Budgeting Basics and Beyond: Shim/Budgeting
... However, its study is often focused on the budget constraint angle rather than its influence on the transactions. [12,28,29] defined it as the formal expression of plans and objectives of financial expenses expressed in quantitative and monetary terms, assisting efficiently in achieving organizational and company goals. Since then, the budget concept has evolved from expense planning to a strategic plan for efficient decision-making [12]. ...
... Therefore, his perception of the purchase budget stimulates him to track his spending and directly influences him while taking advantage of competitive prices [8,29,50]. The influence of customer perception of the purchase budget on customer purchase behaviour is also associated with positive customer perceptions of reducing spending [8,7,28]. Despite these pieces of evidence that customer perception of purchase budget might influence consumer perceived benefit when purchasing online, we found that almost no studies have explored that relationship, especially in smartphone purchases through CBEC. ...
... A 5-point Likert scale was used to evaluate the items, with 1 denoting strong disagreement and 5 denoting strong agreement. Based on the definitions of [7,28,48,83], eight items were used to gauge how much the purchase budget was perceived. The scale used to represent the perception of the purchase budget was twodimensional. ...
The study explores the direct and mediated impacts of customers' perception of purchase budget (BGT) on purchase intention (PIT) through perceived quality (PPQ), perceived price (PPR), and perceived benefit (PB) in a crosscountry setting to understand BGT's role in predicting customer purchase intention in smartphone selling through international online shopping platforms. An online survey was conducted in Kenya, France, and the United States to gather data from 429 consumers who had recently purchased one or more smart-phones through international online shopping platforms. SmartPLS-4 was used to test the hypotheses. Results for the entire sample showed a significantly positive mediating role of PPR and PPQ between BGT and PIT. However, the mediating roles of PPQ and PB were not significant in the samples from Kenya, France, and the United States. The results also showed that PPR plays a significant and positive mediating role between BGT and PIT in samples from Kenya, France, the United States, and overall. However, the direct relationships between BGT and PPQ, PPR, and PB are shown to be negatively significant.
... There are number of budgets such as master, functional, fixed, flexible, long-term, short-term, basic, and current budget which can be categorized based on coverage, capacity, period, and conditions (Shim and Siegel, 2005;Tulsian and Tulsian, 2012). Here, the coverage based functional budget and master budget are commonly used among the organizations. ...
... The functional budget is associated with individual functions or inter-departmental in an organization for an example sale budget, production budget, and direct labour budget (Tulsian and Tulsian, 2012). The master budget is a consolidated summary of various separate budgets which are related to functional budgets (Shim and Siegel, 2005). On the other hand, there are number of budgeting techniques have evolved such as top-down, bottom-up, rolling, zero-based, activity-based, incremental, and feed-forward control budgeting (Ryan, 2017 ...
... Therefore, they need proper training which leads to extra cost and time. In addition, need high manpower requirement in this budgeting process due to increase of paper work and preparing the Page 4 of 6 Managing Financial Performance, University of Wolverhampton Business School, January 2019 decision packages from the zero based (Shim and Siegel, 2005). It can be more expensive and cannot tolerate by small organizations. ...
Zero-based budgeting is a budgeting technique to prepare completely new budget from zero based with proper analysis. Nowadays the Zero-based budgeting technique is very popular among the business organizations to sustain from increasing business uncertainties, economic crisis and recession. The main features of this technique are high employees’ involvement and removal of inefficient activities from the decision units. On the other hand, organization are struggling in the Zero-based budgeting technique implementation process due to less flexibility, more expensive, time consuming, and lack of expertise. Anyhow, as a conclusion, it is situational budgeting technique is having more unique advantages while having significant numbers of limitations.
... For accurate calculations, costing-stakeholders must differentiate between the price paid versus the market price. The price paid by a particular HCF may not necessarily reflect all the expenses, such as taxes, procurement, transportation, or insurance, that another facility would need to cover [81]. Similarly, subsidized or donated supplies or uncompensated staff time are often inappropriately considered as "free" because the HCF would not pay for these items, but these goods and services should be included in cost calculations at the market rate to avoid underestimating the true costs of EHS delivery. ...
... However, for cases where a needed resource would not be covered by other sources, the entire costs should be included. For example, if an HCF does not have a groundskeeper, but one is required for delivering a particular EHS, the entire salary should be included as a relevant cost [81,82]. ...
... Another approach is to include contingency funds in the estimate of any project, which is often around ten percent of the total project cost [83,84]. For a more detailed introduction to budgeting, see [82] or [81]. ...
Environmental health services (EHS) in healthcare facilities (HCFs) are critical for safe care provision, yet their availability in low-and middle-income countries is low. A poor understanding of costs hinders progress towards adequate provision. Methods are inconsistent and poorly documented in costing literature, suggesting opportunities to improve evidence. The goal of this research was to develop a model to guide budgeting for EHS in HCFs. Based on 47 studies selected through a systematic review, we identified discrete budgeting steps, developed codes to define each step, and ordered steps into a model. We identified good practices based on a review of additional selected guidelines for costing EHS and HCFs. Our model comprises ten steps in three phases: planning, data collection, and synthesis. Costing-stakeholders define the costing purpose, relevant EHS, and cost scope; assess the EHS delivery context; develop a costing plan; and identify data sources (planning). Stakeholders then execute their costing plan and evaluate the data quality (data collection). Finally, stakeholders calculate costs and disseminate findings (synthesis). We present three hypothetical costing examples and discuss good practices, including using costing frameworks, selecting appropriate indicators to measure the quantity and quality of EHS, and iterating planning and data collection to select appropriate costing approaches and identify data gaps.
