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Diverzitet gljiva Zaštićenog pejzaža "Konjuh" - Inventarizacija, zaštita i promocija
Abstract
Knjiga „Diverzitet gljiva Zaštićenog pejzaža "Konjuh" - Inventarizacija, zaštita i promocija” bavi se prezentacijom preliminarnih rezultata mikoloških istraživanja realizovanih tokom 2019. i 2020. godine na teritoriji Zaštićenog pejzaža "Konjuh", trenutno jedinog protektorata na području Tuzlanskog kantona.
U okviru knjige izdvojeno je i predstavljeno 114 vrsta gljiva iz odjeljaka Ascomycota i Basidiomycota te predstavljen popis gljiva ZP "Konjuh" sa ukupno 399 različitih vrsta. Za manji broj registrovanih vrsta predloženi su odgovarajući IUCN statusi i kategorije, a u skladu sa provedenom evaluacijom i relevantnim konzervacijskim kriterijima. Na osnovu predloženih kategorija i procjene ugroženosti pojedinih staništa, upravi zaštićenog područja su predložene i odgovarajuće mjere i aktivnosti s ciljem održavanja, ali i unapređenja postojećeg stanja i diverziteta gljiva.
Autori unutar knjige nastavljaju i s prijedlogom implementacije koncepta IFA područja, u koja se, uzimajući u obzir realizovana istraživanja, ubraja i ZP "Konjuh".
... Jedan od načina kako sačuvati biodiverzitet gljiva jeste i izdvajanje zaštićenih područja u kojim će ovi i drugi organizmi biti manje izloženi nepovoljnom uticaju čovjeka (Usčuplić, 2013). Izdvajanjem specifičnih staništa koja su od značaja za opstanak pojedinih vrsta gljiva (Important Fungus Areas -IFA) teži se ka još efikasnijem uticaju provedenih zaštitnih mjera (Jukić et al., 2022a;2022b;2019;Jukić i Omerović, 2017;Treštić et al., 2021). ...
Gljive u šumskim ekosistemima igraju ključnu ulogu u očuvanju biodiverziteta, regulaciji klimatskih promjena i osiguravanju resursa. Ovaj rad fokusira se na analizu uloge gljiva kao pokazatelja ekoloških faktora u šumama, koristeći rezultate novijih istraživanja. Općenito, gljive koriste raspoloživu organsku materiju, bilo da je u živom ili mrtvom obliku. Pri tome se one sukcesivno smjenjuju i zajedno s drugim organizmima sudjeluju u potpunoj razgradnji organske materije. S obzirom na to, gljive pripadaju različitim grupama u pogledu ishrane. Mikorizne gljive uspostavljaju simbiotske veze s drvećem, grmljem i drugim biljkama kojima tako pomažu u bržem razvoju i jačoj otpornosti prema štetnim uticajima. Posredujući između korijena biljaka i supstrata u kojem se on nalazi, gljive direktno utiču na rast biljaka i općenito pospješuju proizvodnju biomase. Tako na primjer, Cenococcum geophilum Fr., Russula ochroleuca Pers., Imleria badia (Fr.) Vizzini i neke druge vrste gljiva potiču brži rast drveća i pomažu im u stresnim situacijama. Velika grupa gljiva koriste i mrtvu organsku materiju, čime sprječavaju njeno nagomilavanje u ekosistemima, a u krajnjem, vraćaju je u mineralni oblik ponovo dostupan autotrofnim, prvenstveno biljnim organizmima. Iz ove grupe gljiva, Hericium coralloides (Scop.) Pers. je pokazatelj dobrog i nenarušenog stanja šuma bukve i hrasta, dok gljiva Biscogniauxia nummularia (Bull.) Kuntze ukazuje na pogoršano zdravstveno stanje u ovim šumama. Zbog ovih uloga, zastupljenost mikoriznih i saprotrofnih gljiva u šumskim ekosistemima može se koristiti kao indikator njihove opće stabilnosti, a pojedini predstavnici iz obje navedene grupe kao specifični indikatori kvalitativnih promjena u njima. Međutim, pojavljivanje pojedinih vrsta gljiva u šumskim ekosistemima teško je predvidjeti zbog njihove ovisnosti o brojnim faktorima (klima, stanište, gazdovanje šumama, fenologija i uzrast drveća, čovjek i dr.), zbog čega postoje brojne nedoumice u njihovoj primjeni kao pokazatelja kvaliteta staništa, vitalnosti i zdravstvenog stanja drveća i šuma. U radu se pojašnjava ekološka uloga indikatorskih gljiva s obzirom na podršku rastu i vitalnosti drveća, zdravlju šuma i drveća općenito te kruženju hranljivih materija u šumskom ekosistemu. Posebno se naglašava kako prisustvo ili odsutnost indikatorskih gljiva može signalizirati specifične uslove u šumi. Cilj rada je da pruži uvid u značaj indikatorskih gljiva u šumskim ekosistemima, ističući njihovu važnost u očuvanju potencijala i zdravlja šuma u održivom upravljanju šumama.
