Introduction to Logistics Systems Management: Ghiani/Introduction to Logistics Systems Management
... This can involve regularly reviewing and updating supply chain strategies and processes, as well as seeking feedback from customers and suppliers. By engaging in continuous improvement, organisations can identify and address issues before they become major problems (Ghiani et al., 2018). Continuous improvement is an important strategy for adopting SCM practices in the construction industry. ...
... By continuously improving SCM practices and processes, Environment, Vol. 8, No. 1, March 2024 construction firms can identify and eliminate bottlenecks, streamline processes, and reduce costs. By engaging in continuous improvement, organisations can identify and address issues before they become major problems (Ghiani et al., 2018), this can lead to increased profitability, improved customer satisfaction and a competitive advantage in the market. Furthermore, continuous improvement helps construction firms to adapt to changing market conditions and customer demands. ...
Purpose: Despite the growing importance of supply chain management (SCM) in the construction industry, many construction firms in Nigeria are yet to effectively implement SCM practices. This has led to inefficiencies, delays, cost overruns and poor project outcomes. Therefore, there is a need to establish factors that enhance the implementation of SCM in construction firms in Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach: Anchored on survey research design using a questionnaire survey, a total of 500 copies of structured questionnaires were randomly distributed to medium and large-sized construction firms in Nigeria. A total of 402 valid responses were received giving an overall response rate of 80%. The responses were analysed using mean item scores, coefficient of variation (COV), factor analysis and Mann-Whitney U test to measure differences in perceptions. Findings: The study established undertaking digital transformation/technological innovation, top management support, external support (vendors, subcontractors, and government), developing adequate knowledge and experience, change management (readiness for change) and ensuring compliance with regulations and standards as critical factors enhancing the implementation of SCM. Originality/value: The study has provided enhancers of SCM to help construction firms in Nigeria implement SCM. The study contributes to the body of knowledge on construction SCM and provides practical recommendations for improving supply chain performance. The study recommends investments in digital transformation, training and skill development for enhancement of SCM capabilities.
... Given the negative impact of late deliveries on firms' benefits, companies invest resources on defining and implementing strategies that contribute to cope with on-time delivery times and minimize transportation costs as well. An example of these strategies is the establishment of Regional Distribution Centers (RDCs) in strategic locations, which serve as intermediaries between firms and their consumers [2]. Under such a strategy, all RDCs are committed to achieving the objectives of the firm that uses them, such as the fulfillment of on-time deliveries. ...
... Hall-Tideman (HT), and Comprehensive Concentration (CC) indexes as well. The indexes , 2 C , 4 C and HH are standard for determining the concentration level of industries [8], while comparing these indexes with the HT and CC indexes since the last one measures how the RDCs' size and their interaction with other markets (the possibility to attend other companies) impact on the concentration's level. Note that the previous features are crucial to distinguish rented RDCs from owned RDCs. ...
The timely fulfillment of customer orders is a crucial issue for all companies, as it improves the relationship between companies and their customers. Given the negative impact of late deliveries on company profits, companies invest resources in defining and implementing strategies that help address delivery times on time and minimize transportation costs. One of these strategies is the establishment of Regional Distribution Centers (RDCs) in strategic locations, which serve as intermediaries between companies and their consumers. Through a game theoretical model, this article analyzes the strategic interaction between rented and owned RDCs since they have different objectives. In such a case, RDCs’ interaction casts similarities with the Prisoners’ Dilemma. Likewise, we provide empirical evidence about the previous behavior by considering data from a Mexican company. Received: February 3, 2023Accepted: March 28, 2023
... Logistics helps develop the company to be responsible for the entire set of processes ranging from inventory, storage, transportation, location, distribution to distributor centers, wholesalers, customer service, small merchants, retailers, payment processing, and up to the final consumer (Hao et al., 2018;Winkelhaus & Grosse, 2020) The logistics context is synonymous with the organization, movement, and storage of materials and people (Jans, 2013;Larson, 2001;Shadkam, 2021). The domain of logistics activities themselves is to provide a system with the right product, in the right location, at the right time (right product, in the right place, at the right time) by optimizing the performance measurement given, for example minimizing total operational costs and meeting the qualifications given in accordance with the capabilities of the client and in accordance with the quality of service provided (Ghiani et al., 2013) In everyday life, it cannot be separated from logistical affairs. At the smallest level as in domestic life, it will always deal with logistical problems. ...
... That is why at every purchase (on the scope of the company is procurement) it will end up on logistics matters. Logistics is the heart of the modern economy (Ghiani et al., 2013) No shipping, No shopping, becomes an adagium of the essence of logistics management in the success of an Industry. If you want to dominate the market, then master logistics management well (Jans, 2013). ...
In penetrating exports, SME players are often faced with obstacles such as their unpreparedness in preparing the documents needed for exports. This problem is a classic problem considering that the ability to prepare export documents is a way to export successfully. Also, SME actors need to implement Good Logistic Practices (GLP) such as product processing activities, packaging, storage and shipping management to become resilient SMEs in line with the increasing understanding of export documents. The approach used in this study is quantitative research methods with a study survey approach and normative empirical studies. Data analysis uses a correlation approach between variables. This study used data from 210 SMSs in the KUB Cilongok, with a sample of 71 respondents. The results of the study showed that 71.5% of SME players in penetrating the export market were still constrained in understanding export documents. So to achieve export capability, it is necessary to create a comfortable and balanced supply chain
... The variation of the quantity of the goods, Q, that require storage is considered for a representative period ( Figure 1). Even if it is often recommended, establishing a storage capacity equal to the average between the maximum and minimum storage demand cannot be accepted as a solution (it would lead to a capacity mostly not fully used) [9]. The solution for which A1 + A2 = A3 + A4 (meaning equality between the deficit and surplus capacity) is not without criticism either. ...
... The variation of the quantity of the goods, Q, that require storage is considered for a representative period (Figure 1). Even if it is often recommended, establishing a storage capacity equal to the average between the maximum and minimum storage demand cannot be accepted as a solution (it would lead to a capacity mostly not fully used) [9]. The solution for which A1 + A2 = A3 + A4 (meaning equality between the deficit and surplus capacity) is not without criticism either. ...