... The decision-making algorithm provided in Figure 2 is divided into three main blocks: Block 1 contains records of historical data of impacting processes and Block 2 forecasts future processes, models the billing system, simulates the operation of the distribution grid, prosumers, and loads, and evaluates economic and technical indicators; Block 3 elaborates recommendations for decision-makers. Forecasts of processes are used, which have been formed on the basis of measurements of the processes in question and by applying the so-called naive forecasting approach [55] to solar and wind generation, energy consumption, which assumes that past processes will repeat in the future. For electricity price forecasting, the authors offered a Forecasts of processes are used, which have been formed on the basis of measurements of the processes in question and by applying the so-called naive forecasting approach [55] to solar and wind generation, energy consumption, which assumes that past processes will repeat in the future. ...
... Forecasts of processes are used, which have been formed on the basis of measurements of the processes in question and by applying the so-called naive forecasting approach [55] to solar and wind generation, energy consumption, which assumes that past processes will repeat in the future. For electricity price forecasting, the authors offered a Forecasts of processes are used, which have been formed on the basis of measurements of the processes in question and by applying the so-called naive forecasting approach [55] to solar and wind generation, energy consumption, which assumes that past processes will repeat in the future. For electricity price forecasting, the authors offered a prediction method based on the Fourier transformation [56] to capture the seasonality characteristics of the price series. ...
As distribution grids are made to accommodate significant amounts of renewable energy resources, the power system evolves from a classical producer-consumer scheme to a new one that includes individual prosumers or energy communities. This article contributes to the exploration of the solution to the dilemma of whether to be a distributed prosumer or an energy community prosumer by comparing the profitability of these two business models. To achieve this goal, a high-resolution methodology is created for measuring economic performance via proposed indices under different development scenarios of renewable proliferation and various network configurations. The developed methodology considers today’s electricity billing and renewable support scheme net metering. The results indicate that, first, the energy community is a more profitable framework than the individual distributed prosumer: avoided costs for energy community are, on average, 20% higher than for the individual, resulting in a payback period of the energy community that is about two times shorter than for owners of rooftop installations. Such promising results should encourage ordinary consumers to be members of energy communities. Second, the energy losses in the power distribution system are slightly higher for the case of energy communities rather than individual prosumers, yet the difference is insignificant, about 0.2%. Third, regulatory barriers shall be removed to enable participation of Latvian prosumers and distribution system operators to the energy communities, as it will benefit all the stakeholders and facilitate economically efficient energy transition. The results of this study could be adopted by decision-makers, such as government agencies, companies, and solar and wind turbine owners.
... Planning means to predefine possible activities and how to do it. Planning is an effort to anticipate before doing something so that what is done can be managed properly aim is to provide the process feed forward in order to give direction to every manager in decision making daily operations [11], the linkage between planning and budgeting described in the Fig. 6. Fig. 6. ...
... Fig. 6. Linkages Planning and Budget [11] Budget is a plan of systematically arranged, which covers all activities of the company, which is expressed in units (entity) monetary and valid for a period of time (period) certain to come [12]. ...
This research has applied an integrated design and development of planning information system, which is been designed using Enterprise Architecture Planning. Frequent discrepancy between planning and realization of the budget that has been made, resulted in ineffective planning, is one of the reason for doing this research. The design using EAP aims to keep development aligned and in line with the strategic direction of the organization. In the practice, EAP is carried out in several stages of the planning initiation, identification and definition of business functions, proceeded with architectural design and EA implementation plan that has been built. In addition to the design of the Enterprise Architecture, this research carried out the implementation, and was tested by several methods of black box and white box. Black box testing method is used to test the fundamental aspects of the software, tested by two kinds of testing, first is using User Acceptance Testing and the second is using software functionality testing. White box testing method is used to test the effectiveness of the code in the software, tested using unit testing. Tests conducted using white box and black box on the integrated planning information system, is declared successful. Success in the software testing can not be ascertained if the software built has not shown any distinction from prior circumstance to the development of this integrated planning information system. For ensuring the success of this system implementation, the authors test consistency between the planning of data and the realization of prior-use of the information system, until after-use information system. This consistency test is done by reducing the time data of the planning and realization time. From the tabulated data, the planning information system that has been built reduces the difference between the planning time and the realization time, in which indicates that the planning information system can motivate the planner unit in realizing the budget that has been designed. It also proves that the value chain of the information planning system has brought implications for budget realization.
