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TRANSFORMATION OF THE ENTERPRISE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM: FROM HIRING EMPLOYEES TO HUMAN CAPITAL
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The article highlights the features of the management system of social and labor relations of the enterprise. For this purpose, the characteristics and transformation of the objects of management of social and labor relations of the enterprise are given. The paper also provides a brief overview of the key concepts of the theory of the firm, management of social and labor relations and the direct implementation of various enterprise management systems. A comparative characteristic of the change in the system is given: from the management of labor (human) resources to the management of human capital of the enterprise. It is shown that it is the management of human capital of the enterprise that demonstrates its greatest efficiency in the conditions of transition to the knowledge economy.
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В современных условиях усиления интеллектуализации экономики для многих
предприятий актуализировались вопросы развития человеческого капитала, что подчеркнуло
важность разработки системы его оценки. В работе приводится обзор основных подходов к
оценке человеческого капитала и обосновывается значимость эвристического подхода, позволяющего оценить взаимосвязи между его составляющими, отражающими стадии воспроизводства, на основе корреляционного анализа исходя из оценки экспертов. Подобное измерение
человеческого капитала предприятия имеет большое значение при формировании стратегии
его развития. Преимущество эвристического подхода состоит в достаточной простоте анализа
человеческого капитала предприятия, результаты которого способствует ускорению процесса
принятия управленческих решений. Данный подход позволяет определить наиболее перспективные направления для инвестиций в развитие человеческого капитала предприятия. Методологической основной исследования послужила теория человеческого капитала. В целях
исследования в рамках системного подхода использовались методы ситуационного анализа,
экспертных оценок и анкетирование. Эмпирическую базу составили результаты опроса экспертов относительно удовлетворённости различными факторами формирования и использования человеческого капитала на предприятии. Теоретическая значимость исследования заключается в том, что применяемый в работе подход к оценке человеческого капитала позволяет
установить фактическую взаимосвязь между стадиями его воспроизводства и показать влияние отдельных его стадий на состояние человеческого капитала предприятия в целом. Данный
подход позволяет давать рекомендации по стратегическому развитию человеческого капитала
предприятия. На примере оценки человеческого капитала машиностроительного предприятия установлено, что наиболее слабая взаимосвязь между составляющими, характеризующими
его использование и развитие. Представленная оценка человеческого капитала предприятия
позволяет сделать ряд рекомендаций для целей его стратегического развития. Практическая
ценность исследования заключается в разработке методики построения модели человеческого капитала предприятия, которая позволяет определить сильные стороны и узкие места его
формирования и использования, и тем самым выявить пути устранения барьеров его развития.
The landscape of research outputs in tourism planning is fragmented and multi-disciplinary. Design as a meta-discipline has the power to integrate sectoral thought and inject creativity, non-linear thought and transdisciplinarity into planning processes, particularly when tackling sustainability challenges. This paper defines Destination Design as a novel framework capable of evolving the concepts of spatial and participatory planning using the design thinking cognitive style to address sustainability paradoxes. The features of Destination Design are explored through the unique case study of sustainability-oriented innovation in the Dolomites UNESCO World Heritage Site. Results show that design thinking can be invaluable for pioneering pro-sustainability initiatives. Further, creative forms of engagement might encourage the acceptance and support of local transformations, but are difficult to implement.
With the advance of 5G technologies by both academia and industry, 5G adoption is gaining widespread acceptance in numerous cities, prompting further innovations in Smart City technologies riding on the wave of the Internet of Things (IoT). However, even in its infancy stage, the speed of technological advancement is already highlighting the limitations of 5G, and its potentially short lifespan as new technologies are rendered obsolete faster. This fast-moving field is coupled with an ongoing and increasing funding into Research & Development (R&D) efforts by private corporations, to potentially commercialise on the surge in demand for ‘smarter’ cities’, This paper aims to chart the major directions and scope emerging dimensions inherent to 6G technology, including Digital Twins and Immersive Realities (XR) that, when applied to cities that are currently being equipped with digital infrastructural backbones, may have direct socio-economic impacts upon our lives while responding to the tenets of the Sustainable Development Goal 11. Looking at the future 6G technology this article considers the prospects of 6G, and its associated concepts, and its relations as they pertain to Future, Smart, Digital and Sustainable Cities.
This article is an attempt to consider the application of digital media in education from the perspective of Christensen’s concept of disruptive and sustaining innovations. At the initial research stage, the hypothesis was formed that digital media as one of the main innovations in the educational sphere of recent decades play an auxiliary role in organizing and realizing the educational process. The authors have reviewed over 500 scientific works published in the period 2019–2020 and devoted to the issue of innovations in the educational environment. The analysis of their content was directed to identification of innovation types used in the higher education of various countries and consideration of digital tools and resources used for educational purposes from the standpoint of the concept on disruptive and sustaining innovations. The methods of synthesis and generalization were applied to build a picture of most popular digital solutions in the sphere of higher education and their innovative nature.