The design and operation of the transportation system, like any large complex technical system, are marked by indetermination - risks and uncertainties (scientific/methodologic and/or so-cio-economic). The paper analyses the occurrence and consequences of uncertainties, defined as completely unknown random events ("unknown unknowns"), on the transportation system per-formances. The interest in the topic is justified by the considerable value and long life of the transportation system components. In order to reduce the effects of uncertainties, a holistic ap-proach to all technical infrastructures of the society, regardless of the flow category (material, en-ergy, information), is necessary. Technological progress and changes in the territorial activity system historically confirm the dynamism of the competition and complementarity relations between the civil and industrial infrastructures and transport infrastructures, as well as among different modal transport/traffic infrastructures. Declining discount rates are applied to compensate for the effects of uncertainties on investment project opportunities on long time horizons. There is no unanimous agreement on the discount rate values. Unforeseen exogenous events are considered differentiat-ed/nonsystemic or non-differentiated/systemic uncertainties. They can have significant conse-quences on the performance of a transport system, including a change in the transport market share. Therefore, an adaptive policy is required to reduce the methodological/scientific and socio-economic uncertainties that affect the design and operation of any transportation system.
... Freight transportation manages the complete operation of the movement of freight and related resources from a starting location to a final destination by paying particular attention to customers' requirements (Ghiani et al., 2013;Toth & Vigo, 2014). In practice, traditional LSPs aim to manage these activities at the lowest possible logistics cost and risk to be a preferable option for shippers and customers. ...
... Generally, LSPs aim to make their operations more efficient by utilizing their resources (i.e. fleet, labour etc.) (Ghiani et al., 2013). These companies are also paying close attention to their environmental footprint. ...
Aspiring green agendas in conjunction with tremendous economic pressures are resulting in an increased attention to the environment and technological innovations for improving existing logistics systems. Last mile logistics, in particular, are becoming much more than a consumer convenience necessity and a transportation optimization exercise. Rather, this area presents a true opportunity to foster both financial and environmental sustainability. This paper investigates recent technological advancements and pending needs related to business and social innovations, emphasizing green logistics and city logistics concepts. We discuss various pertinent aspects, including drones, delivery robots, truck platooning, collection and pickup points, collaborative logistics, integrated transportation, decarbonization and advanced transport analytics. From a mathematical perspective, we focus on the basic features of the vehicle routing problem and some of its variants. We provide recommendations around strategies that may facilitate the adoption of new effective technologies and innovations.
... However, there is a delivery deadline that must be met, and the manufacturer sends the finished work to the client in batches [34]. The literature on operational-level supply chain coordination is scarce, as pointed out by [35]. There is a need for quick solution techniques and there is a lack of integrated models at the level of detailed scheduling [36]. ...
The study aims to minimize the cost of operations, storage, penalties, and dispatch in one of the largest paper and board manufacturing industries in Asia. The real-world data is obtained for cases underneath mixed products' in integrated and non-integrated supply chains. The cost minimization problem is formulated by developing the mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model constraining the multiple origins and destination ports in Pakistan. The metaheuristic optimization technique, such as the multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA), is applied based on epsilon dominance. The study results demonstrate that the cost of an integrated supply chain is minimal under various circumstances compared to the non-integrated supply chain, which provides a difference of 37% in both. Further, this study integrates the supply of paper and board products with the intermodal and multimodal transportation networks to investigate the most feasible supply chain network in the South Asian region.
... 4.3 In conjunction with vocabulary development, ESP books for logistics management should include industry practices, standards, and laws to help students gain a thorough awareness of the operational landscape. This might involve conversations about international trade agreements, customs processes, packaging requirements, and transportation rules (Ghiani et al., 2013). By immersing learners in genuine logistics scenarios, ESP materials can help them develop practical skills and decision-making abilities that are required for success in the profession. ...
This research paper explores the necessity for the development of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) course books tailored to the needs of professionals in Business Management in Mongolia. Despite the availability of English for Academic Purposes (EAP) books, there remains a significant gap in resources catering to the specific language requirements of professionals in this field. English teachers in Mongolia recognize the importance of ESP materials in enhancing language proficiency and employability among Business Management students. Drawing upon interviews and surveys with English teachers, this paper highlights the challenges faced due to the absence of relevant ESP course books and proposes of recommendations for their creation and implementation.
... O segundo desafio situa-se na incerteza inerente à execução das tarefas logísticas militares e no comportamento dos elos do sistema. Resultados advindos de informações imprecisas, de expectativas, valores médios, tal qual os efeitos de intempéries em ambiente operacional e até ações de forças hostis, são desafios que dificultam o planejamento e execução logística (Ghiani, Laporte, and Musmanno 2013;Kress 2016). Para o caso brasileiro, isso significa considerar, dentro do território nacional, a variedade existente nas estruturas, administração, maturidade técnica e nível de modernização de portos, estradas, depósitos, aeroportos e linhas férreas, que serão empregadas nos fluxos de ativos militares. ...
Como uma das Capacidades Nacionais de Defesa do Brasil, a dissuasão é dependente da capacidade logística das Forças Armadas, uma vez que estas precisam obter, distribuir e gerenciar meios combativos. É este potencial ofensivo o responsável por criar o efeito desencorajador-restritivo da dissuasão. Assim, a questão central está em definir como a logística militar é capaz de criar condições dissuasórias. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma análise dos efeitos da logística militar nas três condições básicas para a ocorrência de uma dissuasão bem-sucedida: motivação do oponente; ii) clareza sobre o objetivo da dissuasão e ações que o defensor poderá tomar; e iii) confiança do oponente nas capacidades e na vontade do defensor. Para tanto, é apresentada uma revisão de literatura diretamente afeta ao tema, abordando como marcos teóricos a Teoria da Dissuasão e da Teoria da Logística, focando nas condições básicas para a existência do efeito dissuasório. Posteriormente, os aspectos estruturais e processuais da logística militar são cotejados a essas condições, em termos da influência direta e indireta na produção de dissuasão. Esta análise se concentra nas decorrências adequadas para o emprego militar nas fases de projeção e sustentação de força. As principais conclusões são os efeitos dos recursos logísticos na prontidão militar para perseguir credibilidade dissuasória. A principal implicação desta pesquisa é seu potencial de orientar prioridades de investimento logístico vinculados à criação de uma dissuasão crível.
... In many countries including Nigeria, new markets are rising as the customer base is growing. In view of this, Ghiani, Laporte, and Musmanno, (2013) ascertained that effective and efficient transportation is necessarily required, as the share of transportation cost is significant in the supply chain. The goal of intermodal transport in movement of goods is to achieve economic efficiency. ...
This study focuses on freight transport and modal logistics infrastructure connectivity in Apapa Seaport. The present system of freight movement and distribution from Nigerian seaports is not consistent with the best practices. The delay in cargo clearance from the port to the hinterland is a constraint to logistics schedule of road haulage. Primary data were obtained through the administration of structured questionnaires to clearing agents in Apapa Port and truck drivers that were systematically sampled at the Apapa exit gate. The data gathered were analyzed using descriptive and Anova analysis. The study revealed the availability of major modal logistics infrastructure connectivity that aids onward delivery however some of these logistics infrastructure are obsolete and in poor condition. Further result using Anova test revealed a statistically significant difference in the mean spatial distribution of cargo. It is therefore recommended that is need for a modal shift from road to rail or inland waterways for onward delivery of cargo to different inland container depots (ICDs) in the hinterland to promote sustainable transport system in Nigeria. And also an effective model for integrating different modes of transport in the Port for onward delivery.