... The authors, who wrote most exhaustive scientific works that are analysing the issues of budget creation and adjustment, are the following: Welsch et al. (1988); Hofstede (1998); Rasmussen and Eichorn (2000); Shchiborsch (2001); Rasmussen et al. (2003); Fraser (2003a, 2003b); Lalli (2003); Afanasjev (2004); Bhimani et al (2008); Shim and Siegel (2008); Becker et al. (2010); Smirnova and Smirnov (2010); Needles et al. (2011); Gaižauskas and Skyrius (2012); Lohan (2013); Sekhar and Rajagopalan (2013); Tamulevičienė and Subačienė (2013); Becker (2014); Drury (2015). All of the mentioned authors had mostly researched the theoretical aspects of budget formation, but there are only a few scientific researches in which the applying of budgets in practice are revealed. ...
... Most of the authors, which analyse the theoretical aspects the budget (Gitelman, 1999;Horvat, 2006;Shim and Siegel, 2008;Needles et al., 2011 and others) also agree that strategical and operational planning in organizations are the most complex and critical management function. Activities and budget funds for their implementation are built in a plan to base for achieving the goals. ...
Information on an application of the budgeting by Ukrainian enterprises at the moment is virtually non-existent, but the budget is one of the most important management methods in most companies in the world, that is the reason why benefit of practice of this method formation and application is not questionable. Recently, this topic became significantly relevant, when the need of efficient competitive potential is increasing, it is necessary to realize changing tendencies of the current business environment and to adapt to them, because users’ instability or incomprehensibility of immaterial resources for a longer period of time negatively affects business results. Consequently, an intense scientific discussion is in the progress about budgets in practice, which are not adjusted to the modern realms, but also do not encourages business and cause negative consequences to the organizations that are utilizing them. Therefore, the level of budget formation and its implementation in Ukrainian companies has been carried out in this article by the questionnaire survey method collecting primary data. The analysis of the survey results shows, almost all Ukrainian companies set up the budgets. There are investigate the budgeting models, review preferences of the budgeting system, consider an organization of the budgeting process and assess an accomplishment and difficulties of the budgeting system in Ukrainian companies, which would create the potential for successful economic operators in the future.
... The use of technology in the business organization and market has been increased greatly since the last decade. Now, the creation and successful commercialization of technology is among a company's most potentially viable strategies (Shim & Siegel, 2009). Nevertheless, it can succeed with the synergy of skilled management that (re)defines the company's goals and competencies and through a good strategic planning process (Fletcher, 1999). ...
... Nevertheless, it can succeed with the synergy of skilled management that (re)defines the company's goals and competencies and through a good strategic planning process (Fletcher, 1999). Utilization of IT for gaining strategic advantage over competitors should be the focus of business entrepreneurial activities to survive in the rapidly evolving world of e-business (Shim & Siegel, 2009). ...
The aim of this article is to investigate the impact of information communication technologies (ICT) and innovation activities on firm performance using the Business Environment Enterprise Performance Survey (BEEPS) firm-level data in the three rounds: 2002, 2005, and 2008. The novelty of this research is based on the idea of studying the usage of ICT and innovation activities on firm performance by using dynamic approach so that we can estimate the adjustments that arise from the impact of ICT and innovation activities. The rapid technological development and the growing use of information technology (IT) in business organizations have become the center of attention in past few years. A bulk of literature has been published on the use of IT in different industries, different types of business organizations, and in different areas of business management. On the other hand, the probability of the firm to undertake innovation activities has shown to enhance firm performance. This study implements various estimations on BEEPS observations to test whether the change in the usage of ICT and other innovation determinants have increase the probability of firms to undertake innovation activities.
... The manager must set his overall goals and find ways to accomplish them. Some objectives are profit and return on investment of maximization, improving the sales base, cost minimization, increasing production volume, generating cash flow, and improving product or service quality (Shim & Siegel, 1994) The budget is the written expression of management's plan for the future (Usry et al., 1988). Budget is a detailed plan, expressed in quantitative terms, that specifies how resources will be acquired and used during a specified period of time (Hilton, 1991). ...
... One of the main budgets functions is planning (Usry et al., 1988;Welsch et al., 1988;Arnold & Hope, 1990;Hilton, 1991;Lucey, 1992;Shim & Siegel, 1994;Garrison, 1998;Hope &Fraser, 2003;Mackevičius, 2003;Kalčinskas, 2007;Bogsnes, 2009). Planning is the process of developing enterprise objectives and selecting a future course of action to accomplish them. ...
Frauds have a large influence on every company's financial statements and activity results; it's image, competitiveness and activity continuity. Frauds reduce financial statements reliability and it's worth as significant information source. One of the main ways to implement financial frauds is pre-planning, which can be done using budgets. For some companies the budgets have become the main instrumentality for planning not only their ordinary activity, but also and financial frauds. So it is very important to found out how the information of company budgets can be used for detecting the financial frauds. Therefore the technique of financial frauds identification using company budgets information was constructed.
... Os resultados sugerem que nas cooperativas menores, pertencentes ao Grupo I, há uma percepção maior da utilização do orçamento como ferramenta de apoio à formulação e implementação de estratégias. Os achados de nossa pesquisa para esse quesito são aderentes a outros estudos que sugerem existir a percepção da utilização do orçamento como instrumento de apoio À definição e implementação de estratégias (HANSEN; STEDE, 2004; ABERNETHY; BROWNELL, 1999; SHIM; SIEGEL, 2005; NOVAK, 2004 ). Para as cooperativas que formam o Grupo II, a percepção é maior quanto à utilização do orçamento como ferramenta de controle (p = 0,014). ...
