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Appendix 1: Heath, Sacha K., Fogel, Nina S., Mullikin, Jennifer C., & Hull, Trey. (2020). Data and code for

Chapter 1: An expanded scope of biodiversity in urban agriculture, with implications for conservation.

(Version 1.0.0) [Data set]. Urban Agroecology: Past, Present, and Future Directions in Interdisciplinary

Research. Abingdon, UK: Taylor & Francis. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3989949

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An Expanded Scope of Biodiversity in Urban Agriculture, with Implications for Conservation

Chapter

December 2020

Sacha K. Heath · Nina S. Fogel · Jennifer C. Mullikin · Trey Hull

Data

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Appendix_2.pdf

February 2021

Chapter

An Expanded Scope of Biodiversity in Urban Agriculture, with Implications for Conservation

December 2020

We performed a systematic literature review to summarize what is known by science about the conservation of biodiversity in urban agroecosystems throughout the world. Our initial search among three literature databases captured 9,066 articles, which we screened and reduced to a final set of 431. Our criteria for retaining studies was that they incorporated each of three clearly defined ... [Show full abstract] components: urban, agriculture, and biodiversity. We reviewed the final article set using four methods: we 1) extracted basic article information from the citation databases, 2) used topic model analyses to cluster words extracted from article abstracts into topical clusters, 3) manually categorized articles with a set of eight multiple-answer variables, and 4) summarized and extracted main themes from the articles within general biodiversity type groupings (amphibians, birds, fish, invertebrates, mammals, plants, reptiles, and soil microbes). The most common types of biodiversity studied were plants (67% of articles), invertebrates (39%), and birds (23%), while residential (71%) and community (26%) gardens were the most common types of agriculture in which studies were performed. Ornamental and food plants were the most common agricultural production types (60% and 49%, respectively), but the production type was not identified in 22% of studies. Seventy-one percent of articles did not explicitly apply the research to a conservation question, but the knowledge gained could certainly be applied to taxa-specific conservation efforts. Thirty percent of studies explicitly measured conservation or management effects on biodiversity in an urban agricultural setting. Across taxa, we also highlighted research on two topics important to biodiversity conservation in urban agriculture: 1) landscape characteristics (space, scale, and connectivity), and 2) the role of humans. Finally, our chapter concludes with a summary of information gaps and suggestions for future work.

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Sonora Yellow Warbler (Dendroica petechia sonorana)

January 2008

Sacha K. Heath

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Functional green spaces: The Bring Conservation Home program in the St. Louis metropolitan area

September 2020

Sacha K. Heath

Residential yards in the USA have for decades been dominated by manicured lawns, invasive and non-native plants, and pesticide and fertilizer inputs—with demonstrated negative effects on biodiversity. St. Louis Audubon Society’s Bring Conservation Home program (BCH) is a large-scale urban garden initiative which has enrolled over 1,100 volunteer residential landowners to improve the urban ... [Show full abstract] landscape for wildlife. BCH supports a full-time consultant who visits and certifies each yard based on its habitat-based suitability for wildlife. With an emphasis on pollinators and birds, certification levels align with the amount of native vegetation cover, invasive plant cover and removal, and other types of habitat provisioning such as water and vertical plant diversity. We are collaborating with BCH to assess the effectiveness of this program in creating functional habitat for several taxa, and to evaluate the role of residential gardens in reducing some of the impacts of urbanization on biodiversity. To date, 395 residents have volunteered to participate in the research. With yard locations and landcover data we have quantified four different measures of urbanization within a 500 m radius of each yard: proportion of impervious surface, housing and population density, and nighttime light radiance. We calculated a composite variable of urbanization, with PC1 explaining 78% of the variability in the urbanization measures, and loaded uniformly and positively by each. We stratified yards by extent of composite urbanization and selected 21 spatial clusters of three yards with different BCH certification levels (none, silver, or gold/platinum). With these 63 landowners, we will implement a bioacoustics study aimed at estimating yard occupancy of vocalizing birds, bats, and frogs. Yard residents will place AudioMoth recording devices pre-programmed to sample different frequencies during civil twilight, dawn, dusk, and night hours. After retrieval, a validated machine-learning community-science approach will be used to identify and analyze recorded sounds.