... Posteriormente en el siguiente clúster se encuentran dos conceptos que no muestran tanto impacto en el mapa cómo los anteriores, "autobús" y "GPS (Sistema de Posicionamiento Global)". Cabe mencionar que se encuentran enlazados debido a que el GPS es utilizado para una de las etapas más importantes de la administración del transporte, el monitoreo (Ghiani, et al., 2022). ...
En el presente trabajo de investigación se desarrolla una revisión de literatura aplicando un enfoque mixto, primeramente, se tomaron en cuenta 20 artículos que abordan el problema de enrutamiento del autobús escolar (SBRP), realizados desde 1969 hasta la actualidad. Posteriormente se seleccionaron 125 artículos de la base de datos Web of Science, relacionados con la temática, para generar un archivo con los datos bibliométricos más relevantes y de esa manera realizar un clustering que permita encontrar grupos con patrones relacionados de todos los trabajos previamente seleccionados, y al final extraer diferentes conclusiones de los grupos generados.
... Logistics is the process of moving materials and information from the point of origin to the point of consumption (Ghiani et al., 2013). Logistics companies should continuously improve their operations to enhance customer satisfaction (Zhang et al., 2016), meet customers' requirements and increase business profitability. ...
Purpose
The aim of this study reported in this paper was to explore the application of operational excellence methodologies in a global context.
Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative interview approach was used to understand the current state, benefits, challenges, success factors, tools and techniques of operational excellence methodology implementation with relevance to logistics companies worldwide. About 16 interviews were undertaken with practitioners working in leading companies and with leading academics in Asia, Europe, Africa, North America, South America and Australia.
Findings
The findings show that operational excellence methodologies including Lean, Six Sigma, Lean Six Sigma and Agile can apply in logistics firms to improve operations and productivity and save costs. Top management support and involvement play an important role in the success of operational excellence projects in the logistics service.
Research limitations/implications
The findings will be of interest to top and middle managers and logistics practitioners, with a dual aim of improving logistics performance and saving costs.
Originality/value
The present study has been one of the first global study attempts to explore the implementation of operational excellence methodologies in the logistics sectors.
... Logistics is the process of moving materials and information from the point of origin to the point of consumption (Ghiani et al., 2013). Logistics companies should continuously improve their operations to enhance customer satisfaction (Zhang et al., 2016), meet customers' requirements and increase business profitability. ...
The aim of this study reported in this paper was to explore the application of operational excellence methodologies in a global context. A qualitative interview approach was used to understand
the current state, benefits, challenges, success factors, tools, and techniques of operational excellence methodology implementation with relevance to logistics companies worldwide. Sixteen interviews were undertaken with practitioners working in leading companies and with leading academics in Asia, Europe, Africa, North America, South America and Australia. The findings show that operational excellence methodologies including Lean, Six Sigma, Lean Six Sigma, and Agile can apply in logistics firms to improve operations and productivity, and save costs. Top management support and involvement play an important
role in the success of operational excellence projects in the logistics service. The findings will be of interest to top and middle
managers and logistics practitioners, with a dual aim of improving logistics performance and saving cost. The present study has been one of the first global study attempts to explore the
implementation of operational excellence methodologies in Logistics sectors.
... Os resultados apontam a rota C como a escolha mais eficiente, e a utilização do modelo bitruck, pois apresenta uma economia de R$ 1.540,00, por caminhão carregado com frutas, saindo de Conceição. Sugere-se a realização de estudos importante (frequentemente entre um terço e dois terços) dos custos logísticos totais e afeta significativamente o nível de serviço prestado ao cliente (GHIANI; LAPORTE; MUSMANNO, 2022). ...
O transporte das produções agrícolas até os locais onde serão comercializadas é uma tarefa que exige conhecimento das rotas e dos veículos que serão utilizados para efetuar o percurso do campo às cidades, com a melhor relação custo-benefício para as partes envolvidas. Neste estudo devido à existência de três rotas alternativas de escoamento da produção por rodovia, os produtores e revendedores de abacaxi têm dificuldades para escolher qual das rotas oferece mais vantagens para o transporte da sua produção e o respectivo modelo de caminhão que será usado para realizar a tarefa, deixando a cargo da caminhoneiro responsável pela condução do veículo, deixando a cargo do responsável pelo frete essa decisão, que necessita ser adequada às características do frete para proporcionar a melhor rentabilidade para os interessados. Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar as alternativas de escoamento para a produção de abacaxis, produzidos no município de Floresta do Araguaia (PA), para os centros de consumo localizados no Estado de São Paulo. Foi realizado um estudo de caso e para a coleta de dados foi aplicado um questionário e os dados foram analisados com auxílio do método de ponderação de fatores. Os resultados apontam a rota C como a escolha mais eficiente, e a utilização do modelo bitruck, pois apresenta uma economia de R$ 1.540,00, por caminhão carregado com frutas, saindo de Conceição. Sugere-se a realização de estudos futuros abordando outras alternativas de rotas, assim como o uso de outros modelos de caminhão para transporte da carga de abacaxis.
... A utilização do Power BI na gestão dos processos e indicadores do centro de distribuição trouxe mais clareza nas visualizações dos relatórios e novas informações que não eram utilizadas ou eram subutilizadas.Além disso, uma das funções de indicadores é avaliar o desempenho da empresa no passado e atual, comparando diferentes períodos com as metas estabelecidas pela própria companhia, os resultados comerciais ou resultados dos competidores(Ghiani, 2013). Com isso em mente, o novo acompanhamento dos processos do CD através do Power BI, fornece novas análises e informações úteis para a melhoria da performance do CD e da integração com outras áreas essenciais para a operação logística, como transportes, customer services, manufatura, qualidade e vendas.Inicialmente, o novo relatório de controle de estoques permite que semanalmente a gestão do CD e da fábrica responsável por maior parte do abastecimento do estoque, tenham visibilidade constante de itens que estão restritos no estoque. ...