... Os resultados sugerem que nas cooperativas menores, pertencentes ao Grupo I, há uma percepção maior da utilização do orçamento como ferramenta de apoio à formulação e implementação de estratégias. Os achados de nossa pesquisa para esse quesito são aderentes a outros estudos que sugerem existir a percepção da utilização do orçamento como instrumento de apoio À definição e implementação de estratégias (HANSEN; STEDE, 2004; ABERNETHY; BROWNELL, 1999; SHIM; SIEGEL, 2005; NOVAK, 2004 ). Para as cooperativas que formam o Grupo II, a percepção é maior quanto à utilização do orçamento como ferramenta de controle (p = 0,014). ...
São objetivos deste estudo: (i) verificar se há relação entre o porte da cooperativa e autilização do orçamento como ferramenta de apoio à formulação e implementação deestratégias; (ii) se há relação entre o porte da cooperativa e a interatividade no processoorçamentário; e (iii) se há relação entre o porte da cooperativa e a prática de controleorçamentário. Metodologicamente é uma pesquisa exploratória e descritiva. Os dados foramcoletados por meio de questionários e tratados estatisticamente. O faturamento foi utilizadocomo proxy para porte. As cooperativas foram classificadas em dois grupos: Grupo I comfaturamento até um milhão de reais e Grupo II com faturamento acima de quinhentos milhõesde reais O teste t para variáveis independentes foi aplicado para verificação de diferençasou não quanto ao porte. A amostra composta de 70 cooperativas da região Sul é representativada população pesquisada conforme teste chi-square (n = 0,993). Os resultados dos testessugerem uma relação significativa entre o porte da cooperativa e a utilização do orçamentocomo ferramenta de apoio à estratégia e controle. Quanto à interatividade, os testes indicamque não há relação significativa entre o porte da cooperativa e a interação entre os atores.
... This criticism traces back to R.J. Lord (1977). Additionally, Shim and Siegel (2005) refer to the difficulty of creating the model as another possible reason. ...
Budgets are important management tools recognized for their help in planning, communication, monitoring the expense performance, and even motivating collaborators. However, recently there has been criticism of the traditional Budgeting Process due to its cumbersomeness, long duration, and eventual diversion of the focus from the day-to-day activities. Thus, improving the Budgeting Process by incorporating Expense component uncertainties is of uttermost importance to accelerate its approval.
This paper presents a methodology for companies to assess their budget risk based on their historical Expense data by applying Monte Carlo Simulation and Time Series Bootstrapping Techniques. Besides, some state-of-the-art sensitivity Importance Measures are also implemented to help evaluate the relative importance of the Expense components. The methodology proposed, based on a real case study with data from a major Portuguese retailer, has the advantage of being objective and supported by data, thus not being subject to bias from the management.
... And each enterprise can build its own nternet on the basis of this structure. e schematic diagram of the B/S architecture is shown in Figure 1 [16][17][18][19][20]. ...
In order to meet the requirements of the medical reform on the informatization construction of hospital operation management, a new and refined management system is established for the hospital, which integrates and analyzes the daily management data, realizes the unification of “capital flow and business flow,” and enhances the management’s understanding of people, management of the planning use, and coordination and control of various comprehensive resources of finance and materials. In this study, by creating a new type of comprehensive operation management platform for the hospital, and by establishing a whole new set of operation management decision-making system, the hospital can effectively and unifiedly manage the business related to people, finance, and materials, so that the multifaceted business data can be effectively managed. Interoperability and sharing, with cost accounting as the center, enhance the management’s intuitive understanding of the operation of various aspects of the hospital and provide strong support for the management of planning, coordination, resource allocation, comprehensive analysis, etc., forming financial management categories and logistics. There are four management categories: management category, human resource management category, business analysis, and decision-making category; the ultimate realization of the optimization of hospital resources and operation mode, the decision-making system aiming at the comprehensive management of hospital personnel, finance, and materials, that is, the comprehensive operation management of the hospital system. The system can provide a strong guarantee for the stable, safe, and healthy economic operation of the hospital and improve the information construction and sustainable development of the hospital. Ultimately, the purpose of improving the comprehensive operation management of the hospital, realizing the refined management, enhancing the core competitiveness of the hospital, and finally realizing the integration of business and finance is achieved.
... İşletme bütçesi ise işletmenin geleceğe ilişkin faaliyet ve faaliyet sonuçlarını kontrol etmeyi sağlayan finansal bir plandır (Shim & Siegel, 2001). Bütçe, belirli bir dönem içerisinde işletmenin finansal ve finansal olmayan kaynaklarının elde edilmesi ve kullanımını tasarlayan ayrıntılı bir plan ve gelecek için belirlenen planların rakamlarla ifade edilmesi şeklinde tanımlanmaktadır. ...
