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Le design pédagogique d'une propédeutique à distance pour favoriser la persévérance scolaire des étudiants autochtones

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Entrepreneurship is perceived to be a key to revitalizing the economies of American Indian communities. Gonzaga University offers an MBA specifically designed to prepare tribal college instructors to teach entrepreneurship. Beginning with the relevant background on the need for and benefit of indigenous management education, this article describes the elements of this unique program such as the cohort system, on-line and on-campus courses, and culturally appropriate curriculum changes. The program is analyzed through a qualitative examination of an alumni survey. The survey reveals that the foremost challenge for the program is the integration of indigenous cultural values and management practices with mainstream business curricula. The most prominent success factor the survey reveals is the fit between the program’s goals and the mission of the Jesuit institution in which the program resides. Finally, the survey results provide some insight into the impact the program is having on indigenous communities.
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As a consequence of the Civil Rights Movement and related social movements, the past 30 years have witnessed an unprecedented rise in higher education enrollments among ethnic minority groups, women, and low-income students, as well as increases in the financial aid available to these groups. However, certain ethnic minority populations, such as Native American and Native Canadian students, still experience difficulty in the transition from the K-12 school system to higher education, despite policies enacted to increase access. The research literature cites the disjuncture between the home cultures of these students and the environments of the school as a major cause of the failure of Native students to make the transition from the K-12 school system to higher education institutions. These findings have prompted calls for the integration of Native cultural knowledge and perspectives into the school curriculum. This Canadian study examined the outcomes of consistently integrating Native perspectives into the high school social studies curriculum throughout the 2003-2004 academic year. The teachers integrated Native cultural learning objectives, resources, and instructional methods. Critical elements of the integration processes that appeared to increase academic achievement, class attendance, and participation among Native students are discussed. Teachers can draw on these elements to implement effective teaching strategies for the preparation of Native students along the college pipeline. (Contains 1 endnote.)
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Medical programmes across Canada recognise the increased need for Aboriginal doctors. This study aimed to determine Canadian medical programmes' commitment towards Aboriginal health issues, recruitment, admission policies, educational opportunities and support offered to Aboriginal medical undergraduate students. Medical school websites were initially reviewed to identify recruitment initiatives, admission policies and curriculum activities related to Aboriginal health. A questionnaire was sent to each dean of medicine to collect additional data on the programmes' recruitment strategies, admission policies, educational opportunities and the type of support offered to Aboriginal medical students. Sixteen medical programmes completed the questionnaire (return rate = 100%). There were 56 Aboriginal medical students enrolled across these medical programmes. More than 75% of students were completing their training in a western province. Over half of the medical programmes had recruitment initiatives and admission policies specific to Aboriginal applicants and the majority reported that their programmes' curricula included learning objectives specific to Aboriginal health. Most offered lectures and training opportunities to medical students and few offered core curriculum activities focusing on Aboriginal health. This descriptive paper offers a snapshot of initiatives across medical programmes aimed at increasing the number of Aboriginal applicants and medical students and at supporting their journeys towards the attainment of medical degrees. More research is needed to evaluate these initiatives' effectiveness. The results of such studies would not only provide needed information aimed at meeting the specific health needs of Aboriginal people, but may also contribute towards the laying of a framework to help narrow the gaps that exist within health care delivery to other minority groups.
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Language differences and diverse cultural norms influence the transmission and receipt of information. The online environment provides yet another potential source of miscommunication. Although distance learning has the potential to reach students in cultural groups that have been disenfranchised from traditional higher education settings in the past, intercultural miscommunication is also much more likely to occur through it. There is limited research examining intercultural miscommunication within distance education environments. This article presents the results of a qualitative study that explored the communication experiences of Canadian faculty and Aboriginal students while participating in an online baccalaureate nursing degree program that used various delivery modalities. The microlevel data analysis revealed participants' beliefs and interactions that fostered intercultural miscommunication as well as their recommendations for ensuring respectful and ethically supportive discourses in online courses. The unique and collective influences of intercultural miscommunication on the experiences of faculty and students within the courses are also identified. Instances of ethnocentrism and othering are illustrated, noting the effects that occurred from holding dualistic perspectives of us and them. Lastly, strategies for preventing intercultural miscommunication in online courses are described.
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Aboriginal youth is one of the fastest growing of all populations in Saskatchewan today. This is a prime group to target for training in the health care professions. The need for strategies to support recruitment and retention in these programs is critical for maintaining our present standard and increasing demands of quality health care. Program initiatives and supports need to be implemented to encourage this population to enroll in and complete health care programs. Although only 5 years old, the University of Saskatchewan, First Nations University of Canada, and Saskatchewan Institute of Applied Science and Technology (SIAST) have created a viable northern nursing program with a retention rate of Aboriginal postsecondary students 13% greater than the provincial norm. They graduated their first class of nursing students from and for the North, May 2006.
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