Na era da informação, onde o volume de dados aumenta constantemente, as organizações enfrentam desafios cada vez maiores para gerir essas informações. Entretanto, essa quantidade expressiva de dados pode ser utilizada para a criação de vantagem competitiva para a empresa. Com o propósito de lidar com os dados, as ferramentas de Self-Service Business Intelligence (SSBI) tem se destacado, as quais descentralizam a gestão da informação, antes nas mãos do setor de tecnologia da informação (TI), disponibilizando a todos os colaboradores que estão envolvidos diretamente com gestão de processos e indicadores. Este estudo analisou a implementação da ferramenta de SSBI na gestão de processo logísticos inboud e outbound de um centro de distribuição do setor alimentício e petcare. Com base nos resultados do estudo foi possível identificar dificuldades, vantagens e oportunidades futuras, como o acompanhamento em tempo real da expedição diária através de painéis no Power BI e monitoramento periódico dos principais indicadores dos processos do centro de distribuição.
... Tento příklad je inspirován zdrojem Ghiani, Laporte, Musmanno (2013), data jsou změněna. ...
The study material “Collection of solved exercises from logistics“ contains the solved tasks from selected fields of logistics. It includes six chapters focused on exercises from process layout, order quantities and batch sizing, lead time planning and analyzing, demand forecasting, inventory control and production planning. Each chapter contains firstly the brief methodological part and then the example part with solvings and comments.
Učební text s názvem „Sbírka řešených úloh z logistiky“ obsahuje řešené úlohy z vybraných oblastí logistiky. Zahrnuje šest kapitol zaměřených na úlohy z oblasti prostorového uspořádání procesů, stanovení velikosti dávek, plánování a analýzu průběžné doby, předvídání poptávky, řízení zásob a plánování výroby. Každá kapitola obsahuje nejprve stručnou metodickou část a poté část příkladovou s řešením a komentáři.
... As shown in Figure 1, we characterized these known depot points with D1, D2, and D3 for zones z1 to z3, and D4 for the outside of all zones. We do not consider depot-related costs such as handling, storage, operations administration, and general administrative expenses [42]. Table 2, and the main input parameters to determine the TC are in Table 3. [46] 0.0582 0.0289 Energy consumption (R k , Q k ) [47,48] 0.062 L/km 0.145 kWh/km Energy cost [46] 1.167 EUR/L 0.167 EUR/kWh CO 2 emissions (Well-to-Wheel) [49,50] 2.63 kg/L 0.47 kg/kWh A daily utilization level of 64 km is assumed for both DVs and EVs, equivalent to 16,064 km per year, considering 251 working days a year. ...
Since the 1990s, studies and pilot tests have been conducted to reduce traffic, accidents, and pollution due to urban freight transport (UFT). These ended up in several policies, regulations, and restrictions for UFT, such as low emission zones, delivery time windows, and vehicle size and weight restrictions. However, issues in UFT under regulatory measures still persist. This study introduces an optimization framework for deriving an optimal combination of various types of vehicles with different capacities for vehicle replacement with UFT. This framework allows an understanding of how an urban freight company with a limited budget efficiently satisfies its freight demand within an urban area in the presence of regulatory measures by urban administrators. The introduced formulation, which is mixed-integer linear programming, will assist the operator in choosing the best investment strategy for introducing new vehicles of certain types and sizes, for operation in different zones, into its fleet while gaining economic benefits and having a positive impact on the liveability of the urban area. Furthermore, an elasticity analysis is performed to consider the effects of specific uncertain parameters on the total cost. The numerical results show that the share of electric vehicles in the fleet increases, and they are more competitive than diesel vehicles.
... As shown in Figure 1, we characterized these known depot points with D1, D2, and D3, for zones z1 to z3, and D4 for the outside of all zones. We do not consider depot-related costs such as handling, storage, operations administration, and general administrative expenses [45]. ...
Since the 1990’s, studies and pilot tests have been conducted to reduce traffic, accidents, and pollution due to urban freight transport (UFT). These ended up in several policies, regulations, and restrictions for UFT, such as low emission zones, delivery time windows, and vehicle size and weight restrictions. However, issues in UFT under regulatory measures still persevere. This study introduces an optimization framework for deriving an optimal combination of various types of vehicles with different capacities for vehicle replacement in UFT. This framework allows an understanding of how an urban freight company with a limited budget efficiently satisfies its freight demand within an urban area in the presence of regulatory measures by urban administrators. The introduced formulation, which is a mixed-integer linear programming, will assist the operator in choosing the best investment strategy for introducing new vehicles of certain types and sizes, for operation in different zones, into its fleet while gaining economic benefits and having a positive impact on the liveability of the urban area. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis is performed to consider the effects of specific uncertain parameters on the total cost. The numerical results show that the share of electric vehicles in the fleet increases, and they are more competitive than diesel vehicles.
... Logistics is often associated with planning, organization, moving, and storing row and finished goods (Ghiani et al., 2013). Likewise organizing resources, the essence of a logistics activity is usually related to the supply of goods with the right type of product, the production and delivery process in the right place, and completion in an efficient time (right product, in the right place, and the right time) better quality accuracy optimization (Roberts, 2007). ...
Migration of rural communities to cities increases logistics activities in urban areas to meet customer needs because there is a close relationship between economic expansion and usage. Daily fluctuating demand for logistics, uncertain driving times and insufficient parking spaces are some of the factors that link the crisis in urban logistics in urban areas, which directly affects operational costs, the environment and its success or failure. The related steps of modeling optimization have a major impact in making complex transportation and logistics systems competitive with each other. This paper proposes a model optimization to solve transportation problems mathematically. The integer programming model would be suitable for the problems that have been described. the author uses direct search to complete the model.
... Firstly, the shape and size of the DOI: 10.22616/ERDev.2023.22.TF152 distribution space is determined by the elements. Secondly, the elements affect the topology of the distribution network, while finally, the distribution process defines the characteristics of the network itself [7][8][9]. ...
This article deals with the classification and creation of logistic distribution models. The main objective of the article is to create the methodology for designing a global distribution network (GDN). The suitable GDN could play a significant role in the global supply chain and try to fulfil the needs of companies while entering foreign markets. Logistic operators with their optimized networks help facilitate international trade to deliver parcels, packages, partnering with express, courier services embracing mobile and online technologies, provide financial services etc. On the basis of these needs the methodology of designing the logistics network for cross-border or national logistics network will be formulated.
... The amounts of goods requiring storage have significant variations over time. Four types of changes in the demand for products and services can be highlighted (Hyndman and Athanasopoulos, 2018;Chopra and Meindl, 2014;Ghiani et al. 2013): (i) trends -on long-term, due to changes in demographics and production cycles, (ii) cyclical variation -caused by business cycles, dependent on macroeconomics changes, (iii) seasonal variations -determined by the periodicity of people activities (weekends, holidays, vacations, etc.) and (iv) residual variations -which cannot be included in the first three, have many causes but usually unimportant effects. ...