Activity Based Costing and Budgeting systems, which are compatible with the strategic goals, planning and technological infrastructure of the enterprises, have gained importance and started to be preferred in recent years. Activity Based Costing provides accuracy and reliability in determining product cost by focusing on the cause-effect relationship in cost formation. The most basic strategic point of view it brings is that it is not products that cause costs, but activities, and that it is product and service groups that consume activities.
It identifies the true nature of cost behavior and helps to reduce costs and identify activities that do not add value to the product. Activity Based Costing uses multiple cost drivers, most of which are transactional rather than product volume.
... al., 2012, p. 111). Shim & Siegel (2005) define a budget as the formal expression of plans, goals, and objectives of management for a designated time period (p. 1). ...
The purpose of this study is to conduct an overview of the duties and responsibilities of sales managers. Accordingly, based on a literature review and the findings in previous studies, the duties and responsibilities of sales managers are listed, examined and evaluated. In the extant literature, it has been observed that the tasks of this management position have not been widely evaluated, although sales managers are the key elements in effective salesforce management and are crucial to a company’s achievements. This research contributes to the existing literature, as the topic is not only reviewed with respect to the current literature but also supported by the personal interpretation of the author based on his own professional experiences as a sales manager in various companies. In addition to findings from the current literature on the duties and responsibilities of sales managers, this study emphasizes the importance of stakeholder relations management for sales managers and recommends researchers to consider including this dimension in relevant future researches. To conclude, the study proposes some practical managerial implications for sales managers in fulfilling their duties and responsibilities.
... The book of J. Shim, J. Siegel [4] focuses on issues of effective planning including plan-and-fact analyzing and controlling. ...
... Accordingly, an understanding of cost behaviour is crucial for managers and accountants to ensure that data are exported and utilized in order to make effective decisions. [1] They can then variously employ this comprehension of costing, e.g. for flexible budgeting, breakeven point calculations, assessing the performance of divisions, or for short-and long-term decision-making [2]. ...
Results are presented from quantitative research as part of a project on cost variability and cost management systems. The main objective was to analyze principal findings stemming from determining perception of cost behaviour in practice of industrial firms. Special attention was paid to selected cost groups, especially logistics costs. The main part presents results verified through statistical inspection of dependence relations. Key discoveries comprise significant drawbacks for manufacturing enterprises and reservations they hold about overhead cost management. Additionally, it was found that the share of overheads remained relatively high. Furthermore, confirmation was made on the close differences between company size and diligence paid to managing variable and fixed costs. It was also confirmed that senior executives were uninformed about asymmetric cost behaviours or the influence of factors beyond production capacity. Logistics costs were identified from the perspective of the cost behaviour problem. Crucial findings are discussed in the final part of the paper.
... A budget helps management of an organization to evaluate plans and actions before implementing them. Traditionally, budgeting is an annual event or even a multiyear event; Shim and Siegel (2008) describe an annual event as 'short term,' and a long-term to be three years or more. However, such a long budgeting interval makes an organization rigid in terms of its decision making and planning capabilities. ...
... The process of budgeting is to translate plans, strategy and expectations about the future into financial and non-financial numbers. It is seen to increase control over the immediate environment, and address problems before they occur (Shim, 2011). In the current literature there is some debate about the difference between the traditional budget and alternative budgeting methods. ...
The 2008 economic crisis had a significant impact on the business world. In the present study we examine the impact of drastic increase in environmental turbulence due to a large-scale national economic crisis on budgeting practices in private companies. The empirical material is from two surveys of budgeting practices in 184 Icelandic companies in 2008 and 191 companies in 2014. The 2008 survey was carried out months before the Icelandic economy was hit with the worst crisis in the history of the country dramatically increasing the environmental turbulence and uncertainty in the operating environment of companies. The 2014 survey was carried out 6 years later using a similar survey instrument and methodological approach. The results indicate, contrary to expectations, that the economic crisis has not had any significant effects on budgeting practice in Iceland. Budgeting practices remain relatively simple and might be seen more as a routine rather than a valuable management tool.
Стаття присвячена вдосконаленню процесу бюджетування підприємств. Підкреслено необхідність вдосконалення процесу бюджетування в умовах невизначеності. Виділено чотири напрями вдосконалення процесу бюджетування: використання динамічних підходів; оптимізація параметрів процесу бюджетування; використання методів бюджетування, спрямованих на ефективне управління витратами; пріоритетність інформації про грошові потоки і диверсифікація планових показників. Динамічні підходи включають гнучке бюджетування і сценарне моделювання. Оптимізація параметрів процесу бюджетування передбачає скорочення бюджетного періоду і зменшення обсягу бюджетних показників. Методи бюджетування на нульовій основі і на основі бізнес-процесів є методами, спрямованими на ефективне управління витратами. Обгрунтовано пріоритетність інформації про грошові потоки і доцільність використання нефінансової інформації у бюджетуванні.