While much of the prior research focused on the acquisition and accumulation aspect of technological resources, this study turns attention to a firm’s decision to divest its technological resources. It is important to continuously rearrange and reevaluate existing resources and make room for the additional acquisition through divestiture. This study mainly assumes technological resource divestitures as a proactive strategy rather than a result of upper level decision. This work expects that divestiture leads firms to enhance innovation performance. Suggesting newly coined concept, technological resource divestiture, this study examines the direct effect of resource divestiture on firms’ innovation in the technological domain. Moreover, this study scrutinizes the influence of the rhythm of divestiture and diversity of divesting technological dimension on innovation. It is conducted with data on patent expirations before the maximum granted duration and sell-offs in pharmaceutical industry provided by USPTO.
In this paper, new phenomena and models supporting innovativeness of manufacturing companies are discussed. Quadruple helix innovation model and a sharing economy concept are presented. A role of innovation as a crucial factor of sustainable manufacturing is addressed. The main aim of the paper is to analyse and assess selected bottom-up models and approaches developed for enhancing open innovation and technology transfer in industrial companies in Central Europe. Research methodology is composed of an analysis of the models which have been developed within three international projects co-funded from the Interreg Central Europe programme, namely SYNERGY, TRANS3Net and NUCLEI. Five IT tools are presented and investigated. Moreover, activities supporting their implementation process are indicated to underline the new, innovative and holistic approach of creating an effective cooperation environment, with particular emphasis on the area of advanced manufacturing.
The cognitive objective of the work is to underline the strategic importance of knowledge and collaboration networks in the Fourth Industrial Revolution. In support of these considerations, the process of innovation in the new technological paradigm will be described, with the aim of highlighting that the better the level of human capital, the greater the chances of increasing competitiveness. The reflection will be followed by the evolution of the concept of the Innovation System, with reference to the actors and the network model, as well as to the policies that help shape a suitable context for the diffusion of the knowledge economy. The systemic approach will be found in the Campania Region, which although not starting from favorable positions in the ranking of the most innovative territories, is striving to face the territorial challenge. Although many parties agree with the need to govern change and the idea that technology should only play a role in supporting and enhancing human activity is making headway, in reality there remains a considerable distance between the declared intentions and the real practices followed in the era of digital transformation. The importance of this study lies in the observation that in the face of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, it is not enough to simply de-linearise the possible impacts of enabling technologies in forecasting terms, but it is necessary to enter into the merits of the paths of change, in order to identify to use the appropriate ways to guide and accompany them, which should be governed by an innovation systems governance that guarantees the participation of all stakeholders.
Over a hundred million gears are annually produced in Brazil. They are applied to automobiles, wind turbines, aircraft and sugar and alcohol energy systems, among others. Despite the variety of applications, these segments share similar demands for technological solutions within the same economic challenges to investing in innovation. This context engendered the launch of “Engrena ITA”, in 2017, as an alliance among organizations with the aim of enhancing research prospections about gears and power transmission systems. Sharing benefits and responsibilities among its members, Engrena ITA assumes the integrative role established by the Open Innovation concept. The operational essence is the systematic interaction among members, who receive the right of defining guidelines of the gear-dedicated research group of ITA. The fundamental interaction occurs in workshops twice a year. Deep technical discussions precede the definition of a priority list of research topics to be prospected. The top priority is taken to further discussions on the scope content, and its generated project proposal is submitted either to government calls or to a pool of companies. The first year of operation, executed as a pilot plan, joined 24 companies of the segment, from tooling developers to OEM’s. In one year, 15 projects were prospected, involving 29 organizations worldwide. Projects were prospected on a partnership basis, involving Brazilian and foreign research institutes. The systematic integration which drove new ideas creation is now the basis for the initiative’s continuity and for multiplying the model to further technologies.
Social innovation is a concept that arises in a complex environment. Problems related to climate change, the global epidemic of chronic diseases and social inequality are challenges that the current political structure has not treated in an egalitarian approach. Experiences in social innovation point to collaborative work. Several types of players relate to finding solutions to the problems inherent in the less favored population. In this sense, the objective of this article is to identify the constituent elements of the collaboration network, which emerge in the context of social innovation. This is a qualitative and descriptive research, of the case study type, applied in a social incubator. The authors used documentary analysis and semi-structured interviews to collect the data. Based on the thematic analysis of the primary data, it was concluded that the constituent elements of the collaboration network in the context of social incubators are: partnerships (networks of players and types of partnerships); collaboration (mutual aid, commitment and trust); self-management (shared leadership, joint decision-making and shared processes); resources (financial, material and human); learning (training, lecture and sharing of experiences). It is also worth noting that economic, social and environmental sustainability, and empowerment (recognition and construction of identity) are recognized as a result of the collaboration network.
Management Science and Engineering Management (MSEM) has made a great contribution to the development of economy and society at the level of management and control. In this paper, the basic concepts covered in the fourteenth ICMSEM proceedings Volume II are discussed, after which a review is conducted on engineering management (EM) research to identify the key areas, the most widely discussed research areas for which have been supply chain, strategic planning and industry innovation. The final dataset consisted of articles from scientific journals published in the years from 1990 to 2020. After an analysis of the key research achievements in these three areas, the related research studies in Proceedings Volume II are described. The research trends from both MSEM journals and the ICMSEM are then summarized using CiteSpace. As always, ICMSEM is committed to providing an international forum for academic exchange and communication.