Shared logistics (SL) is an increasingly critical solution to the challenges of urban
logistics, particularly in the context of limited resources, the energy crisis, and environmental
concerns. This study investigates the adoption of shared logistics among logistics service
providers in Poland. While SL is considered a promising strategy for addressing challenges
such as resource scarcity and environmental concerns, only 27.4% of surveyed companies
reported using it. Results suggest that small and micro-sized companies are more reluctant to
adopt shared logistics, and education and awareness-raising efforts may be necessary to
promote its adoption. The study provides valuable insights into the current and potential usage
of SL in Poland, identifies barriers to its adoption and potential opportunities for promoting its
use
... The level of service offered by an organization is assumed to depend on several factors related to the characteristics of the items sold, such as price, promotions, delivery, or assembly. Thus, it is expected that companies aim to increase their level of service to increase their profits [10]. a time window and stochastic service times [32,33], route planning with stochastic service [25] and travel times [32,34,35], or route planning with a heterogeneous fleet [36] have been found in the literature. ...
The number of variants of the vehicle routing problem (VRP) has grown rapidly in the last decades. Among these, VRPs with time window constraints are among the most studied ones. However, the literature regarding VRPs that concerns the delivery and installation of products is scarce. The main aim of this study was to propose a heuristic approach for the route planning process of a company whose focus is on furniture delivery and assembly and, thus, contributing to the research around the Delivery and Installation Routing Problem. The case study method was used, and two scenarios were compared: the current scenario (showing the routes created by the company worker); and the future scenario (representing the routes created by the heuristic). Results show that the proposed heuristic approach provided a feasible solution to the problem, allowing it to affect customers and teams without compromising the teams’ competencies and respecting all constraints.
... While supply chain is related to the more general actions related to coordinate and manage items and persons in an organisation, the term logistics is used to refer to the set of activities that describe the flow of items in a company or its interchanging between various of them. In this context, a logistics system (Ghiani et al., 2013) describes the activities that determine the flow of the materials and information among the facilities of the organisations that can be in different places. It includes the infrastructure, equipment, means and resources (including humans) necessary for performing the activities. ...
Logistics processes are attracting growing attention because of the globalisation of the market. Its growing complexity and the need for reducing costs have provoked the seek of new solutions based on the processing of the complex events that the business processes produce. Event-Driven Business Process Management (EDBPM) is a discipline that studies the integration of business processes and complex events. The analysis of the maturity level of the approaches and gaps to point out future lines of research could help not only logistics organisations, but also academia. Logistics organisation could benefit from producing more environmentally friendly and optimal solutions in transport, and academia could benefit from revealing open problems. Thus, this study aims to identify current approaches, frameworks, and tools that integrate business processes and complex events in the logistics domain. To do so, we follow a systematic approach to do a mapping study that captures and synthesises the approaches, frameworks, and tools that integrate these two fields. As a result, 10,978 articles were gathered and 169 of them were selected for extraction. We have classified the selected studies according to several criteria, including the business process life cycle in which they are being applied, the business process modelling language, and the event process modelling language, among others. Our synthesis reveals the open challenges and the most relevant frameworks and tools. However, there is no mature enough framework or tool ready to be used in companies, and a promising research must provide solutions that cover all phases in the process life cycle.
... However, since 1970, the share of rail has been dropped dramatically due to the government's priorities towards road transport (Guoquan et al., 2014, Raeesi andO'Sullivan, 2014). The disadvantages of road transport are the advantage of rail transport, however, at the higher maintenance and investment costs (Ghiani et al., 2013). ...
The goal of this study is to quantify and analyse the costs of road-intermodal freight transportation in Pakistan. For the design of the problem, a performance model is utilised, which provides calculations of the costs incurred in road and intermodal freight transports. Our research shows a big cost difference between road and road-rail freight transport. The results show that the cost of road freight transport is 1.48 million Pkr/day and the cost of intermodal freight transport is 1.26 million Pkr/day for the delivery of 220 tonnes of cargo to the consumers. The quantitative analysis of real-life data from one of Asia's leading paper and board businesses used in this study demonstrates operational benefits of more than 60% cost reductions when switching from road to intermodal freight (road-rail) transport. Sensitivity analysis is also presented to assist decision-makers in selecting the most efficient and cost-effective mode of transportation.
... Table 2 presents the notation used in the integer linear programming model of the described VAP which is followed by the corresponding model. Please note that the proposed model has been developed based on a basic VAP model presented by Ghiani et al., 2013. ...
This study aims to analyze the effects of the time windows choices in Vehicle Allocation Problems with respect to economic, social, and environmental indicators. As far as we know, such an attempt does not exist in the related literature. For this purpose, we first present a Mixed Integer Programming model for a generic Vehicle Allocation Problem with profit maximization objective under time windows constraints. This model is used to conduct analyses for demonstrating the applicability of the model in practice and to reveal potential effects of the time windows choices on economic, social, and environmental outcomes of allocation decisions in Vehicle Allocation Problems. The numerical results show that loosened time windows have the potential to provide economic and environmental benefits in the addressed problem. We also propose a collaboration policy attractive to both the transportation company and its customers through price discounts, which improves economic and social performances of the addressed transportation logistics network.
... Logistics and supply chain management (SCM) can be regarded as the processes of moving products and goods from production (suppliers) to consumption (customers). The problems in logistics and SCM have always been an important subject in the civil and military domains since the 20th century BC (Ghiani et al., 2013). Since the last century, with the introduction to operational research and computers, various optimisation models and algorithms have been proposed and applied, such that the problems in logistics and SCM can be solved systematically and scientifically. ...
With advances in technologies, data science techniques, and computing equipment, there has been rapidly increasing interest in the applications of reinforcement learning (RL) to address the challenges resulting from the evolving business and organisational operations in logistics and supply chain management (SCM). This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the development and applications of RL techniques in the field of logistics and SCM. We first provide an introduction to RL methodologies, followed by a classification of previous research studies by application. The state-of-the-art research is reviewed and the current challenges are discussed. It is found that Q-learning (QL) is the most popular RL approach adopted by these studies and the research on RL for urban logistics is growing in recent years due to the prevalence of E-commerce and last mile delivery. Finally, some potential directions are presented for future research.
... During the last decade, these methodologies have been widely applied in different sectors such as manufacturing, healthcare, higher education and services (Singh & Rathi, 2019). A number of researchers have identified that the application of such methodologies in organizations can improve their business performance, operational efficiencies, save costs and enhance customer satisfaction (Albiliwi et al., 2015;Antony et al., 2005;Kwak & Anbari, 2006) Logistics operations refer to the process of moving materials and information from the point of origin to the point of consumption (Ghiani et al., 2013). Logistics companies should continuously improve their operations and enhance customer satisfaction (Zhang et al., 2016). ...