O artigo tem como objetivo descrever o processo de elaboração do orçamento em uma instituição financeira pernambucana. O orçamento pode ser considerado um instrumento essencial no planejamento financeiro de uma organização. No entanto, este instrumento precisa estar alinhado com os objetivos institucionais, respaldando os gestores nas decisões. Para a realização da pesquisa, utilizou-se como método o estudo de caso, com levantamento dos dados por meio de entrevista e análise documental. Os resultados obtidos revelaram envolvimento do quadro funcional, na etapa do planejamento, bem como a forma hierarquizada de acompanhamento e controle do orçamento. Pode-se ainda perceber que algumas características das práticas orçamentárias adotadas pela Instituição Financeira (na elaboração, execução e controle) estão de acordo com aquelas encontradas na literatura, como o alinhamento do orçamento ao planejamento estratégico e a realização da comparação dos valores orçados com o realizado, como forma de controle.
A unique lens for studying event project management in the era of sustainability, digital transformation, smart cities and rapid development in technology. It discusses and explains how to manage events utilising the sustainable project management model adapted to the specific context of event management.
One of the most challenging tasks in financial management for large governmental and industrial organizations is Planning and Budgeting (P&B). The processes involved with P&B are cost and time intensive, especially when dealing with uncertainties and budget adjustments during the planning horizon. This work builds on our previous research in which we proposed and evaluated a fuzzy approach that allows optimizing the budget interactively beyond the initial planning stage. In this research we propose an extension that handles financial stress (i.e. drastic budget cuts) occurred during the budget period. This is done by introducing fuzzy stress parameters which are used to re-distribute the budget in order to minimize the negative impact of the financial stress. The benefits and possible issues of this approach are analyzed critically using a real world case study from the Nuremberg Institute of Technology (NIT). Additionally, ongoing and future research directions are presented.
В статье предложена концепция типовых моделей автоматизированных систем бюджетирования, которая призвана осветить междисциплинарную область между информационными технологиями и теорией бюджетирования. В работе выявлены способы автоматизации систем бюджетирования, их типовые элементы и взаимосвязь с бюджетной системой организации. В частности, в качестве основных подходов к автоматизации бюджетирования рассмотрены расширение функциональности электронных таблиц, развитие функциональности ERP-систем, разработка автоматизированных систем бюджетирования под заказ, специализированные системы бюджетирования и системы, доступные в рамках модели «software as a service» (SaaS). Под типовыми моделями понимаются модели автоматизированных систем бюджетирования, которые описывают конфигурацию информационной системы для определенных отраслей или типов производства, то есть метаописание, на основе которого может осуществляться конфигурирование и внедрение конкретной системы. Для описания типовой модели предлагается использовать такие документы, как справочник бюджетных статей, сгруппированных в рамках аналитических измерений, альбом форм (включая формы ввода данных и отчетные формы), а также паспорт алгоритмов, в котором описываются методы расчета бюджетных показателей. Эта документация охватывает три основные области, в рамках которых проектируются информационные системы, – проектирование объектов данных, проектирование экранных форм и отчетов и учет применяемой технологии. Типовые модели систем бюджетирования позволяют консалтинговым компаниям формализовать и систематизировать проектный опыт для достижения конкурентного преимущества за счет сокращения сроков и повышения качества системной интеграции.
RESUMO Esta pesquisa investigou a presença de erros em julgamentos envolvendo situações relativas ao or-çamento e adicionalmente mediu possíveis correlações entre o processo orçamentário e a existência de vieses cognitivos em decisões que envolvem cenários com informações contábeis e financeiras. A Contabilidade Comportamental tem se fortalecido do ponto de vista da produção do conhecimento, que visa a buscar, cada vez mais, uma interface com outras ciências como a Psicologia, a Economia e a Administração. Nos procedimentos metodológicos, foram construídos dois blocos de pesquisa com situações que envolviam conceitos relevantes para este estudo: heurísticas e práticas orçamentárias. A construção desses cenários visou a observar a ocorrência de três heurísticas abordadas neste estudo: ancoragem, representatividade e disponibilidade de instâncias, observando o quanto as variáveis independentes deste estudo explicavam a ocorrência destes fenômenos em um único contexto: a presença de heurísticas. Os resultados encontrados confirmaram a ocorrência de heurísticas nos indivíduos envolvidos com práticas orçamentárias, corroborando os achados da Teoria dos Prospectos. ABSTRACT This research investigated the presence of errors in trials involving situations related to the budget and additionally measured the correlation between the budget process and the existence of cognitive bias in decisions involving scenarios with accounting and financial information. Behavioral Accounting has strengthened the view of knowledge production that aims to seek, increasingly, an interface with other sciences such as psychology, economics and management. In the methodological procedures two blocks of research situations involving concepts relevant to this study were constructed: heuristics and budgeting practices. The construction of these scenarios aimed to observe the occurrence of three heuristics discussed in this study: anchoring, representativeness and availability of instances, observing how the independent variables of this study could explain the occurrence of these phenomena in a single context: the presence of heuristics. The results confirmed the occurrence of heuristics in individuals involved in budgeting practices, supporting the findings of Prospect Theory.
