розв'язання соціальних проблем, які виникають в умовах війни в Україні. Висновки. Стратегічно важливим завдання держави в умовах воєнного стану є зменшення соціальної нерівності в суспільстві, скорочення чисельності людей та зростання соціальної та економічної безпеки працездатного населення. У статтє обґрунтовано доцільність впровадження системи ефективного моніторингу та оцінки соціальних програм.
The growing demand of the Ukrainian society to “reboot” the state actualizes the rethinking of the sources and content of the theory of the social state for the scientific justification of the post-war recovery, transformation of the economy and the socio-humanitarian space of Ukraine. The article aims to reveal the genesis of the theoretical concept of the social state and its economic interpretation based on the assessment and generalization of the assets of socio-economic thought in this area. Chronological boundaries cover the period from the birth of the ideas of a socially oriented state (XV–XVI centuries) to forming a coherent theory in the second half of the XX century. The methods of hermeneutics, comparative analysis and structural-logical synthesis are used. The results. The idea of a socially oriented state was born in the late Middle Ages. The supreme power’s social justice and economic efficiency were determined by the ability to ensure the public good. John Locke substantiated the concept of private property as a necessary prerequisite for civil society and the contractual interpretation of the powers of the state. The idea of building a state that regulates public life was established in the 18th century. F. Prokopovich defined the principle of public good as the basis for creating a “regular state”. The ruler’s power should be limited by law and aimed at ensuring the people’s education, security and welfare. Lorenz von Stein combined legal regulation and social orientation through the term “social state”. Representatives of the social direction in economic theory specified the regulation mechanisms of social and economic relations. At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries a view of the state as a corporate union was formed. In the 20th century, the theory of the minimal state gained popularity as the opposite of statism. At the same time, implementing the concepts of the social state and the social market economy based on neoliberalism became the basis of the booming post-war reconstruction of Germany, the revival of Western Europe and the development of European economic integration. Conclusions. The synthesized concept of the social state results from a long process of development of scientific thought regarding interpreting the unity of the state, law and economy. The rule of law is the institutional basis and a prerequisite for building a social state. The economic basis of the welfare state is a socially oriented market economy. This direction is attractive for Ukraine when choosing a vector and defining the main features of the future institutional model of the economy.
The aim of the study is a scientific substantiation and compositional presentation of comparative characteristics of social policy trends in a number of European countries, taking into account a certain set of social security criteria and drawing analytical conclusions about their changes. The relevance of expanding the spheres of implementation of social policy, conditioned by the current transformations of social values and rapid technological development of the world economy, is substantiated. This requires constant monitoring of social changes and analysis of the impact of the global environment on the socioeconomic development of countries. Some comparative characterizations of social security of the population of several European countries are provided according to a number of criteria (ratification of the updated ILO Conventions on Social Security, effective social protection coverage (including the SDG indicators 1.3.1, 3.8.1), expenditures on health care and social protection, legislative coverage of social protection, child and family benefits, maternity protection, sickness assistance, protection against occupational injuries, protection against unemployment, disability benefits, old age pensions). The clear difference between the social policy of Ukraine and the European countries, which is mainly related to the socioeconomic situation of our country and has intensified since the beginning of the aggravation of hybrid threats and the need for military protection, is emphasized. The tendencies that determine the critical necessity of the current reforms in social policy and having a significant impact on the socioeconomic situation of the European countries are allocated. The further deepening of social problems and the need for even more active reform of the social sphere are emphasized. It is concluded that the main task of Ukraine in the current conditions is to meet the basic needs and interests of society, to maintain the basic processes of life of society, to ensure the development and creation of social values at a sufficient level.
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