This paper systematically reviews the literature around implementing operational excellence methodologies in logistics, to better understand the scope of such initiatives, identify key research gaps and suggest future research directions. Four databases (Web of Science, Scopus, Emerald, Science Direct) were searched to collect relevant articles published from 1996 to 2021. A total of 58 articles met the initial inclusion criteria. These were critically reviewed by authors, resulting in a total of 36 empirical articles for final analysis. The application of operational excellence methodologies in logistics can improve logistics operations, enhance customer satisfaction, reduce lead time and save cost. The challenges encountered during the implementation of operational excellence methodologies include lack of LSS implementation guidelines, insufficient LSS training, lack of management support and resources, and resistance to change. The review highlights that training, management involvement, strategic and visionary leadership, organizational infrastructure and cross-functional teams are the factors leading to the successful implementation This is the first attempt by reviewing the literature to address the research gaps in the use of operational excellence methodologies in the logistics sector. This review is valuable for logistics managers wishing to improve logistics operations in their organizations, improve safety, reduce operational costs and increase customer satisfaction.
In today’s dynamic and rapidly evolving business and industrial
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El costo logístico de distribución de bienes o mercancías tiene un papel muy importante en el desempeño de cualquier cadena de suministro. En México la distribución de libros de texto gratuitos se ha realizado de manera descoordinada desde hace muchos años. En este trabajo proponemos la aplicación del algoritmo de Weiszfeld en dos etapas, basado en un modelo de programación matemática no lineal, para determinar las ubicaciones optimas de los puntos de entrega de las zonas escolares (ZE) que generan el mínimo costo logístico de recolectar los libros en las ubicaciones de los servicios regionales (SR) en un determinado Estado de la República Mexicana. Los resultados servirán como guía en la planeación que hace cada persona responsable de la ZE y organizar la recepción de los libros que le corresponden. De llevarse a cabo este tipo de intervención en la distribución de libros gratuitos en todo México los ahorros esperados serían de mayor impacto.
Integrating wireless energy transfer (WET) and data gathering based on mobile platforms such as the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has been recognized as a promising technique to prolong the battery lifetime of resource-constrained wireless sensors in the Internet of Things era. However, it is challenging to jointly schedule dynamic renewable energy sources and communications resources to coordinate heterogeneous performance requirements in rechargeable wireless sensor networks (RWSN). Hence, this paper researches rechargeable adaptive energy-efficient dual-mode data gathering using renewable energy sources. Firstly, considering the limited endurance of UAV and the uncertainty of renewable energy harvesting, a life-expectancy-balance-based adaptive energy-efficient dual-mode data gathering strategy is proposed for optimizing the communication energy efficiency of fixed data gathering (FDG) and mobile data gathering (MDG). Then, considering WET and MDG, the synergy payoff function of rechargeable MDG (RMDG) is designed, and the corresponding synergy payoff maximization problem is established. The problem is non-convex due to the coupling of MDG and WET, so it is decomposed into two layers to be quickly solved by the designed hierarchical decomposition framework. The simulation results prove that our algorithm can efficiently use renewable energy sources, whether in FDG or RMDG mode, thereby improving the sustainability of RWSN.
The purpose of this paper is to propose a multi-criteria decision-making model capable of strategically evaluating environmental trade-offs during the logistics planning phase. The objective is to build an optimization model for route planning with a trade-off solution for three criteria; cost, emission and time. The proposed model is tested at Northvolt (NV), a Swedish start up producing lithium-ion batteries. The results obtained from the optimization model were based on an emission calculation framework and weights assigned to the three selected criteria by five decision makers. The analysis shows that increased costs do not have a clear correlation with reduced emissions or transportation time. It also demonstrates that transporting goods on sea would increase the transportation time but decrease the emissions. The conclusions of the study are that costs can be reduced by 8%, emissions by 6% and transportation time by 14%, compared to their current operations. Short-term recommendations address the need of being agile in the route planning and analyse each shipment individually where the weights of the criteria should be alternated depending on the status of the project. This requires increased communication with the installation team on site and negotiation of contractual rates from additional ports in Sweden. Long-term recommendations emphasize the importance of developing and using emission key performance indicators to set targets in combination with a strategy in order to steer daily operations.
The supply chain’s underlying infrastructure affects the efficiency and design of distribution routes. As such infrastructure is associated with substantial capital investments, it is crucial to consider the network design and the location of various facilities. The supply chain network design in this context encompasses two major problem classes; the facility location problem aiming to find the optimal location for various facilities, and the vehicle routing problem aiming to find optimal routes to serve a set of customers by a fleet of vehicles from various facilities. Moreover, these problems are interconnected as the facility locations affect the demand fulfillment and the vehicle routing. Such problems are often solved with data analytics, in particular with optimization techniques within the field of Operations Research, which is concerned with the mathematical modeling and algorithmic solution of decision-making problems.
Delivery drones provide a promising sensing platform for smart cities thanks to their city-wide infrastructure and large-scale deployment. However, due to limited battery lifetime and available resources, it is challenging to schedule delivery drones to derive both high sensing and delivery performance, which is a highly complicated optimization problem with several coupled decision variables. Meanwhile, this complex optimization problem involves multiple interconnected decision variables, making it even more complex. In this paper, we first propose a delivery drone-based sensing system and formulate a mixed-integer non-linear programming problem (MINLP) that jointly optimizes the sensing utility and delivery time, considering practical factors including energy capacity and available delivery drones. Then we provide an efficient solution that integrates the strength of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) and heuristic, which decouples the highly complicated optimization search process and replaces the heavy computation with a rapid approximation. Evaluation results compared with the state-of-the-art baselines show that
DDL
improves the scheduling quality by at least 46% on average. More importantly, our proposed method could effectively improve the computational efficiency, which is up to 98 times higher than the best baseline.
The Amazon region has characteristics that point to logistical difficulties in meeting the demands whose inspection goal is to contribute to the economic development of the craft industry and commerce in the interior of the state, making regional products competitive, by providing technical metrological advice on procedures for verifying weighing and measuring instruments, using river vessels equipped with laboratories for testing pre-measured products, service rooms, IT and training. The Management Model for Basic River Units (UBF), aimed at carrying out inspection activities in the area of legal and scientific metrology and conformity assessment using fuzzy logic for decision-making, proposes an innovative management system for river units, focused on IPEM-AM's inspection activities using INMETRO's methodology. The approach uses fuzzy logic to improve decision-making, making it more accurate and efficient. The aim of the research is to evaluate a pressure device (sphygmomanometer) in order to fulfil inspection activities in the area of legal and scientific metrology and compliance, using fuzzy inference to support decision-making. The methodology used aims to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of inspection activities in these areas, reducing errors and optimising resources. Fuzzy logic is a suitable tool for dealing with the uncertainty and imprecision present in this context, allowing the system to make decisions that are closer to reality in accordance with the legislation. The results of the proposed model can be applied to different types of river units, helping to improve inspection processes and ensuring compliance with current rules and regulations. In addition, the use of fuzzy logic can provide more intelligent management that can be adapted to the changing conditions of the river environment according to the logistical purposes of the region.