RESUMO Esta pesquisa investigou a presença de erros em julgamentos envolvendo situações relativas ao or-çamento e adicionalmente mediu possíveis correlações entre o processo orçamentário e a existência de vieses cognitivos em decisões que envolvem cenários com informações contábeis e financeiras. A Contabilidade Comportamental tem se fortalecido do ponto de vista da produção do conhecimento, que visa a buscar, cada vez mais, uma interface com outras ciências como a Psicologia, a Economia e a Administração. Nos procedimentos metodológicos, foram construídos dois blocos de pesquisa com situações que envolviam conceitos relevantes para este estudo: heurísticas e práticas orçamentárias. A construção desses cenários visou a observar a ocorrência de três heurísticas abordadas neste estudo: ancoragem, representatividade e disponibilidade de instâncias, observando o quanto as variáveis independentes deste estudo explicavam a ocorrência destes fenômenos em um único contexto: a presença de heurísticas. Os resultados encontrados confirmaram a ocorrência de heurísticas nos indivíduos envolvidos com práticas orçamentárias, corroborando os achados da Teoria dos Prospectos. ABSTRACT This research investigated the presence of errors in trials involving situations related to the budget and additionally measured the correlation between the budget process and the existence of cognitive bias in decisions involving scenarios with accounting and financial information. Behavioral Accounting has strengthened the view of knowledge production that aims to seek, increasingly, an interface with other sciences such as psychology, economics and management. In the methodological procedures two blocks of research situations involving concepts relevant to this study were constructed: heuristics and budgeting practices. The construction of these scenarios aimed to observe the occurrence of three heuristics discussed in this study: anchoring, representativeness and availability of instances, observing how the independent variables of this study could explain the occurrence of these phenomena in a single context: the presence of heuristics. The results confirmed the occurrence of heuristics in individuals involved in budgeting practices, supporting the findings of Prospect Theory.
Resumo Pesquisas relacionadas à elaboração do orçamento, apontam entre outros aspectos, à influência de vieses cognitivos nas in-terações empresariais, sobretudo os que abrangem o excesso de confiança dos tomadores de decisão. Cabe observar que o ser humano toma suas decisões abalizadas em um número muito restrito de informações disponíveis, o que não o permite ser totalmente racional nesse processo. Esta pesquisa possui o obje-tivo de examinar os principais componentes da produção cien-tífica sobre a influência do overconfidence (excesso de confiança) na elaboração do orçamento, nos periódicos internacionais, no período entre 2005 e 2009. A relevância desta investigação está
Portuguese Abstract: Pesquisas relacionadas à elaboração do orçamento apontam, entre outros aspectos, a influência de vieses cognitivos nas interações empresariais, sobretudo os que abrangem o excesso de confiança dos tomadores de decisão. Cabe observar que o ser humano toma as suas decisões abalizadas em um número muito restrito de informações disponíveis, o que não o permite ser totalmente racional neste processo. Esta pesquisa possui o objetivo de examinar os principais componentes da produção científica sobre a influência do excesso de confiança na elaboração do orçamento, nos periódicos internacionais, no período entre 2005 e 2009. A relevância desta investigação está na análise da produção recente de um determinado campo de conhecimento, onde se admite um julgamento do seu estágio atual de discussão. Realizou-se uma investigação empírico-analítica com análise documental. Para tanto, utilizou-se técnicas de redes sociais e bibliométrica. Analisou-se cinco periódicos: Journal of Accounting and Economics, Journal of Accounting Research, The Accounting Review, Accounting Organizations and Society, e Review of Accounting Studies. Os resultados encontrados indicam que o volume de publicações ainda é muito baixo, oito artigos foram encontrados nos periódicos pesquisados. A pesquisa contribui, nessa perspectiva, que existem poucos autores pesquisando este tema atualmente, todavia, não se deve inferir que este tema seja irrelevante, pelo contrário, a sua relevância é demonstrada pela evolução do número de artigos publicados nos anos mais recentes, revelando interesse dos pesquisadores de renome internacional quanto aos fatores que podem explicar esse fenômeno. O periódico The Accounting Review apresenta o maior número de publicações na área. Quanto à rede social entre os autores e as referências utilizadas em suas pesquisas a rede apresenta um baixo grau de centralidade. Os autores Hun-Tong Tan, B. Barber e M. Mcnichols estão na vanguarda dos estudos do tema e são mais referidos pelos artigos internacionais tornando-se os principais elos na composição da rede social e, portanto, tornam-se consultas essenciais para qualquer pesquisador que esteja nesta área do conhecimento. Conclui-se que diante da relevância do tema, corrobora-se que é imprescindível um maior aprofundamento, por meio de pesquisas científicas, a fim de encontrar recursos que auxiliem a reduzir o impacto do excesso de confiança na elaboração do orçamento.English Abstract: Researches related to budgeting, among other things, point out the influence of cognitive biases in business interactions, especially those covering the overconfidence of decision makers. It should be noted that the human takes its decisions based in a very limited amount of information available, which does not allow this process to be fully rational. This research has the objective to examine the key components of scientific literature on the influence of overconfidence in budgeting, in international journals between 2005 and 2009. Relevance of this research is the analysis of the recent production of particular field knowledge, being possible to evaluate the current stage of discussion. We conducted an empirical-analytic research with documentary analysis. For this purpose, we use techniques of bibliometric and social networks. We analyzed five journals: Journal of Accounting and Economics, Journal of Accounting Research, The Accounting Review, Accounting Organizations and Society, and Review of Accounting Studies. The results indicate that the volume of publications is still very low: eight articles were found in the journals surveyed. The research contributes, in this perspective, to show that there are few authors currently researching this topic, however, one should not infer that this issue is irrelevant, instead, its relevance is demonstrated by the evolution of the number of articles published in recent years, revealing interest of international researchers regarding factors that may explain this phenomenon. The journal The Accounting Review has the highest number of publications in the area. As regards the social network between the authors and the references used in their research, the network has a low degree of centrality. The authors Hun-Tong Tan, B. Barber and M. McNichols are at the forefront of studies of the subject and are more international articles referred to, becoming the main links in the composition of the social network and thus become essential reference for any researcher who is in this knowledge area. We conclude that given the importance of the topic, it is necessary to develop further, through scientific research, in order to find resources that help to reduce the impact of overconfidence in budgeting.