Knjiga "Gljive Spomenika prirode Tajan" pruža preliminarni uvid u diverzitet mikobiote Tajana. U publikaciji je obrađeno sedam najznačajnijih područja u okviru ovog protektorata te su taksonomski i morfološki predstavljene i izdvojene neke od zabilježenih vrsta gljiva.
Knjiga donosi i preliminarni popis gljiva Spomenika prirode Tajan koji sadrži 406 vrsta, od čega 266 pripada odjeljku Basidiomycota, a 140 odjeljku Ascomycota. Jedan dio vrsta predstavlja prve nalaze za Bosnu i Hercegovinu dok su pojedini nalazi značajni za mikobiotu regiona općenito.
Based on both molecular data obtained from databases and from new studies of type collections of species of Peziza described by Donadini and morphological characters, taxonomical changes are proposed. Some names are given based on lineages of the Pezizaceae previously assigned to Peziza. A new multigene phylogeny (LSu, RPB2, β-tubulin) is provided. The following genera are reinstated: Daleomyces Setch., with D. gardneri (syn. Peziza proteana f. sparassoides) as type species, Geoscypha (Cooke) Lambotte, with Peziza violacea as type species, and Phaeopezia Sacc. ex Vido, with Peziza apiculata as type species. Peziza sect. Pur-pureodiscus, with Peziza subisabellina as type species, is raised to the generic rank. Six new genera are proposed: Ionopezia, with Peziza gerardii as type species, Malvipezia, with Peziza howsei as type species, Elaiopezia, with Galactinia polaripapulata as type species, Paragalactinia, with Peziza succosa as type species, Phylloscypha, with Peziza phyllogena as type species, and Legaliana, with Peziza badia as type species. The genera Galactinia, Heteroplegma, Infundibulum, Iotidea, Paramitra and Podaleuris are also discussed. The amy-loid reaction of asci is also discussed and characterised with three new categories inspired by those of Hansen et al. (2001).
Short preliminary check-lists are presented as a result of last year mycological investigation on the territory of three protected areas in the Sarajevo Canton in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Vrelo Bosne Nature Monument, Bijambare Protected Landscape and Skakavac Nature Monument).
Among all findings some are more closely presented and discussed.
Their ecology, phenology, local and regional or global distribution pattern, as well as main threats and additional conservation activities are especially highlighted and noted.
Recommendation of adequate conservation activities within the territories of the protected areas are proposed to the local authorities and managements.
Species of Tarzetta are morphologically well-defined but their taxonomy is confused because of the multiple interpretations of the oldest names, i.e. T. catinus and T. cupularis. The exploration of this genus with molecular and ecological data gave us the opportunity to partially clarify its taxonomy and to propose typifications of names. The type collections of T. pusilla, T. gaillardiana, and T. spurcata in the sense of Harmaja were reviewed. Hypotarzetta insignis, a semi-hypogeous species, is reinstated in Tarzetta based on molecular data. New species are also described and illustrated: T. gregaria sp. nov. is characterized by its small size and gregarious orangish ascocarps, T. alnicola sp. nov. is a small species associated with alders in riparian woodlands, T. alpina sp. nov. grows in boreo-alpine regions, T. sepultarioides sp. nov. is characterized by its Sepultaria-like appearance and ascus base shape, T. melitensis sp. nov. is a small species described from Malta, and T. quercus-ilicis sp. nov. is a small, sessile species, associated with Quercus ilex in Mediterranean regions. T. betulicola is a provisional name proposed for a species from the T. catinus complex, probably associated with birch trees
Moravia – I. Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae biologicae (Brno) 102(1): 49–87. – An annotated list of some remarkable collections of rare polypores, mainly from the territory of Moravia, is given. Altogether, 36 species are presented, most of them illlustrated with a colour photograph. Some information on their distribution, ecology and key characters is provided. New localities of species previously known merely from only one (Aurantiporus alborubescens, Chaetoporellus latitans, Riopa metamorphosa) or two (Jahnoporus hirtus) in Czechia were disclosed, and a few species (Byssoporia terrestris, Phellinus lundellii) are published for the first time for the territory of Moravia. Further, many new localities for certain other very rare polypores (Gelatoporia subvermispora, Porotheleum fimbriatum, Tyromyces kmetii, Yuchengia narymica) are presented.