Considering the importance of people’s use of healthcare centers, locating these centers is one of the most critical issues to discuss. Several factors, such as accessibility and proximity to potential centers, the cost of construction and maintenance, and the quality of services provided, need to be taken into account while determining the best possible location for healthcare centers. In this chapter, we propose a novel method that utilizes the concepts of efficiency and Data Envelopment Analysis models to identify the optimal location for healthcare centers. The proposed model is non-linear and can be solved using a two-step Lexicographic method. Moreover, we demonstrate how to allocate population centers to each healthcare site, in addition to selecting which sites are chosen.
This case study was carried out in a small authorized Mexican distribution company of chips for mobile phones, located in Mexico City, and its main objective is to increase forecasting accuracy to fulfil customer orders whilst delivery costs from the supplier to the customers are reduced. Currently, there is a competitive market due to presence of many competitors and to the entrance of new ones, as well as the pandemic environment. The company is facing pressures from its customers, who, as result of the increased demand uncertainty, require shorter delivery times compared with those previous the pandemic situation. To continue in the market, the company needs to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of its inventory, but since its forecasts are based on experience, sometimes they have high peaks in inventory and sometimes out-of-stocks, which negatively impacts profits; moreover, it takes at least three days to receive chips from suppliers and one day to activate and top-up the chips, taking at least four days to deliver to the customers. Hence, to help the company to improve demand forecasts and reduce costs for this company, it was used traditional forecasting methods, such as minimum squares, weighted moving average, Brown, Holt, and Winter (even and odd) to identify which of them best fit and that can be used to forecast next month demands, based on historical data. Mean Absolute Percentage Error, Mean Square Error, and Mean Absolute Deviation were used to identify the best model. As the analysis result, Holt method was the best model to be used for forecasting purposes, with a mean absolute deviation of 0.0103, a mean square error 0f 0.0002, and a mean absolute deviation of 0.001%, helping to the company to plan better, using a mathematical model, and reducing costs while increasing the customer satisfaction. Finally, with this application, it was highlighted the importance of using forecasting models to improve inventory of finished goods.
Context. The article considers a technique for the sequential application of flow schemes for distributing a homogeneous resource for solving the traveling salesman problem, which is formulated as the problem of finding a route to visit a given number of cities without repetitions with a minimum duration of movement. The task of formalizing the algorithm for solving the traveling salesman problem by the method of streaming resource distribution using the backtracking scheme is posed. The use of Orlin’s method to optimize the flow distribution on the graph is proposed. Objective. The goal of the work is to develop an algorithm for solving the traveling salesman problem based on the implementation of the method of streaming resource distribution and the backtracking scheme with the minimum duration of movement along the route. Method. This paper proposes a method for solving the traveling salesman problem by the method of streaming resource distribution with the backtracking scheme. A scheme for formalizing the procedure for solving the traveling salesman problem with the minimum duration of movement along the route is described. A variant of accelerating the speed of the developed algorithm is proposed, which consists in using a greedy technique in the procedure for selecting route sections: planning each subsequent stage of movement is determined based on the choice of the fastest direction of movement. The results of the proposed algorithm for calculating solutions to the traveling salesman problem with minimization of the duration of movement are presented, the obtained solutions are compared with the solutions found by other exact and heuristic methods. Results. The method for solving the traveling salesman problem using the method of streaming resource allocation and using the backtracking scheme is developed. A variant of accelerating the speed of the developed algorithm is proposed, which consists in using a greedy technique in the procedure for selecting route sections: planning each subsequent stage of movement is determined based on the choice of the fastest direction of movement. The application of the greedy approach makes it possible to obtain a constructive scheme for solving the traveling salesman problem. The results of the proposed algorithm for calculating solutions to the traveling salesman problem with minimization of the duration of movement are presented, the obtained solutions are compared with the solutions found by other exact and heuristic methods. Conclusions. The paper considers a method for formalizing the algorithm for solving the traveling salesman problem using the method of streaming resource allocation and the backtracking scheme. The use of Orlin’s method to optimize the flow distribution on the graph is proposed. The scheme of formalization of the procedure for using the method with the implementation of the backtracking scheme for solving the traveling salesman problem with the minimum duration of movement along the route is briefly described. A variant of accelerating the speed of the developed algorithm is proposed.
Recently, the evolution of emerging information and communication technologies (e-ICTs) has been opening the road for developing and implementing new integrated and dynamic city logistics solutions, and subsequently for identifying new frontiers of intelligent transport systems (ITS) supporting the development of smart cities. In this context, the paper reviews the new e-ICTs, pointing out the opportunity that they are offering in implementing actions within the goals identified by the Agenda 2030.
Wireless power transfer (WPT) based on mobile platforms such as unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has been recognized as a promised technique to prolong battery lifetime of resource-constrained wireless sensors in the Internet of Things (IoT) era. However, it is challenging to collaborate multiple mobile wireless chargers (MWCs) for coordinating heterogeneous energy requirements of massive rechargeable wireless sensors, where the efficient optimization of quantitative collaboration utility among MWCs is difficult. Hence, this paper investigates the adaptive payoff balance among MWCs for rechargeable wireless sensor networks (RWSN). Firstly, the collaborative wireless powered system based on charging sectors control among MWCs is proposed. Then, the charging payoff function and the corresponding optimization problem for maximizing the minimum payoff are designed, and it is decomposed into two layers by the hierarchical decompose method to be solved quickly. In the bottom layer, the payoff of each MWC with the given charging sector is maximized by the convex optimization theory. According to the payoff feedback of the bottom layer, intelligent charging sectors allocation is realized by the deep reinforcement learning. The simulation results show that our algorithm can ensure efficient energy allocation of any single MWC, and the overall utility of collaborative wireless powered system on this basis can be optimized by rationally allocating charging sectors, which significantly improves the sustainability of RWSN.
Industry 4.0 applications in global value chains, considering fields of knowlegde like innovation, sostenibility, tecnology and resilience.
Delivery drones provide a promising sensing platform for Mobile Crowdsensing (MCS) due to their high mobility and large-scale deployment. However, due to limited battery lifetime and available resources, it is challenging to schedule large-scale delivery drones to derive both high crowdsensing and delivery performance, which is a highly complicated optimization problem with several coupled decision variables. In this paper, we first formalize the delivery drones scheduling problem as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming problem with both sensing and delivery utilities as dual objectives. Then we propose a novel framework DeliverSense with a reinforcement learning-based efficient solution, which decouples the highly complicated optimization search process and replaces the heavy computation via fast approximation. Evaluation results compared with state-of-the-art baseline show that DeliverSense improves the total utility by 13% and 23% on average under various energy budgets and numbers of selected routes, respectively. More importantly, our proposed method achieves much lower computational complexity which is nearly 3 times lower than the baseline.