Doutorando em Administração (UFBA) Mestre em Contabilidade (UFBA) Professor Auxiliar da Universidade do Estado da Bahia (UNEB) raimundolima@ufba.br Adriano Leal Bruni Doutor em Administração (USP) Professor Titular da Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA) albruni@ufba.br RESUMO Esta pesquisa mediu possíveis correlações entre o processo orçamentário e a existência de vieses cognitivos em decisões que envolvem cenários com informações contábeis e financeiras. Alem disso, enfatizou-se que o processo orçamentário tem sido objeto de pesquisas e estudos por outras áreas do conhecimento. Por sua vez, a Contabilidade Comportamental tem se fortalecido do ponto de vista da produção do conhecimento que visa buscar, cada vez mais, uma interface com outras ciências como a Psicologia, a Economia e Administração. Nos procedimentos metodológicos, foram construídos dois blocos de pesquisa com situações que envolviam alguns conceitos relevantes para este estudo: heurísticas e práticas orçamentárias. A construção desses cenários visou observar a ocorrência de três heurísticas abordadas neste estudo: ancoragem, representatividade e disponibilidade de instâncias, observando o quanto as variáveis independentes deste estudo explicavam a ocorrência destes fenômenos, em um único contexto: a presença de Heurísticas. Os resultados encontrados confirmaram a ocorrência de heurísticas nos indivíduos envolvidos com práticas orçamentárias, corroborando os achados da Teoria dos Prospectos. Quanto mais um indivíduo faz, mais ele pode errar, já que atalhos mentais conduzem ao erro. Portanto, evidenciou-se neste trabalho, a importância da discussão acerca da Contabilidade Comportamental, para que seu desenvolvimento possa fazer com que sejam resolvidos problemas que incidem em decisões gerenciais, quando não notados os aspectos cognitivos e psicológicos de quem efetivamente toma decisão. Palavras-chave: Heurísticas, processo orçamentário, Contabilidade Comportamental.
Pesquisas relacionadas à elaboração do orçamento apontam, entre outros aspectos, a
influência de vieses cognitivos nas interações empresariais, sobretudo os que abrangem o
excesso de confiança dos tomadores de decisão. Cabe observar que o ser humano toma as
suas decisões abalizadas em um número muito restrito de informações disponíveis, o que não
o permite ser totalmente racional neste processo. Esta pesquisa possui o objetivo de examinar
os principais componentes da produção científica sobre a influência do excesso de confiança
na elaboração do orçamento, nos periódicos internacionais, no período entre 2005 e 2009. A
relevância desta investigação está na análise da produção recente de um determinado campo
de conhecimento, onde se admite um julgamento do seu estágio atual de discussão. Realizouse
uma investigação empírico-analítica com análise documental. Para tanto, utilizou-se
técnicas de redes sociais e bibliométrica. Analisou-se cinco periódicos: Journal of Accounting
and Economics, Journal of Accounting Research, The Accounting Review, Accounting
Organizations and Society, e Review of Accounting Studies. Os resultados encontrados
indicam que o volume de publicações ainda é muito baixo, oito artigos foram encontrados nos
periódicos pesquisados. A pesquisa contribui, nessa perspectiva, que existem poucos autores
pesquisando este tema atualmente, todavia, não se deve inferir que este tema seja irrelevante,
pelo contrário, a sua relevância é demonstrada pela evolução do número de artigos publicados
nos anos mais recentes, revelando interesse dos pesquisadores de renome internacional quanto
aos fatores que podem explicar esse fenômeno. O periódico The Accounting Review apresenta
o maior número de publicações na área. Quanto à rede social entre os autores e as referências
utilizadas em suas pesquisas a rede apresenta um baixo grau de centralidade. Os autores Hun-
Tong Tan, B. Barber e M. Mcnichols estão na vanguarda dos estudos do tema e são mais
referidos pelos artigos internacionais tornando-se os principais elos na composição da rede
social e, portanto, tornam-se consultas essenciais para qualquer pesquisador que esteja nesta
área do conhecimento. Conclui-se que diante da relevância do tema, corrobora-se que é
imprescindível um maior aprofundamento, por meio de pesquisas científicas, a fim de
encontrar recursos que auxiliem a reduzir o impacto do excesso de confiança na elaboração do
orçamento.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.