The mushroom genus Laccaria is one of the very few ectomycorrhizal lineages whose diversity has been explored from the phylogenetic, population genetic, genomic, and ecological perspectives. The genus serves as a model for understanding the biology of ectomycorrhizal fungi. This chapter provides an in-depth overview of the systematic diversity, ecology, host associations, and phylogenetic relationships that helped shape the current distribution of Laccaria species. This chapter discusses the challenges in identifying and delimiting species of Laccaria, along with the potential influence of life-history strategy and ecological role on the speciation and dispersal of Laccaria. The biogeographic histories of several well-documented and important ectomycorrhizal hosts of Laccaria are reviewed. These histories provide a backdrop to examine potential migration and dispersal routes during the diversification of Laccaria. They reveal historical distribution patterns that explain how ectomycorrhizal symbioses likely shaped the biogeography of Laccaria. The phylogenetic history and global systematic diversity of Laccaria is reviewed in the final sections, which include discussions of the Southern Hemisphere origins of the genus, a hypothesis for dispersal to the Northern Hemisphere, and the challenges of correlating diversity and distribution patterns in the Northern Hemisphere. Altogether, Laccaria represents a genus that is rich with opportunities to explore the ecological and evolutionary forces shaping the biogeography of ectomycorrhizal fungi.
Twenty two Typhula (Pers.) Fr. species and one Pistillaria Fr. species are reported from Finland. Five species are new for the country, viz. Typhula capitata (Pat.) Berthier, T. culmigena (Mont. & Fr.) J. Schröt., T. hyalina (Quél.) Berthier, T. spathulata (Peck) Berthier, and T. struthiopteridis Corner. Most of the species are common. The localities, habitats, substrates and short ecological notes for the new species are given.
The paper presents a new opinion on the delimitation of Pholiota aurivella and Pholiota adiposa , which, however, correspondsto originaldescriptions of BatschandFries.Theconclusions are based on careful studies of fresh as well as herbarium material from the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Sweden, Finland and Austria. The true Pholiota aurivella (Batsch: Fr.) P. Kumm. proved to be a species growing on Salix and having a subviscid to dry and mat pileus surface, thick dark scales, predominantly clavate cheilocystidia, spores with a broad germ pore and abundant chrysocystidia. The true Pholiota adiposa (Batsch: Fr.) P. Kumm. is a fungus occurring on Fagus and many other deciduous trees, occasionally also on conifers, and has a strongly glutinous, lustrous pileus with thin scales, cheilocystidia of a different shape, spores with a narrower germ pore and rare chrysocystidia. A new neotype is being designated here for Pholiota aurivella instead of the neotype chosen by Jacobsson which proved to be in conflict with Fries’ protologue. Revision of the holotype of Pholiota cerifera (P. Karst.) P. Karst, showed that this species is identical with Pholiota aurivella.
Rimbachia neckerae is reported from several localities in the Alps. A description is given and the spore size of all Rimbachia species hi the rto reported from Central Europe is critically reviewed. Special attention is given to the host plants, i.e. pleurocarpous and acrocarpous mosses.
Methods for characterization of ectomycorrhizas have been compiled and important features have been discussed in a recent publication (Agerer 1991a). As the characteristics have already been described in detail, the reader is referred to that article for more detailed information. In the present study, species are arranged together with regard to these features. An attempt has been made to select those characteristics which might be typical for some fungal relationships. Of course, the present treatise can only be a compilation of present-day knowledge. Further studies have to corroborate, modify or even disprove the offered, tentative conclusions. A comparison of fungal families with respect to their ectomycorrhizas was first attempted by Agerer et al. (1989). Godbout and Fortin (1985) reported common ectomycorrhizal features at the genus level.