Yalın lojistik stratejiler, katma değer sağlamayan her türlü israf unsurunun ortadan kaldırılması suretiyle maliyetlerin azaltılması ve verimliliğin arttırılmasını amaçlar. Bu çalışmada, yalın bir ağ tasarımı yoluyla gereksiz taşıma maliyetlerinin azaltılması amacı doğrultusunda iki kademeli tesis lokasyon ve araç rotalama problemi ele alınmıştır. Çalışmada incelenen problemin özellikleri doğrultusunda değişken kapalı uçlu araç rotalama tanımı yapılmıştır. Ele alınan lokasyon ve rotalama probleminin bütünleşik bir şekilde çözümü için tamsayılı doğrusal programlama modeli geliştirilmiştir. Önerilen modelde, taşıma ağında yer alacak aktarma merkezi (AKM) sayısı ve lokasyonlarının belirlenmesine, talep merkezlerinin bu AKM’lere atanmasına ve her bir AKM için değişken kapalı uçlu araç rotalarının oluşturulmasına çalışılmıştır. Modelde birinci öncelikli amaç olarak taşıma ağı boyunca katedilen toplam mesafenin, ikinci öncelikli amaç olarak ise kullanılan toplam araç sayısının minimize edilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Geliştirilen model, ülkemizdeki bir kamu kurumunun taşıma problemine uygulanmış ve modelin çözümü sonucunda oluşturulan yalın taşıma ağı mevcut ağ ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Elde edilen çözüm sonuçları, yalın taşıma ağı tasarımı yoluyla önemli düzeyde iyileştirmelerin sağlanabileceğini göstermiştir.
Highlights: Graphical/Tabular Abstract Capacitated vehicle routing problem with pickup or delivery is considered Initial solution method developed with fuzzy c-means is developed for the problem Performance of the model is tested on test instances In this study, the initial solution of Simulated Annealing method is improved with Fuzzy c-means. The vehicle routing problem with capacitated aims to determine the optimal set of routes for a fleet of vehicles serving customers with various demand. This method, which is used to find overlapping clusters through data, has a flexible structure and has a better classification ability than other clustering algorithms. Figure A. Final solution of 13 cluster vehicle routing problem Purpose: The aim of this study is to obtain efficient solution procedures for the vehicle routing problems for which minimization of route distances is of importance. Theory and Methods: Metaheuristic methods are sensitive to the initial solution. So the nodes were clustered with the Fuzzy c means to improve the initial solution. The result from here is given as an input to the Simulation Annealing algorithm. The routing problem of the capacity vehicle has been solved. Results: Both the accuracy and the efficiency of the developed method are proven by the computational results. Conclusion: In this paper, a vehicle routing problem with capacitated is addressed. Solution procedures which are able to find good feasible solutions within a small amount of time are obtained. This method can be used when small and complex problems need to be solved. Proposed mathematical model and heuristic algorithm give better results.
In this study, a popular problem, the Vehicle Routing Problem, has been studied. Simulated annealing, a meta-heuristic method, was used to solve the problem. In general, the simulated annealing algorithm is an iterative process according to the variable temperature parameter, which mimics the annealing process of metals. The biggest problem with this method for our study is that it randomly generates the initial solution used to start the algorithm. For this reason, since the search space used to reach the optimum solution is large, the solution time (or number of iterations) will increase. With a better initial solution, it will take less time to reach the optimum solution. Since the optimum solution we want to reach is the minimum distance, the routes are clustered using fuzzy c mean to improve the initial solution. Due to fuzzy logic, the case that each data can be included in more than one cluster between 0-1 will approach the optimum solution since it will change the initial solution in each solution of the algorithm. By using the same data and the same parameters, the initial solution is improved with fuzzy c mean using a random initial solution, and the problem is solved with Simulated Annealing. Fuzzy c mean method reduced the initial search space by 57%. Therefore, Fuzzy c mean gave results closer to the optimum solution in the same solution time and the same iteration number.
In this chapter, considering the importance of spare parts inventory management in the equipment life cycle, the excellence models in spare parts supply chain management are reviewed, and MRO-MMM framework based on the MMM maintenance excellence model will be presented in eight steps. In this comprehensive framework, all necessary actions are considered in terms of maintenance excellence, improvement, and optimization spare parts management. The steps include compiling strategies, spare parts management policies, and related indicators; determining criticality, classification, and spare parts data management; data and procedure preparation for analysis of inventory management; optimization of inventory management system; supplier management; integrity of automation and information system; continuous improvement; and risk based and smarting inventory management. This framework has been used in various industries and proved that the implementation of the MRO-MMM framework will optimize and significantly improve spare parts management.
Lojistik maliyetler işletme içerisinde önemli yeri olan maliyet kalemlerinden birisidir. İşletmelerin, hammaddenin elde edilmesinden, ürünün son tüketiciye ulaşıncaya kadar ki süreçte lojistik performanslarını, lojistik faaliyetler sonucu ortaya çıkan lojistik maliyetlerini etkin bir biçimde yönetmesi gerekmektedir. Bu noktada küreselleşme ile beraber artan lojistik faaliyetler, işletmelerde bu faaliyetlerin maliyetlerinin etkin yönetimini daha da önemli hale getirmiştir. Özellikle artan rekabet ortamında varlığını sürdürmek isteyen işletmelerin, lojistik maliyetlerini, diğer işletme maliyetlerinden ayrı sınıflandırarak değerlendirmesi önemlidir. Zira lojistik maliyetlerin etkin yönetiminin, müşteri ilişkilerinde iyileşme, kaliteli ve planlı lojistik süreci, pazar payı artışı gibi işletmeye olumlu etkileri bulunmaktadır. Lojistik maliyetlerin etkin yönetiminin işletme üzerine etkisini ölçen birçok gösterge bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Giresun ilindeki kurumsal kimliği olan imalat işletmelerinde lojistik faaliyetlerde yer alan unsurların maliyet faktörleri, çok kriterli karar verme yöntemlerinden biri olan MOOSRA tekniği kullanılarak önceliklendirilmiştir. Yapılan çalışma sonucunda imalat işletmelerinde lojistik maliyet yönetimine etki eden en önemli faktörün “Stok Yönetim Maliyetleri “ en az öneme sahip olan faktörün ise “Elleçleme Maliyetleri” olduğu tespit edimiştir.
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