Chapter

Turning rice straw into paper in Tanzania: A potential mechanism for reducing air pollution and increasing revenue

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Abstract

The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that 90% of people worldwide breathed polluted air in 2014 that exceeded the WHO limit of 10 μgm⁻³. Ambient air pollution was responsible for 4.2 million premature deaths in 2016 globally. Lancet noted that 92% of deaths associated with pollution is in developing countries among marginalized groups, particularly women and children. In Tanzania almost one fifth (19%) of annual deaths were associated with impacts of pollution-related diseases, equivalent to 74,170 deaths in 2016. In addition, a proportion of Death and Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) attributable to communicable diseases, which includes airborne diseases, accounted for 62% in in the same period. This chapter provides a review of the regulatory frameworks governing environmental issues, the contribution of air pollution from burning rice straw in rice fields, and the prospects of converting rice straw into pulp and paper products as a business solution to air pollution.

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